Search

In recent years, mind–body exercises have arisen as a popular type of physical exercise among older adults in both Eastern and Western countries. In the last 10 years, yoga has been established as a key physical activity intervention for older adults. Thus, the literature on yoga interventions delivered in community settings for older adults warrants a formal appraisal. This scoping review synthesized information on intervention contents and outcomes and summarized data on attrition, adherence, and adverse events for community health practitioners. In addition, this review used the Template for Intervention Description and Replication and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome checklist to identify areas of depth and gaps in the literature on yoga interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mind-body exercise (MBE) interventions, including Tai Chi, Yoga, Pilates, and Qigong, in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2024. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Outcome measures included Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Scale, and adverse events. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool (2.0). The certainty of evidence for each outcome was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results: Of the 330 studies retrieved, 15 studies satisfied the criteria for meta-analysis. Compared with the controls, MBE interventions significantly improved physical function (measured by BASFI, MD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.50, P < 0.00001), disease activity (measured by BASDAI, MD = -0.76, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.57, P < 0.00001), pain intensity (measured by VAS, MD = -0.89, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.57, P < 0.00001), spinal mobility (measured by BASMI, MD = -0.44, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.19, P = 0.0006), and quality of life (measured by ASQoL, MD = -2.14, 95% CI: -3.54 to -0.75, P = 0.003). Subgroup analyses revealed that Tai Chi appeared to demonstrate a more pronounced effect on pain reduction when compared to Qigong (test for subgroup difference: P = 0.005). The quality of evidence for these outcomes was estimated as moderate to low. Additionally, no serious adverse events related to MBE were identified among the included studies. Conclusions: Overall, MBE may be a promising non-pharmacological treatment to improve physical function, disease activity, pain intensity, spinal mobility, and quality of life in patients with axSpA. To enhance the certainty of the evidence, additional rigorous studies are needed to verify these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical exercise is recognized for its beneficial effects on brain health and executive function, particularly through the careful manipulation of key exercise parameters, including type, intensity, and duration. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to delineate the optimal types, intensities, and durations of exercise that improve cognitive functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from their inception until December 2023. The methodological quality and publication bias of the included studies were assessed using the PEDro scale and Egger's regression test, respectively. Separate meta-analyses were performed to assess the overall impact of exercise on cognitive assessments and to explore the effects of different exercise types (i.e., aerobic, resistance, dual-task, mind-body, and multi-component exercises) and intensities (i.e., low, moderate, and high) on executive function. Results were presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between exercise duration and mean effects. In total, 15,087 articles were retrieved from three databases, of which 35 studies were included in our final analyses. The results indicated high overall methodological quality (PEDro score = 8) but a potential for publication bias (t = 2.08, p = 0.045). Meta-analyses revealed that all types of exercise (SMD = 0.691, CI [0.498 to 0.885], p < 0.001) and intensities (SMD = 0.694, CI [0.485 to 0.903], p < 0.001) show significant effects favoring exercise. Notably, dual-task exercises (SMD = 1.136, CI [0.236 to 2.035], p < 0.001) and moderate-intensity exercises (SMD = 0.876, CI [0.533 to 1.219], p < 0.001) exhibited the greatest effect. No significant correlation was observed between exercise duration and SMD (R² = 0.038, p = 0.313). Overall, our meta-analyses support the role of physical exercise in enhancing executive function in older adults with MCI or dementia. It is essential to carefully tailor exercise parameters, particularly type and intensity, to meet the specific needs of older adults with MCI or dementia. Such customization is crucial for optimizing executive function outcomes and improving overall brain health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative efficacy of various mind–body exercises in the treatment of depressive symptoms remains uncertain. We examined the optimal modalities (Tai Chi, qigong, yoga) and dose of mind–body exercise to improve depressive symptoms in adults. A systematic search of six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the relationship between exercise and depression was carried out, encompassing data from their inception up to November 2023. Pairwise analyses, network analyses and dose–response meta‐analyses using random‐effects models were performed to analyse the effect of exercise on depression. Forty studies were included. Results showed that Yoga [standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): (−0.76, −0.35)] was the most effective form of exercise for improving depressive symptoms, followed by Qigong (SMD = −0.52; 95%CI: −0.92, −0.11) and Tai Chi exercise (SMD = −0.42; 95%CI: −0.71, −0.13). In addition, a non‐linear dose–response relationship was found between overall mind–body exercise dose and depression levels and a significant response was observed after 260 METs‐min. Our study examined the effectiveness of different types of mind–body exercise in improving depression and found that yoga may be the most effective adjunctive intervention. There was a non‐linear dose–response relationship between total exercise and depression levels. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting and applying these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental imagery (MI) is frequently used in rehabilitation, often in stationary settings. However, recent studies indicate that incorporating MI during exercise could substantially alleviate pain. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine whether combining myofascial training with MI is more effective than exercise alone in reducing pain, enhancing flexibility, improving functional performance, and increasing quality of life in women with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Materials and Methods: Thirty women were assigned to one of three groups: the "Exercise Group" (EG), the "Exercise plus MI Group" (MIG), and the "Control Group" (CG). The exercise sessions included stretching and self-myofascial release (SMR) using foam rollers (FRs). Both experimental groups (EXGs) performed identical exercises; however, the MIG also received MI instructions during the workouts. Measurements were taken at four time points: baseline, after 9 sessions, after 18 sessions, and 2 weeks after intervention. The assessed variables included pain intensity, hamstring and spinal flexibility, functional performance in daily activity simulations, and quality of life as measured by the RAND SF-36. Results: Significant pain reduction was observed only in the MIG. Both EXGs showed significant improvements in flexibility, with MIG achieving some scores superior to those of the CG. Functional performance improved across all tests in both EXGs, with more pronounced gains in the MIG. For the RAND SF-36, the EG showed better results in the "Bodily Pain" dimension. In the "Physical Functioning" dimension, both EXGs demonstrated similar positive results. However, significant improvements in "Vitality" and "Health Change" were observed only in the MIG. Conclusions: Myofascial training was effective in reducing pain and improving functional capacity and quality of life in women with CLBP. However, incorporating MI instructions during exercise produced more substantial benefits, suggesting a promising new approach for managing chronic musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Most falls in the elderly occur due to physical and cognitive risk factors. This study aims to compare the effect of two types of mind-body exercises, yoga and square-stepping exercise (SSE), on memory, balance, and fear of falling in older women. Methods & Materials A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 20 elderly women with an age range of 60 to 70 years. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to yoga and Square-Stepping groups. Both groups did exercise for 12 weeks and participated in a pre-test and post-test. The Wechsler memory test, stork test, berg balance test, and international falls efficacy scale were used to measure memory quotient, static balance, dynamic balance, and fear of falling, respectively. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to analyze the data Results The mean scores of memory quotient in the two groups after exercises were significantly higher than before exercises (F(1, 18)=32.692, P

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mind-body exercise (MBE) interventions, including Tai Chi, Yoga, Pilates, and Qigong, in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2024. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Outcome measures included Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Scale, and adverse events. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool (2.0). The certainty of evidence for each outcome was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results Of the 330 studies retrieved, 15 studies satisfied the criteria for meta-analysis. Compared with the controls, MBE interventions significantly improved physical function (measured by BASFI, MD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.50, P

Abstract Physical exercise is recognized for its beneficial effects on brain health and executive function, particularly through the careful manipulation of key exercise parameters, including type, intensity, and duration. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to delineate the optimal types, intensities, and durations of exercise that improve cognitive functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from their inception until December 2023. The methodological quality and publication bias of the included studies were assessed using the PEDro scale and Egger’s regression test, respectively. Separate meta-analyses were performed to assess the overall impact of exercise on cognitive assessments and to explore the effects of different exercise types (i.e., aerobic, resistance, dual-task, mind-body, and multi-component exercises) and intensities (i.e., low, moderate, and high) on executive function. Results were presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between exercise duration and mean effects. In total, 15,087 articles were retrieved from three databases, of which 35 studies were included in our final analyses. The results indicated high overall methodological quality (PEDro score = 8) but a potential for publication bias (t = 2.08, p = 0.045). Meta-analyses revealed that all types of exercise (SMD = 0.691, CI [0.498 to 0.885], p

OBJECTIVE: Exercise intervention is one of the main treatments for fibromyalgia, but there is no consistent conclusion on the choice of different exercise modalities. In this article, a network Meta-analysis was used to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on fibromyalgia syndrome. METHODS: PubMed, EMbase, Scoups, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched for relevant literature, with a search timeframe from the establishment of each database to June 2023. The outcome indicators included five continuous variables, including fibromyalgia impact questionnaire-revised (FIQ) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, quality of life, quality of sleep, and depression. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. RevMan 5.4 software was used to perform effect sizes, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses of the data. Stata 17 software was used to perform reticulation and network Meta-analysis of the data. RESULTS: A total of 13 articles with 14 randomized controlled trials were finally included. The overall methodological quality of the literature was high. The results of traditional Meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, exercise therapy significantly improved the FIQ score [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.83 to -0.50, P < 0.01], VAS score (SMD=-0.72, 95% CI:-0.90 to -0.54, P < 0.01), quality of life (SMD=1.03, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.61, P=0.000 5), sleep quality (SMD=-0.62, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.25, P=0.001), and depression (SMD=-0.63, 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.18, P=0.007). Network Meta-analysis showed that the probability of optimal intervention effect of exercise modalities on FIQ scores was ranked as: mind-body exercise (86.5) > resistance exercise (70.5) > aerobic exercise (41.7); the probability of optimal intervention effect of exercise modalities on VAS scores was ranked as: resistance exercise (85.3) > mind-body exercise (74.3) > aerobic exercise (34.5). CONCLUSION: Exercise therapy significantly improves FIQ scores, VAS scores, quality of life, sleep quality, and depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Mind-body exercise and resistance exercise are the most effective exercise modalities to reduce FIQ scores and VAS scores in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose In light of the mounting prevalence of stress in contemporary society and the growing interest in stress reduction methods, this review investigates the potential of taiji as a viable strategy for alleviating stress. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched up to April 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials of taiji. Studies in both patients and healthy populations were considered. They had to provide a measure of perceived stress and include a no treatment or placebo control group. Data were extracted by two reviewers. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for perceived stress, biological stress markers, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results Eleven trials with a total of 1323 patients comparing taiji to no intervention met the inclusion criteria. The included studies varied strongly with regard to patient characteristics, taiji intervention, and methodological quality. The overall SMD for perceived stress was significant at -0.41 (95% confidence interval, CI, -0.63 to -0.19; I2 = 63%). Exclusion of studies with less than 100 participants yielded a diminished SMD at -0.26 (95% CI, -0.45 to -0.06). The SMD for perceived stress at follow-up was significant (-0.25, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.05). Secondary outcomes highlighted improvements in anxiety and physical QoL, while depression, mental QoL, and biological stress markers remained unchanged. Conclusions Results underscore taiji's potential in mitigating perceived stress in both patients and healthy populations, paralleled by enhancements in depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, and physical QoL.

Abstract Young athletes commonly encounter various mental health challenges due to the distinct pressures inherent in sports environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in alleviating mental health indicators of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety, and enhancing self-esteem and resilience among young male judo athletes in South Korea. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were completed by 53 judo athletes. Participants were then allocated to the intervention group (N = 27; Mage = 13.77 [SD = 1.11]), which used a mobile meditation software program, or the control group (N = 27; Mage = 13.56 [SD = 1.05]). Data analysis compared intervention and control group scores using multiple statistical methods, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures analysis of variance. Following the intervention, the mindfulness group exhibited significant enhancements in the mental health indicators of depression (GMD = 2.74 [95% CI 0.90–4.56], Cohen’s D = 0.84), perceived stress (GMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.002–0.70], Cohen’s D = 0.56), and anxiety (GMD = 0.2 [95% CI 0.001–0.40, Cohen’s D = 0.56]. Self-esteem also had a significant increase (GMD = 0.55 [95% CI − 0.22 to − 0.88], Cohen’s D = 0.95). The findings of this study underscore the potential benefits of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in addressing mental health challenges among young male judo athletes. The significant enhancements observed in scores on measures of depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-esteem among participants in the mindfulness group highlight the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting mental health in sports settings.

This article explores the potential of Pilates as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a chronic condition characterized by airway obstruction during sleep, leading to reduced oxygen flow and disrupted sleep patterns. It mentions traditional treatments like Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and respiratory muscle training (RMT) often face challenges with patient compliance, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies like Pilates.

Purpose: In light of the mounting prevalence of stress in contemporary society and the growing interest in stress reduction methods, this review investigates the potential of taiji as a viable strategy for alleviating stress. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched up to April 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials of taiji. Studies in both patients and healthy populations were considered. They had to provide a measure of perceived stress and include a no treatment or placebo control group. Data were extracted by two reviewers. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for perceived stress, biological stress markers, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results: Eleven trials with a total of 1323 patients comparing taiji to no intervention met the inclusion criteria. The included studies varied strongly with regard to patient characteristics, taiji intervention, and methodological quality. The overall SMD for perceived stress was significant at -0.41 (95% confidence interval, CI, -0.63 to -0.19; I2 = 63%). Exclusion of studies with less than 100 participants yielded a diminished SMD at -0.26 (95% CI, -0.45 to -0.06). The SMD for perceived stress at follow-up was significant (-0.25, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.05). Secondary outcomes highlighted improvements in anxiety and physical QoL, while depression, mental QoL, and biological stress markers remained unchanged. Conclusions: Results underscore taiji's potential in mitigating perceived stress in both patients and healthy populations, paralleled by enhancements in depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, and physical QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of different mind–body exercise (MBE) interventions, including Yoga, Pilates, Qigong, and Tai Chi, in managing chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP). We searched randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. After screening eligible studies and extracting relevant data, risk of bias of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, and network meta-analysis was performed by the Stata software version 16.0. Recent Findings: Of the 1019 studies retrieved, 18 studies with 1442 subjects were included. Fourteen studies were graded as high quality. Yoga plus hot sand fomentation was the most effective in reducing pain intensity and functional disability, and improving the quality of physical life in patients with CNNP. Yoga achieved the most improvement in cervical mobility. And Pilates was the best MBE intervention for improving the quality of mental life. Summary: Overall, Yoga, Pilates, Qigong, and Tai Chi demonstrated considerable effectiveness in improving pain intensity, functional disability, cervical mobility, and quality of life in patients with CNNP. Yoga or Yoga plus heat therapy was the most effective method for patients with CNNP. Additional high-quality, large-scale, multi-center, long-term follow-up studies are necessary to fully understand the comparative effectiveness of different MBE interventions for CNNP, and to recognize the potential benefits of each MBE intervention and the need for individualized treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundExercise is considered as a cost-efficient option for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although the potential benefits of exercise for improving cognitive function are recognized, its impact on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the quality of life (QoL) in individuals with MCI remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of exercise interventions on NPS, including depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and the quality of life in individuals with MCI.ResultsThere were 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,575 participants were included. The findings indicate a small but significant positive effect of exercise on depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.73 to −0.21), but the quality of the evidence is low. Mind–body exercises were relatively more effective in alleviating depression. No significant improvements were observed in sleep disorders (SMD = −1.27, 95% CI: −2.80 to 0.26). Exercise improved anxiety in one study but had no effect in the other. It also improved quality of life in seven studies, with two showing no effect.ConclusionThe findings suggest that exercise, particularly mind–body exercises, can improve depression in individuals with MCI. However, the effect of exercise on anxiety, sleep disorders, and quality of life is still uncertain, necessitating additional research. These findings underscore the significance of integrating customized exercise programs in managing MCI to boost quality of life and mitigate NPS.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/. ID: CRD42023445369.

BackgroundWith the intensification of the global aging trend, there is a contradiction between the extended lifespan and the decline of physiological functions among the older adult. It has become a global consensus to focus on and improve the quality of life for the older adult. Mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) play a crucial role in promoting the quality of life for older adults, but the mechanisms and mediating effects are not yet clear.ObjectiveThis study examines the impact of mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) on the quality of life in older adults, with a particular focus on exploring the chain mediating effects of perceived social support and psychological resilience.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed 1,087 older adults participating in mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) in 13 districts of Beijing, China, from March 25 to May 3, 2024. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure mind–body exercise, perceived social support, psychological resilience, and quality of life, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested and effect analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling (AMOS) and the Bootstrap method.ResultsThe study results show that mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) are significantly and positively correlated with the quality of life in older adults (r = 0.549, p

ABSTRACT Introduction The rationale of this case study was to evaluate a subject with anxiety and depression under treatment for anxiety and depression with significant bodily symptoms and physical illness, configuring also a psychosomatic condition. We investigated a new protocol of mind-body exercise (MBE) and its effects on the body-mind relationship through qualitative and quantitative analysis Case Report M.S., 47 years old, diagnosed with depression, anxiety, and several other illnesses and physical complaints, was submitted a weekly seven sessions of MBE. After that, anxiety, depression, and interoception were evaluated. Moreover, affect and arousal scales were administered after each session. Discussion Improvements were identified in all dimensions of interoception, with more pronounced results in not-distracting (pre: 4/ post: 0,25), emotional awareness (pre: 1,6/ post: 5), self-regulation (pre: 2,29/ post: 4,29) and trusting (pre: 0/ post: 4), in addition to reducing symptoms of depression (pre: 17/ post: 14) and anxiety (pre: 29/ post: 24) and increase for positive affect (pre:2,2 ± 3,0/post: 3,6 ± 1,7) e arousal (pre:4,5 ± 1,9/post: 5,9 ± 0,4). Conclusion We conclude that MBE improved interoceptive ability and reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression. Through these perceived and reported changes, the patient was able to learn to deal with stress and anxiety and self-regulate.

Abstract To maintain current cognitive function and access greater cognitive reserves, nonpharmacological interventions may be a viable alternative for older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study aimed to compare different nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing global cognition, including mind–body exercise, physical exercise, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive training intervention (CTI), acutherapy (ACU), meditation, and music therapy, by applying a network meta-analysis (NMA). Sixty-one randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions on global cognition in older adults with or without mild cognitive decline were selected. An NMA was conducted to compare the efficacy of different nonpharmacological interventions. The NMA revealed that mind–body exercise (standardized mean difference, 1.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.777–1.992); ACU (1.283; 0.478–2.088); meditation (0.910; 0.097–1.724); non-invasive brain stimulation (1.242; 0.254–2.230); CTI (1.269; 0.736–1.802); and physical exercise (0.977; 0.212–1.742), showed positive effects compared to passive controls. There were no significant differences between the efficacies of other interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions may potentially enhance and maintain global cognition through various pathways, such as memorizing movements and enhancing brain plasticity by reducing stress in the older adult population. Additional studies are needed to clarify the impact of other variables, including intervention methods or psychological variables.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of mind–body exercise on improving knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and thereby informing osteoarthritis exercise rehabilitation. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved tai chi, yoga, and baduanjin interventions for KOA. The search period ranged from inception to October 25, 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and the included data were statistically analyzed and plotted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results We included 17 articles with a total of 1122 patients. Compared with the control group, mind–body exercise significantly improved patient pain (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.87, -0.42], p

To maintain current cognitive function and access greater cognitive reserves, nonpharmacological interventions may be a viable alternative for older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study aimed to compare different nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing global cognition, including mind–body exercise, physical exercise, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive training intervention (CTI), acutherapy (ACU), meditation, and music therapy, by applying a network meta-analysis (NMA). Sixty-one randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions on global cognition in older adults with or without mild cognitive decline were selected. An NMA was conducted to compare the efficacy of different nonpharmacological interventions. The NMA revealed that mind–body exercise (standardized mean difference, 1.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.777–1.992); ACU (1.283; 0.478–2.088); meditation (0.910; 0.097–1.724); non-invasive brain stimulation (1.242; 0.254–2.230); CTI (1.269; 0.736–1.802); and physical exercise (0.977; 0.212–1.742), showed positive effects compared to passive controls. There were no significant differences between the efficacies of other interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions may potentially enhance and maintain global cognition through various pathways, such as memorizing movements and enhancing brain plasticity by reducing stress in the older adult population. Additional studies are needed to clarify the impact of other variables, including intervention methods or psychological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mind–body exercise on improving knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and thereby informing osteoarthritis exercise rehabilitation. Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved tai chi, yoga, and baduanjin interventions for KOA. The search period ranged from inception to October 25, 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and the included data were statistically analyzed and plotted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results: We included 17 articles with a total of 1122 patients. Compared with the control group, mind–body exercise significantly improved patient pain (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.87, -0.42], p < 0.00001), stiffness (SMD = -0.75, 95% CI [-1.05, -0.45], p < 0.00001), physical function (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI [-1.03, -0.62], p < 0.00001), mental health (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.11, 0.51], p = 0.002), and depression (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.50, -0.15], p = 0.0003). In terms of motor ability, mind–body exercise significantly increased the 6-min walking distance (SMD = 18.45, 95% CI [5.80, 31.10], p = 0.004) and decreased timed up and go test time (SMD = -1.15, 95% CI [-1.71, -0.59], p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current study showed that mind–body exercise is safe and effective for KOA patients. However, given the methodological limitations of the included studies, additional high-quality evidence is needed to support the conclusions of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited research directly compares the clinical effects of different types of mind-body exercises on anxiety and depression in older adults. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that meet the inclusion criteria to explore the intervention effects of five different types of mind-body exercises in improving anxiety and depression in older adults. Methods: We followed the PRISMA-NMA guidelines and conducted searches in the Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to July 28, 2023. The language was limited to English. Two independent reviewers conducted literature screening and data extraction. Review Manager 5.4 was used to perform Pairwise meta-analysis and risk assessment, while STATA version 15 software was used for network meta-analysis. Result: A total of 42 studies, involving 2974 participants, were included. The results of the traditional meta-analysis showed that mind-body exercises were superior to the control group in alleviating anxiety (SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.43, -0.31, p<0.05, I² = 95%) and depressive (SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.34, p<0.05, I² = 80%). In the network meta-analysis, the ranking of treatment effects for anxiety showed that Tai Chi > Qigong > Yoga > Dance > control group, while for depression, the ranking showed Tai Chi > Pilates > Yoga > Qigong > Dance > control group. Conclusion: This study found that mind-body exercises have positive effects on improving anxiety and depression in older adults. Among the five different types of mind-body exercise interventions, Tai Chi was considered an effective approach for improving anxiety and depression. However, we encourage older adults to choose exercise modalities that suit their interests to enhance adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of mind-body exercise on risk factors of metabolic syndrome such as insulin resistance. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO host, Embase, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, and VIP were searched for the period from the establishment of the database to 1 July 2023, and randomized controlled trials of mind-body exercise interventions in patients with metabolic syndrome were collected. We applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool RoB2 to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature and used RevMan5.4 software and Stata15.1 for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 14 randomized controlled trials with 1148 patients were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that mind-body exercise significantly improved insulin resistance [SMD=-0.78, 95% CI: (-1.13, -0.43), P<0.0001], waist circumference [SMD=-2.20, 95% CI: (-3.34, -1.06), P=0.0001], body mass index (SMD=-1.50, 95% CI: [-2.03, -0.97), P<0.00001], systolic blood pressure [SMD=-3.65, 95% CI: 9-5.56, -1.74), P=0.0002], diastolic blood pressure [SMD=-3.32, 95% CI: (-3.77, -2.87), P<0.00001], fasting blood glucose [SMD=-0.57, 95% CI: (-0.99, -0.15), P=0.008], triglycerides [SMD=-0.27, 95% CI: (-0.46, -0.08), P=0.004], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD=0.58, the 95% CI: (0.28, 0.87), P=0.0001]. Subgroup analysis showed that the intervention program with exercise form of fitness qigong, exercise cycle of 24-48 weeks, and exercise frequency of 6-7 times/week could significantly improve each risk factor. Conclusion: Mind-body exercise is effective in improving risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Current evidence recommends an intervention program of low to moderate intensity fitness qigong, with 6-7 sessions per week for 24-48 weeks in patients with metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although an increasing number of African Americans 50 years of age and older practice qigong, a mind–body exercise, to manage their health conditions, little is known about their perceptions and experiences of engaging in and learning qigong exercise. This study aimed to explore the subjective perceptions of the health benefits, engagement, adherence, and learning of qigong exercise in African Americans 45–85 years of age as a foundation for promoting this approach for African Americans' physical and psychological health. Methods: Fifteen African Americans were enrolled in a 1-h qigong exercise program twice a week for 8 weeks (a total of 16 sessions) in the activity center of a local church. Participants were interviewed after the intervention to explore their perceptions of learning and practicing qigong exercise. Interviews were conducted in person, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) Perceived benefits of practicing qigong, (2) helpful strategies for qigong learning, (3) facilitators for home qigong practice, (4) motivators for qigong exercise adherence, and (5) recommending qigong to others. qigong exercise was perceived to be effective for balance, flexibility, muscle strength, sleep quality, emotion regulation, and stress management. Nearly 75% of participants reported home qigong practice at least twice a week. Conclusions: Middle-age and older African Americans' responses provide insights on health benefits associated with practicing qigong exercise, adherence, home practice, and learning, which may serve as the first step to promoting the use of qigong exercise in this population and may be adopted to similar exercise interventions with minority older adults in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thirty randomized controlled trials included 13 studies providing Tai Chi interventions, 11 studies providing Qigong interventions, and six studies utilizing yoga interventions. • Tai Chi exercise exhibited the most significant improvements across multiple domains, including balance, limb motor function, activities of daily living, and depression. • Qigong intervention was found to be the most effective in enhancing balance and overall quality of life, with Tai Chi following closely in its positive impact. This study conducted pairwise and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of three mind-body exercise interventions (Tai Chi, Qigong, and yoga) on physical capacity, psychological well-being, and quality of life in stroke patients. The research encompassed 30 studies involving 2107 participants and utilized the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for quality assessment. Pairwise analysis revealed that all three mind-body exercises significantly enhanced patients' quality of life. Tai Chi demonstrated the most comprehensive improvements in balance, limb motor function, activities of daily living, and depression. Network meta-analysis indicated that Qigong was the most effective in improving balance and quality of life for post-stroke patients, followed by Tai Chi. These findings underscore the positive impact of mind-body exercises on both physical and psychosocial outcomes in stroke patients. However, further research involving rigorously designed and adequately powered trials is necessary to enhance the level of evidence in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common disorder characterized by heterogeneous symptoms that leads to decreased functioning, work productivity, and quality of life. Exercise has been recommended for fibromyalgia treatment. Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE), including Taichi, Qigong, Badunjin, Wuqinxi, etc., as a kind of mind–body exercise, plays an important role in alleviating symptoms of FMS. The objective of this study is to summarize the available evidence, through meta‐analysis, on the pain relief, quality of life, sleep improvement, and emotion regulation of FMS in TCE. Methods: Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Google scholar, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, etc. were used to search eligible studies that were published from the time of their inception to February 11, 2022, in English and Chinese. The included studies were divided into two groups: TCE group (experimental group) and control group. The Cochrane collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and Revman5.4.1 software was used to synthesize and analyze the data. Results: A total of 12 literatures were included in this study, which contained 781 patients, and 448 of them were included in the treatment group, 333 of others in control group. TCE significantly alleviated pain [SMD = −0.83, 95% CI (−1.15, −0.51), p <.00001], improved quality of life [SMD = −0.53, 95% CI (−0.86, −0.19), p =.002] and improved qualities of sleep [SMD = −0.41, 95% CI (−0.57, −0.24), p <.00001] and relieved depression [SMD = −0.40, 95% CI (−0.69, −0.10), p <.008]. Conclusion: TCE may be a way to reduce pain, improve the quality of life and sleep, and relieve depression for FMS, and it could be part of the FMS treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mind–body exercise (yoga, tai chi, qigong, etc.) on lung cancer. Methods: We performed a literature search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, and VIP from their inception to 16 May 2023. The primary outcome was the 6-min walk test (6MWT), while the secondary outcomes were anxiety levels and quality of life (QoL). Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction using a predefined protocol and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool for randomized controlled trials, with differences agreed by consensus. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15 software to analyze the extracted data. Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 11 studies involving 897 patients. The results indicated that compared to the usual care group, lung cancer patients in the mind–body exercise group could increase the 6-min walk distance (5 studies, 346 participants, WMD: 18.83, 95% CI (7.55, 30.10) P = 0.001), reduce anxiety levels (4 studies, 362 participants, SMD: − 1.51, 95% CI (− 1.74, − 1.27), P < 0.05), and enhance the overall quality of life (6 studies, 594 participants, SMD: 0.71, 95% CI (0.10, 1.31), P = 0.02). The overall certainty of the evidence for all outcomes was low; seven studies were judged to be at low risk of bias, and four studies were judged to be at moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Mind–body exercise could improve exercise capacity in lung cancer survivors, reduce anxiety, and positively affect overall quality of life. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023426800 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropsychiatric symptoms occur in the majority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is one of the most common causes of disability. This paper reviews the mind-body exercise methods affecting anxiety symptoms in PD patients at home and abroad, including Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and mindfulness yoga, in order to provide inspiration for constructing the intervention program for non-exercise symptoms in PD patients, reduce disability rate and improve quality of life. (神经精神症状(NPS)在帕金森病(PD)患者的病程中常见, 是导致患者残疾的原因之一。本研究就国内外影响PD患者焦虑症状的身心运动方法进行综述, 包括太极拳、八段锦、五禽戏、正念瑜伽, 以期为构建PD患者非运动症状干预方案提供启发, 降低致残率, 提高生存质量。)

Since few studies have explored the impact of Pilates exercise on cognitive functions in adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), this study aims to evaluate the effect of Pilates training on attention switching and sustained attention in a sample of adults with ADHD. The sample consisted of 52 adults with ADHD in the age range of 20 to 50 years, who were randomized into a 24-week Pilates training group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 27). The participants were followed up for 6 months. The treatment group (Pilates exercise) exhibited significant improvement in sustained attention in the post-test and follow-up, particularly in terms of omission errors, commission errors, and reaction time (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results suggested that attention switching improved substantially in the post-test in terms of perseverative errors, non-perseverative errors, and total errors (p < 0.05). Findings offer evidence on the positive impact of Pilates training on attention problems in adults with ADHD. Registration code: IR.UM. REC.1398.133. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures and even life-threatening fractures in the elderly. Mind-body exercise is a beneficial intervention to improve flexibility, control body balance and reduce pain. We aimed to evaluate the effects of physical and mental exercise on osteoporosis in the elderly. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on mind-body exercises for osteoporosis were included. Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang were searched from inception to January 2023. Outcomes included bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), body balance (BB), pain, indicators of bone metabolism (BMI), lower extremity function, fearing level, and quality of life (QOL). The quality of study reporting was rated by 2 reviewers independently, and Review Manager software (version 5.3) was used for meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-nine trials with 2325 participants were included. The pooled results showed that mind-body exercises have encouraging effect on elderly people with osteoporosis, especially in aspects of BMD, BMC, QOL, improving the function of lower extremity, reducing pain and fearing level. While, dance and eight-section brocade could not improve the quality of life,or dance and eight-section brocade have no effect on BMD. Conclusions: Mind-body exercises may have potential efficacy for osteoporosis in the elderly. However, due to the poor methodological quality of the included trials, more clinical trials with precise methodological design and rigorous reporting are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises in improving cognition, memory, and executive function in older adults with cognitive impairment. Data sources: Relevant English and Chinese language studies published until September 14th, 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, WAN FANG DATA, VIP Information, CNKI, and SinoMed databases. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials assessing traditional Chinese mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Qigong, Mind-Body Therapies, and Yijinjing) in older adults with cognitive impairment were included. Two researchers independently identified eligible studies and extracted data. A risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: This study included 15 randomized controlled trials (1,127 participants) from China, Thailand and American. Most studies had a high risk of bias in the blinding of participants and researchers, one study had a high risk of bias in the random sequence generation and two studies had a high risk of bias in the incomplete outcome data. Compared with conventional therapy alone, traditional Chinese mind-body exercises significantly improved global cognitive function (p < 0.00001), and Baduanjin could improve the global cognitive function (p < 0.00001), memory function (p < 0.0001), and executive function (p < 0.0001) outcomes after treatment, and significantly improved some dimensional scores on the auditory verbal learning test after treatment (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Qigong) significantly improved global cognitive function, and Baduanjin could improve global cognitive function, memory function, and executive function in older adults with cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures and even life-threatening fractures in the elderly. Mind-body exercise is a beneficial intervention to improve flexibility, control body balance and reduce pain. We aimed to evaluate the effects of physical and mental exercise on osteoporosis in the elderly. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on mind-body exercises for osteoporosis were included. Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang were searched from inception to January 2023. Outcomes included bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), body balance (BB), pain, indicators of bone metabolism (BMI), lower extremity function, fearing level, and quality of life (QOL). The quality of study reporting was rated by 2 reviewers independently, and Review Manager software (version 5.3) was used for meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-nine trials with 2325 participants were included. The pooled results showed that mind-body exercises have encouraging effect on elderly people with osteoporosis, especially in aspects of BMD, BMC, QOL, improving the function of lower extremity, reducing pain and fearing level. While, dance and eight-section brocade could not improve the quality of life, or dance and eight-section brocade have no effect on BMD. Conclusions: Mindbody exercises may have potential efficacy for osteoporosis in the elderly. However, due to the poor methodological quality of the included trials, more clinical trials with precise methodological design and rigorous reporting are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tai Chi mind–body exercise was compared to brisk walking aerobic exercise on modulating the interactions between heart rate variability (HRV) and blood flow oscillations (BFO) of the upper and lower limbs. • Tai Chi is effectively on modulating the degree of coherence between HRV and BFO of the upper limb. • Brisk walking is effectively on modulating the degree of coherence between HRV and BFO of the lower limb. • Wavelet phase coherence between HRV and BFO is able to differentiate the effect of mind–body exercise from aerobic exercise. Tai Chi exercise has been demonstrated to be beneficial for health and quality of life. However, the mind–body effect of Tai Chi on modulating interactions of the cardiovascular components has not been investigated. This study aimed to differentiate the effect of Tai Chi (mind–body exercise) and brisk walking (aerobic exercise) on modulating skin blood flow oscillations (BFO) of the upper and lower limbs and heart rate variability (HRV). Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi for 15 min and brisk walking for 15 min were performed by 30 adults in two different days. Wavelet phase coherence was employed to assess the coordination between HRV and BFO before and after exercise. Two indices were proposed to quantify the coherence, i.e., the area (A ϕ) and maximal difference (d max) between the coherence function and the threshold obtained by surrogate test. The results demonstrated that Tai Chi resulted in a significant decrease in phase coherence between HRV and BFO of the upper limb in the frequency interval 0.05–0.15 Hz (A ϕ baseline 0.1600 ± 0.0288, post-exercise 0.0486 ± 0.0220, p < 0.001; d max baseline 0.3222 ± 0.0220, post-exercise 0.2578 ± 0.0219, p < 0.005), but not between HRV and BFO of the lower limb. Brisk walking resulted in a significant increase in phase coherence between HRV and BFO of the lower limb in the frequency interval 0.05–0.15 Hz (A ϕ baseline 0.0455 ± 0.0251, post-exercise 0.1190 ± 0.0241, p < 0.05; d max baseline 0.2191 ± 0.0225, post-exercise 0.3103 ± 0.0208, p < 0.05) but not between HRV and BFO of the upper limb. Our finding indicates that mind–body exercise and aerobic exercise modulate cardiovascular regulations through different mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThere were limited studies that directly compare the outcomes of various mind-body exercise (MBE) therapies on chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP).ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of the four most popular MBE modes [Pilates, Yoga, Tai Chi (TC), and Qigong] in clinically CNLBP patients, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).MethodsWe searched databases for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (from origin to July 2022). RCTs were eligible if they included adults with CNLBP, and implemented one or more MBE intervention arms using Pilates, yoga, TC, and qigong. In addition, pain intensity and physical function were evaluated using validated questionnaires.ResultsNMA was carried out on 36 eligible RCTs involving 3,050 participants. The effect of exercise therapy on pain was in the following rankings: Pilates [Surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) = 86.6%], TC (SUCRA = 77.2%), yoga (SUCRA = 67.6%), and qigong (SUCRA = 64.6%). The effect of exercise therapy on function: Pilates (SUCRA = 98.4%), qigong (SUCRA = 61.6%,), TC (SUCRA = 59.5%) and yoga (SUCRA = 59.0%).ConclusionOur NMA shows that Pilates might be the best MBE therapy for CNLBP in pain intensity and physical function. TC is second only to Pilates in improving pain in patients with CNLBP and has the value of promotion. In the future, we need more high-quality, long-term follow-up RCTs to confirm our findings.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=306905, identifier: CRD42022306905.

Background: Older Latino individuals are disproportionally affected by various chronic conditions including impairments in physical and cognitive functions, which are essential for healthy aging and independent living. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of FITxOlder, a 12-week mind-body exercise program, in community-dwelling low-income, predominantly older Latino individuals, and assess its preliminary effects on health parameters relevant to healthy aging and independent living. Methods: This 12-week, single-arm, stage 1B feasibility study had a pre- and poststudy design. A total of 13 older adults (mean age 76.4, SD 7.9 years; 11/13, 85% Latino) of a congregate meal program in a senior center were enrolled. FITxOlder was a tailored Chinese mind-body exercise program using Five Animal Frolics led by a bilingual community health worker (CHW) participating twice a week at the senior center and facilitated by mobile health technology for practice at home, with incrementally increasing goals moving from once a week to at least 3 times a week. The feasibility and acceptability of the study were examined using both quantitative and qualitative data. Healthy aging–related outcomes (eg, physical and cognitive function) were assessed using paired 2-tailed t tests. Qualitative interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The attendance rate for the 24 exercise sessions was high (22.7/24, 95%), ranging from 93% (1.8/2) to 97% (1.9/2) over the 12 weeks. Participants were compliant with the incremental weekly exercise goals, with 69.2% (9/13) and 75.0% (9/12) meeting the home and program goals in the last 4 weeks, respectively. Approximately 83% (10/12) to 92% (11/12) of the participants provided favorable feedback on survey questions regarding the study and program implementation, such as program content and support, delivery by the CHW, enjoyment and appeal of the Five Animal Frolics, study burden and incentives, and safety concerns. The qualitative interview data revealed that FITxOlder was well accepted; participants reported enjoyment and health benefits and the desire to continue to practice and share it with others. The 5-time sit-to-stand test (mean change at posttest assessment=−1.62; P<.001; Cohen d=0.97) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey physical component scores (mean change at post intervention=5.71; P=.01; Cohen d=0.88) exhibited changes with large effect sizes from baseline to 12 weeks; the other parameters showed small or medium effect sizes. Conclusions: The research findings indicated that the CHW-led and mobile health–facilitated Chinese qigong exercise program is feasible and acceptable among low-income Latino older adults. The trending health benefits of the 12-week FITxOlder program suggest it is promising to promote physical activity engagement in underserved older populations to improve health outcomes for healthy aging and independent living. Future research with larger samples and longer interventions is warranted to assess the health benefits and suitability of FITxOlder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an important health problem caused by the degeneration of brain neurons. Bradykinesia and lower balance ability seriously affect the quality of life of people with PD. Non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, accompany the course of the disease but still lack sufficient attention. In general, drugs combined with cognitive training are the most common ways to improve cognitive impairment in people with PD. However, long-term use of psychiatric drugs may lead to side effects such as brain death and movement disorders. Recently, mindfulness has been used by researchers in the treatment of cognitive impairment, because healthy older adults who engage in mind-body exercises for a long time have higher cognitive levels than normal aging populations. Mind-body exercise, as a therapy that combines concentration, breath control, and physical activity, is beneficial for improving practitioners' brain and mental health. Mind-body exercises such as Tai Chi, yoga, dance, and Pilates can improve cognitive performance in older adults with or without cognitive impairment. Therefore, mind-body exercise may be a feasible strategy for the treatment of cognitive impairment in people with PD. This study summarizes the latest evidence that mind-body exercises including Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga, and dance improve cognitive impairment associated with PD. We also explored the limitations of current mind-body exercise research, aiming to provide new ideas for improving mind-body exercise as a strategy to alleviate cognitive impairment in people with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to compare the relative effects of different mind-body exercises on cardiorespiratory function and quality of life in Heart failure (HF) patients, providing valuable insights for their rehabilitation., Methods: We conducted a search across seven Chinese and English databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science. A network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 within a frequentist framework., Results: A total of 38 studies were included, encompassing eight types of mind-body exercises. Ten studies reported peak VO 2 , indicating that dancing outperformed Tai Chi (MD:3.52, 95 % CI:6.74, -0.30) and Baduanjin (MD:2.34, 95 % CI:4.32, -0.36). Additionally, Pilates demonstrated greater effectiveness than Yijinjing, aside from Tai Chi (MD:5.10, 95 % CI:8.71, -1.49) and Baduanjin (MD:3.92, 95 % CI:6.50, -1.34). Twenty-one studies reported the six-minute walk test (6MTW), with only Tai Chi significantly improving 6MTW scores compared to the control group (MD: 50.77, 95 % CI: 8.12, 93.42). Twenty-three studies assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), finding that Tai Chi (MD: 3.83, 95 % CI: 2.07, 5.59), Baduanjin (MD: 2.90, 95 % CI: 1.04, 4.76), and yoga (MD: 3.32, 95 % CI: 0.37, 6.27) significantly increased LVEF in HF patients. Nineteen studies evaluated quality of life, with the Liuzijue possibly being the most effective intervention (SUCRA: 98.9)., Conclusion: Different mind-body exercises have their own advantages in improving the heart function and quality of life of HF patients. In the future, higher-quality studies with larger samples are needed to further verify the validity of the results., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have declared that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: With the intensification of the global aging trend, there is a contradiction between the extended lifespan and the decline of physiological functions among the older adult. It has become a global consensus to focus on and improve the quality of life for the older adult. Mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) play a crucial role in promoting the quality of life for older adults, but the mechanisms and mediating effects are not yet clear., Objective: This study examines the impact of mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) on the quality of life in older adults, with a particular focus on exploring the chain mediating effects of perceived social support and psychological resilience., Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed 1,087 older adults participating in mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) in 13 districts of Beijing, China, from March 25 to May 3, 2024. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure mind-body exercise, perceived social support, psychological resilience, and quality of life, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested and effect analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling (AMOS) and the Bootstrap method., Results: The study results show that mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) are significantly and positively correlated with the quality of life in older adults ( r = 0.549, p < 0.01). The path coefficients for the relationships mind-body exercise → perceived social support ( β = 0.46, p < 0.001) → psychological resilience ( β = 0.20, p < 0.001) → quality of life in older adults ( β = 0.39, p < 0.001) are significant, indicating that perceived social support and psychological resilience have a chain mediating effect between mind-body exercise and the quality of life in older adults., Conclusion: Mind-body exercises not only improve the quality of life for older adults but also indirectly enhance it by strengthening perceived social support and psychological resilience. This study provides significant reference for developing health intervention strategies targeted at older adults, suggesting that promoting mind-body exercises can improve their sense of perceived social support and psychological resilience, thereby increasing their quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Zhang and Li.)

The purposes of this perspective article were to summarize Wheelchair or Seated Tai Chi studies related to neuromuscular functions of older adults with disability; to describe the development of Wheelchair Tai Chi Ball (WTCB) exercise -- a concept to combine mind-body exercise with strength training; and to propose a new Telehealth WTCB exercise for improving neuromuscular functions of old adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) and disability. With reference to neuromuscular functions, WTC intervention may have positive effects on simple reaction time, range of motion at the shoulder and trunk, static and dynamic sitting balance, handgrip strength, vagal activity, and sympathetic activity among older adults with disability. The developed WTCB intervention is a feasible and safe exercise which combines the mind-body exercise and strength conditioning into one exercise which possesses aerobic, stretching and strength trainings and may facilitate neuromuscular functions of older adults with disability. The proposed Telehealth WTCB 12 forms (TWTCB12) exercise with a "Moving Shadow" method in the telehealth may enable the learner to superimpose learner's image on an expert's demonstrating model to enhance the learning and practice effects. Since wheelchair users will learn and practice TWTCB12 movements in a seated position or sitting on a wheelchair the "Moving shadow" method on Zoom would provide an ideal telehealth learning and practice environment for the wheelchair users to learn and practice TWTCB12 exercise from home more feasible and user friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of qigong Baduanjin for reversing frailty status among older cancer survivors. Twenty-eight older cancer survivors screened as pre-frail or frail were recruited. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a sixteen-week Baduanjin intervention or an active control condition (light flexibility exercise). Frailty status (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes (physical performance, activities of daily living performance, psychological well-being, and health-related quality of life) were measured by physical performance tests and questionnaires. Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore participants' perspectives on the intervention. Twenty-one participants (75%) completed the study, with reasons of withdrawal mainly relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Attendance at Baduanjin sessions and adherence to self-practice were satisfactory, with all retained participants attending all sessions and 81.8% practicing Baduanjin for more than 90 min per week. Qualitative findings demonstrated that participants accepted Baduanjin. The proportion of improvement in frailty status at post-intervention appeared to be higher in the intervention group (26.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.1% to 54.0%) than the control group (15.4%; 95% CI, 3.7% to 46.0%); yet the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.461). Baduanjin qigong appears to be feasible and acceptable among older cancer survivors. To confirm the intervention effect, an adequately powered trial is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04694066. Retrospectively registered 5 January 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04694066. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease with higher prevalence among women aged between 30 and 50 years and general prevalence of 1% worldwide. Interventions promoting improvement of quality of life for individuals with RA are required. Tai Chi appears to be a low-cost alternative, with studies showing positive results from this technique. However, regarding aspects of RA such as pain and sensitivity, studies remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of the Tai Chi method for treating patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, among systematic reviews. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews with Cochrane and non-Cochrane methodology. METHODS: Systematic reviews involving quasi-randomized and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on use of Tai Chi, with no restrictions regarding the date and language of publication, were included. RESULTS: Three systematic reviews were included. The effects of Tai Chi associated with education and stretching exercises versus education and stretching were evaluated in these reviews. They showed that improvements in the variables of mood, depression and functional index were associated with use of Tai Chi. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that clinical improvement was achieved, although not statistically significant with regard to pain and disease pattern, as assessed using the ACR20 measurement. Improvements relating to disability and quality of life were also seen. There was a low level of evidence and therefore caution in data analysis is recommended. The three studies included showed poor reliability for providing an accurate and complete summary of use of Tai Chi among people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. PROSPERO: CRD42019125501.

Background: Previous preliminary studies have found that qigong exercises produced significant effects in healthy people and in various clinical populations. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of qigong and tai chi exercise on individuals with drug addiction. Methods: A systematic search of seven English databases and three Chinese databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized comparative studies (NRS) assessing the effects of qigong and tai chi on drug addiction. Study quality was assessed using the Checklist for the Evaluation of Non-Pharmaceutical Trial Reports (CLEAR-NPT). Results: Two RCTs and nine NRS studies were included in this study, including a total of 1072 patients with drug addiction (age range, 27–43 years). The results showed that qigong and tai chi exercise had a significant overall effect on depression (SMD = −0.353, 95%CI [−0.548, −0.159]), anxiety (SMD = −0.541, 95%CI [−0.818, −0.264]), quality of life (SMD = 0.673, 95%CI [0.438, 0.907]), and sleep quality (SMD = −0.373, 95%CI [−0.631, −0.116]). The subgroup analysis found that qigong outperformed tai chi on the improving depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Conclusion: Existing studies suggest that qigong and tai chi are effective at improving depression, anxiety, and quality of life in drug users; however, the evidence from rigorous randomized controlled group trials is lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meditative and mindful exercise are types of physical exercise during which people pay attention, on purpose, to each new present moment without judging their experience. The goal is to apply an accepting awareness of the environment, bodily sensations, thoughts, and emotions without labeling them (e.g., good or bad). The literature centers on qigong, tai chi, and yoga, which are types of mindful exercise that improve mental and cardiovascular health. It is unclear if meditative and mindful walking also improve these health domains. To the authors' knowledge, this question has not been addressed by a published systematic review. The purpose of this systematic review without a meta-analysis was to synthesize the literature on meditative and mindful walking to determine their effects on mental and cardiovascular health. The protocol follows the PRISMA guidelines, is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021241180), and is published elsewhere in a peer-reviewed journal. The systematic review contains 14 studies that had various populations, interventions, and outcomes. In 13 studies, the interventions statistically significantly improved scores on at least one outcome of mental or cardiovascular health (e.g., affect, anxiety, depression, distress, state mindfulness, stress, blood pressure, and six-minute walk distance). The improved outcomes should be interpreted cautiously because their clinical meaningfulness is unclear, and the studies had severe methodological limitations. Determining if meditative and mindful walking meaningfully improve mental and cardiovascular health will require randomized controlled trials that use rigorous designs, transparent protocols, and clinically meaningful outcomes that indicate physical function, mental wellbeing, morbidity, and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic exercises (AE) have been found to have short-term positive effects on certain aspects of cognitive functioning. Pilates exercises (PE) may have similar benefits. In this randomized controlled study, we compared the effectiveness of PE and AE on participants' cognitive functions. We randomly assigned 52 physically inactive young adult volunteers into either a PE group (M age = 20.85, SD = 2.11 years; 18 females and 8 males) or an AE group (M age = 19.88, SD = 0.91 years; 18 females and 8 males). In both groups, participants engaged in a moderately intense exercise program three days a week for four weeks. We tested participants on cognitive measures of selective attention and inhibitory control (Stroop test), verbal fluency (verbal fluency tests (letter and category); VFTs), and speed of movement (Nelson's Speed of Movement Test; NSMT). There were no group differences on the Stroop and the VFTs (p >0.05). However, there was a significant pre- to post-exercise difference for participants in both groups with a medium-large effect size (ES) on Stroop sections 1, 3, 4, and 5, respectively (PE: p < 0.001, ES = 0.58, p = 0.001, ES = 0.54, p < 0.001, ES = 0.88, p = 0.001, ES = 0.60; AE: p < 0.001, ES = 0.70, p < 0.001, ES = 0.89, p < 0.001, ES = 0.86, p = 0.006, ES = 0.65). There was a large effect size pre- to post-exercise detected for VFT sections labeled letter (PE: p < 0.001, ES = 1.45; AE: p < 0.001, ES = 1.11), and category (PE: p < 0.001, ES = 1.11; AE: p < 0.001, ES = 0.83), and there was a large ES for NSMT in the PE group (p < 0.001, ES = 1.07). Both PE and AE may lead to short-term improvements in selective attention, verbal fluency, and executive control in inactive young adults, and PE may benefit speed of movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPrevious preliminary studies have found that qigong exercises produced significant effects in healthy people and in various clinical populations. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of qigong and tai chi exercise on individuals with drug addiction.MethodsA systematic search of seven English databases and three Chinese databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized comparative studies (NRS) assessing the effects of qigong and tai chi on drug addiction. Study quality was assessed using the Checklist for the Evaluation of Non-Pharmaceutical Trial Reports (CLEAR-NPT).ResultsTwo RCTs and nine NRS studies were included in this study, including a total of 1072 patients with drug addiction (age range, 27–43 years). The results showed that qigong and tai chi exercise had a significant overall effect on depression (SMD = −0.353, 95%CI [−0.548, −0.159]), anxiety (SMD = −0.541, 95%CI [−0.818, −0.264]), quality of life (SMD = 0.673, 95%CI [0.438, 0.907]), and sleep quality (SMD = −0.373, 95%CI [−0.631, −0.116]). The subgroup analysis found that qigong outperformed tai chi on the improving depression, anxiety, and sleep quality.ConclusionExisting studies suggest that qigong and tai chi are effective at improving depression, anxiety, and quality of life in drug users; however, the evidence from rigorous randomized controlled group trials is lacking.

Objectives: This study aims to systematically analyze the effects of mind–body exercises on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with PTSD. Furthermore, it intends to provide scientific evidence-based exercise prescriptions. Methods: Chinese (i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang) and English (i.e., Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) databases were used as data sources to search for studies on the effects of mind–body exercises on symptoms associated with patients with PTSD from January 1980 to November 2020. After a rigorous screening, 16 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Results: Mind–body exercises exerted a significant effect on PTSD symptoms [standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.64 to −0.19, p < 0.001], depression (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.15, p < 0.001), and anxiety (SMD = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.12, p < 0.001) among patients with PTSD. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that 60–150 min per session for 8–16 weeks of mindfulness was more effective in improving symptoms in patients with PTSD under 45 years of age compared with other subgroups. For depression, 150–180 min of yoga exercises once per week was effective. For anxiety, the frequency, timing, duration, and type of mind–body exercises that are most effective in relieving anxiety in patients with PTSD cannot be determined at this time due to the limited number of eligible RCTs. Conclusions: Mind–body exercises were found to be significantly effective in improving PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with PTSD. Therefore, they can be used as an adjunct to intervention for symptoms of patients with PTSD. However, this conclusion requires further confirmation through additional scientific and objective RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: Unique Identifier: INPLASY2020120072. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal is the property of Pappin Communications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness of Tai Chi and Qigong exercise on adolescents' symptoms of depression and anxiety, and psychological status based on clinical evidences, and to calculate the pooled results using meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search using seven English and three Chinese databases was initiated to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized comparison studies (NRS) assessing the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong exercise on psychological status among adolescents. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the pooled effect of the intervention. Study quality was evaluated using a Checklist to Evaluate a Report of a Non-pharmacological Trial (CLEAR-NPT) designed for non-pharmacological trials. Results: Four RCTs and six NRS were identified, including 1,244 adolescents. The results suggested a potential beneficial effect of Tai chi and Qigong exercise on reducing anxiety (SMD = 0.386, 95 CI% [0.233, 0.538]) and depression (SMD = 1.937 [95 CI%, 1.392–2.546]) symptoms, and reducing cortisol level (SMD = 0.621 [95 CI%, 0.18–1.062]) in adolescents. Conversely, non-significant effects were found for stress, mood, and self-esteem. Conclusions: The findings of this review suggest Qigong appears to be an effective therapeutic modality to improve psychological well-being in adolescents. Hope future studies will have rigorously designed, well-controlled randomized trials with large sample sizes in order to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]