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Purpose: This longitudinal study analyzes the impact of the digital economy on economic growth in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s countries, divided into groups by their level of development (transition and innovation countries). Originality/value: Empirical studies on information and communications technology (ICT)'s impact on countries' economic growth have increased over the last few years. However, there are still no studies that analyze this problem for the group of OECD countries, let alone divide these countries according to their level of economic development to assess the differences between more developed countries and less developed. The study of this gap in the literature allows us to infer important implications for policymakers to implement the digital agenda more efficiently. Design/methodology/approach: We used a panel data sample from the World Bank covering 36 OECD countries from 2000 to 2019. A statistical analysis of the variables was carried out separately for all OECD countries and the transition and innovation countries groups. We then performed a correlation analysis between the variables, and three models were estimated using the generalized moments panel method (GMM) using a fixed cross-section. Findings: The impact of the digital economy as measured by the technology proxy -- internet, mobile phone, and fixed-broadband -- on the economic growth of OECD countries depends on their level of development and the measures of the technologies that capture the digital economy. ICTs positively influence the development of the economies of OECD countries and can be used as instruments by policymakers. These agents must implement policies that strengthen the physical and technological infrastructures of the ICTs, the digital empowerment of human capital, and more significant social equity in accessing the ICTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Objetivo: A transição de uma economia baseada em produtos para uma economia baseada em serviços é bem reconhecida. Nesse contexto, a inovação em serviços (IS) ganhou força por parte dos estudiosos. Além disso, um grande desafio associado à mudança da centralização no produto para uma orientação a serviços é a estruturação do processo de gestão do conhecimento (GC) para que as empresas se mantenham competitivas. Este estudo buscou identificar raízes teóricas, trajetórias de pesquisa e temas para propor caminhos futuros neste campo. Originalidade/valor: Empiricamente, o estudo apresenta elementos sobre IS e GC ao conceituar, validar e discutir a integração do campo. O estudo também lança luzes sobre as raízes teóricas e identifica os principais temas de pesquisa na literatura. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Esta pesquisa revisou 144 publicações na intersecção entre IS e GC, bem como realizou duas análises bibliométricas – análise de cocitação e análise de coocorrência – e uma revisão qualitativa para criticar os resultados quantitativos obtidos. Resultados: Esta pesquisa contribui para a compreensão do domínio de três maneiras principais. Em primeiro lugar, as raízes teóricas mostraram que o campo é caracterizado por dois grupos de referências citadas: publicações no período nascente (antes de 2010) e no período emergente (após 2011). Em segundo lugar, a metanálise mostrou cinco estudos pioneiros e revelou dois importantes pontos de virada na literatura, sugerindo as próximas etapas de pesquisa. Em terceiro lugar, foram identificados quatro temas de pesquisa distintos: 1. gestão da inovação (innovation management), 2. inteligência de negócios (business intelligence), 3. compartilhamento de conhecimento (knowledge sharing), e 4. governança (governance). Finalmente, os resultados destacaram temas de pesquisa para futuros estudos revolucionários de métodos qualitativos, quantitativos e mistos, tanto de forma teórica quanto empírica. / ABSTRACT Purpose: The transition from a product-based to a service-based economy is well recognized. In this context, service innovation (SI) has gained momentum among scholars. Despite that, a significant challenge associated with the shift from product-centeredness to a service orientation is structuring the knowledge management (KM) process for companies to remain competitive. This study sought to identify theoretical roots, research trajectories, and themes to propose future avenues in this field. Originality/value: Empirically, this study presents elements for SI and KM by conceptualizing, validating, and discussing the field’s integration. The study also sheds light on theoretical roots and identifies the main research themes in literature. Design/methodology/approach: A review of 144 publications was performed at the intersection between SI and KM. The study conducted two bibliometric analyses – co-citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis – and a qualitative one to criticize the obtained quantitative results. Findings: This research contributes to the domain’s understanding in three major ways. First, theoretical roots showed that the field is characterized by two groups of references: publications in the nascent period (before 2010) and emergent period (after 2011). Second, the metaanalysis showed five pioneering studies and revealed two crucial turning points in the literature, suggesting the following research stages. Third, four distinct research themes were identified: 1. innovation management, 2. business intelligence, 3. knowledge sharing, and 4. governance. Finally, the results highlighted research topics for future groundbreaking qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies, both theoretically and empirically. Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo longitudinal analisa o impacto da economia digital no crescimento econômico dos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), que foram divididos em grupos de acordo com o seu nível de desenvolvimento (países em transição e em inovação). Originalidade/valor: Estudos empíricos sobre o impacto das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) no crescimento econômico dos países vêm sendo desenvolvidos nos últimos anos. No entanto, ainda não existem estudos que analisem esse problema para o conjunto de países da OCDE, muito menos esses países estiveram divididos de acordo com seu nível de desenvolvimento econômico, permitindo avaliar as diferenças entre os mais desenvolvidos e os menos desenvolvidos. O estudo dessa lacuna existente na literatura permite inferir implicações importantes para os decisores políticos implementarem a agenda digital de forma mais eficiente. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Utilizou-se uma amostra de dados em painel, recolhida pelo Banco Mundial, que abrange os 36 países da OCDE e o período de 2000 a 2019. Realizou-se uma análise estatística das variáveis para todos os países da OCDE e separadamente para países em transição e países em inovação. Em seguida, realizou-se uma análise de correlação entre as variáveis e foram estimados três modelos pelo método do painel de momentos generalizados (GMM) com as diferenças entre países fixas. Resultados: O impacto da economia digital medida pela proxy de tecnologia – internet, telefone móvel e banda larga fixa – no crescimento econômico dos países da OCDE depende do seu nível de desenvolvimento e das medidas das tecnologias que capturam a economia digital. As TIC influenciam positivamente o desenvolvimento das economias dos países da OCDE e podem ser usadas como instrumentos pelos formuladores políticos. Esses agentes devem implementar políticas que fortaleçam as infraestruturas físicas e tecnológicas das TICs, o empoderamento digital do capital humano e a maior equidade social no acesso às TICs./ ABSTRACT Purpose: This longitudinal study analyzes the impact of the digital economy on economic growth in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s countries, divided into groups by their level of development (transition and innovation countries). Originality/value: Empirical studies on information and communications technology (ICT)’s impact on countries’ economic growth have increased over the last few years. However, there are still no studies that analyze this problem for the group of OECD countries, let alone divide these countries according to their level of economic development to assess the differences between more developed countries and less developed. The study of this gap in the literature allows us to infer important implications for policymakers to implement the digital agenda more efficiently. Design/methodology/approach: We used a panel data sample from the World Bank covering 36 OECD countries from 2000 to 2019. A statistical analysis of the variables was carried out separately for all OECD countries and the transition and innovation countries groups. We then performed a correlation analysis between the variables, and three models were estimated using the generalized moments panel method (GMM) using a fixed cross-section. Findings: The impact of the digital economy as measured by the technology proxy – internet, mobile phone, and fixed-broadband – on the economic growth of OECD countries depends on their level of development and the measures of the technologies that capture the digital economy. ICTs positively influence the development of the economies of OECD countries and can be used as instruments by policymakers. These agents must implement policies that strengthen the physical and technological infrastructures of the ICTs, the digital empowerment of human capital, and more significant social equity in accessing the ICTs.

The development of the digital economy and the emergence of new technologies are changing the way of doing business. In recent foreign direct investment (FDI) studies, factors in addition to conventional ownership-location-internalisation (OLI) factors have been explored to enrich the FDI model. This study looks at the roles of information and communications technology (ICT) telecommunication infrastructure on FDI in Malaysia. The two-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach is used. To overcome the limitations of the dynamic panel model on the "small groups" problem, this study uses five three-year average data for the period between 2002 to 2016, and the Windmeijer finite-sample correction, the robust standard errors for estimation. The results show a significant positive role of mobile telephony on FDI. Besides, institutional factors are found to have significant impacts on FDI. The findings indicate the importance of the institutional framework and ICT telecommunication infrastructure, which can be jointly used with the OLI paradigm to explain factors driving FDI in the new economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Prescription methadone or buprenorphine enables people with opioid use disorder to stop heroin use safely while avoiding withdrawal. To ensure methadone is taken as prescribed and to prevent diversion onto the illicit market, people starting methadone take their daily dose under a pharmacist’s supervision. Many patients miss their daily methadone dose risking withdrawal, craving for heroin and overdose due to loss of heroin tolerance. Contingency management (CM) can improve medication adherence, but remote delivery using technology may be resource-light and cost-effective. We developed an innovative way to deliver CM by mobile telephone. Software monitors patients’ attendance and supervised methadone consumption through an internet self-login at the pharmacy and sends reinforcing text messages to patients’ mobile telephones. A linked system sends medication adherence reports to prescribers and provides early warning alerts of missed doses. A pre-paid debit card system provides financial incentives. Methods A cluster randomised controlled trial design was used to test the feasibility of conducting a future trial of mobile telephone CM to encourage adherence to supervised methadone in community pharmacies. Each cluster (drug service/3 allied pharmacies) was randomly allocated to provide patient’s presenting for a new episode of opiate agonist treatment (OAT) with either (a) mobile telephone text message CM, (b) mobile telephone text message reminders, or (c) no text messages. We assessed acceptability of the interventions, recruitment, and follow-up procedures. Results Four drug clinics were approached and three recruited. Thirty-three pharmacists were approached and 9 recruited. Over 3 months, 173 individuals were screened and 10 enrolled. Few patients presented for OAT and high numbers were excluded due to receiving buprenorphine or not attending participating pharmacies. There was 96% consistency in recording medication adherence by self-login vs. pharmacy records. In focus groups, CM participants were positive about using self-login, the text messages, and debit card. Prescribers found weekly reporting, time saving, and allowed closer monitoring of patients. Pharmacists reported that the tablet device was easy to host. Conclusion Mobile telephone CM worked well, but a planned future trial will use modified eligibility criteria (existing OAT patients who regularly miss their methadone/buprenorphine doses) and increase the number of participating pharmacies. Trial registration The trial is retrospectively registered, ISRCTN 58958179 .

Objective: To evaluate speech understanding in noise and patient satisfaction using the new Cochlear Wireless Phone Clip device. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine experienced cochlear implant (CI) users (>6 months usage) were situated in a soundproof room where a 65 dB SPL Spanish cocktail noise was generated continuously from 4 loudspeakers. Lists of disyllabic words were presented through the clinic landline telephone to the patients. Patients were tested first holding the phone and then with the Cochlear Phone Clip© paired to the CP910 using various mixing ratios (2:1, 4:1, and Phone Clip© only). Results: Statistically significant (P <.001) improvement of speech recognition performance was found in cell phone usage by wireless transmission and also when using this new device. Kepler questionnaire results showed that before using Phone Clip in everyday life, 55.2% of patients described themselves highly or greatly affected by their deafness for telephone use and 80% moderately to greatly affected. Kim questionnaire results showed statistically significant differences (P <.001) in the subjective satisfaction of the Bluetooth-implemented CI compared to the conventional mode for sound quality, noise interference, and sound accuracy. Conclusions: The wireless Phone Clip© device helps implanted people to improve subjective and objective speech recognition performance through the phone in noisy environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technology has brought about a revolution in the communication process. The revolution started with the emergence of desktop computers in the 1980's. Today, the Internet and social media have brought about a 360-degree change in the communication process. The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of secondary school teachers in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria on the impact of ICT deployment for communication efficiency in the teaching and learning process. The population for the study was teachers in five secondary schools in the state. Simple random sampling was used, and 120 teachers were chosen for the sample. Three-way cross tabulation (crosstabs) and means were used to show association between variables and analysis of the research questions. The results from this study show that ICT media such as the computer and the Internet, have a significant impact on communication efficiency in the teaching and learning process by facilitating clarity, ease, speed, security and prompt feedback in the communication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prescription methadone or buprenorphine enables people with opioid use disorder to stop heroin use safely while avoiding withdrawal. To ensure methadone is taken as prescribed and to prevent diversion onto the illicit market, people starting methadone take their daily dose under a pharmacist's supervision. Many patients miss their daily methadone dose risking withdrawal, craving for heroin and overdose due to loss of heroin tolerance. Contingency management (CM) can improve medication adherence, but remote delivery using technology may be resource-light and cost-effective. We developed an innovative way to deliver CM by mobile telephone. Software monitors patients' attendance and supervised methadone consumption through an internet self-login at the pharmacy and sends reinforcing text messages to patients' mobile telephones. A linked system sends medication adherence reports to prescribers and provides early warning alerts of missed doses. A pre-paid debit card system provides financial incentives. Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial design was used to test the feasibility of conducting a future trial of mobile telephone CM to encourage adherence to supervised methadone in community pharmacies. Each cluster (drug service/3 allied pharmacies) was randomly allocated to provide patient's presenting for a new episode of opiate agonist treatment (OAT) with either (a) mobile telephone text message CM, (b) mobile telephone text message reminders, or (c) no text messages. We assessed acceptability of the interventions, recruitment, and follow-up procedures. Results: Four drug clinics were approached and three recruited. Thirty-three pharmacists were approached and 9 recruited. Over 3 months, 173 individuals were screened and 10 enrolled. Few patients presented for OAT and high numbers were excluded due to receiving buprenorphine or not attending participating pharmacies. There was 96% consistency in recording medication adherence by self-login vs. pharmacy records. In focus groups, CM participants were positive about using self-login, the text messages, and debit card. Prescribers found weekly reporting, time saving, and allowed closer monitoring of patients. Pharmacists reported that the tablet device was easy to host. Conclusion: Mobile telephone CM worked well, but a planned future trial will use modified eligibility criteria (existing OAT patients who regularly miss their methadone/buprenorphine doses) and increase the number of participating pharmacies. Trial registration: The trial is retrospectively registered, ISRCTN 58958179. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the past decade, mobile telephone use has surged in sub-Saharan Africa, creating new opportunities in health care. Mobile telephone interventions have been used in controlled trials to improve perinatal care, but in this first cohort study of birth outcomes from The Gambia, we report the value of mobile telephone follow-up. Methods: Between December 2012 and November 2015, 1,611 women entered the cohort at their first antenatal visit to be followed through pregnancy and beyond. Potential risk factors for adverse birth outcomes were measured throughout the pregnancy. As many women left the health center within a few hours of delivery, delivered elsewhere, or failed to attend the postnatal clinics, mobile telephone follow-up was used to identify stillbirths and neonatal deaths at 7 and 28 days. Results: The immediate birth outcome was known for 968 women who delivered at the health center (60.1%). The known outcomes at birth improved from 60.1% to 85.2% following telephone calls to women who delivered elsewhere. The known outcomes at 7 days improved from 43.6% to 82.5%, and the known outcomes at 28 days improved from 32.8% to 71.5% following a telephone call. Conclusions: Previous cohort studies of birth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa have not followed the mothers and babies after leaving the birth facility. This cohort is the first to record birth outcomes up to 28 days after the birth. Mobile telephone communications have made an invaluable contribution in intervention studies. This study has shown that mobile telephone follow-up is also an important tool in an observational study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish which Social Cognitive Theory constructs mediated effects of the MobileMums (MMP) program on increased duration and frequency of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in women with young children (<5 years). Methods: This secondary data analysis is from a community-based randomised controlled trial. Over 12 weeks, intervention participants received a minimum of 52 individually tailored text messages, one face-to-face and one telephone-delivered session with a trained behavioural counsellor. Participants identified a support person who also received 12 weeks of individually tailored text messages. Control participants received minimal intervention contact. Data were collected pre- and post-program. Five potential mediators were assessed: barrier self-efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancies, perceived environmental opportunity for physical activity and social support for physical activity. Results: Improvements in MVPA frequency were mediated by improvements in barrier self-efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancies and perceived social support. Improvements in MVPA duration resulting from the MMP were mediated by improvements in women's barrier self-efficacy and goal setting skills. Conclusions: MMP improved targeted theoretical constructs and this led to changes in women's MVPA. These findings are valuable for refinement and translation of the MMP and for further research to create theory- and evidence-based physical activity behaviour change programs for women with young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Online and mobile telephone applications (‘apps’) have the potential to improve the scalability of effective interventions for suicidal ideation and self-harm. The aim of this review was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of digital interventions for the self-management of suicidal ideation or self-harm. Methods Seven databases (Applied Science & Technology; CENTRAL; CRESP; Embase; Global Health; PsycARTICLES; PsycINFO; Medline) were searched to 31 March, 2017. Studies that examined the effectiveness of digital interventions for suicidal ideation and/or self-harm, or which reported outcome data for suicidal ideation and/or self-harm, within a randomised controlled trial (RCT), pseudo-RCT, or observational pre-test/post-test design were included in the review. Results Fourteen non-overlapping studies were included, reporting data from a total of 3,356 participants. Overall, digital interventions were associated with reductions for suicidal ideation scores at post-intervention. There was no evidence of a treatment effect for self-harm or attempted suicide. Conclusions Most studies were biased in relation to at least one aspect of study design, and particularly the domains of participant, clinical personnel, and outcome assessor blinding. Performance and detection bias therefore cannot be ruled out. Digital interventions for suicidal ideation and self-harm may be more effective than waitlist control. It is unclear whether these reductions would be clinically meaningful at present. Further evidence, particularly with regards to the potential mechanisms of action of these interventions, as well as safety, is required before these interventions could recommended.

Background/aims: Contingency management (CM) interventions have gained considerable interest due to their success in the treatment of addiction. However, their implementation can be resource‐intensive for clinical staff. Mobile telephone‐based systems might offer a low‐cost alternative. This approach could facilitate remote monitoring of behaviour and delivery of the reinforcer and minimize issues of staffing and resources. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed the evidence for the effectiveness of mobile telephone‐delivered CM interventions to promote abstinence (from drugs, alcohol and tobacco), medication adherence and treatment engagement among individuals with substance use disorders. Design A systematic search of databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase) for randomized controlled trials and within‐subject design studies (1995–2019). The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Setting: All included studies originated in the United states. Participants: Seven studies were found, including 222 participants; two targeted alcohol abstinence among frequent drinkers and four targeted smoking cessation (in homeless veterans and those with post‐traumatic stress disorder). One targeted medication adherence. Measures: The efficacy of CM to increase alcohol and nicotine abstinence was compared with control using several outcomes; percentage of negative samples (PNS), quit rate (QR) and longest duration abstinent (LDA) at the end of the intervention. Findings The random‐effects meta‐analyses produced pooled effect sizes of; PNS [d = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63–1.25], LDA (d = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.69–1.46) and QR (d = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27–0.66), demonstrating better outcomes across the CM conditions. Most of the studies were rated as of moderate quality. 'Fail‐safe N' computations for PNS indicated that 50 studies would be needed to produce a non‐significant overall effect size. None could be calculated for QR and LDA due to insufficient number of studies. Conclusion: Mobile telephone‐delivered contingency management performs significantly better than control conditions in reducing tobacco and alcohol use among adults not in treatment for substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to unearth the dynamics of telephone closedown ritual in Farsi in terms of pre-closing and terminal exchanges in non-institutional settings and to compare them with similar sequences in American English. The participants were native Farsi speakers living in Iran. The analysis of the data from 39 mundane mobile phone calls, informed by Conversation Analysis, suggests that as in English, in the closing-implicative environment where the core business of the call is accomplished, occasioning the move toward closing, some pre-closing signals such as bâshe (ok) , kheili khob (alright) , and kho(b) bâshe (ok then), foreshadow initiation of closing, providing the possibility for parties to interactionally bring calls to closure, shade them or even topicalize something new. However, unlike American English in which tokens such as ok and alright could be used in closing- and non-closing-implicative environments alike, the frequently-used token of bâshe bâshe (ok ok) can be potentially closing-relevant and the interrogative form kâri nadâri? (Anything else?) and endearment terms, tied to closedown ritual, regularly warrant shutting calls down, severely limiting the possibility of shading the current topic-in-progress and effectively precluding the possibility of topicalizing something new, which makes a strong case for their language- or culture-specificity. • Investigating telephone conversation closedown as an under-researched area. • Investigating telephone conversation closedown in Farsi, an area not investigated already. • Testing the validity of universality claims made based on American English. • Revealing language- or culture-specificity of some closedown mechanisms in Farsi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze the regulation of the mobile application based transport network companies (ERT) in Mexico City (cdmx), through the public action approach proposed by Lascoumes and Le Galés (2014), based on official documents and hypertexts, reconstructing the process occurred during the period from 2013 to 2017, which gave way to legal operation. Concluding on how the configuration of public action and the final settlement established led to the legitimation and legalization of ERT'S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of diffusion process of mobile telephone service and the competitive relationships between mobile and fixed-line services in Guatemalan telecommunications market. We investigated the best-suited model to explain the diffusion process of mobile telephone in Guatemala by estimating diffusion curves using empirical data. Moreover, we explored affecting factors which characterize the diffusion pattern of mobile telephony in Guatemala through statistical analysis. Finally, in order to understand the effects of competition in the diffusion process of Guatemalan mobile phone service, we attempted to clarify the competitive relationship between mobile and fixed-line services using the Lotka-Volterra model. As a result, the logistic model was found to be the best model for describing the diffusion pattern. Moreover, investment in telecommunications, the subscribers of fixed-line services, and the number of operators in mobile market were found as significant determinants of mobile diffusion process. Results from the Lotka-Volterra model showed that the relationship between mobile and fixed-line services has changed from pure competition to amensalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]