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Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is based on the use of valer (better, as its English translation) as a tertiopersonal verb introduced by the quantifier más (more, as its English translation) used in comparative structures in which the verb acts as main clause of subject subordinate clauses in the subjunctive or infinitive: Más vale/valdría que estudies/ estudiaras/estudiar (You’d better study/ It would be better if you studied/ You had better study/ It would be better to study). In the first part of the article there is a description of the syntax and semantics of this pan-Hispanic structure and some specialized pragmatic functions. Likewise, information is given on some units of a communicative type (taggers, phraseological units) in whose organizational structure includes some form of the verb valer, especially in the third person singular of the present indicative tense. In the second part of the study, three forms, two modal indicators and a connector, are reported, which have been classified as más vale. In a previous article it was explained that the use of más vale (que + indicativo [that + indicative]) in current Spanish has a geographic variation that is limited to Navarre (Spain) and, apparently, to Argentina as well. However, the meaning that más vale has in each of these geographical areas is different. In the first case it works as a categorical locution that shares the semantic features of the pattern menos mal (less bad). Meanwhile, the other categorical locution, on which this study will focus its attention, is an epistemic categorical adverb that would be integrated in the paradigm of statement reinforcers, among which we find por supuesto, claro, desde luego, evidentemente, etc (of course/ sure/ certainly/ obviously). Based on these facts, in the current study the following objectives are pursued: a) based on the information of several corpus, especially the macro corpus Spanish Web 2018 (esTenTen18), it is intended to offer an approach to the local distribution of the epistemic categorical adverb más vale; b) secondly, bearing in mind descriptions of other statement reinforcers in Spanish, the macro syntax and the communicative performance of this disjunctive conjunctions will be discussed; c) finally, after mentioning the presence of más vale as a rephrasing connector, some reflections on the use of the three más vale mentioned in the article are sketched, following the trail of studies that have shown the semantic shift from comparison to modality and rephrasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Letras (0459-1283) is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La modalidad es una categoría gramatical que se expresa por medio de recursos gramaticales y léxicos. La evidencialidad nos ofrece información sobre el modo en el que el hablante ha conocido de un hecho, evento o conocimiento; es decir, apunta a las fuentes y a los modos de acceso al conocimiento y a los tipos de evidencia, aunado al compromiso del hablante o evaluación epistémica. La presente investigación tiene el propósito de analizar los recursos lingüísticos que utilizan escritores expertos y escritores en formación para expresar la modalidad epistémica y la evidencialidad en la sección conclusiones del artículo de investigación. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo hemos constituido un corpus de cuarenta y ocho (48) artículos: veinticuatro (24) artículos publicados por escritores expertos y veinticuatro (24) artículos producidos por escritores en formación, en los campos de la Psicología y la Educación. Los hallazgos muestran que en la sección conclusiones es evidente la alta ocurrencia de estrategias de ocultamiento y atenuación en los textos de escritores expertos, en relación con una menor ocurrencia de estos mismos recursos lingüísticos en las conclusiones escritas por escritores en formación. Se concluye que los resultados de este estudio tienen una implicación directa en las estrategias que utiliza el experto en escritura académica para orientar a sus estudiantes en la escritura de textos disciplinares, y más aún, en la escritura de artículos científicos.

Los marcadores de modalidad epistémica y evidencial son partículas discursivas conversacionales que se usan para indicar la fuente/certeza del hablante sobre lo dicho. En esta investigación se analizan estos recursos en el corpus diacrónico Habla culta de Caracas 1973-2011 (Guirado 2018), con el propósito de: (i) ofrecer un inventario de estas partículas; (ii) incluir nociones de fuente y certeza no consideradas en la tipología de Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999); (iii) comparar la distribución en ambos períodos; y (iv) identificar preferencias y usos restringidos a la variedad dialectal. Los resultados muestran importantes cambios en el uso de estos marcadores en la microdiacronía estudiada. Entre las nociones propuestas, los marcadores de fuente exofórica son más abundantes en el habla culta actual de Caracas. Adicionalmente, las marcas epistémicas prototípicas del español estándar son desplazadas por algunas partículas gramaticalizadas, distintivas del habla espontánea en Venezuela (para mí, como, como que, de repente, así/ahí consensual).

The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the pragmalinguistic analysis must be used as yet another tool by translators. In fact, it can become essential when determining the best equivalent for phraseological discourse markers such as il n'y a pas à dire, whose translation from French into Spanish entails a great deal of complexity for different reasons: impossibility of making a literal translation of the sequence, coexistence of the sequence either functioning as a free combination of words or fixed as an epistemic marker, and limitations in the consulted lexicographic and translational resources. In order to tackle these difficulties, we suggest taking the conclusions of the pragmalinguistic analysis in the source language as a base, which will clarify the distinctive features of its functioning in discourse and help to establish a number of valid equivalents for its translation into Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo, centrado en los discursos Contra Timarco, Sobre la embajada fraudulenta y Contra Ctesifonte de Esquines y Sobre la Corona y Sobre la embajada fraudulenta de Demóstenes, analiza el funcionamiento de un grupo de evidenciales en enunciados irónicos para examinar la relación que los evidenciales pueden tener con la expresión lingüística de la ironía en griego antiguo.

El cinismo y el quinismo son actitudes antitéticas que pueden materializarse discursivamente a través del grado de opinión de la modalidad epistémica. En este trabajo proponemos cuatro enunciados arquetípicos que representan múltiples opiniones respecto a la idoneidad o inconveniencia de que el catalán y el castellano acaparen los espacios y usos sociolingüísticos en Cataluña y en las cuales están presentes los componentes cínico y quínico. Estos elementos, que privilegian a una u otra lengua, no aparecen aisladamente, sino que se da una lucha entre ambas actitudes en la que una de ellas matiza la efectividad de la otra. Tomamos la perspectiva del Análisis Crítico del Discurso porque las ideologías que reproducen las relaciones de poder entre las lenguas se manifiestan discursivamente. Mediante esta perspectiva, dividimos los enunciados en segmentos separados ideológicamente y señalamos cuál de ellos se ha de atacar para construir ideologías lingüísticas favorables a la lengua minorizada.

En este trabajo nos ocuparemos de un grupo de expresiones formadas con el vocablo capaz usadas para indicar la probabilidad de que el contenido proposicional sea verdadero (ej., Es que capaz que venga/viene, Capaz que venga/viene y Capaz viene/venga). Dada la falta de coincidencia en las descripciones de capaz que ofrecen los diccionarios y la gramática para estas expresiones, en este estudio abordaremos el vocablo capaz con el objetivo de esclarecer el número y el estatus gramatical de las unidades léxicas que lo forman, así como posibles diferencias en sus valores semánticos (y/o pragmáticos). Desde el punto de vista sintáctico, comprobaremos, por un lado, si las expresiones objeto de análisis forman estructuras monoclausales o biclausales y qué rasgos de capaz lo asocian a la categoría de los adjetivos y cuáles a la de los adverbios. Por otro lado, analizaremos su distribución dentro de la oración observando su posición sintáctica, su compatibilidad con otras expresiones del mismo tipo y su capacidad o no para formar enunciados independientes. Los resultados del análisis nos permitirán determinar el alcance de esta/s unidad/es, que será un elemento clave para determinar su número, estatus gramatical, valores semánticos y nivel de análisis en que se sitúa/n.

MONOGRAFÍA: ENSEÑANZA DE LA GRAMÁTICA EN ELE: RESULTADOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y NUEVAS PROPUESTAS El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, a partir de un enfoque interlingüístico, centrado en el polaco y el español, un acercamiento al análisis de la expresión de la modalidad epistémica en las dos lenguas. La modalidad epistémica en los dos idiomas que constituyen el interés del estudio se expresa de manera diferente, lo cual plantea toda una serie de problemas durante el proceso de aprendizaje del español por parte de estudiantes polacos. El polaco opta en más casos, en comparación con el español, por medios léxicos, la utilización de determinados verbos y adverbios parentéticos. Tales recursos los utiliza también el español que, además, se vale del modo subjuntivo, que típicamente junto con un verbo modal o un adverbio modal puede ser uno de los medios de expresión de la modalidad epistémica. El artículo se centra en presentar la organización de los recursos utilizados por ambos idiomas a la hora de expresar la modalidad epistémica; se presentan sus rasgos comunes y distintivos y, por último, se facilita una visión comparativa de las formas empleadas en cada lengua. ABSTRACT The aim of this study, based on an interlinguistic approach and centered on Polish and Spanish, is to evaluate the analysis of the expression of the epistemic modality in both languages. The epistemic modality in the two languages is expressed differently, which raises a whole series of problems during the process of learning Spanish by Polish students. The Polish language opts in more cases, in comparison with Spanish, for lexical means and the use of certain verbs and parenthetical adverbs. Such resources are also used by Spanish, which, however, also uses the subjunctive mode, which typically together with a modal verb or a modal adverb can be one of the means of expression of the epistemic modality. This paper focuses on presenting a possible way of organizing the resources used by both languages when expressing the epistemic modality; its common and distinctive features are presented and, finally, a comparative vision of the forms used in each language is provided.

Este libro contiene diversos artículos que abordan varios fenómenos asociados con la modalidad epistémica o evidencial. En conjunto, constituye una obra que deja evidencia de la complejidad del tema, ya sea por su vinculación con otras categorías lingüísticas, como con otras nociones que se desprenden a partir del estudio de distintas lenguas y bajo diversas perspectivas. Es de destacar la diversidad de las corrientes teóricas presentadas, y miradas del fenómeno en cuestión: semántica formal, funcionalismo, estudios tipológicos y pragmáticos. Además, es de notar el aporte que constituye para la temática en cuestión el mapa lingüístico ofrecido, constituido por lenguas germanas, romances, bálticas, eslavas y lenguas no indoeuropeas. Pero más notorio es el aporte de grupos tipológicos de lenguas no indoeuropeas, como son las lenguas mayas, kogi e ika, algunas de las cuales han recibido poca atención hasta el momento.

Copyright of Philologica Canariensia is the property of Philologica Canariensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo nos proponemos describir algunos fenómenos lingüísticos que contribuyen a crear la incertidumbre en el texto literario. En particular, analizaremos distintas estrategias narrativas que configuran lo siniestro (Freud, 1919) en un texto que, si bien es un relato de autor, utiliza los modos de decir propios de la leyenda tradicional de transmisión oral: “El Monte de las Ánimas”, de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. El efecto inquietante que produce esta leyenda en el lector es resultado de múltiples fenómenos analizados por la teoría literaria (como los estudios del género fantástico). No obstante, queremos proponer un abordaje basado en algunas nociones provenientes del campo de la lingüística y del análisis del discurso como factores determinantes de este efecto. Trataremos tres aspectos: el discurso reproducido (Maldonado, 2001) o la representación del discurso ajeno (Authier-Revuz, 2003), la modalidad epistémica que informa sobre el conocimiento del enunciador frente a los hechos mencionados (Nuyts, 2001; García Negroni & Tordesillas Colado, 2001) y los verbos evidenciales que dan cuenta del modo de obtención de la información por parte del locutor (Aikhenvald, 2004), en especial los casos de evidencia indirecta transmitida, el folklore o saber popular (Willett, 1988). A nuestro entender, la articulación de estos tres elementos constituyen un posible camino de descripción del efecto mencionado.

La modalidad epistémica es una noción cognitiva que se vincula con la visión del mundo del hablante, en concreto, con su juicio subjetivo sobre la veracidad de lo enunciado. Para indicar una evaluación epistémica, podemos utilizar en español recursos lingüísticos muy heterogéneos pertenecientes al plano léxico. Actúan de manera gradual. A pesar de que el chino y el español pertenecen a lenguas de raíces distintas, las expresiones epistémicas en español pueden traducirse al chino sin ninguna dificultad y sin perder matices. Por otro lado, hay expresiones epistémicas propias de ambas lenguas que no tienen equivalentes directos en la otra. En este caso, su relación de equivalencia es indirecta.

Copyright of Pragmalingüística is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Universidad de Cadiz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In some cases, the Spanish imperfect can implicitly make reference to the indirect speaker's knowledge about the situation expressed in his utterance (modal function), thus marking an external information source without mentioning it (evidential function). In this way, the speaker dissociates himself from the content of his utterance and the truth-value of the utterance is constrained. In this contribution a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the modal and evidential function of the Spanish imperfect based on the Corpus of the Real Academia Española (CREA) of the section 'periódicos' and of the peninsular Spanish will be made. The modal and evidential use of the Spanish imperfect will be explained and analyzed through some representative examples (qualitative analysis) and statistical data about theses uses will be provided (quantitative analysis). Furthermore, it will be observed if the Spanish imperfect can express the modal and evidential function by its own or if it needs some contextual elements at the sentence level which corroborate the modal and evidential meaning. Both for the qualitative and quantitative corpus punctual and perfective verbs, such as reconocer ('to recognize'), ascender ('to rise'), pagar ('to pay'), morir ('to die') and estallar ('to explode') have been chosen because they combine better with the perfective form (cf. NGLE 2009: 1763) and their uses in the imperfective form (in the Spanish imperfect) is very uncommon. It will be also proved if their uses in the Spanish imperfect can motivate some modal and evidential function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a group of expressions containing the vocable capaz ‘able’ used to communicate the probability the propositional content coming true (ex., Es que capaz que venga ~ viene «it is possible that s/he comes», Capaz que venga ~ viene «possible that s/he comes» and Capaz viene ~ venga «possible s/he comes»). Since descriptions of capaz in dictionaries and in the grammar are varied and lack consensus, this study will focus on the expressions of probability containing capaz with the aim to clarify the number of lexical units within the vocable, their grammatical status as well as possible semantic (and/or pragmatic) differences. From the syntactic viewpoint, it will be firstly verified whether the expressions under analysis are mono-clausal or bi-clausal structures; secondly it will be also examined which properties of capaz are associated with the category of adjectives and which ones with the category of adverbs. The distribution of capaz within the sentence paying special attention to its syntactic position, its compatibility with other expressions of the same type and its capacity to constitute independent statements will be also analysed. The results will allow for determining the scope of this/these unit/s, which will be a key factor to ascertain the number, grammatical status and semantic values of capaz, as well as the level of analysis where it is (or they are) located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture Crossroads is the property of University in Riga, Latvian Academy of Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Lingüística is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present study is to provide a first classification of the many meanings and functions of the multifunctional Italian adverb magari to serve as a guide to its correct usage for learners of Italian as a foreign language, specifically Spanish speakers. Indeed, the current monolingual and bilingual lexical tools that have been researched do not seem to provide thorough coverage of all the expressive possibilities offered by the adverb magari at the discourse level. An analysis conducted of expressly collected examples has revealed some interesting facts. Firstly, of all the functions that the adverb can perform, the aletich modality, which is not mentioned in the dictionaries consulted, is actually the most frequently used, at least in oral communication, as demonstrated by corpus analyses as well. Secondly, the use of magari to introduce optatives in combination with a subjunctive verb – that is to say, its original function – does not appear in the analyzed corpora at all.

The article analyses the development of attenuation functions in different uses of creo in colloquial conversations. This propositional attitude verb, the most polysemic and polyfunctional one in its category, has been traditionally considered an attenuating device because it can be used by speakers to convey distancing from their message. However, the fact that it is a subjectifier in its first person form could be understood as a contradiction with its function being primarily attenuating. This paper explores the semantic and pragmatic values of the different uses of creo in order to determine what triggers attenuation. 215 examples from two conversational corpora, VAL.ES.CO. 2002 and VAL.ES.CO. 2.0, have been analysed. The results suggest that the attenuating function of creo is a consequence of pretending strategies used by the speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the relation between epistemic modality and imprecision. These concepts have been related when analyzing the periphrasis , when it holds a similar meaning of aproximadamente. This imprecision meaning has been considered a variety of modality and, in particular, a case of epistemic modality (Fernández de Castro, 1999; Camus, 2006). However, we show that does not perform as an epistemic periphrasis and, hence, it may not be considered as such. Then, we think that imprecision and epistemic modality are not interchangeable. Though the perifrasis is a slack regulator, such as aproximadamente, it is not an epistemic periphrasis. We make a semantic analysis of based on Sauerland and Stateva's (2007) analysis of slack regulators and explain how this proposal can account for distributional properties of this periphrasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se investiga el llamado “condicional de rumor” (CR) en español, forma típica del discurso periodístico, como en El primer ministro renunciaría en las próximas horas. Los rasgos modales, y particularmente los valores evidenciales de esta forma verbal se discuten a partir de una visión deíctica de la evidencialidad basada en Bermúdez (2006). El CR se compara con otro uso de la forma verbal condicional, típica del discurso científico, con el que a menudo se confunde, como en juventud sería el lapso que media entre la madurez física y la madurez social. Se propone que el CR es un marcador de información de tercera mano, mientras que el “condicional científico” indica información de segunda mano y acceso cognitivo a la fuente de información. El análisis funciona asimismo como una evidencia indirecta de la adecuación de la visión deíctica de la evidencialidad. Original recibido: 2016/01/27 Dictamen enviado al autor: 2016/03/24 Aceptado: 2016/05/19

Este artículo analiza la modalidad epistémica asertiva (expresión de la certeza) en un conjunto de noticias científicas sobre el hallazgo paleontológico del llamado Hombre de Orce, aparecidas en El País entre 1983 y 1997. El descubrimiento era un pequeño fragmento craneal que se atribuyó inicialmente al homínido más antiguo hallado en Eurasia, si bien los análisis posteriores indicaron que podría tratarse en realidad de un équido. Describe las formas lingüísticas de tipo léxico, los contenidos semánticos (credibilidad, verificación, convicción y confirmación) y las funciones retóricas epistemológica y social de modalizadores del tipo tajantemente, verificación, creer, ratificar, poder afirmar. El estudio revela que en el corpus analizado dichos marc a d o res de certeza se emplean sobre todo para transmitir seguridad y fiabilidad al destinatario en el caso de tesis fuertemente refutadas. In this article I analyze assertive epistemic modality (expression of certainty) in a series of scientific news reports on the paleontological discovery of the so-called Hombre of Orce, published in El País between 1983 and 1977. The discovery of a small skull fragment was initially attributed to the oldest hominoid found in Eurasia, yet later analyses indicated that it might really be from an equidae. I describe linguistic forms of the lexical type, the semantic contents (credibility, verification, conviction and confirmation) as well as the social and epistemological rhetorical functions of modalizers such as tajantemente, verificación, cre e r, ratificar, poder afirm a r. The study reveals that in the analyzed corpus these markers of certainty are mainly used to transmit confidence and reliability to the reader in the case of the strongly refuted thesis.

Copyright of Moenia: Revista Lucense de Lingüística & Literatura is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Lingüística de el Colegio de México is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper addresses the aspectual restriction that blocks present oriented epistemic readings for nonstative predicates. Different languages show a similar pattern, among them Spanish, which will be our focus of study. Using a formalist frame, we propose that this restriction derives from the temporal conditions of predicate evaluation and the possibility of being coordinated with the punctual speech time. States are evaluable in points of time, while events must cover an interval (Hallman, 2010). The article develops some empirical consequences of this idea, leading to the claim that two classes of states must be distinguished: pure states and interval states (Dowty, 1979; Jaque, 2014). Finally, we present the formal correlates that our hypothesis has in the syntactic-semantic representation of the verbal phrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bibliography about types of evidentiality has hardly dealt with the relationship between the sense of smell and the speaker's level of epistemic certainty. The present paper, the aim of which was to analyze that relationship, has used an semantic analysis to prove that the sense of smell (expressed by means of the Spanish verb oler) not only can act as a source of variable epistemic modality information but also can have uses associated with mirativity (the expression of an unexpected or surprising piece of knowledge). Attention is additionally paid to the diachronic uses of oler which show that its evidential uses have become lexicalized from complex cognitive processes such as subjectivization or metaphorical structuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper seeks to study the way in which the interpretation is determined in the Spanish AL + infinitive construction. The reading of these adjuncts can be temporal or causal. Some previous studies (Rigau 1993; Alonso-Ovalle 2002) have attributed the interpretative disparity to purely semantic reasons, while others (Rigau 1995; Hernanz 1999; Martines 2000) have described the phenomenon without delving too deep in the syntactic details that influence the reading. The aim of this analysis is to approach the problem of the interpretation considering facts of syntactic order. I will claim that the reading is fixed depending basically on two factors: 1) the kind of topological relation that is established in each case - in temporal adjunction, the C head selects an IP as its ground; on the contrary, in the causal adjunction the ground is an XP, a projection between IP and CP that blocks temporal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las perífrasis de pudiera + inifinitivo en el español de México tienen predominantemente un sentido epistémico. Se relaciona este significado con la función modal de indicativo irreal de la forma en -ra, según el sistema modo-temporal de Alexandre Veiga. Se comprueba que su condición indicativa y la no anterioridad originaria influyen en el sentido epistémico más que la función modal de irrealidad. Las modalidades de raíz de pudiera están más asociadas al modo subjuntivo. Se combina el sistema modo-temporal de Alexandre Veiga con las modalidades de re y de dicto, compatibles con las teorías contemporáneas de la modalidad.

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Lingüística is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistica is the property of Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper I examine the function and the use of un poco and of its morphological alterations (un poquito, un poquitín, etc.) in different levels: in speech acts, in propositions, in speech, in social relationship established between speaker and hearer, and, finally, in context. Theoretical framework of the analysis is, primarily, modality, a notion applying to utterances and indicating the compromise level which the speaker maintains in respect of the utterance faithful. Secondly, I refer to mitigation within the most general theory of Politeness, in which this is a strategy to modulate speech act effects (Lakoff, 1972; Caffi, 1999, 2002, 2007). Here I examine the function of un poco from a semantic-pragmatic perspective also taking into account discourse's dimensión and the situations in which they occur. To study the phenomenon, I use real conversations' data proceeding by the Corpus de Conversaciones Coloquiales Val.Es.Co and by the Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual CREA, to which I add some fragments proceeding by conversations that I recorded and transcribed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]