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This paper explores the following questions: What is reading all about, as our technical milieu becomes increasingly digital and our reading increasingly automated? What is entailed in closely reading a book, in studying and handling the book as an object? And what is the role of philosophy—and in reading philosophy—as we grapple with new technical modes of reading? Guided by philosopher Gilbert Simondon, this paper compares the language heuristics of large language models (LLM) with human reading practices, revealing parallel and diverging technical tactics, with the aim of increasing our understanding of how and why these algorithms are part of our technical reality. This comparison moves beyond concerns with automation and alienation, using Simondon's notions of technicity and transindividuality to philosophically analyze the nature of collaborative reading in a distraction economy, and the extent to which transformer neural network models achieve an implicit embodied or grounded sense of language-use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant change in mental health care has involved the need to implement recovery-oriented practices and services. However, recovery-oriented care has been poorly defined within acute care mental health settings. The central aims of the study were to increase knowledge about what constitutes a recovery-oriented environment within contemporary acute care units and to inform recovery-oriented nursing practice. Interpretative description was applied to answer the question: What strategies and resources do nurses identify as being most conducive to fostering a recovery-oriented environment in acute care mental health units? Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 nurses from 6 acute care units. The inclusion criteria included a minimum of 1-year patients and holding active nursing registration. Nursing experience in community-based or chronic care settings and with children and adolescents were exclusion criteria. Six nurses also participated in a focus group. Key aspects of a recovery-oriented acute care environment included understanding the needs of individual patients along with the dynamics of the healthcare team. Nurses had important roles in promoting recovery-oriented environments and reported a need for increased resources to move beyond the bio-medical model and align practice with personal recovery. A recovery-oriented environment was described as a safe, peaceful and holistic environment with adequate space to balance needs for privacy, interaction and activity. This environment is fostered through respectful communication and healthy relationships among team members, patients, family and formal supports. These nurses had the knowledge, skill and desire to promote recovery-oriented environments, yet resources such as leisure activities and group therapy were required to promote personal recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current media environment, John Durham Peters emphasizes the importance of non-verbal communication and notes that underpinned by digital technology, “media” is returning to its original meaning as the milieu that surrounds living beings. To concretize and critically discuss this idea, this paper examines the artworks created by the authors, which incorporate microorganisms into digital technology. These works applied luminous bacteria as ink to digitally screen print text and images. The first work, A Medium for Images or Luminous Bacteria (2022), prints Japanese text with luminous bacteria ink. The second work, ‘イ(I)’ (1926) by BioLuminescent Bacteria (2024), recreates the first image in the history of Japanese television, ‘イ(I)’, with luminous bacteria. This paper compares and analyzes these practices in light of classical media theory, including the work of William Ivins Jr. and Marshall McLuhan. The paper introduces another work, Grow.|Glow. (2023), to further expand the discussion to contemporary digital media. Finally, drawing on the recent arguments of Anna Tsing and Antonio Damasio, we elucidate the critical implications that the works of luminous bacteria bring to the current media environment.

Strafbare greenwashing: Greenwashing wordt in Nederland met allerlei juridische instrumenten bestreden, waaronder het bestuurs- en civielrecht. In het buitenland vinden inmiddels strafrechtelijke onderzoeken in dit verband plaats. Ook de Nederlandse rechtsorde biedt onder bepaalde omstandigheden ruimte voor de strafrechtelijke handhaving van greenwashing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore whether there are value preferences of creative workers in addition to tolerance and how these value preferences vary among different occupation categories and countries. We use a dataset of 1968 and 1076 observations in China and the U.S., respectively, from the World Values Survey dataset (2017–2020, wave 7) (WVS 7), with a Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) at the micro level. The findings reveal that (1) the Chinese sample is more likely to have a balanced preference of tolerance towards migrants, religions, and homosexuality, while the American sample's preference of tolerance is much more likely to be interpreted as accepting homosexuality only; (2) the American sample also shows preferences towards responsibility, technology, work style, and political actions, while a preference for happiness and political actions is identified in the Chinese sample; and (3) with a higher level of creativity, the difference regarding understanding of tolerance is more likely to be highlighted between China and the U.S. This study provides a quite unconventional perspective for understanding the composition of preferences and, to a certain extent, reconciles the inconsistency between the theoretical advocacy of building up a selected milieu and the reality of creative workers' blended value mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Madness and collective are two terms that have marched in a disjunct way in history. Its most obvious expression was the construction of the psychiatric asylum, located far from the life of the city. The most current incarnation is that of the individual who lives in the street, within the city, but outside of all ties. These individual lives a new exile without asylum in the collective. From my work as a psychologist in a social center in Paris, I ask myself how to integrate the difference of madness, without erasing it in the name of an ideal, inherent to this - and all - collective. I show that collective and madness are structurally disjunct, but for an institution to be alive, the two terms must be inseparable. The collective must be sufficiently docile, so that everyone can appropriate it as a means of life. If the collective is necessary for every speaking being, it is indispensable for those who cannot find a typical solution to the problems posed by their body and the problems it poses to the social body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic photography is the practice of using photography in order to explore issues and reach defined outcomes with people who use services. It has been deemed to be an accessible tool which can have a positive impact on self-esteem, self-efficacy and empowerment. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, this research analyses observations and focus group feedback from a group of participants receiving support from a third-sector organisation for mental health issues. Specifically, the data were analysed to look at how a therapeutic photography programme contributed to group dynamics, exploration and outcomes. Three inter-related super-ordinate themes were identified, these being (1) exposing the self; (2) searching; and (3) developing the self. These themes centred around the identity of the participants as they explored their photographs and associated narratives. The results suggest that the medium of photography contributes to enhanced self-disclosure and social bonding through the familiarity of engaging with photographs. The photographs also enable participants to feel in control of the information shared, facilitating the level of exploration and personal learning around identity and roles and could be beneficial in social work with groups where these outcomes are sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the progressive definition of his idea of mediology, Régis Debray (inventor of the term) compares himself several times with the lesson of Marshall McLuhan. It is a respectful but also polemical comparison. In his Introduction à la médiologie, Debray devotes an entire chapter to deconstructing the well-known formula "The medium is the message", highlighting its over-simplification on the one hand, and its semantic strength and complexity on the other. This article sets out to retrace the points of contact and divergence between the two great scholars, attempting to highlight how the French thinker has re-read and taken up the assumptions of Understanding media and other McLuhan works, starting from the very concept of medium. Indeed, Debray has his peculiar idea of the medium, which only partly overlaps with McLuhan's. If for McLuhan it is - as an extension - traceable in every artefact, be it tangible or intangible, and is therefore given, for Debray, the medium does not exist per se but is given from time to time, depending on the object of study. In the Introduction, he tends to separate the two interpretations systematically, sometimes forcing his hand even from a lexical point of view and accentuating a difference that, on closer inspection, is not so wide. Debray's enucleation of the concepts of milieu and mediation is also interesting. The former represents, for the French scholar, the safe conduct for the accusations of determinism, which have often affected the Mcluhanian theoretical framework. The milieu is what filters - culturally, politically, socially, technologically - every new technical introduction, allowing (or preventing) it to become part of the material and symbolic universe of the human being. Mediation, on the other hand, is the cornerstone of Debrayan reflection: it is to it, much more than to the medium, that the prefix medium- of the word mediology refers. Richard Grusin, who owes much to McLuhan, spoke a few years ago of "radical mediation", underlining the importance of mediation for the very definition of the individual's identity. How is the idea of mediation dealt with in McLuhan's thought? The article also attempts to question this aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A huge amount of ergonomic research has been carried out in companies. However, territory is now becoming a new frontier for decision-making during design. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to examine how territorial scale impacts the design process of a work system. METHODS: Two types of methods were used. First, we analyzed and defined what constitutes a territorialized work system. On this basis we conducted a design project for the re-conception of a territorialized work system with the linden tree. RESULTS: It is argued that a "territorialized work system" is not limited to its productive dimensions; it engages in a "making of a milieu" which consists of matching the work system with a range of dimensions that make life possible within the territory. CONCLUSION: The territorial aspect of running a design project thus relates to three dimensions: the systemic dimension of the system to be designed, the organization of the design project itself, and the nature of the object to be designed: the possibility of making a milieu, i.e. of being able to live in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text focuses on the nature of the relationship between Si Mohammed, a blacksmith in southern Morocco, and the diverse life-forms that inhabit the forge-in-activity during the making of a steel beater. The notion of milieu enables us to examine the co-construction of milieus and subjects, themselves considered fluid. Through a material and sensory-affective-motor approach to the reciprocal production of objects and subjects, coupled with the notion of affordance, we explore two dimension of the blacksmith’s skilled practice: temperance and the exercise of authority, but also mathematical and scientific knowledge.

This paper begins with an examination of a genealogy of philosophical reflections on health and illness from Friedrich Nietzsche to Georges Canguilhem and Gilles Deleuze. While Nietzsche's inspiration to Deleuze has been widely acknowledged, little attention has been paid to how Canguilhem's philosophy of the life sciences follows Nietzsche and later affects Deleuze. Canguilhem claims that health is one's feeling of confidence in life; health is when a living being feels it creates values and establishes its own vital norms. The notion of individuality plays a significant role in Canguilhem's philosophy of the life sciences. Individuality is not only constituted by a living being who determines how to react; for Canguilhem, individuality refers to a living being as well as its relation to the milieu. An individual is not pre-given; instead, in selecting and responding to its milieu, it is individuated. Understood in a biological sense, the individual, when creating a norm, makes a judgment based on feeling. While a norm is created, the assessment is where values are posited. For Canguilhem, to live is to evaluate, to seek the sense of the organism's choice. Hence the notion of individuality is considered as an axiological rather than an ontological one. This paper is composed of three parts: the living and its milieu, individuality and valuation, and Canguilhem and contemporary medical issues. I intend to examine why and how Canguilhem's notion of individuality is tied to value judgements, what influence Nietzsche has on Canguilhem, and how Canguilhem's thoughtful ideas of individuality can help us critically reflect on contemporary debates about personalized medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary discourse on information and communication technology suggests that humans and machines are increasingly converging. However, in this article, we argue that for analysts of digital society it is necessary to understand the simultaneity with which humans and machines are both interconnected and separated from one another. Here, we propose to follow and trace human/machine interfacing, i.e. the manifold practices, by which humans and machines become interconnected, by being kept apart. Drawing on theoretical resources from feminist science and technology studies and the philosophy of technology, we extend common 'objective' notions of the interface and propose a performative and ecological framework for human-machine interfacing. We illustrate this framework with two contrasting cases, embodied social robotics and communicative software bots. Social robots denote a rather fragile technology, showing the precariousness of efforts to engender phenomena of human-machine communication. By contrast, communicative software bots can rely on vast digital infrastructures, which create the impression of symmetry between humans and machines by rendering ontological differences invisible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Care robots promise to assist older people in an ageing society. This article investigates the socio-material conditions of care with robots by focusing on the usually invisible practices of human-machine interfacing. I define human-machine interfacing as the activities by roboticists and others to render interaction between robots and people possible in the first place. This includes, efforts to render prototypical arrangements of care 'robot-friendly'. In my video-assisted ethnography of human-robot interaction (HRI) experiments. I identify four types of interfacing practices, where care comes to matter: integrating the ephemeral entity that is 'a robot', helping it by way of mundane courtesies, making users 'fit' for interacting with it, and establishing corridors of interaction between the robot and people's bodies. I show that robots do not so much care for (older) people but rather, the other way around – people need to care for robots. Hence, care robots are not simply agents of care but also objects of care, rendering necessary a symmetrical analysis of human-machine interfacing. Furthermore, these practices do not merely reflect the prototypical state of the art in robotics. Rather, they indicate a more general mode of how robots and people interface. I argue that care with robots requires us to re-consider the exclusive focus on the human and at least complement it with care for the non-human and, incidentally, the robotic, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a crucial problem in countries of the World Health Organisation Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO–EMR). The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the phenomenon of adolescent childbearing in ten countries according to social determinants like milieu (rural–urban), education level, wealth quintiles, territoriality (countries, regions) and nationality. Methods Inequity in terms of adolescent childbearing was analysed using disaggregated data given by Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the Pan Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM) surveys. Beside the absolute differences (gaps) and relative differences (ratios), the index of dissimilarity (ID) was used to compare the distributions of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood by social determinants in each country. Results Data analysis indicates that the average percentage of adolescent women aged 15–19 years who have begun childbearing shows a large difference between countries, varying from 0.4% in Tunisia to 15.1% in Sudan, combined with huge gaps within each country as indicated by the values of the index of dissimilarity. Poor, rural and non-educated adolescent girls are more exposed to teenage childbearing than their counterparts—rich, urban and educated girls. Conclusion According to different social determinants, sensible variations are seen in terms of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood within the ten countries considered in this study. This is a clear appeal to decision makers to reduce child marriage and pregnancy by acting on social determinants of health, targeting disadvantaged girls coming mainly from marginalised groups and poor families living in remote rural zones.

Why do armed groups choose terrorism? Within political science, the prevailing approach to explaining this choice is known as the strategic model. It assumes that terrorist groups make rational calculations of costs and benefits to decide whether to use terrorism, and that the choice is predicated on the goal of winning material concessions from an opponent. This article challenges this view by introducing a distinction between possession goals and milieu goals, drawing from research on the foreign policy goals of states by Arnold Wolfers. It argues that some specific types of terrorist groups may be more oriented towards achieving milieu goals - defined here as non-material, non-exclusive efforts aimed at shaping the international environment - than possession goals, such as concessions over territory or political power. Expanding the typology of terrorist goals to include milieu goals helps to address some of the persistent puzzles around the rationality of terrorism and raises new questions for theoretical and empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We explore whether there are value preferences of creative workers in addition to tolerance and how these value preferences vary among different occupation categories and countries. We use a dataset of 1968 and 1076 observations in China and the U.S., respectively, from the World Values Survey dataset (2017–2020, wave 7) (WVS 7), with a Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) at the micro level. The findings reveal that (1) the Chinese sample is more likely to have a balanced preference of tolerance towards migrants, religions, and homosexuality, while the American sample’s preference of tolerance is much more likely to be interpreted as accepting homosexuality only; (2) the American sample also shows preferences towards responsibility, technology, work style, and political actions, while a preference for happiness and political actions is identified in the Chinese sample; and (3) with a higher level of creativity, the difference regarding understanding of tolerance is more likely to be highlighted between China and the U.S. This study provides a quite unconventional perspective for understanding the composition of preferences and, to a certain extent, reconciles the inconsistency between the theoretical advocacy of building up a selected milieu and the reality of creative workers’ blended value mix.

Copyright of Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Europees Recht is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a crucial problem in countries of the World Health Organisation Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO–EMR). The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the phenomenon of adolescent childbearing in ten countries according to social determinants like milieu (rural–urban), education level, wealth quintiles, territoriality (countries, regions) and nationality. Methods: Inequity in terms of adolescent childbearing was analysed using disaggregated data given by Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the Pan Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM) surveys. Beside the absolute differences (gaps) and relative differences (ratios), the index of dissimilarity (ID) was used to compare the distributions of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood by social determinants in each country. Results: Data analysis indicates that the average percentage of adolescent women aged 15–19 years who have begun childbearing shows a large difference between countries, varying from 0.4% in Tunisia to 15.1% in Sudan, combined with huge gaps within each country as indicated by the values of the index of dissimilarity. Poor, rural and non-educated adolescent girls are more exposed to teenage childbearing than their counterparts—rich, urban and educated girls. Conclusion: According to different social determinants, sensible variations are seen in terms of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood within the ten countries considered in this study. This is a clear appeal to decision makers to reduce child marriage and pregnancy by acting on social determinants of health, targeting disadvantaged girls coming mainly from marginalised groups and poor families living in remote rural zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hessische Blätter für Volksbildung is the property of wbv Media GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1980s, almost all of the Hungarian narrow-gauge railway lines underwent a complete change of function. About 120-140 years ago, narrow-gauge railways were created mainly for economic purposes. Nowadays, with a few exceptions, freight operation is completely eliminated and replaced by tourism. In my study, I deal with two questions: on the one hand, I will examine the place of the existing narrow-gauge railways in the tourism system. In this context, I will present the tourism potential of narrow-gauge railways. These include, for example, the availability of narrow-gauge railways, their inclusion in the wider tourism system, the material conditions of the basic infrastructure of narrow-gauge railways, etc. On the other hand, by presenting four railway lines from South Transdanubia, I will examine how well the opportunities offered by tourism have been exploited at the local level, what the impact of narrow-gauge railways is on tourism, and what the tourism-related significance of these lines is at all. Based on my analysis, it can be concluded that the narrow-gauge railway sector is developing within the tourism system, and compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021), investments, technical developments, and attendance have also increased. It is also clear from the South Transdanubian cases that the narrow-gauge railway system is becoming more and more important especially where it can be connected to other tourist attractions (natural parks, forest schools, etc. ), which is also evident in the attendance indicators.

The current debate presents the middle class in the Global South as a driver of democratic change and the core of civil society. The activities of NGOs, or student protests, for instance, seem to support this notion. However, these examples should not be overstretched. Before confirming the idea that the 'middle class' is a carrier of political protest and a driver of democratic change, we need to answer at least two questions. Is the 'middle class' really a class in the strict sociological sense, with a common class consciousness or just a group with a middle-income: 'middle-income group'? And are the protests really representative of the middle-income group? Taking Kenya as an example, we cannot identify a 'middle class' in the strict sense of the sociological class concept. Neither does the political commitment of the middle-income group follow socio-economic differences. More important are patterns of socio-cultural differentiation that can be conceptualised as socio-cultural 'milieus'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quetes Litteraires is the property of Katolicki Uniwersityt Lubelski Jana Pawla II, Wydzial Nauk Humanistycznych, Institut Filologii Romaj and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Tábano is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vervolging nieuwe ESG-wetgeving, nog even geduld graag: De ESG-thema's staan hoog op de politieke beleidsagenda. De doelen die worden gesteld zijn het waard om te worden gehaald. Als ondernemingen deze aankomende wetgeving serieus gaan uitvoeren en de onderzoeks- en rapportageplicht oppakken, zou goede en eerlijke rapportage hen ook kwetsbaar kunnen maken voor vervolging voor witwassen. Er zou geen straf moeten staan op transparantie en het strafrecht zou niet moeten worden ingezet om wetgeving die nog onvoldoende duidelijk is te handhaven. Op voorhand moeten richtlijnen worden gepubliceerd waarin aandacht wordt besteed aan het vervolgingsbeleid, aan de geïndiceerde straffen en aan de samenloop tussen bestuursrechtelijke en strafrechtelijke handhaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article questions and distinguishes the notions of environment and « milieu » from a triple geographical, phenomenological and biological perspective. It shows how the way of considering "what surrounds us" or "what constitutes us" induces radically different practices on the part of the designer of a training. It draws on augustin Berque's work on mesology or study of « milieu" to point out the pedagogical issues of individualization in the learner's relationship to the activities he carries out to learn. The understanding of the « milieu » as a conjunction of an individual singular experience co-extensive to the transformation of the conditions of realization of these is at the heart of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic (MP) contamination has been identified as a worrisome environmental issue at the global level. Fish are the taxonomic group more extensively investigated to assess MP contamination in marine environment. A large variability in MP bioaccumulation (i.e., body burden) was reported in fish but to date there is a dearth of information concerning the drivers underlying this process. The present systematic review aimed at summarizing the results of the scientific literature on MP body burden in the digestive tract of marine fish to quantitatively shed light on the contribution of different geographical (i.e., latitudinal origin of the sample, distance from the coastline and field- or marked-collected) and ecological (i.e., trophic strategy, milieu, and body size) factors driving bioaccumulation. The mean (±SE) MPs/individual was 4.13 ± 2.87, and the mean MPs/ww (i.e., MPs/g) was 5.92 ± 0.94. Overall, MP abundance expressed as MPs/individual of fish from tropical areas was significantly higher compared to the other latitudinal bands, with species sampled close to the coastline that accumulated a larger number of MPs compared to those collected offshore. Neither the trophic strategy, nor the milieu and the market or field origin of fish explained the MP body burden. However, fish body size resulted as a determinant of MP body burden (as MPs/individual), with small fish accumulating a lower amount of MPs compared to larger ones. Qualitatively, but not statistically significant, similar results were generally obtained for MPs/ww, except for an opposite, and significant, variation according to species body size. Our findings showed that geographical, rather than ecological factors represent the main drivers of MP body burden in marine fish, suggesting that environmental variables and/or local pollution sources mainly contribute to explaining the large variability underlying the ingestion and bioaccumulation processes of these contaminants. [Display omitted] • Microplastic (MP) body burden of marine fish depends on geographic origin of sample. • Trophic strategy did not affect MP body burden of marine fish. • Milieu did not affect MP body burden of marine fish. • Body size is a determinant of MP body burden in marine fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]