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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. The purpose of this research was to assess miR-223, miR-146a, and miR-193a in acute and chronic phases of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice to consider the possible role of these genes in the pathogenesis of MS. EAE induction was given by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide on female C57BL/6 mice. Clinical scores and other criteria were followed daily until day 21 for the acute group and day 77 for the chronic group. At the end of the course, inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) were assessed by histological analysis. MicroRNA expression levels were assessed by real-time PCR. EAE development attenuated in the chronic group, and histological analysis showed less infiltration and demyelination in the chronic group compared to the acute group. The upper expression of miR-223 is demonstrated in the acute phase of EAE. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-193a decreased in the chronic phase of EAE. MiR-223 showed a highly coordinated elevation in the acute phase both in vivo and in vitro. MiR-146a shares a pathway with miR-223 through effecting IL-6 expression. Further studies are needed to reveal their impact on EAE and possible applications as drug targets and biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the potential correlation between miR‐223 and NAcHT, LRR, and PYd domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) in the context of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (RIRI), which is a leading cause of acute renal failure with significant mortality rates. Additionally, miR‐223 has been implicated in renal inflammation, further highlighting its relevance to this study. C57BL/6 male mice were used as RIRI models. After successful modeling, pathological examinations and serum creatinine and miR‐223 levels were tested. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, NLPR3, TLR4) expression was detected in mice by western blot (kidney tissue) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (serum). HK‐2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was used, and miR‐223 and pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels were detected using PCR and western blot assays, respectively. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the binding of miR‐223 to NLPR3. Next, NLRP3 was knocked down to determine whether the anti‐inflammatory function of miR‐223 is dependent on NLRP3. MiR‐223 expression was lower in RIRI mice than in the sham operation group. The level of miR‐223 negatively correlated with serum creatinine levels and the severity of tubule injury. Increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in RIRI mice were observed. In vitro, miR‐223 alleviated the inflammatory response in H/R treated cells by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Dual‐luciferase reporter and western blot assays confirmed the binding of miR‐223 to NLRP3. NLRP3 knockdown reversed the anti‐inflammatory effects of miR‐223 in HK‐2 cells. MiR‐223 plays an anti‐inflammatory role in RIRI by targeting NLRP3 to repress pro‐inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We investigated the potential correlation between miR‐223 and NAcHT, LRR, and PYd domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) in the context of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (RIRI), which is a leading cause of acute renal failure with significant mortality rates. Additionally, miR‐223 has been implicated in renal inflammation, further highlighting its relevance to this study. C57BL/6 male mice were used as RIRI models. After successful modeling, pathological examinations and serum creatinine and miR‐223 levels were tested. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, NLPR3, TLR4) expression was detected in mice by western blot (kidney tissue) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (serum). HK‐2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was used, and miR‐223 and pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels were detected using PCR and western blot assays, respectively. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the binding of miR‐223 to NLPR3. Next, NLRP3 was knocked down to determine whether the anti‐inflammatory function of miR‐223 is dependent on NLRP3. MiR‐223 expression was lower in RIRI mice than in the sham operation group. The level of miR‐223 negatively correlated with serum creatinine levels and the severity of tubule injury. Increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in RIRI mice were observed. In vitro, miR‐223 alleviated the inflammatory response in H/R treated cells by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Dual‐luciferase reporter and western blot assays confirmed the binding of miR‐223 to NLRP3. NLRP3 knockdown reversed the anti‐inflammatory effects of miR‐223 in HK‐2 cells. MiR‐223 plays an anti‐inflammatory role in RIRI by targeting NLRP3 to repress pro‐inflammatory factors.

Background: This study aimed to analyse the expression of microRNA-223 (miR-223) in embryo culture medium and its correlation with pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Two hundred and two patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) were divided into clinical pregnancy group (n=101) and non-pregnant group (n=101). The baseline data, clinical indicators, and the expression level of miR-223 in the embryo medium were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between each index and the pregnancy outcome. Receiver operator characteristic curve was carried out to evaluate the differential ability of miR-223 in pregnancy status. Bioinformatics methods were used to identify the target genes of miR-223 and elucidate their functions. Results: Compared with pregnancy group, the non-pregnancy group exhibited a reduction in miR-223 expression (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that miR-223 reduction was an independent factor for pregnancy failure (p<0.05). The ROC curve demonstrated the discriminative capability of miR-223 in distinguishing pregnancy and non-pregnancy. In addition, bioinformatics analysis indicated that the target genes of miR-223 were predominantly located in the endocytic vesicle membrane and were primarily enriched in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathways. Conclusion: In this study, levels of miR-223 in the embryo culture medium predicted pregnancy outcomes in subjects undergoing IVF/ICSI. Low expression of miR-223 was a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by extensive demyelination and inflammatory responses. Facilitating the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) within microglia contributes to creating a microenvironment that favors neural recovery and provides essential materials for subsequent remyelination. Therefore, investigating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lipid homeostasis after SCI and elucidating their potential mechanisms in promoting LDs clearance in microglia have become focal points of SCI research. Methods We established a subacute C5 hemicontusion SCI model in mice and performed transcriptomic sequencing on the injury epicenter to identify differentially expressed genes and associated pathways. Confocal imaging was employed to observe LDs accumulation. Multi-omics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA post-SCI. Pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed using bioinformatics methods, revealing miR-223-Abca1 as a crucial miRNA-mRNA pair in lipid metabolism regulation. BV2 microglia cell lines overexpressing miR-223 were engineered, and immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and other techniques were employed to assess LDs accumulation, relevant targets, and inflammatory factor expression, confirming its role in regulating lipid homeostasis in microglia. Results Histopathological results of our hemicontusion SCI model confirmed LDs aggregation at the injury epicenter, predominantly within microglia. Our transcriptomic analysis during the subacute phase of SCI in mice implicated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (Abca1) as a pivotal gene in lipid homeostasis, cholesterol efflux and microglial activation. Integrative mRNA-miRNA multi-omics analysis highlighted the crucial role of miR-223 in the neuroinflammation process following SCI, potentially through the regulation of lipid metabolism via Abca1. In vitro experiments using BV2 cells overexpressing miR-223 demonstrated that elevated levels of miR-223 enhance ABCA1 expression in myelin debris and LPS-induced BV2 cells. This promotes myelin debris degradation and LDs clearance, and induces a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Conclusions In summary, our study unveils the critical regulatory role of miR-223 in lipid homeostasis following SCI. The mechanism by which this occurs involves the upregulation of ABCA1 expression, which facilitates LDs clearance and myelin debris degradation, consequently alleviating the lipid burden, and inhibiting inflammatory polarization of microglia. These findings suggest that strategies to enhance miR-223 expression and target ABCA1, thereby augmenting LDs clearance, may emerge as appealing new clinical targets for SCI treatment.

Abstract Background Lipid droplet (LD)-laden microglia is a key pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis. The recent discovery of this novel microglial subtype, lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia (LDAM), is notable for increased inflammatory factor secretion and diminished phagocytic capability. Lipophagy, the autophagy-mediated selective degradation of LDs, plays a critical role in this context. This study investigated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lipophagy during demyelinating diseases, assessed their capacity to modulate LDAM subtypes, and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms involved. Methods C57BL/6 mice were used for in vivo experiments. Two weeks post demyelination induction at cervical level 4 (C4), histological assessments and confocal imaging were performed to examine LD accumulation in microglia within the lesion site. Autophagic changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. miRNA and mRNA multi-omics analyses identified differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs under demyelinating conditions and the related autophagy target genes. The role of miR-223 in lipophagy under these conditions was specifically explored. In vitro studies, including miR-223 upregulation in BV2 cells via lentiviral infection, validated the bioinformatics findings. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure LD accumulation, autophagy levels, target gene expression, and inflammatory mediator levels to elucidate the mechanisms of action of miR-223 in LDAM. Results Oil Red O staining and confocal imaging revealed substantial LD accumulation in the demyelinated spinal cord. Transmission electron microscopy revealed increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles at the injury site. Multi-omics analysis revealed miR-223 as a crucial regulatory gene in lipophagy during demyelination. It was identified that cathepsin B (CTSB) targets miR-223 in autophagy to integrate miRNA, mRNA, and autophagy gene databases. In vitro, miR-223 upregulation suppressed CTSB expression in BV2 cells, augmented autophagy, alleviated LD accumulation, and decreased the expression of the inflammatory mediator IL-1β. Conclusion These findings indicate that miR-223 plays a pivotal role in lipophagy under demyelinating conditions. By inhibiting CTSB, miR-223 promotes selective LD degradation, thereby reducing the lipid burden and inflammatory phenotype in LDAM. This study broadens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lipophagy and proposes lipophagy induction as a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate inflammatory responses in demyelinating diseases.

Membranous nephropathy (MN), also known as membranous glomerulonephritis, is a leading cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. The main pathological features encompass the deposition of immune complexes within the glomerular basement membrane epithelial cells, thickening of the basement membrane, and fusion of the foot process. This study aims to investigate the role of the immune and inflammatory modulator miR-223 in the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on membranous nephropathy (MN). miR-223 mimetics or inhibitors was used to regulate miR-223 levels. LPS induced inflammatory cell model and cell polarization. CTX was used to treat Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammatory response and polarization. Cationic bovine serum albumin (c-BSA) induced BALB/c mouse MN model, while CTX was used to treat c-BSA induced MN. The miR-223 level in LPS induced inflammatory model cells was lower than that in control cells. The levels of inflammatory factors in LPS+miR-223 mimetics and CTX+miR-223i cells were lower than those in LPS and miR-223i cells. The protein levels of LPS+miR-223 mimic, CTX+miR-223i macrophage M2 phenotype markers Arginase-1 (Arg1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-4 (IL4) and interleukin-13 (IL13) were significantly higher than those of LPS and miR-223i. The effect of CTX was confirmed in a BALB/c mouse MN model induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (c-BSA). CTX upregulates the expression of miR-223, promotes polarization of M2 macrophages, alleviates the inflammatory response and renal injury of MN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by extensive demyelination and inflammatory responses. Facilitating the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) within microglia contributes to creating a microenvironment that favors neural recovery and provides essential materials for subsequent remyelination. Therefore, investigating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lipid homeostasis after SCI and elucidating their potential mechanisms in promoting LDs clearance in microglia have become focal points of SCI research. Methods: We established a subacute C5 hemicontusion SCI model in mice and performed transcriptomic sequencing on the injury epicenter to identify differentially expressed genes and associated pathways. Confocal imaging was employed to observe LDs accumulation. Multi-omics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA post-SCI. Pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed using bioinformatics methods, revealing miR-223-Abca1 as a crucial miRNA-mRNA pair in lipid metabolism regulation. BV2 microglia cell lines overexpressing miR-223 were engineered, and immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and other techniques were employed to assess LDs accumulation, relevant targets, and inflammatory factor expression, confirming its role in regulating lipid homeostasis in microglia. Results: Histopathological results of our hemicontusion SCI model confirmed LDs aggregation at the injury epicenter, predominantly within microglia. Our transcriptomic analysis during the subacute phase of SCI in mice implicated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (Abca1) as a pivotal gene in lipid homeostasis, cholesterol efflux and microglial activation. Integrative mRNA-miRNA multi-omics analysis highlighted the crucial role of miR-223 in the neuroinflammation process following SCI, potentially through the regulation of lipid metabolism via Abca1. In vitro experiments using BV2 cells overexpressing miR-223 demonstrated that elevated levels of miR-223 enhance ABCA1 expression in myelin debris and LPS-induced BV2 cells. This promotes myelin debris degradation and LDs clearance, and induces a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Conclusions: In summary, our study unveils the critical regulatory role of miR-223 in lipid homeostasis following SCI. The mechanism by which this occurs involves the upregulation of ABCA1 expression, which facilitates LDs clearance and myelin debris degradation, consequently alleviating the lipid burden, and inhibiting inflammatory polarization of microglia. These findings suggest that strategies to enhance miR-223 expression and target ABCA1, thereby augmenting LDs clearance, may emerge as appealing new clinical targets for SCI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The growing understanding of cancer biology and the establishment of new treatment modalities has not yielded the expected results in terms of survival for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer (LSCC). Early diagnosis, as well as prompt identification of patients with high risk of relapse would ensure greater chance of therapeutic success. However, this goal remains a challenge due to the absence of specific biomarkers for this neoplasm. Methods: Serum samples from 45 LSCC patients and 23 healthy donors were collected for miRNA expression profiling by TaqMan Array analysis. Additional 20 patients and 42 healthy volunteers were included for the validation set, reaching an equal number of clinical samples for each group. The potential diagnostic ability of the such identified three-miRNA signature was confirmed by ROC analysis. Moreover, each miRNA was analyzed for the possible correlation with HNSCC patients' survival and TNM status by online databases Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter and OncomiR. In silico analysis of common candidate targets and their network relevance to predict shared biological functions was finally performed by PANTHER and GeneMANIA software. Results: We characterized serum miRNA profile of LSCC patients identifying a novel molecular signature, including miR-223, miR-93 and miR-532, as circulating marker endowed with high selectivity and specificity. The oncogenic effect and the prognostic significance of each miRNA was investigated by bioinformatic analysis, denoting significant correlation with OS. To analyse the molecular basis underlying the pro-tumorigenic role of the signature, we focused on the simultaneously regulated gene targets—IL6ST, GTDC1, MAP1B, CPEB3, PRKACB, NFIB, PURB, ATP2B1, ZNF148, PSD3, TBC1D15, PURA, KLF12—found by prediction tools and deepened for their functional role by pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed the involvement of 7 different biological processes, among which inflammation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have identified a possible miRNA signature for early LSCC diagnosis and we assumed that miR-93, miR-223 and miR-532 could orchestrate the regulation of multiple cancer-related processes. These findings encourage the possibility to deepen the molecular mechanisms underlying their oncogenic role, for the desirable development of novel therapeutic opportunities based on the use of short single-stranded oligonucleotides acting as non-coding RNA antagonists in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lipid droplet (LD)-laden microglia is a key pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis. The recent discovery of this novel microglial subtype, lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia (LDAM), is notable for increased inflammatory factor secretion and diminished phagocytic capability. Lipophagy, the autophagy-mediated selective degradation of LDs, plays a critical role in this context. This study investigated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lipophagy during demyelinating diseases, assessed their capacity to modulate LDAM subtypes, and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms involved. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were used for in vivo experiments. Two weeks post demyelination induction at cervical level 4 (C4), histological assessments and confocal imaging were performed to examine LD accumulation in microglia within the lesion site. Autophagic changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. miRNA and mRNA multi-omics analyses identified differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs under demyelinating conditions and the related autophagy target genes. The role of miR-223 in lipophagy under these conditions was specifically explored. In vitro studies, including miR-223 upregulation in BV2 cells via lentiviral infection, validated the bioinformatics findings. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure LD accumulation, autophagy levels, target gene expression, and inflammatory mediator levels to elucidate the mechanisms of action of miR-223 in LDAM. Results: Oil Red O staining and confocal imaging revealed substantial LD accumulation in the demyelinated spinal cord. Transmission electron microscopy revealed increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles at the injury site. Multi-omics analysis revealed miR-223 as a crucial regulatory gene in lipophagy during demyelination. It was identified that cathepsin B (CTSB) targets miR-223 in autophagy to integrate miRNA, mRNA, and autophagy gene databases. In vitro, miR-223 upregulation suppressed CTSB expression in BV2 cells, augmented autophagy, alleviated LD accumulation, and decreased the expression of the inflammatory mediator IL-1β. Conclusion: These findings indicate that miR-223 plays a pivotal role in lipophagy under demyelinating conditions. By inhibiting CTSB, miR-223 promotes selective LD degradation, thereby reducing the lipid burden and inflammatory phenotype in LDAM. This study broadens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lipophagy and proposes lipophagy induction as a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate inflammatory responses in demyelinating diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionImmunosuppression is the main cause of the high mortality rate in patients with sepsis. The decrease in the number and dysfunction of CD4+ T lymphocytes is crucial to the immunosuppressed state of sepsis, in turn affecting the development and prognosis of sepsis. Autophagy has been shown to play an important role in the immune imbalance exhibited during sepsis.MethodsIn this study, we modulate the expression of miR-223 in CD4+ T lymphocytes, via the transfection of a mimic or an inhibitor of miR-223 to establish cell models of miR-223 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Levels of autophagy were monitored using a double-labeled lentivirus (mRFP-GFP-LC3) and electron microscopy, and western blot analysis was used to estimate the levels of autophagy-related proteins and FOXO1 in the two cell models after co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and siRNA against FOXO1.ResultsWe found that when the expression of miR-223 increased, FOXO1 expression decreased and autophagy decreased; whereas, when FOXO1 expression was inhibited, autophagy decreased significantly in different cell models after LPS induction.ConclusionThus, this study proved that miR-223 participate in the regulation of LPS-induced autophagy via the regulation of FOXO1 expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes which shed a new light for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation is a characteristic pathological change of Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD). Microglia have been reported to participate in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of microglia released exosome (EXO) contribute to communication within AD microenvironment remains obscure. Methods The interaction between microglia and AD was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to investigate the mechanisms of miR-223 and YB-1. The association between microglia derived exosomal YB-1/miR-223 axis and nerve cell damage were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, ELISA and wound healing assay. Results Here, we reported AD model was responsible for the M1-like (pro-inflammatory) polarization of microglia which in turn induced nerve cell damage. While M2-like (anti-inflammatory) microglia could release miR-223-enriched EXO which reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated nerve damage in AD model in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, YB-1 directly interacted with miR-223 both in cell and EXO, and participated in microglia exosomal miR-223 loading. Conclusion These results indicate that anti-inflammatory microglia-mediated neuroprotection form inflammatory damage involves exporting miR-223 via EXO sorted by YB-1. Consequently, YB-1-mediated microglia exosomal sorting of miR-223 improved the nerve cell damage repair, representing a promising therapeutic target for AD.

Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by large individual differences both in the clinical course and in molecular patterns of expression of genes and regulatory RNAs, which can influence pathological changes. The involvement of regulatory microRNAs miR-155 and miR-223 in the pathogenesis of CLL is fairly well known, but there is insufficient information about possible fluctuations in the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 depending on the time course of pathology development and on parameters of medical treatment. Purpose – to investigate the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 in patients having CLL with different biological and clinical features and different characteristics of treatment in terms of peripheral-blood substrates (plasma, lymphocytes, and extracellular vesicles) and bone marrow. Material and Methods. This work involved samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow from 38 patients with a diagnosis of CLL from the City Hematology Center at the government-funded healthcare institution (Novosibirsk Oblast) City Clinical Hospital No. 2 from the years 2016 to 2017. Assessment of miR-155 and miR-223 expressions was carried out by reverse-transcription real-time PCR according to the TaqMan principle. Significance of differences between groups was evaluated either by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test or by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent pairwise comparisons via the Mann–Whitney test. Results. High variation of the analyzed parameters was found. The expression levels of miR-155 and miR-223 in microvesicles of patients with unfavorable chromosomal anomalies were lower than those in patients with the chromosomal aberrations (or the normal karyotype) associated with a moderate effect on CLL prognosis. The expression level of miR-223 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of untreated patients with CLL was higher than that observed in treated patients. Conclusion. differences in the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-223 were identified depending on chromosomal aberrations and polychemotherapy. Our preliminary results will provide the basis for future larger studies on levels of microRNAs in CLL patients having specific features of the development, clinical course, and treatment of the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of osteoblast-derived exosomes on the biological properties of prostate cancer (PC) cells. Methods Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, and then the exosomes were extracted from the supernatant of cell culture medium by ultracentrifugation and identified. Clone formation assay was employed to determine the effect of derived exosomes on the proliferation of PC cells, and PCR microarray was used to analyze miRNA changes after exosome treatment. Fluorescence labeling was applied to validate the transfer of miRNA between osteoblasts and tumor cells. The impact of key miRNA on the biological characteristics of PC cells was studied at the cellular and animal levels. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the target genes of key miRNA and then further validated. Results Osteoblast-derived exosomes were successfully extracted and then identified. These exosomes significantly promoted the clonogenic ability of PC cells when compared with the cells without treatment (P < 0.05). PCR microarray showed that miR-223 might be a key molecule in this process. Membrane exchange experiments demonstrated the presence of membrane exchange between osteoblasts and PC cells, and miRNA FAM labeling displayed that miR-223 was transferred within above cells. Functional experiments indicated that overexpression of miR-223 enhanced the proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and migration/invasion ability of PC cells (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that APC, an inhibitor of WNT signaling pathway, may be a target gene of miR-223, which was further confirmed that overexpressing miR-223 down-regulated APC expression. Rescue experiment showed that overexpression of APC reversed the promoting effect of miR-223 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells. Conclusion Osteoblast-derived exosomes are pro-carcinogenic factors in PC, and miR-223 may be a key molecule in exosomes, which plays a oncogenic role by regulating APC in PC cells.

Abstract Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the second leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Micro-RNA (miRNA)-223 was first identified as a regulator of hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Later, its diverse roles were discovered in a wide spectrum of pathological conditions. The present study aimed to assess the clinical and prognostic significance of miR-223 in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The study included 93 patients with AIS diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiological findings. In addition, there were 50 healthy subjects who served as controls. Patients were classified into two categories: Those with favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS): 0–2) and others with unfavorable functional outcome (mRS: 3–6) at 6 months post-stroke. Results The present prospective longitudinal study included 93 patients with AIS. They included 60 males (64.5%) and 33 females (35.5%) with an age of 64.5 ± 12.4 years. At the end of 6-month follow up, 44 patients (47.3%) had favorable outcome while the remainder 49 patients (52.7%) had unfavorable outcome. Patients with favorable outcome had significantly lower baseline miR-223 levels [median (IQR): 4.4 (2.0–6.3) versus 8.4 (4.5–14.9), p

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal miR-223 and its combination with CA125 for the diagnosis of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and methods Exosomes derived from the plasma of 78 EOC patients, 40 patients with epithelial benign ovarian tumors, and 52 healthy participants were isolated using the ultracentrifugation method and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot. Results The expression of exosomal miR-223 was significantly upregulated in the plasma of EOC patients compared to that in healthy subjects and patients with benign diseases. The combination of exosomal miR-223 and CA125 from plasma had an equivalent area under the ROC curve (AUC) to CA125 alone for discriminating between EOC and non-EOC cases, including healthy subjects and benign ovarian tumors. However, the AUC value of the combination was 0.944 (95% CI: 0.899–0.990) for differentially diagnosing early-stage EOC from healthy subjects, slightly higher than that of CA125 alone (0.928, 95% CI: 0.875–0.981), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9784 and 0.885, respectively. Conclusion Our data suggest that plasma exosomal miR-223 can be used as a complement to CA125 to increase the diagnostic power for differentiating early-stage EOC from healthy subjects.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the second leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Micro-RNA (miRNA)-223 was first identified as a regulator of hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Later, its diverse roles were discovered in a wide spectrum of pathological conditions. The present study aimed to assess the clinical and prognostic significance of miR-223 in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The study included 93 patients with AIS diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiological findings. In addition, there were 50 healthy subjects who served as controls. Patients were classified into two categories: Those with favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS): 0–2) and others with unfavorable functional outcome (mRS: 3–6) at 6 months post-stroke. Results: The present prospective longitudinal study included 93 patients with AIS. They included 60 males (64.5%) and 33 females (35.5%) with an age of 64.5 ± 12.4 years. At the end of 6-month follow up, 44 patients (47.3%) had favorable outcome while the remainder 49 patients (52.7%) had unfavorable outcome. Patients with favorable outcome had significantly lower baseline miR-223 levels [median (IQR): 4.4 (2.0–6.3) versus 8.4 (4.5–14.9), p < 0.001], lower HbA1c levels (5.6 ± 1.0 versus 6.2 ± 1.2, p = 0.006) and lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [median (IQR): 8.9 (5.1–26.7) versus 15.2 (6.2–39.3) mg/dL, p = 0.02]. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis recognized high baseline miR-223 [OR (95% CI) 1.13 (1.06–1.24), p = 0.011], infarct size [OR (95% CI) 2.58 (1.66–4.77), p = 0.001] and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) [OR (95% CI) 2.11 (1.74–3.09), p = 0.004] as significant predictors of unfavorable outcome in the studied patients. Conclusions: Elevated baseline miR-223 levels are associated with high NIHSS and larger infarct size at baseline and can effectively predict patients' outcome at 6-months post-stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal miR-223 and its combination with CA125 for the diagnosis of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and methods: Exosomes derived from the plasma of 78 EOC patients, 40 patients with epithelial benign ovarian tumors, and 52 healthy participants were isolated using the ultracentrifugation method and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot. Results: The expression of exosomal miR-223 was significantly upregulated in the plasma of EOC patients compared to that in healthy subjects and patients with benign diseases. The combination of exosomal miR-223 and CA125 from plasma had an equivalent area under the ROC curve (AUC) to CA125 alone for discriminating between EOC and non-EOC cases, including healthy subjects and benign ovarian tumors. However, the AUC value of the combination was 0.944 (95% CI: 0.899–0.990) for differentially diagnosing early-stage EOC from healthy subjects, slightly higher than that of CA125 alone (0.928, 95% CI: 0.875–0.981), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9784 and 0.885, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that plasma exosomal miR-223 can be used as a complement to CA125 to increase the diagnostic power for differentiating early-stage EOC from healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Within the poultry industry, hens' reproductive performance is of great economic significance. The development and growth of follicles is a key aspect of hen egg production, and ovarian follicle growth and development are closely associated with granulosa cells (GCs) proliferation and the synthesis of steroid hormones. It has been confirmed by numerous studies that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the steroid hormone synthesis and proliferation of GCs. In this study, we examined the main miRNAs influencing hens' ability to reproduce, identified the miR-223 that is mainly expressed in atretic follicles based on sequencing, and investigated its role in GCs. Then, we used miR-223 mimic and inhibitor to knockdown or overexpress miR-223 expression. The result showed that miR-223 significantly inhibits both the steroid hormone synthesis and the proliferation of GCs. Subsequently, the results of the dual luciferase reporter experiment and bioinformatics prediction demonstrated that cysteine rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1 (CRIM1) was a downstream target gene of miR-223, and overexpression of miR-223 prevented CRIM1 expression. The function of CRIM1 was further investigated, and we observed a significant reduction in the synthesis of steroid hormones and the proliferation of GCs after transfection with CRIM1 siRNA. The opposite function of miR-223 was observed for CRIM1 in our study. Additionally, we demonstrated the involvement of the miR-223/CRIM1 axis in GCs through modulation of the AKT signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate the pivotal role of the miR-223 in the proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of chicken GCs, which helps to explain how non-coding RNA (ncRNA) affects chicken reproductive function.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. The purpose of this research was to assess miR-223, miR-146a, and miR-193a in acute and chronic phases of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice to consider the possible role of these genes in the pathogenesis of MS. EAE induction was given by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide on female C57BL/6 mice. Clinical scores and other criteria were followed daily until day 21 for the acute group and day 77 for the chronic group. At the end of the course, inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) were assessed by histological analysis. MicroRNA expression levels were assessed by real-time PCR. EAE development attenuated in the chronic group, and histological analysis showed less infiltration and demyelination in the chronic group compared to the acute group. The upper expression of miR-223 is demonstrated in the acute phase of EAE. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-193a decreased in the chronic phase of EAE. MiR-223 showed a highly coordinated elevation in the acute phase both in vivo and in vitro. MiR-146a shares a pathway with miR-223 through effecting IL-6 expression. Further studies are needed to reveal their impact on EAE and possible applications as drug targets and biomarkers.

Objective: Investigating the protective effect and mechanisms of downregulating miR-223 expression on the myocardium of mice with septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). Methods: Using a random number table, 27 male SPF C57BL/6 mice aged 8-10 weeks were allocated into different groups: SCM model groups at different time points (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h), Normal group, SCM group, miR-223 antagomir NC group, and miR-223 antagomir group, with 3 mice in each group. The SCM mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 15 mg/kg. The miR-223 antagomir NC group and miR-223 antagomir group received consecutive tail vein injections of miR-223 antagomir NC and miR-223 antagomir, respectively, for 3 days before modeling. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to study the expression of miR-223 in the myocardial tissue of mice in different time point groups of the SCM model. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the myocardial pathological changes in the Normal group, SCM group, miR-223 antagomir NC group, and miR-223 antagomir group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of cTnI, BNP, CK-MB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in mouse serum in the Normal group, SCM group, miR-223 antagomir NC group, and miR-223 antagomir group, and correlation analysis was conducted. Results: In the SCM model groups at different time points, the expression level of miR-223 in the myocardial tissue gradually increased with the extension of stimulation time. Compared to the Normal group, mice in the SCM group, miR-223 antagomir NC group, and miR-223 antagomir group exhibited varying degrees of myocardial damage. The expression levels of cardiac injury markers cTnI, BNP, CK-MB, and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum were elevated, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). When compared to the SCM group, there were no significant differences in various indicators between the miR-223 antagomir NC group (P＞0.05). In the miR-223 antagomir group, the degree of pathological damage in the myocardial tissue was reduced, and the levels of cardiac injury markers cTnI, BNP, CK-MB, and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α decreased, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-223 in mice was positively correlated with the expression of cardiac injury markers cTnI, BNP, CK-MB, and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Conclusion: Downregulation of miR-223 expression can provide protection to the myocardium of SCM mice by alleviating the inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have shown that the M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages (AM) plays a protective role in acute lung injury (ALI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secreted exosomes have been reported to be involved in inflammatory diseases by the effects of polarized M1/M2 macrophage populations. However, whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) derived exosomes could protect from ALI and its mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we explored the role of exosomes from BMMSC in rat AM polarization and the lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) induced ALI rat model. Furthermore, the levels of exosomal miR‐223 in BMMSCs were measured by RT‐qPCR. Additionally, miR‐223 mimics and its inhibitors were used to verify the vital role of miR‐223 of BMMSCs‐derived exosomes in the polarization of M2 macrophages. The results showed that BMMSCs‐derived exosomes were taken up by the AM. Exosomes derived from BMMSCs promoted M2 polarization of AM in vitro. BMMSCs exosomes effectively mitigated pathological injuries, lung edema, and the inflammation of rats from LPS‐induced ALI, accompanied by an increase of M2 polarization of AM in lung tissue. Interestingly, we also found that miR‐223 was enriched in BMMSCs‐derived exosomes, and overexpression of miR‐223 in BMMSCs‐derived exosomes promoted M2 polarization of AM while depressing miR‐223 showed opposite effects in AM. The present study demonstrated that BMMSCs‐derived exosomes triggered alveolar M2 polarization to improve inflammation by transferring miR‐223, which may provide new therapeutic strategies in ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common and leading cause of cancer-related death in women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA fragments that play a role in regulating gene expression including the cancer-related pathways. Although dysregulation of miR-223 has been demonstrated in recent studies to have prognostic value in various cancers, its diagnostic and prognostic role in BRCA remains unknown. Methods: The expression and the prognostic value of miR-223 were evaluated using the TCGA data and verified by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, potential oncogenic targets of miR-223 were identified by using three different miRNA target prediction tools and the GEPIA database. In addition to these databases, protein-protein interaction network, molecular functions, prognostic value, and the expression level of miR-223 targets were included by using several other bioinformatics tools and databases; such as, UALCAN, GeneMANIA and Metascape. Results: The bioinformatic results demonstrated that miR-223 downregulated in BRCA and associated with poor prognosis of patients. In vitro experiments validated that miR-223 significantly downregulated in BRCA cells, MCF-7, SK-BR3, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1500, compared to normal breast cell line hTERT-HME1. Furthermore, ANLN, DYNLT1, LRRC59, SLC12A8 and TPM3 genes were identified as the potential oncogenic target genes of miR-223 based on their expression and prognosis in BRCA. Additionally, protein-protein interaction network of these target genes was mainly enriched in dynein intermediate chain binding, cell division, regulation of cell cycle process, and positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis. Conclusions: The results suggests that miR-223 and its targets, ANLN, DYNLT1, LRRC59, SLC12A8 and TPM3, might be reliable potential prognostic biomarkers in BRCA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-223 in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore their clinical diagnostic value for T2DM. Methods A total of 126 T2DM patients hospitalized in the hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the T2DM group, and 60 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of the hospital during the same period were randomly selected as the healthy control group. The peripheral blood of the two groups was collected, and the expression of plasma miR-146a and miR-223 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between miR-146a and miR-223 and the monitoring indexes of patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve) was used to evaluate its diagnostic value for T2DM. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of miR-146a in the plasma of patients with T2DM increased, and the expression of miR-223 decreased (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-146a and miR-223 in plasma had a certain correlation (r=0.445, P<0.05), and miR-146a was positively correlated with the course of disease. triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterin (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P<0.05). MiR-223 was positively correlated with the course of the disease, and negatively correlated with TG, TC, LDL-C and FPG(P<0.05), but not with body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin (P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of plasma miR-146a and miR-223 in diagnosing T2DM was 0.792 and 0.832, respectively, and the area under the curve of combined detection was 0.917. Conclusion Plasma miR-146a and miR-223 are differentially expressed in patients with T2DM. which can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate effect of STAT3 pathway regulation of miR-223 of inhibition of NLRP3 expression on sepsis inflammation and its mechanism. Methods: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, miR-NC group, miR-223 group and miR-223 inhibitor group, with 10 rats in each group. Pathological morphology of liver and lung tissues in each group were observed. miR-223 expression in liver and lung tissues, expressions of inflammatory cytokines in serum, and protein expressions of STAT3, NLRP3 in liver and lung tissues were detected. Results: Compared with control group, structures of liver and lung tissues were destroyed in remaining groups, while miR-223 group was better than model group; miR-223 expression in liver and lung tissues was decreased in model group （P<0.05）; compared with control group, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in other groups were increased, while IL-10 level was decreased. Compared with model group, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in miR-223 and miRNC groups were decreased, and IL-10 level was increased （P<0.05）. Compared with control group, STAT3 protein expression in liver and lung tissues of other groups were decreased, and NLRP3 protein expression was increased （P<0.05）; compared with model group, STAT3 expression in miR-NC group, miR-223 group and miR-233 inhibitor group were increased, and NLRP3 protein expression was decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with miR-233 group, STAT3 protein expression in miR-233 inhibitor group was increased and NLRP3 protein expression was decreased （P<0.05）. Conclusion: STAT3 pathway inhibits NLRP3 signaling pathway by regulation of miR-223, which can inhibit inflammatory response in septic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the potential effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MINCR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 damage and inflammation through targeted regulation of miR-223. Methods A549 cells were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, LPS+transfection group(Si NC group, Si MINCR group, miR-223 NC group, miR-223 mimic group, Si NC+miR-223 NC group, Si NC+miR-223 antagomir group, Si MINCR+miR-223 NC group, and Si MINCR+miR-223 antagomir group). RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression levels of MINCR and miR-223; Flow cytometry was performed to determine the rate of apoptosis; ELISA was performed to determine the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to verify the targeting relationship of MINCR and miR-223; Western blot was performed to test the expression levels of activated caspase-3 (cleaved caspase-3) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) proteins in the cells. Results There was a targeting relationship between MINCR and miR-223. Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate, the level of TNF-α and IL-6, and the expression of MINCR, cleaved caspase-3 proteins in the LPS group were significantly increased (PPPPPPPConclusions Silencing the expression of lncRNA MINCR may target the activation of miR-223 expression, inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation, and reduce LPS-induced damage of alveolar epithelial cells.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) are small, non-coding RNAs which have become increasingly relevant as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was the investigation of blood-derived miRNAs and their link to long-term all-cause mortality in patients who suffered from non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods: This study was an observational prospective study, which included 109 patients with NSTE-ACS. Analysis of the expression of miR-125a and miR-223 was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The follow-up period comprised a median of 7.5 years. Long-term all-cause mortality was considered as the primary endpoint. Adjusted Cox-regression analysis was performed for prediction of events. Results: Increased expression of miR-223 (>7.1) at the time point of the event was related to improved long-term all-cause survival (adjusted (adj.) hazard ratio (HR) = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.01–0.75; p = 0.026). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis provided sufficient c-statistics (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.58–0.86; p = 0.034; negative predictive value of 98%) for miR-223 to predict long-term all-cause survival. The Kaplan–Meier time to event analysis showed a separation of the survival curves between the groups at an early stage (log rank p = 0.015). Higher plasma miR-125a levels were found in patients with diabetes mellitus vs. in those without (p = 0.010). Furthermore, increased miR-125a expression was associated with an elevated HbA1c concentration. Conclusions: In this hypothesis-generating study, higher values of miR-223 were related to improved long-term survival in patients after NSTE-ACS. Larger studies are required in order to evaluate whether miR-223 can be used as a suitable predictor for long-term all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with keratinocyte hyperproliferation and T cells as key mediators of lesional and systemic inflammatory changes. To date, no suitable differential biomarkers are available for the disease diagnosis. More recently, microRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of lesional and systemic immune changes in psoriasis with diagnostic potential. We have performed expression profiling of T cell-specific miRNAs in 38 plasma samples from psoriasis vulgaris patients and an equal number of age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Our findings have identified a panel of five blood-based circulatory miRNAs with a significant change in their expression levels, comprising miR-215, miR-148a, miR-125b-5p, miR-223, and miR-142-3p, which can differentiate psoriasis vulgaris patients from healthy individuals. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for all five miRNAs individually and in combination exhibited a significant disease discriminatory area under the curve with an AUC of 0.762 and a p < 0.0001 for all the miRNAs together. Statistically, all five miRNAs in combination depicted the best-fit model in relation to disease severity (PASI) compared with individual miRNAs, with the highest R2 value of 0.94 and the lowest AIC score of 131.8. Each of the miRNAs also exhibited a significant association with at least one of the other miRNAs in the panel. Importantly, the five miRNAs in the panel regulate one or more immune-inflammation pathways based on target prediction, pathway network analysis, and validated roles in the literature. The miRNA panel provides a rationalized combination of biomarkers that can be tested further on an expanded cohort of patients for their diagnostic value.

Small noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are vital for the regulation of diverse biological processes. miR-223, an evolutionarily conserved anti-inflammatory miRNA expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, has been implicated in the regulation of monocyte–macrophage differentiation, proinflammatory responses, and the recruitment of neutrophils. The biological functions of this gene are regulated by its expression levels in cells or tissues. In this review, we first outline the regulatory role of miR-223 in granulocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Then, we summarize the possible role of miR-223 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other pulmonary inflammatory diseases to better understand the molecular regulatory networks in pulmonary inflammatory diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of miR-223 on pulmonary lesions and IFN-γ in rats with pulmonary tuberculosis(PT) mechanism of protein expression. Methods Rats were divided into normal group (NC group), pulmonary tuberculosis rat model group (PT group) and pulmonary tuberculosis rat model transfected with miR-223 mimics group (miR-223 group) with 10 in each group. T cells in peripheral blood was quantified by flow cytometry, IFN-γ in serum was detected by ELISA and IL-18 levels, and the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies was counted; the pathological changes of lung tissue were micros copied by HE staining; IFN-γ in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry method; RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-223 mRNA and IFN-γ in lung tissue MRNA expression. Results In PT group, the peripheral blood T cell subsets were disordered, the level of CD3+,CD4+% significantly decreased, and CD8+% was increased (P＜0.05); CD3+ and CD4+ percentage in miR-223 group were higher than those in PT group, while the percentage of CD8+ was lower(P＜0.05). Serum IFN-γ and IL-18 in PT group increased(P＜0.05); the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies in PT group was more than that in NC group (P＜0.05); the colony number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in miR-223 group was significantly less than that in PT group (P＜0.05). Total IFN-γ level in PT group was higher than that in NC group(P＜0.05) but was significantly inhibited in miR-223 group(P＜0.05). Conclusions miR-223 can inhibit the pulmonary inflammatory response caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and miR-223 showed an effect of anti-tuberculosis bacteria and may regulate host immunity, so and can effectively inhibit the expression of IFN-γ in lung tissue and thus alleviates severity of tuberculosis.

Objective：To analyze the expression of microRNA-223 (miR-223) in the ovarian cancer tissue and explore the effect of miR-223 on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cells, and to clarify the molecular regulatory mechanism. Methods：The expression levels of miR-223 in tissue samples taken during surgical removal of 45 patients with ovarian cancer and different ovarian cancer cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, and the expression levels of miR-223 in cancer tissue of the ovarian cancer patients with different clinicopathological features were analyzed. The ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cells were cultured in vitro； bioinformatics, dual luciferase reporter gene experiment and Western blotting method were used to analyze the targeted regulation relationship of miR-223 to N-myc downstream regulatory gene 1 (NDRG1). The OVCAR3 cells were transfected with negative control mimic (NC group), miR-223 inhibitor (MiR in group) and miR-223 inhibitor and siRNA-NDRG1 plasmid at the same time (MiR in+si-NDRG1 group). The number of clone formation was detected by colony formation test, the apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry, and the number of invasion cells was measured by Transwell chamber assay. Results：Compared with adjacent normal tissue the expression level of miR-223 in cancer tissue was significantly increased (P<0. 01)；the miR-223 expression level was closely related to the degree of histological differentiation, FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer patients (P<0. 01). Meanwhile, the expression levels of miR-223 in the different ovarian cancer cells were higher than that in normal ovarian epithelial cells (P<0. 01). MiR-223 could target NDRG1 and inhibit the expression of NDRG1, and the expression level of NDRG1 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue was negatively correlated with the expression level of miR-223 (r= －0. 291, P<0. 01). Compared with NC group, the number of clone formation and the number of invasion cells in MiR in group were decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), while the apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P<0. 01). Compared with MiR in group, the number of clone formation and the number of invasion cells in MiR in + si-NDRG1 group were increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), while the apoptotic rate was decreased (P<0. 01). Conclusion：MiR-223 is highly expressed in the ovarian cancer tissue, which is positively correlated with the severity of ovarian cancer. MiR-223 can promote the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and inhibit apoptosis by targeted inhibition of NDRG1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Sevoflurane is considered as a lung-protective factor in acute lung injury (ALI), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. The present study identified for the first time that sevoflurane ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI through regulating a novel long non-coding RNA LINC00839, and uncovered its regulatory mechanism. Methods LPS-induced ALI models were established in mice or mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs), and they were administered with sevoflurane. Real-Time quantitative PCR, western blot and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen the aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNA and the downstream molecules in sevoflurane-treated ALI models, and their roles in the protection effect of sevoflurane were verified by functional recovery experiments. Results Sevoflurane relieved LPS-induced lung injury, cell pyroptosis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. LINC00839 was significantly suppressed by sevoflurane, and overexpression of LINC00839 abrogated the protective effects of sevoflurane on LPS-treated MPVECs. Mechanismly, LINC00839 positively regulated NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) via sequestering miR-223. MiR-223 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC00839 knockdown on NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in LPS-treated MPVECs. Furthermore, both miR-223 ablation and NLRP3 overexpression abrogated the protective effects of sevoflurane on LPS-treated MPVECs. Conclusion In general, our work illustrates that sevoflurane regulates the LINC00839/miR-223/NLRP3 axis to ameliorate LPS-induced ALI, which might provide a novel promising candidate for the prevention of ALI.

Background/Purpose: MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) is involved in several inflammatory diseases, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and periodontitis. We first described a procedure for purifying miR-223 from gingival crevicular blood (GCB) of pregnant women with or without GDM and periodontitis. This study aimed to determine whether GDM and/or periodontitis modifies miR-223 expression in pregnant women and to analyze miR-223-targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in GCB compared to peripheral blood (PB). Materials and methods: Pregnant women were allocated to 4 groups: 10 women with GDM and periodontitis (GDM/P), 10 women with GDM without periodontitis (GDM/NP), 9 women with periodontitis and without GDM (NGDM/P) and 10 women without either condition (NGDM/NP). Clinical parameters of GDM and periodontal status were examined. GCB and PB were collected to assess miR-223, ICAM-1, IL-1β and β1-integrin gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The GDM/P group demonstrated the highest miR-223 expression levels among the 4 groups in GCB. A significant difference was found between GDM/P and GDM/NP group (P = 0.04). In contrast, the GDM/P showed the lowest miR-223 expression level in PB among the 4 groups. Moreover, ICAM-1 and IL-1β mRNA expression exhibited the opposite trend of miRNA-223, indicating that miRNA-223 might regulate the mRNA function of those genes by epigenetic events. Conclusion: The upregulation of miR-223 expression in GCB but downregulation in PB, ICAM-1 and IL-1β genes expression in women with GDM and periodontitis suggest a promising role of miR-223 in the association between GDM and periodontitis.

As skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body, its damage can directly reflect a decline in somatic function, thus, further affecting daily life and health. Inflammation is a prerequisite for the repair of injured skeletal muscles. Chronic inflammation induced by inadequate repair in skeletal muscle aggravates tissue injury. Exosomes regulate inflammatory responses to facilitate the repair of skeletal muscle injury. Moreover, exosomal miR‐223 with high specificity is the most abundant miRNA in peripheral blood and regarded as biomarkers for inflammation post skeletal muscle injury, which warrants further investigation. Available studies have demonstrated that exosomal miR‐223 negatively correlates with TNF‐α levels in serum and regulates the canonical inflammatory NF‐κB signaling pathway. miR‐223 is a negative feedback regulator with great potential for adjusting inflammatory imbalance and promoting skeletal muscle repair. The research on the regulation of negative feedback factors in the inflammatory signaling pathway is essential in biology and medicine. Therefore, this review mainly elaborates the formation, heterogeneity and markers of exosomes and points out exosomal miR‐223 as a beneficial role in chronic skeletal muscle inflammation and can be expected to be a potential therapeutic target for skeletal muscle damage.

MiR-223 is a miRNA with important functions in apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and inflammation, and it was demonstrated to be over-expressed in brain tissue after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few studies have focused on its role in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). This study evaluated the protective effect of miR-223 on BMECs after stretch injury (SI). bEnd.3 cells (BMECs of mouse) were transfected with overexpressing and blocking lentivirus of miR-223, then were subjected to SI. After immunofluorescence assay, it was demonstrated that miR-223 overexpression significantly rescued the SI-induced loss of ZO-1 (Zonula Occludens 1, tight junction protein) (p < 0.01), while miR-223 blocking exacerbated the loss of ZO-1 (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry confirmed a significant increase in the proportion of apoptotic bEnd.3 cells after SI, and miR-223 overexpression reduced this proportion (p < 0.001). The result of Western blot revealed that miR-223 overexpression significantly reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (cl-caspase 3) (p < 0.05) and RhoB (p < 0.01), while miR-223 blocking increased the expression of these proteins (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Additionally, knockdown of RhoB significantly reduced the expression of cl-caspase 3 (p < 0.001). These findings suggested that miR-223 can alleviate SI-induced apoptosis of BMECs, and this anti-apoptotic effect is at least partially achieved by inhibiting the expression of RhoB. Moreover, miR-223 may play a role in maintaining the integrity of BBB during TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious public health concern, being one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide, and the most lethal of all gastrointestinal cancers. Among the numerous causes of the occurrence and progression of GC, are infections of the gastric epithelium by microbial agents, such as Epstein‑Barr virus and/or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Recent findings have shed new light on the involvement of a class of non‑coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) that are differentially expressed in GC tissues. Among these miRNAs, miR‑21, miR‑223 and miR‑19, appear to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the differential expression of miR‑21, miR‑223 and miR‑19 in GC tissues and their association with Epstein‑Barr virus and H. pylori infections. The expression levels of miR‑21, miR‑223 and miR‑19 in 70 samples of cancerous and adjacent normal tissues from patients with GC were detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The clinical relevance was then statistically analyzed. The results revealed the overexpression of the three miRNAs, miR‑21, miR‑223 and miR‑19, in tumor tissues compared to the corresponding normal tissues. In addition, the upregulation of the mentioned miRNAs in GC tissues was also significantly associated with Epstein‑Barr virus and H. pylori infections, as well as with aggressive clinicopathological features. On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate the potential of miR‑21, miR‑223 and miR‑19 for use as novel diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for gastric tumors. However, further randomized studies involving diverse populations and functional assessments are required to extend and confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upstream regulators of microRNAs were rarely reported. Hydroquinone (HQ) is the main metabolite of benzene, one of the important environmental factors contributing to leukemia and lymphoma. In HQ‐induced malignant transformed TK6 (TK6‐HT) cells, the expression of PARP‐1 and miR‐223 were upregulated. When in PARP‐1 silencing TK6‐HT cells, miR‐223 was downregulated and the apoptotic cell number correspondingly increased. In TK6 cells treated with HQ for different terms, the expression of miR‐223 and PARP‐1 were dynamically observed and found to be decreased and increased, respectively. Trichostatin A could increase the expression of miR‐223, then the expression of HDAC1–2 and nuclear factor kappa B were found to be increased, but that of mH2A was decreased. PARP‐1 silencing inhibited the protein expression of H3Ac, mH2A, and H3K27ac. By co‐immunoprecipitation experiment, PARP‐1 and HDAC2 were found to form a regulatory complex. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the upregulation of PARP‐1 mediated activation of acetylation to promote the transcription of miR‐223 possibly via coregulating with HDAC2, an epigenetic regulation mechanism involved in cell malignant transformation resulting from long‐term exposure to HQ, in which course, H3K27ac might be a specific marker for the activation of histone H3, which also gives hints for benzene exposure research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Immunosuppression is the main cause of the high mortality rate in patients with sepsis. The decrease in the number and dysfunction of CD4 + T lymphocytes is crucial to the immunosuppressed state of sepsis, in turn affecting the development and prognosis of sepsis. Autophagy has been shown to play an important role in the immune imbalance exhibited during sepsis., Methods: In this study, we modulate the expression of miR-223 in CD4 + T lymphocytes, via the transfection of a mimic or an inhibitor of miR-223 to establish cell models of miR-223 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Levels of autophagy were monitored using a double-labeled lentivirus (mRFP-GFP-LC3) and electron microscopy, and western blot analysis was used to estimate the levels of autophagy-related proteins and FOXO1 in the two cell models after co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and siRNA against FOXO1., Results: We found that when the expression of miR-223 increased, FOXO1 expression decreased and autophagy decreased; whereas, when FOXO1 expression was inhibited, autophagy decreased significantly in different cell models after LPS induction., Conclusion: Thus, this study proved that miR-223 participate in the regulation of LPS-induced autophagy via the regulation of FOXO1 expression in CD4 + T lymphocytes which shed a new light for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xiang, Li, Lian, Su, Li, Deng and Xie.)

Abstract Background Excessive autophagic activity in alveolar epithelial cells is one of the main causes of acute lung injury (ALI), but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in regulating autophagy in several diseases. This study aimed to determine the role of miR-223 in excessive autophagic activity in alveolar epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism to identify a novel therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A549 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an ALI in vitro model. The expression of miR-223 and its role of miR-223 in regulating oxidative stress and autophagy in the LPS-treated A549 cells, were examined using RT-PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-223 and the high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) protein. Results The results showed that the LPS treatment downregulated miR-223 expression in alveolar epithelial cells. We further proved that miR-223 directly targeted the 3-untranslated region of the HMGB2 gene and the downregulation of miR-223 increased HMGB2 protein level, which activated the JNK signalling pathway and thus induced oxidative stress and autophagy in LPS-treated alveolar epithelial cells. Knockdown of HMGB2 protein deactivated the JNK signalling pathway and inhibited autophagy and oxidative stress in alveolar epithelial cells. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that miR-223 regulates oxidative stress and autophagy in alveolar epithelial cells by targeting HMGB2 via the JNK signalling pathway.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNA expression, and altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver pathological conditions. Recent studies in animal models have shown neutrophil/myeloid-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) as a key regulator in the development of various liver diseases including fibrosis, where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the key player in pathogenesis. However, the precise roles of miR-223 in human HSCs and its therapeutic potential to control fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Using primary human HSCs, we demonstrated that miR-223 suppressed the fibrogenic program and cellular proliferation while promoting features of quiescent HSCs including lipid re-accumulation and retinol storage. Furthermore, induction of miR-223 in HSCs decreased cellular motility and contraction. Mechanistically, miR-223 negatively regulated expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and thus reduced cytoskeletal activity, which is known to promote amplification of fibrogenic signals. Restoration of α-SMA in miR-223-overexpressing HSCs alleviated the antifibrotic effects of miR-223. Finally, to explore the therapeutic potential of miR-233 in liver fibrosis, we generated co-cultured organoids of HSCs with Huh7 hepatoma cells and challenged them with acetaminophen (APAP) or palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatotoxicity. We showed that ectopic expression of miR-223 in HSCs attenuated fibrogenesis in the two human organoid models of liver injury, suggesting its potential application in antifibrotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that may result in permanent coronary artery damage with unknown etiology. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity are the hallmarks of KD. Platelets are involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction. MiR-223 transferred by platelet microparticles (PMPs) has been found to involve in the functional regulation of endothelial cells in sepsis. However, the role of platelet-derived miR-223 in endothelial dysfunction has not yet been investigated in KD. Objectives: We seek to investigate the role of platelet-derived miR-223 in endothelial dysfunction of KD vasculopathy. Methods and results: Forty-five acute KD patients and 45 matched controls were randomly recruited in the study. When co-cultured with human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), KD platelets with higher levels of miR-223 were incorporated into HCAECs, resulting in the horizontal transfer of miR-223. Using KD platelets, PMPs, and platelet-releasate from the same amount of blood co-cultured with HCAECs, we found the increased expression of miR-223 in HCAECs was primarily derived from KD platelets, rather than PMPs or free miRNAs from platelet-releasate. KD platelet-derived miR-223 attenuated TNF-α induced intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in HCAECs. KD platelet-derived miR-223 also suppressed the monocyte adhesion to HCAECs. In vivo, platelet-specific miR-223 knockout (PF4-cre: miR-223flox/flox) C57BL/6 mice and miR-223flox/flox C57BL/6 mice were used. Using Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) to establish KD murine model, we showed that in LCWE-injected PF4-cre: miR-223flox/flox mice, deficiency of platelet-miR-223 exacerbates the medial thickening of the abdominal aorta, increased ICAM-1 expression with concomitant CD45+ inflammatory cells infiltration into the endothelium compared to LCWE-injected miR-223flox/flox mice. Conclusions: The horizontal transfer of platelet-derived miR-223 suppresses the expression of ICAM-1 in HCAECs, which at least in part attenuates leukocyte adhesion, thereby reducing endothelial damage in KD vasculitis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Spontaneous abortion (SA) is a common disorder in early pregnancy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to exert important regulatory effects on trophoblast function and embryo development. Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether and how circRNAs regulate trophoblast function in SA during early pregnancy. Methods Cell proliferation, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, Transwell, immunofluorescence, Western blot, RNA pull-down, and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the effect of circRNA cyclin B1 (circ-CCNB1) on trophoblast function in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. Results An in vitro study demonstrated that upregulation of circ-CCNB1 significantly inhibited trophoblast proliferation and invasion compared with the controls using HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells, respectively. Moreover, miR-223 was downregulated in the villous tissues of patients with SA and was further predicted and shown to negatively interact with circ-CCNB1, which is involved in trophoblast proliferation and invasion. Using bioinformatics tools and subsequent RNA pull-down and dual luciferase assays, we found that miR-223 directly targets seven in absentia homolog-1 (SIAH1) and that upregulation of miR-223 decreased circ-CCNB1-induced SIAH1 expression levels in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Interestingly, upregulation of circ-CCNB1 suppressed trophoblast proliferation and invasion through inhibition of CCNB1 nuclear translocation induced by SIAH1. Downregulation of SIAH1 enhanced circ-CCNB1-suppressed CCNB1 nuclear protein expression in trophoblast cells. Conclusion Circ-CCNB1 served as a modulator of trophoblast proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-223, thus forming a regulatory network of circ-CCNB1/miR-223/SIAH1 in modulating CCNB1 nuclear translocation, which enabled us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in normal embryo implantation or in SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common and causes many deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which long non‐coding RNA FGD5‐AS1 regulates HCC cell proliferation and stemness. Methods: Tumor and normal adjacent tissues were harvested from HCC patients. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR was applied to examine the expression of FGD5‐AS1, miR‐223, Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) and FAT1. The protein levels of ECT2, FAT1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), OCT4, CD133 and CD90 were analyzed by western blot. The localization of FGD5‐AS1 was examined by Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cell proliferation was analyzed with CCK‐8 and colony formation assays. Spheroid formation was used for analyzing cell stemness. Gene interaction was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assays. A subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was established to analyze HCC growth and stemness in vivo. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to analyze the expression PCNA and OCT4 in subcutaneous tumors. Results: FGD5‐AS1 was upregulated in HCC and its high expression indicated poor prognosis of patients. High expression of FGD5‐AS1 enhanced HCC cell proliferation and stemness. Knockdown of FGD5‐AS1 restrained tumor growth and stemness in mice. FGD5‐AS1 directly sponged miR‐223 and promoted the expression of ECT2 and FAT1 in HCC. Both knockdown of miR‐223 and overexpression of ECT2 and FAT1 reversed FGD5‐AS1 silencing‐mediated suppression of HCC cell proliferation and stemness. Conclusion: FGD5‐AS1 directly sponged miR‐223 and promoted the expression of ECT2 and FAT1 in HCC, thus enhancing HCC cell proliferation and stemness. Our study identifies potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathogenesis, of which oxidative stress has long been regarded as a major mechanism. Previously, the protective effects of estradiol on SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ42-induced injuries were demonstrated. In this study, the protection of SH-SY5Y cells by estradiol from H2O2-caused oxidative stress injury and Alzheimer's mice was further confirmed. H2O2 downregulated, whereas estradiol upregulated miR-223 expression. miR-223 overexpression promoted cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced ROS levels, enhanced Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, miR-223 inhibition exerted opposite effects. miR-223 directly targeted forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and inhibited FOXO3 expression. H2O2 increased, whereas estradiol decreased thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) levels; FOXO3 positively regulated TXNIP protein levels. In SH-SY5Y cells, FOXO3 overexpression increased, whereas FOXO3 knockdown reduced the cell apoptosis and ROS levels. FOXO3 bound to TXNIP promoter region and activated TXNIP transcription, whereas the activation could be partially inhibited by estradiol. Collectively, the FOXO3/TXNIP axis is downstream of miR-223. miR-223 enhances the neuroprotection of estradiol against oxidative stress injury through the FOXO3/TXNIP axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to establish a prediction model for pregnancy outcomes through a combinatorial analysis of circulating biomarkers and maternal characteristics to effectively identify pregnant women with higher risks of preeclampsia in the first and third trimesters within the Asian population. A total of two hundred and twelve pregnant women were screened for preeclampsia through a multicenter study conducted in four recruiting centers in Taiwan from 2017 to 2020. In addition, serum levels of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, miR-181a, miR-210 and miR-223 were measured and transformed into multiples of the median. We thus further developed statistically validated algorithmic models by designing combinations of different maternal characteristics and biomarker levels. Through the performance of the training cohort (0.848 AUC, 0.73–0.96 95% CI, 80% sensitivity, 85% specificity, p < 0.001) and the validation cohort (0.852 AUC, 0.74–0.98 95% CI, 75% sensitivity, 87% specificity, p < 0.001) from one hundred and fifty-two women with a combination of miR-210, miR-181a and BMI, we established a preeclampsia prediction model for the first trimester. We successfully identified pregnant women with higher risks of preeclampsia in the first and third trimesters in the Asian population using the established prediction models that utilized combinatorial analysis of circulating biomarkers and maternal characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common inflammation-related intestinal disease. Studies have shown that excessive pyroptosis of intestinal cells is involved in the development of IBD. However, the regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis in IBD remains unclear. Here, our study purposed to clarify the underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-223 to promote pyroptosis in IBD. MiR-223 and Smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 (SNIP1) expression in colon tissues collected from IBD patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Cell viability and pyroptosis were evaluated by CCK8 and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Pyroptosis-related proteins and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signals were determined by WB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to investigate the binding relationship between miR-223 and SNIP1. MiR-223 was significantly upregulated in IBD colon tissues and cell models, while SNIP1 was significantly decreased. Silence of miR-223 markedly enhanced cell viability and inhibited pyroptosis in the IBD cell model. MiR-223 could bind to 3’-UTR of SNIP1 and SNIP1 could activate NF-κB signalling pathway. Further rescued experiment found that knockdown of SNIP1 dramatically abolished the bio-effects mediated by miR-223 silence on the cell viability and pyroptosis of the IBD cell model. Likewise, the inactivation of NF-κB signalling markedly weakened the regulatory roles of SNIP1 downregulation in the IBD cell model. Besides, inhibition of NF-κB signalling attenuated the pyroptosis-promoting effect of overexpressing miR-223. Our data suggested that miR-223 activated the NF-κB pathway via targeting SNIP1, thus promoting the process of cell pyroptosis, and ultimately participating in the pathogenesis of IBD.

We previously demonstrated that microRNA(miR)‐223 is overexpressed in intestinal tissue of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The objective of the current study was to identify the target gene of miR‐223 and to investigate the role of the miR‐223/nuclear factor I‐A (NFIA) axis in cellular functions that underpin the pathophysiology of NEC. The target gene of miR‐223 was identified by in silico target prediction bioinformatics, luciferase assay, and western blotting. We investigated downstream signals of miR‐223 and cellular functions by overexpressing the miRNA in Caco‐2 and FHs74 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). NFIA was identified as a target gene of miR‐223. Overexpression of miR‐223 significantly induced MYOM1 and inhibited NFIA and RGN in Caco‐2 cells, while costimulation with LTA decreased expression of GNA11, MYLK, and PRKCZ. Expression levels of GNA11, MYLK, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were increased, and levels of NFIA and RGN were decreased in FHs74 cells. These potential downstream genes were significantly correlated with levels of miR‐223 or NFIA in primary NEC tissues. Overexpression of miR‐223 significantly increased apoptosis of Caco‐2 and FHs74 cells, while proliferation of FHs74 was inhibited. These results suggest that upon binding with NFIA, miR‐223 regulates functional effectors in pathways of apoptosis, cell proliferation, G protein signaling, inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. The miR‐223/NFIA axis may play an important role in the pathophysiology of NEC by enhancing inflammation and tissue damage.

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) have an undeniable physiological and pathophysiological significance and act as promising novel biomarkers. The aim of the study was to investigate blood-derived miRNAs and their association with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Materials and MethodsThis study was an observational prospective study, which included 90 patients with MVD and ACS. Expression of miR-125a, miR-125b, and miR-223 was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients were followed-up for a median of 7.5 years. All-cause mortality was considered as the primary endpoint. Adjusted Cox-regression analysis was performed for prediction of events.ResultsElevated expression of miR-125b (>4.6) at the time-point of ACS was associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality (adjusted [adj.] hazard ratio [HR] = 11.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.15–110.38; p = 0.038). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a satisfactory c-statistics for miR-125b for the prediction of long-term all-cause mortality (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91; p = 0.034; the negative predictive value of 98%). Kaplan–Meier time to event analysis confirmed an early separation of the survival curves between patients with high vs low expression of miR-125b (p = 0.003). An increased expression of miR-125a and miR-223 was found in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) as compared to those with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (p = 0.043 and p = 0.049, respectively) with no difference in the expression of miR-125b between the type of ACS.ConclusionIn this hypothesis generating study, lower values of miR-125b were related to improved long-term survival in patients with ACS and MVD. Larger studies are needed to investigate whether miR-125b can be used as a suitable predictor for long-term all-cause mortality.

Qi-Bin Yang,1,2 Ling-Qin Li,1 Quan-Bo Zhang,2,3 Yong-Long He,1 Qing-Sheng Mi,2 Jing-Guo Zhou4 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Henry Ford Immunology Program, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; 3Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qing-Sheng MiHenry Ford Immunology Program, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USATel +1-313-876-1017Email qmi1@hfhs.orgJing-Guo ZhouDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-28-8301-6078Email jgzhou@cmc.edu.cnObjective: MicroRNAs were identified as master-switch molecules limiting acute inflammatory response. This study investigated the potential role of microRNA (miR)-223 in the mechanism of gout.Methods: Wild-type (WT) and miR-223 knock-out (KO) mice were used to evaluate the phenotypes of gout models. Inflammatory cytokines were measured in air pouch and peritoneal cavity lavage fluid. In addition to miR-223 level in gout patients, miR-223 and pro-inflammatory genes were examined in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls (HC) treated with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in vitro.Results: MiR-223 was up-regulated in the early phase in BMDMs from WT mice after MSU challenge and decreased rapidly, and this was not observed in miR-223 KO mice in vitro. In addition, miR-223 was required for macrophages homeostasis. In comparison with WT mice in vivo, miR-223 deficiency exacerbated swelling index of MSU-induced inflammation in foot pad and ankle joint models. MiR-223 deficiency also markedly aggravated inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokines release including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the air pouch and peritonitis models. In the in vitro experiments, miR-223 deficiency promoted the inflammatory response by targeting NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3). Besides, miR-223 level was down-regulated in gout patients and in HC exposed to MSU in vitro.Conclusion: MiR-223 was down-regulated in gout patients and miR-223 deficiency exacerbated inflammatory response in diverse murine models, suggesting that up-regulation of miR-223 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating gouty inflammation.Keywords: miR-223, gout, animal models, cytokines, monosodium urate