Search

Based on published research on modifying the structure of water and water-containing systems, we assess external influence methods: temperature, magnetic field, light radiation, and their combination. We evaluate changes in the electrophysical, photo- and pH-metric biological, therapeutic, and other properties of water systems using non-destructive electrophysical research methods, i.e., thermometry, pH, laser interference, dynamic light scattering, microelectrophoresis, conductivity, surface tension, dielectric constant, polarimetric measurements, atomic force microscopy, and UV and EPR spectroscopy. The effects of temperature or magnetic field lead to a change in the content and size of water clusters, and physicochemical, biological, therapeutic, and other changes in the properties of water and water-containing systems. The combined effect of a magnetic field and curative mud and the impact of magnetised mineral water have a more pronounced therapeutic effect than only mineral water or curative mud. The data presented indirectly indicate structural changes in water and water-containing systems. We conclude that the primary mechanism of action of a magnetic field, light, or a combination of these factors on water and water-containing systems, including mineral water and therapeutic mud, is a change in the structure of water.

Jedan od najznačajnijih aspekata u proizvodnji i distribuciji hrane svakako je njena kvaliteta i sigurnost. Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom i sigurnošću hrane bitni su za opstanak prehrambenih tvrtki na nacionalnom kao i globalnom tržištu. Cilj svega je težnja poslovnom napredovanju u segmentu hrane uvođenjem najboljih praksi s usmjerenjem na potpunu zaštitu potrošača, boljom kontrolom nad proizvodnim procesom i smanjenje incidenata s hranom. U tu svrhu je u pogonu za proizvodnju prirodne mineralne vode i bezalkoholnih pića proveden audit temeljen na zahtjevima IFS Food standarda. Kroz ovaj rad su prikazani temeljni ciljevi IFS Food standarda te doprinos njegove implementacije na uspješnost poslovanja širenjem tržišta ulaskom u nove trgovačke lance. Naime, kako bi taj certifikat imao smisla tvrtka kroz stalni nadzor, stalno usavršavanje, promjene i kontrolu teži konstantnom unapređenju sustava poslovanja. Certifikacijski audit pokazao je 97,6% usklađenosti sa IFS Food zahtjevima, te je tvrtki dodijeljena visoka ocjena sustava i IFS certifikat. One of the most important aspects in the production and distribution of food is certainly its quality and safety. Quality management systems and food safety are essential for survival of food companies on both the national and global market. The aim is to strive for business advancement in the food segment by introducing best practices with a focus on full consumer protection, better control over the production process and reducing food incidents. For this purpose, an audit based on the requirements of IFS Food standards was carried out at the plant for the production of natural mineral water and non-alcoholic beverages. This work presents the fundamental goals of the IFS Food standard and the contribution of its implementation to the success of the business by expanding on market and entering into new trading chains. Namely, in order for this certification to make sense of the company through constant supervision, constant improvement, change and control will strive for constant improvement of the business system. The certification audit showed 97.6% compliance with IFS Food requirements, and the company received IFS certificate for the high level quality system.

U rijeci Dubrovačkoj od davnina postoji izvor blago sumporne vode. To je ujedno najjužniji izvor mineralne vode na području Republike Hrvatske. Dubrovčani su započeli koristiti vodu u svrhu individualnog liječenja. Na početku 20 st. izgrađeno je lječilište zapravo dva lječilišta. Zbog niske temperature, a i dugih okolnosti već polovicom istog stoljeća kupališta prestaju s radom. Jadranska obala zbog specifične geološke građe ne obiluje termomineralnom vodom, stoga su na obali bila svega dva lječilišta, koja zbog specifičnih okolnosti danas više ne rade.

Občina Radenci sodi med razvite slovenske turistične destinacije naravnih zdravilišč in je hkrati mednarodno poznana po kvalitetnih virih mineralne vode, pod zaščitno znamko Radenska tri srca. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti naravnogeografske značilnosti, ki so omogočile nastanek naravnih virov ‒ mineralne in geotermalne vode ‒ ter njihov potencial skozi čas, od odkritja do danes. S pomočjo študija strokovne literature, splošnega poznavanja kraja, internetnih virov in pogovorov z udeleženci smo ustvarili podlago za diplomsko delo. Nova razvojna paradigma razvoja podeželja OECD in skupna kmetijska politika EU sta prinesli nov pogled na podeželski prostor, kjer ni več v ospredju kmetijski sektor ampak večsektorski pristop, s poudarkom na prostoru in ob upoštevanju vseh udeležencev na osnovi lokalnih iniciativ od spodaj navzgor – holistični pristop. Glavni cilj naloge je, s pobudami od spodaj navzgor, poudariti naravnogeografske značilnosti, ki so omogočile nastanek kvalitetnih naravnih virov. Te vire, predvsem pojav številnih izvirov mineralne in termalne vode, bi morala občina izkoristiti kot argument pri skupni promociji turizma. Poudarek bi moral biti na bogati zgodovinski tradiciji in na kvaliteti naravnih virov. S povezavo vseh udeležencev turistične ponudbe v Radencih bi Radenci kot prepoznaven zdraviliško-turističen kraj dobili večjo dodano vrednost v turističnih ponudbah. Le-te bi s svojimi programi pritegnile več turistov posledično bi se lahko uvajala nova delovna mesta, ki so osnova za nadaljnji razvoj samega kraja. As a natural spa resort, the Radenci municipality belongs to the group of developed Slovenian tourist destinations, and is at the same time internationally renowned for its quality mineral water resources known under the trademark Radenska tri srca (Radenska three hearts). The purpose of this diploma thesis is to present the natural and geographical features that made the emergence of this natural resources – mineral and geothermal water – possible, and their potentials from the time of their discovery until now. The diploma thesis is based on studying specialized literature, general knowledge of the location and interviews. The new OECD development paradigm for rural development and EU Common Agricultural Policy have brought new views on rural areas: the agricultural sector is no longer considered as the most important, but instead the focus is shifted to the multi-sector approach. The emphasis here is on the area itself and all the participants in all local initiatives from the lowest to the highest level are taken into account in this holistic approach. The primary aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the natural and geographical features that made the emergence of these quality natural resources possible through initiatives from the lowest to the highest level. The municipality should use these resources, especially numerous mineral and thermal water springs, as an argument for a joint tourism promotion. The emphasis should be on the rich historical tradition and on the quality of natural resources. By connecting all tourist service providers in Radenci the municipality would become more recognizable and valued as health tourism destination and thus gain bigger added value in tourist offers. Such tourist offers could attract more tourists with their programs as a consequence new jobs could be created – which is fundamental for further development of the town itself.

Namen diplomskega dela je prikazati Donat Mg skozi zgodovino in v sedanjosti, in sicer skozi oči gradbenikov. Za pridobivanje naravne mineralne vode potrebujemo tudi gradbeništvo. Od gradbeništva so odvisne vrtine, izkopi, cevovodi itd. V diplomskem delu so opisani postopki vrtanja, vodnjaki, izdelavo vodovodnih omrežij, polaganja cevovodov, vzdrževanje le-teh, polnjenje same vode itd. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to show Donat Mg througout history and the present through the eyes of constructors. To obtain natural mineral water we also need civil engineering. It is up to civil engineering to provide boreholes, excavations, pipelines, etc. The diploma thesis presents the processes of drilling, wells, construction of water distribution networks, pipe laying, their maintenance, bottling of the water itself, etc.

Naravne mineralne vode vsebujejo naravno raztopljene mineralne snovi in imajo zaradi tega dokazane številne prehransko-fiziološke učinke na človekov organizem. Ugotavljali smo specifičen učinek naravnih mineralnih vod Radenska Classic in Naturelle v humanih celičnih modelih v kombinaciji z ali brez ekstraktov vrste Malva sylvestris. Določali smo biološko dostopnost posameznih mineralov, antitumorsko in imunomodulatorno delovanje kombinacij naravnih mineralnih vod in rastlinskih ekstraktov kot tudi njihov vpliv na fiziologijo razvoja intestinalnega epitelija. Dokazali smo, da so minerali vod biološko visoko dosegljivi ter, da ugodno vplivajo na razvoj transepitelijske rezistence intestinalnega epitelija. Hkrati ugotavljamo da naravna mineralni vodi Radenska delujeta antiproliferativno in proapoptotično na celice adenokarcinoma debelega črevesa. Naravni mineralni vodi Radenska Naturelle ter Classic z ali brez ekstraktov gozdnega slezenovca dodatno spodbujata antiinflamatorni Th2 imunski odgovor z zaviranjem proinflamatornega TNF-α ter spodbujanjem antiinflamatornih IL-10 ter TGF-β. Prav tako, zaključujemo, da ekstrakti vrste Malva sylvestris zaradi njihove izjemne biološke aktivnosti še dodatno povečujejo biološki učinek naravnih mineralnih vod Radenska in predstavljajo velik potencial kot funkcionalni prehrambni dodatek. Natural mineral waters contain naturally dissolved minerals and therefore exert beneficial nutritional and physiological effects on the consumer. We have assessed the specific effects of natural mineral waters Radenska Classic and Naturell in combination with or without the extracts of Malva sylvestris in functional human cell models. We assayed the bioavailability of contained minerals, antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of the waters as well as their ability to beneficially influence the integrity of the intestinal epithelia. In our work we have proved that the mineral content of Radenska Classic and Naturelle is highly available and in the same time increases the trans-epithelial potential of intestinal cells. The waters also show an anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effect against CaCo-2 cells. Natural mineral waters Radenska enhance the anti-inflammatory Th2 answer by inhibiting activation of TNF-α and by stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. We also conclude that the biological activity of mineral waters Radenska can be enhanced by the addition of Malva sylvestris extracts due to their high bioactive potential.

Poli(etilen-tereftalat) (PET) je vrsta polimera koji pripada skupini zasićenih poliestera sa vrlo širokim spektrom primjene zbog svojih odličnih toplinskih, mehaničkih i kemijskih svojstava. PET kao ambalaža za hranu najčešće se koristi u obliku boca, folija, filmova, i spremnika. Kao ambalaža za gazirana i negazirana pića (sokovi, prirodne mineralne, izvorske i stolne vode, piva, mlijeko) koristi se već više od 40 godina. Ukoliko se koristi kao ambalaža za gazirana i negazirana pića u novije vrijeme koristi se dodatna obrada nanošenjem barijernog sloja ambalaže. „Funkcionalnom barijerom“ smatra se barijera koja se sastoji od jednog ili više slojeva plastike koja osigurava da gotovi materijali i predmeti odgovaraju u pogledu zdravstvene ispravnosti zahtjevima pravilnika (Pravilnik 2009, EC 2004 ; EC 2009). Barijerna svojstva standardnog PET materijala za gazirana i negazirana pića ne mogu u uvjetima produženog roka trajanja udovoljiti zahtjevima u pogledu propusnosti na O2 (Palzer, 2001), CO2 i vlagu. Ovo je posebno izraženo ako se smanjuje masa za izradu standardne PET boce. Propusnost PET ambalaže za neposredan dodir s hranom moguće je smanjiti uporabom novih tehnologija na različite načine. Osnovni ciljevi ovih tehnologija su: produžetak roka trajnosti upakiranog sadržaja, inertnija ambalaža u pogledu globalnih i specifičnih migracija te smanjenje mase uz niži utrošak energije za proizvodnju.

Svrha: Zadatak istraživanja bio je izmjeriti koncentraciju fluorida u vodovodnoj vodi u sjevernom hrvatskom gradu Čazmi i u komercijalno dostupnim napitcima. Materijali i metode: Koncentracija fluorida određena je fluorid-selektivnom elektrodom u uzorcima vode iz vodovoda i komercijalno dostupnih napitaka. Pritom je pH određen ion-selektivnom elektrodom za vodik. Rezultati: Sadržaj fluorida u vodovodnoj vodi iznosio je 0,313 mg F-/L. Od komercijalno dostupnih napitaka najveća koncentracija izmjerena je u gaziranoj mineralnoj vodi (0,34 – 1,5 mg F-/L) te u ledenim čajevima (0,06 – 0,74 mg F-/L). Negazirane vode i sokovi te gazirani sokovi imali su vrlo nizak sadržaj fluorida i iznosili su redom, The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of fluorides in tap water in northern Croatian town Čazma and commercially available bottled drinks. Materials and Methods: Fluoride content was assessed by fluoride-selective electrode in tap water and commercial drinks from public supply. The pH was assessed by hydrogen ion-selective electrode. Results: Fluoride content in tap water was 0.313 mg F-/L. In commercially available bottled drinks fluoride concentration was the highest in carbonated mineral water (0.34 – 1.5 mg F-/L), followed by some ice tea drinks (0.06 – 0.74 mg F-/L). Non-carbonated waters, carbonated soft drinks and noncarbonated soft drinks had very low fluoride concentration and it amounted to

Ovo je treći rad iz serije u kojem se autori bave geotermalnim i mineraliziranim vodama Medvednice i njene okolice. U njemu se iznose podaci o lokalitetima koji nisu obuhvaćeni ranijim radovima, analiziraju podaci s cijeloga istraživanog područja i prezentiraju dopune do sada iznesenih spoznaja o navedenim vodama. Temeljem prikupljenih podataka i rezultata istraživanja u okviru projekta Geotermalna karta Republike Hrvatske može se ustvrditi da su Medvednica i njena okolica dosad ponajbolje istraženo geotermalno područje u Hrvatskoj. Potvrđene su i proširene spoznaje o dosad poznatim, ali i novim mogućim glavnim i sporednim spremnicima geotermalne vode, prepoznati su primarni i sekundarni vodonosnici takvih voda, rekonstruirano njihovo podrijetlo, a dijelom i vrijeme kada su te vode dospijevale u podzemlje, došlo se do posve novih spoznaja o tome kako to u istraženom prostoru zapravo funkcionira cijelokupni sustav podzemnih voda ovog velikog geotermalnog područja. Osim toga, novim pregledom terena utvrđeno je na koji način i u kolikoj mjeri se u području Medvednice i njene okolice geotermalne vode kao osebujan dar prirode sada iskorištavaju.

Kalničko gorje izgrađuju stijene raspona starosti kreda-holocen, koje je prema hidrogeološkim značajkama moguće razvrstati u tri osnovne hidrogeološke cjeline: (1) područje sjeverno od središnjeg masiva Kalnika, izgrađeno od nepropusnih i slabopropusnih klastičnih stijena krede i donjeg miocena koje imaju funkciju hidrogeološke barijere, te slabopropusnih eruptivnih stijena kredne starosti; (2) masiv Kalnika izgrađen pretežito od propusnih karbonatno-krupnoklastičnih stijena paleogena i badena koje imaju funkciju vodonosnika; (3) južno Kalničko pribrežje koje izgrađuju pretežito slabopropusne stijene neogena, te nekonsolidirani sedimenti kvartara osrednje propusnosti. Unutar navedenih hidrogeoloških cjelina izdvojeni su sljedeći vodonosnici: (i) paleogenski karbonatni vodonosnik izgrađen od vapnenačko – dolomitnih breča koje su najznačajniji vodonosnik na području Kalnika; (ii) badenski karbonatni vodonosnik izgrađen od litavca, litotamnijskog vapnenaca, krupnozrnatog pješčenjaka i brečokonglomerata, koji u cjelini ima visoku vertikalnu vodopropusnost, mjestimice i kroz krške morfološke pojave; (iii) kvartarni aluvijalni vodonosnici, od kojih je najznačajniji onaj u dolini rijeke Kamešnice, čija propusnost varira od slabe do dobre ovisno o granulometrijslom sastavu; (iv) vodonosnik krednih bazičnih eruptiva iz kojeg se na području Apatovca eksploatira mineralna voda. S obzirom na hidrogeološke uvjete, vodonosnici kalničkog područja općenito se odlikuju prilično visokom ranjivošću. Ipak, može se zaključiti da su podzemne vode na području masiva Kalnika prema fizikalnim, fizikalno-kemijskim i kemijskim pokazateljima u cjelini dobre kakvoće zahvaljujući prije svega razmjerno slaboj naseljenosti te nepostojanju većih potencijalnih onečišćivača. One predstavljaju vrlo vrijedni prirodni resurs i imaju veliku važnost u vodoopskrbi čitave regije. S ciljem očuvanja današnjeg dobrog kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog statusa potrebno je voditi računa o efikasnoj zaštiti i općenito o održivom korištenju podzemnih voda., Kalničko gorje consists of Cretaceous – Holocene sediments, which can be in hydrogeological sense classified in three hydrogeological units: (1) northern area from central massive of Kalnik, consists of Cretaceous and low Miocene impermeable and low permeable sediments which are hydrogeological barrier and low permeable Cretaceous eruptive sediments ; (2) Kalnik massive consists of Paleogen and Baden permeable carbonate – clastic sediments, which are aquifer; (3) southern Kalnik area consists of Neogene low permeable sediments and Quaternary medium permeable unconsolidated deposits. In the hydrogelogical units are several aquifers types: (i) Paleogen carbonate aquifer consists of limestone – dolomite breccia and this is the most important aquifer in the Kalnik area; (ii) Baden carbonate aquifer consists of lithothamnium, lithothamnium limestone, sandstone and breccia-conglomerate and it has high permeability, especially through the karst morphological features; (iii) Quaternary alluvial aquifers – the most important is in the valley of the Kamešnica river and it’s permeability varies from poor to good depending on granulometric properties; (iv) Cretaceous eruptive aquifer from which in the Apatovac area is abstraction of mineral water. The aquifers of the Kalnik area are very vulnerable considering the hydrogeological properties of the area. Nevertheless, physical, physicalchemical, and chemical properties of groundwater in the Kalnik area are showing that waters are of very good quality. The reasons of good quality of waters are that the area is poorly populated and there is no potential pollutant. The area is very valuable and important natural resource for water supply of whole region. In the future it is necessary to provide good protection and sustainable water management to obtain today’s good quality and quantity of groundwater.

This paper presents the chemical composition of the main sulphur springs in Croatia and compares it with the sulphur content in the water from the Split spa. It also presents the results of monitoring the content of chlorides and hydrogen sulphide as well as the sulphur water temperature during 1987, 1988 and 1996 with the objective of studying the hydrological characteristics of this water and its origin. Since the sulphur water content during the dry periods significantly differs from the sulphur water content during rainy winter periods, this paper also compares the results obtained for the mentioned two periods. According to the monitoring results it can be concluded that sulphur water consists of seawater, and hydrogencarbonate surface water with a fairly constant water content during dry periods, while the hydrocarbonate water content increases during rainy periods.

Summary Springs of geothermal, mineral and gas saturated water located near the southern perimeter of Mt. Medvednica area an interesting natural phenomenon. The present paper compiles all the information and data previously reported on these waters, and presents the so far unpublished opinions on the topic. The paper describes water from natural resources and that tapped from relatively shallow boreholes ( to approx. 50 m in depth) installed in vicinity of the springs. The references report on two geothermal water springs by the southern perimeter of MT. Medvednica: Sutinska vrela near Podsused and Topličica in Sveti Ivan Zelina and a subthermal water spring Topličica at Dubravica near Gornji Stenjevec. The known mineral and dissolved gas saturated water springs include that near Moravče, and the sulphur water springs at Vrapće, Markuševačka Dubrava and Čućerje.

Production of bottled water in Croatia largely follows European trends. Natural spring or well waters contain natural radionuclides, especially members of naturally occurring uranium decay series. Higher concentration levels of radionuclides can have negative impact on human health, therefore constant monitoring is required. Negative impacts on human health can be limited by dose assessment. Due to the higher consumption of bottled waters in Croatia, this research deals with specific activity of 226Ra in bottled mineral and spring waters produced by domestic producers. Random samples of waters were obtained in shopping centres in Zagreb within a month?s time. 226Ra was determined by alpha-spectrometric measurement after radiochemical separation. Research results show that the specific activity of 226Ra in all tested samples does not exceed the maximum activity concentration (1000 mBq/L) recommended by the World Health Organisation. The highest effective dose estimated on the basis of research results is less than the maximum recommended effective dose (0.1 mSv/year) that human being can consume by water intake

Zaštita kakvoće mineralnih voda

Iron has been spectrophotometrically determined in mineral water. Methods of determinating with 2, 2'-bypyridyl and o-phenantroline have been used. The influence of interfering elements has been investigated. The method of atomic absorption spectroscopy has been paralelly applied. Iron has been determined directly from the solution and method of standard addition. The results of method used have been statistically treated.