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The present article aims to reconstruct one of the titles borne by Khusraw Parvīz’s commander-in-chief (sipahbad), generally known to the sources as Shahr-barāz, ‘The Wild Boar of the Kingdom’. The title that is the object of this study is variously given as Farrukhān, Farruhān, and Khurrahān in Islamic sources, and as Khoṙeam in an Armenian chronicle. Two New Persian literary texts, the Shāhnāma (composed between the late tenth and early eleventh century) and the Mujmal al-tawārīkh wa’l qiṣaṣ (begun in 520/1126), offer two forms that certainly originate from a misreading of the title in its Pahlavi and Arabo-Persian spellings, respectively. Such erroneous forms, however, are useful for ascertaining the original form of the title. Only Farrahān, meaning ‘glorious, endowed with farr/farrah’, an adjective derived from farrah ‘glory, divine charisma’ and the adjectival suffix ‑ān, matches all the attested forms.

Theory of world literature used to stand extensively on the premises of translatability and readability through which works of literature become recognized as world literature. However, one alternative avenue of theoretical investigation for the ways literatures achieve global avowal is through the other chances offered by “misreading,” “mistranslation” and “untranslatability.” Untranslatability is a relatively new means of inspection in literary studies and criticism, which revisits the act of translation by re-considering the moments of failure, resistance, and impossibility of translation. If translatability has been regarded as the only and secure road to synthesize globally recognized literature, yet untranslatability might also enhance the possibility of supplementing literary worldliness. The article tests and investigates the chances of universalizing and canonizing literature through the spectrum of misreading and mistranslation by applying such notions in the cases of Borges and Kafka.

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En la actualidad, el contexto global cuenta con un conjunto de teorías y escuelas del derecho provenientes de diferentes contextos. Algunos de esos contextos se consideran como sitios de producción teórica y otros como sitios de recepción, por lo cual hay quienes proponen iusteorías y otros que las acogen como consecuencia de un proceso trasnacional. Ese proceso de interacción entre diferentes sitios se conoce como el trasplante iusteórico, el cual plantea la posibilidad de enfrentar elementos textuales, extratextuales y metatextuales de los diferentes sitios involucrados en el proceso. Como consecuencia de esta interacción, los sitios de recepción generan mutaciones de las teorías construidas en los sitios de producción y esto es denominado como el misreading. Aunque para los productores la mutación tiene un alcance negativo, para los receptores puede ser en sí misma una nueva teoría.

The present study deals with an interpretive debate, dating back to the 1940s, between the philosopher Lucian Blaga and the theologian Dumitru Stăniloae. The fundamental studies on which this controversy is reconstructed are Blaga's Religie și spirit/ Religion and Spirit (1942) and Stăniloae's reaction in Poziția d-lui Lucian Blaga față de creștinism și ortodoxie/ The Position of Mr. Lucian Blaga on Christianity and Orthodoxy (1942). I demonstrate some interpretative collisions, emerged from hermeneutical misreading, from the different ideological positions of the two in the context of the 4th decade of the last century and from conceptual differences, such as the relations between religion-style and religion-revelation. I also distinguish two different positions, that of Stăniloae, which refers to the ethical and ethnical relationship of Orthodoxy to "Romanianness", and the philosophical, poly-systemic, exo-centric and dialogical perspective of the Blagian gnoseological system, which places the mystery of creation and the metanoic force of faith at the center of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues in favor of misreading as a creative act. There is something involuntary in every creative act, and this involuntariness is itself a force of creation that arrives at the threshold of every act of repetition in and through time. Creativity is always shaped by unexpected encounters with ideas, arguments, and artworks. My defense of misreading as a creative act, however, asks for a broader description of contingency that includes accidents, misprisions, and fortuitous faults in memory generating flights of fancy and unbidden and unexpected imaginative analogies. These erosions of intention by internal or external events are one way of anticipating the freedom for new creation. Before it is expressed in actions, creativity arises in imagination, and to those open to it, imagination is fed by both the inner contingencies arising in memory and imagination and the outer contingencies of surprise encounters with ideas, texts, and other creative works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The student's ability to understand evolutionary studies is determined by representing a phylogenetic tree or cladogram. This study aims to determine the tree thinking ability, especially the students' reading ability in interpreting the cladogram. This descriptive study involved 29 students as subjects. Students are selected by purposive random sampling, only students who have attended and studied evolution courses. The data collection instrument used tests and interview guidelines. The test questions consist of 20 multiple choice questions with five answer choices. The difficulty level of the questions used includes understanding, applying, analyzing, and evaluating. The phylogenetic tree interpretation refers to four indicators, including the most recent common ancestor (MRCA), monophyletic group, branch proximity, contemporary descendant, and counting the branch or nodes position. The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Anates-V4, then presented in percentage form. The results showed that many students misinterpreted the cladogram. Furthermore, errors in cladogram interpretation occurred in monophyletic group indicators (38%), most common ancestor (59%), branch proximity (41%), contemporary ancestry (39%), and branch position calculations (53%). These results indicate that misreading of analysis in cladogram interpretation is moderate to high, so it is necessary to formulate the most appropriate way to teach phylogenetic studies in evolution.

1. Misidentification of marked individuals is unavoidable in most studies of wild animal populations. Models commonly used for the estimation of survival from such capture–recapture data ignore misidentification errors potentially resulting in biased parameter estimates. With a simulation study, we show that ignoring misidentification in Cormack–Jolly– Seber (CJS) models results in systematic positive biases in the estimates of survival and in spurious declines of survival over time. 2. We developed an extended robust design capture mark–resight (RDM) model that includes correct identification parameters to get unbiased survival estimates when resighting histories are prone to misidentification. The model assumes that resightings occur repeatedly within a season, which in practice is often the case when resightings of colour-marked individuals are collected. We implemented the RDM model in a state-space formulation and also an approximate, but computationally faster, model (RDMa) in JAGS and evaluated their performances using simulated and empirical capture–resight data on black-tailed godwits Limosa limosa. 3. The CJS models applied to simulated data under an imperfect identification scenario data produced strongly positively biased estimates of survival. For a range of degrees of correct identification probabilities, the RDM model provided unbiased and accurate estimates of survival, reencounter and correct-identification probabilities. The RDMa model performed well for large datasets (>25 individuals), with high resighting (>0.3) and high correct identification(>0.7) probabilities. For the empirical data, the CJS model estimated average juvenile survival at 0.997% and adult survival at 0.939% and also detected a strong decline in adult survival over time at a rate of −0.14 ± 0.029. In contrast, the RDMa model estimated a probability of correct identification of 0.94, annual juvenile survival at 0.234%, adult at 0.834% and less strong decline over time (−0.046 ± 0.016). 4. We conclude that estimates of survival probabilities obtained from data that include misidentification errors and analysed with standard CJS model are unlikely to be correct. The bias in survival increases with the magnitude of misidentification errors, which is inevitable as datasets become longer. Since misidentification due to tag misreads is common in empirical data, we recommend the use of the here presented RDM model to provide unbiased parameter estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have recently identified point mutation V336Y in mitoribosomal protein Mrps5 (uS5m) as a mitoribosomal ram (ribosomal ambiguity) mutation conferring error-prone mitochondrial protein synthesis. In vivo in transgenic knock-in animals, homologous mutation V338Y was associated with a discrete phenotype including impaired mitochondrial function, anxiety-related behavioral alterations, enhanced susceptibility to noise-induced hearing damage, and accelerated metabolic aging in muscle. To challenge the postulated link between Mrps5 V338Y-mediated misreading and the in vivo phenotype, we introduced mutation G315R into the mouse Mrps5 gene as Mrps5 G315R is homologous to the established bacterial ram mutation RpsE (uS5) G104R. However, in contrast to bacterial translation, the homologous G → R mutation in mitoribosomal Mrps5 did not affect the accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Importantly, in the absence of mitochondrial misreading, homozygous mutant MrpS5G315R/G315R mice did not show a phenotype distinct from wild-type animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying the reception history of the Bible, should students be asked to suspend judgment on a particular interpretation for the sake of the pedagogical goals of the course? Or is their judgment essential to the process of learning and understanding? This essay explores the pedagogical puzzle of right interpretation and wrong interpretation through the context of my classroom, where neither the troubling events of a nation in turmoil nor our own social, religious, and cultural locations as readers could be bracketed from the learning environment, despite my best efforts. In particular, this essay integrates the approach outlined by Gary Weissman, who argues for an embrace of student misreading in his book The Writer in the Well. His suggestion that misreading and rewriting are fundamental to the process of understanding is provocative, and its application to biblical studies presents special challenges, but this paper argues for its relevance to the pedagogical puzzle at hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article covers the contribution reading and stories (children's literature) have made to reading, its study, its material world, and the implications for teaching and learning to read -particularly with picturebooks – at the heart of that practice. It first explores the category of children's literature as a possible 'lie', but also its special contributions: animal story or fable as a 'creativity and criticality genre' par excellence, attracting artists and writers of extraordinary talent, frequently breaking boundaries, and unashamedly taking partisan positions on matters of identity formation and socio-political justice. Distinctive experiments in crosswriting and originality are cited, and the material poetics, or 'thingness' of books, from the constructivist tradition onwards, as one of children's literature's leading innovations. The article then engages with the role children's literature has played in the 'reading wars', including teaching strategies and governmental policies for learning to read; the controversies and competitive tensions inherent in the metrics and mechanisms of reading 'for the test' or for pleasure. After decades of reader-response theory emphasising the active roles of the reader and the text, the piece concludes with a plea to re-describe reading for new, screen-based, visual literacies offering linear, radial, spatial forms of reading, or reader-as-player. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article focuses on transatlantic female quixotism, as enacted by Tabitha Tenney’s heroine, Dorcasina Sheldon. I argue that quixotism can be read as an interface between the events of the story and the Federalist conservative discourse that underlies them. In doing so, I claim that, in terms of gender, the heroine’s misreading of romances transforms her into a political tool whereby the ideals of female freedom and agency, social mobility, gender equality, racial equity and abolitionism-effective under Thomas Jefferson’s administration-are satirically depicted and seen as delusory in post-Revolutionary America. In terms of generic categories, I will show how Female Quixotism blurs the epistemological boundaries between truth and fiction by juxtaposing novel and romance, used interchangeably, with history.

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Šine-Usu Inscription is the most voluminous one with 50 lines among the Uighur inscriptions. Although most parts of this inscription can be well understood, many words and sentences in the south and west sides are not so. These sides are now severely damaged. W..GšNG in the 4th line of the west side has been differently interpreted by researchers. The author regards xNùx±±v W..GšNG as a misreading for xNùx±±N N..GšNG, and amends it as xNùx[vL]N N[LW]GšNG an[lu]γšanïγ, suggesting that the letter groups TKGWYILKA ...... N[LW]GšNGYWwKïKILms in this line should be read as taqïγu yïlqa ...... an[lu]γšanïγ yoq q͜ ïlmïš "In the Fowl year (= 757), ...... allegedly he (or they) eliminated Anluγšan (= An Lushan)". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing presence in our social life, we can still observe a certain academic omission about comics as a form of art and communication. This article aims to contribute to the methodological discussion in the hermeneutics of comics through three distinct stages: a brief exposition of the different trends in the study of comics and comic books in general; a detailed critical exposition of the different interpretive forms used so far for the analysis of superhero comic books; and a possible methodological proposal for the critical analysis, that here we have come to denominate "critical-material genealogy", that solves the impasse to which these methodologies have arrived by articulating the uniqueness of the work with the conditions of its occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an important model for determining the frequency of translational misreading events, those in which a tRNA pairs incorrectly to the mRNA and inserts an amino acid not specified by the codon in the mRNA. Misreading errors have been quantified in vivo using reporter protein systems or mass spectrometry with both approaches converging on a simple model for most misreading. The available data show that misreading tRNAs must form stereotypical base mismatches that correspond to those that can mimic Watson–Crick base pairs when formed in the ribosomal A site. Errors involving other mismatches occur significantly less frequently. This work debunks the idea of an average misreading frequency of 5 × 10−4 per codon that extends across the genetic code. Instead, errors come in two distinct classes—high frequency and low frequency events—with most errors being of the low frequency type. A comparison of misreading errors in S. cerevisiae and Escherichia coli suggests the existence of a mechanism that reduces misreading frequency in yeast; this mechanism may operate in eukaryotes generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Tadvin fi Zekr-e Ahlol’elm Beqazvin is a valuable and precious book by Imam al-Din Abdulkarim bin Mohammad bin Abdulkarim al-Rafe’ei. Unfortunately, this book has not attracted the attention of scholars and researchers as much as it deserves. The only corrected and printed version of this work has been published by Azizollah Atarodi and is available in the market. For the first time, he corrected and published this book in India’s Heidarabad in 1362. The newest imprint of this book has been published in 1391 by Atarod Publication. In spite of numerous imprints, unfortunately many mistakes such as misreading, omission of words or parts of sentences, writing errors, publishing mistakes, etc can still be seen in this book. On the other hand, the new imprint not only does not decrease the mistakes of previous imprints in many instances but, compared to early imprints, it has more mistakes. By the aid of authentic and available manuscripts of this work, this paper aims to reveal several problems and ambiguities of this text which are only explicable by the aid of its manuscript.

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of misprision was originally defined by Harold Bloom in his 1973 edition of The Anxiety of Influence. The term itself was not unknown to Shakespeare, who used it in one of his sonnets. The American critic considers that value and originality are the result of a strong misreading on the part of the most talented writers, a misreading resulting from an anxiety that permeates the artist's relation with his or her great predecessors, and which he names "poetic misprision". Our aim in this paper is to study some of the ways in which Shakespeare 'misreads' mythological stories by creating theatrical performances where drama mirrors itself in a sort of mise-en-abyme meant to enhance meaning and to transgress borders between genres or between past and present visions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Said, perhaps the most important post-colonial critic, has passed a negative judgment on E. M. Forster's A Passage to India. The faults he finds match those alleged by the reigning modernist consensus on the novel: mysticism, incomprehensibility, insignificant Indian characters and a reactionary style and politics. The word "failure" is appropriated from Virginia Woolf and repeated often; the word "dwarf" is misappropriated from the novel itself and defines a whole school of Forster's critics. This article demonstrates that these strictures of Said and modernist readers are based on misreadings of the novel's protagonist, its concern with mystical experience, its form, style and politics. With the help of a few dissenting critics, evidence from the text of the novel and the narrative theory of Aspects of the Novel, the article then delineates an approach to the novel which shows the full artistry of A Passage to India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tabarestan history is a very valuable book full of historical and geographical issues, Persian and Arabic literature, etymology and philology, science of dignitaries, tales, Shiite studies etc, and covers a vast range of studies especially it is a unique book with regard to historical and literary tales about the liberalist movements which have been leaded by great figures entitled as âSeyedâ. Though covering a vast domain of knowledge and information, unfortunately this book has not been considered by scholars and researchers as much as it deserves. One of the fields which has not been considered at all is the correction and printed version of this valuable work. The only available printed version of this book has been published by Abbas Iqbal Ashtiani in 1321 (AH) and its great advantage is using of the manuscript belonging to pre-tenth century which now there is no trace of it in the indices of manuscripts unfortunately. Anyway, the author aims to take a more precise look at the only available correction of this book and consequently many suggestions and selections of the corrector in the text of the book have been explored critically in order to offer the reader the correct record.

Misreading-tashif- being interpreted as an alteration in the dots and letters of a word while keeping its original structure is one of the corruptions of written sources which is also noticeable in the sources of history of Islam. It is included a numerous samples of misreading in the name of companions of Prophet Mohammad in the sources related to them as well as the Prosopography’ books and the ignorance of them leads to some difficulties in the comprehension of historical propositions concerning the life of prophet. Investigating the sources of Prosopography, this writing has tried to study the reasons of misreading and its varieties in the name of companions and to clarify the denotations of misreading, moreover, following the consideration of consequences of misreading in the comprehension of the life of prophet; it proposes the ways of identification of misreading to the researchers.

The Romanian generation of 1848 was one of the most receptive generations regarding the French classical episteme and its esthetical principles. From Gheorghe Asachi or Ion Heliade Rădulescu to Grigore Alexandrescu or Alexandru Odobescu, the autochthonous writers have fervently pronounced themselves for and/or against the French Classicism, which has become the programmatic scope for the legitimation of their own literary or ideological options. Both the compliance and the controversy between the Romanian literary universe and the French classical dogma repeatedly hide some situations where the misreading works (are more or less deliberate) as a legitimate mechanism, "capable" of motivating the orientations which were supported by important names of the literary universe in order to be enforced on the cultural horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the Daoist metaphysical masters' hermeneutic misreading of the Confucian classics during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Applying the concept of misreading as the theoretical guideline, we will first analyze the three important supporting columns of Confucian literary theory: the importance of virtue/morality, the authority of literary sages and the ontology of the classics, and then we will examine the metaphysical masters' subversion of the Confucian classics by misreading with their Daoist literary theory and concepts. In their hermeneutic misreading of the Confucian classics, the metaphysical masters in fact fused the original concepts of the Confucian classics with their contemporary Daoist hermeneutics, and the result of such a fusion is that the original meanings as the signified parted from the signifiers-the texts of the classics themselves-and were turned into repositories of contemporary Daoist meanings. In such a hermeneutic misreading, the Daoist theorists forced the Confucian theory and its ontology to gloomily withdraw from the cultural center, and gradually took the spotlight on the historical stage of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In their open attitudes and flexible system, the metaphysical theorists constructed an age of enlightenment for the development of literary theory. With their hermeneutic misreading, the metaphysical literary theorists indeed broke through the world of Confucianism, won the right of expression, and voluntarily moved toward the self-fulfillment of their own system in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]