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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the neonicotinoid insecticide Thiacloprid on oxidative stress, genotoxic, and immunotoxic biomarkers in Galleria mellonella. The effects of neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid on antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, hemocyte number, micronucleus frequency of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae at different doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 µg) and periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs) were explored. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly at 5, 10, and 15 µg thiacloprid doses compared to the control and negative control in all periods tested, while significantly decreased at 20, 25, and 30 µg doses. Catalase (CAT) activity showed significant increases at 5, 10 and 15 µg thiacloprid doses at 24 and 96h compared to the control and negative control. MDA concentrations showed significant increases in all periods compared to the control and negative control. At 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th, total hemocyte count (THC) decreased significantly at all doses except 5 µg thiacloprid concentration. During all the tested periods, there was a significant increase in the number of micronuclei, particularly at high doses of thiacloprid (20, 25, and 30 µg) compared to both the control and negative control. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between MDA and the number of micronuclei, while other markers showed a negative correlation with micronucleus (MN). These results suggest that high doses of thiacloprid induce significant increases in micronuclei formation and are positively correlated with MDA levels, indicating oxidative damage and genotoxicity caused by thiacloprid exposure in the tested organism. Overall, our findings suggest that the measured parameters can be considered reliable biomarkers to demonstrate oxidative damage from thiacloprid exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and Cu nanoparticles with chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays on the bone marrow of male BALB/c mice. Three doses of Al2O3, Fe2O3 (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg), or Cu (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) nanoparticles were administered to mice through intraperitoneal injection once a day for 14 days and compared with negative control (distilled water) and positive control (mitomycin C and methyl methanesulphonate). Al2O3 and Fe2O3 did not show genotoxic effects, but Cu nanoparticles induced significant (P

The continuous production and release into the environment of chemicals has revealed the need to determine their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Sulfonamide-aldehyde (SA) derivatives, whose biological activity properties vary in a wide spectrum, are frequently used in agriculture, medicine, pharmacy and many other fields. These compounds have an important cycle in the ecological system due to their use and diversity. In the present study, the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sulfonamide-aldehyde derivative were investigated using Allium test system with the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM. In A. cepa cells, the increasing concentrations of SA caused cytotoxic effects by inducing nuclear lesions and inhibition of mitotic index. In addition, the increasing concentrations of SA caused genotoxic effects by inducing micronucleus and chromosome aberrations, which the most common ones are C-mitosis, sticky metaphase, and anaphase bridge. The results indicate that the concentration of 25 μM is EC50 in micronucleus, nuclear lesions, and chromosome aberrations; and 50 μM is EC50 in mitotic index (p lt; 0.05).

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the antigenotoxic effect of Ganoderma lucidum against the damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat bone marrow cells by micronucleus test and comet analysis. Method: In the experiment, 28 Wistar albino female rats were used and 4 groups were formed. Only physiological saline was applied to the control group. A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg LPS was administered intraperitoneally to the LPS group. LPS+ Ganoderma lucidum (GL): Ganoderma lucidum was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day for one week. Then, on the 8th day, LPS was applied intraperitoneally. Ganoderma lucidum group: GL was given by gavage at 50 mg/kg per day for 1 week. After 24 hours, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation under anesthesia. Analyzes were performed for percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and Polychromatic erythrocytes/Normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio and DNA damage in rat femur bone marrow cells. Results: When the percentage of micronucleus and PCE/NCE ratio were examined, no statistical significance was observed when the groups were compared both with the control and among themselves. Compared to the control group, it was observed that the comet parameters of the experimental groups (excluding the head DNA) increased significantly. Length tail (L tail), tail DNA, olive tail moment (OTM) values were significantly different both compared to the control and among themselves. While there was a significant difference between LPS+GL group and LPS and GL groups in Tail Moment (TM) value and Length comet (L comet) value, no difference was observed between LPS and GL groups. Conclusion: When all of the findings is considered, Ganoderma lucidum cannot be classified as a genotoxic agent. We can say, however, that it reverses the genotoxic damage in issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology / Arhiv za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diazinon, a widely used pesticide, has toxic effects on non-target organisms. This study aimed to investigate the protective and healing effect of ginger against the toxicity promoted by diazinon in meristem cells with physiological, genotoxic and biochemical parameters. In addition, root meristem cell damages were examined. For this purpose, A. cepa bulbs were divided into 6 groups (control, 240 mg/L ginger, 480 mg/L ginger, 500 mg/L diazinone, 500 mg/L diazinone + 240 mg/L ginger and 500 mg/L diazinone + 480 mg/L ginger). Diazinon increased superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, malondialdehyde level, micronucleus frequency, chromosomal abnormality density and meristematic cell damage; but reduced the mitotic index, germination percentage, root length, weight gain. Ginger reduced all these toxicity indicators depending on the dose when administered with diazinon. This study clearly demonstrated the protective role of ginger against the toxic effects of diazinon on non-target organisms using the A. cepa model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to determine acetamipridine's (ACE) genotoxic effect in mus musculus var. albinos bone marrow cells by chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) analysis. Mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 determined as negative control (NC), group 2, 3 and 4 were determined as 5 mg/kg ACE, 10 mg/kg ACE, and 15 mg/kg ACE groups respectively. ACE was given orally for 14 days. CA, mitotic index (MI) and MN frequencies were determined in femoral cells. As a result, no genotoxic effects were observed in groups treated with 5-10 mg/kg ACE compared to negative control. CA rates of 15 mg/kg ACE group was determined to be high (P<0.001). In addition, MI ratio in the 15 mg/kg ACE group was lower than the control group. When the ratios of the polychromatic erythrocyte with micronucleus were examined, no significant difference was found between the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg ACE groups and control group. However, a statistically significant increase in MNPCE rates was observed in the 15 mg/kg ACE group compared to control ones (P<0.001). It was concluded that ACE at 15 mg/kg dose was genotoxic-cytotoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent accepted as safe for environment and used for producing cotton fabrics. This process requires alkaline medium, stabilizer and high temperature. For this purpose, it is used extensively in the textile industry. Potassium permanganate is a widely used agent in our country as it is easier to obtain compared to other oxidizing agents. In this study, we investigated whether occupational exposure to potassium permanganate causes genotoxic effect or not. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a denim factory located in the Organized Industrial Zone in Sivas. The total number of employees was 600 in the factory including 50 workers in the office and 550 workers in the production department. The study group was consisted of 32 healthy males, non-smokers, without chronic diseases and infections. They had been working at least 2 years in denim bleaching unit. The control group was consisted of 30 healthy male volunteers, at similar age, non-smokers, working in administrative or desk jobs in the same factory, with little or no risk of chemical exposure. Workers who had an infection in the last month and who were on medication were excluded from the study. In Vitro Micronucleus Test was used to determine the genotoxic effect of potassium permanganate. The venous blood samples taken from the workers and controls was cultured in laboratory conditions according to Fenech's method with minor modifications. Evaluation of slides was carried out according to Fenech's microscopic survey criteria at ×1000 magnification. The frequencies of the total number of micronuclei in the lymphocytes (MNL) and bi-nucleated cells with the micronuclei (BNMN) were determined. In addition, to determine the frequencies of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), 1000 nucleated cells with well-preserved cytoplasm were also evaluated. Student's T-test was used for statistical evaluation. Results: When groups were compared, the micronucleus frequency was detected as about twice high in study group. Statistically significant difference was detected between the study and control group (p<0.05). The nuclear bud frequency was significantly higher in study groups than in controls (p<0.05). Although the number of nucleoplasmic bridges were higher in study group, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Indicators of genotoxic effect were higher in the group with potassium permanganate exposure than the control group. High micronucleus and nuclear bud frequencies in the study group may be indicative of genotoxicity. It may be thought that clastogenic and mutagenic risk increases for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent widely used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent. The genotoxicity of CP has been studied in a variety of in vivo and in vitro systems and is routinely used as a positive control in genotoxicity tests. Traditional medicine Nigella sativa L., (N. sativa), Ranunculaceae family, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean countries, especially in many countries, and is widely used in many countries as a spice and folk medicine since the time of Dioscorides used as a plant. In this study, it was aimed to show the protective effects of N. sativa oil at different concentrations against the genotoxic effects of CP by micronucleus test. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, healthy cells were treated in vitro with N. sativa oil at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μg/mL and CP as positive control for 68 hours. The micronuclei were then counted. Results: No significant increase in micronucleus frequency was observed when the application of N. sativa oil at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μg/mL compared with the negative control. There was a decrease in the number of micronucleus in all three concentrations (1, 5, 10 μg/mL) compared to the CP group in the groups treated with N. sativa oil and CP. Conclusion: It has been shown that N. sativa oil may have protective effects against genotoxicity agents in vitro. But more work is needed to understand the mechanism of the genotoxicity effects of N. sativa oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette contains toxic chemical compounds that trigger DNA instability. Initial genotoxic oral cavity characterized by the appearance of micronucleus (MN) in the buccal mucosa. Folate is needed in maintaining DNA stability. This study aimed to compare the effects of folic acid usual doses (400 mcg and 1.000 mcg) on the MN frequency of buccal mucosa in active smokers. It is a clinical trial conducted in November 2018 in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung of 53 active smokers who divided into two treatment groups. Group A was administered by 400 mcg and group B 1,000 mcg folic acid supplementation within three weeks. The buccal mucosa smear stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed through a light microscope with 100× and 400× magnification. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test statistically. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (p=0.00) in MN frequency in folic acid supplementation for three weeks, namely group A=6.39±3.92 and group B=6.93±5.82 in pre-supplementation, and group A=3.80±2.66 and group B=3.31±2.71 post-supplementation of folic acid. Giving a dose of 400 mcg and 1,000 mcg for three weeks did not provide significant results (p=0.94) with Kruskal-Wallis test. In conclusion, administration of folic acid at usual dose give results to a decrease in the buccal mucosa MN frequency in active smokers. ASAM FOLAT DOSIS LAZIM MENURUNKAN FREKUENSI MIKRONUKLEUS MUKOSA BUKAL PADA PEROKOK Asap rokok mengandung senyawa kimia toksik yang memicu ketidakstabilan DNA. Deteksi genotoksik awal rongga mulut ditandai dengan kemunculan mikronukleus (MN) pada mukosa bukal. Folat diperlukan dalam menjaga kestabilan DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek asam folat dosis lazim (400 mcg dan 1.000 mcg) terhadap frekuensi MN mukosa bukal pada perokok aktif. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis yang dilakukan pada bulan November 2018 di Laboratorium Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung terhadap 53 perokok aktif yang dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok A mendapatkan suplementasi asam folat 400 mcg dan kelompok B mendapatkan suplementasi asam folat 1.000 mcg selama tiga pekan. Apus mukosa bukal diwarnai dengan hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dan diamati melalui mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 100× dan 400x. Data dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan frekuensi MN yang signifikan (p=0.00) terhadap suplementasi asam folat selama tiga minggu, yaitu kelompok A=3,80±2,66 dan kelompok B=3,31±2,71 pada pre-suplementasi, serta kelompok A=6,39±3,92 dan kelompok B=6,93±5,82 pascasuplementasi asam folat. Pemberian dosis 400 mcg dan 1.000 mcg selama tiga minggu tidak memberikan hasil yang bermakna (p=0,94) berdasar atas Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Simpulan, pemberian asam folat dosis lazim memberikan hasil baik terhadap penurunan frekuensi MN mukosa bukal pada perokok aktif.

Working at the chromosomal level of DNA damage is the mainstay of the genetic toxicology researches. The micronucleus assay is one of the developed methods to evaluate chromosomal damage. Micronuclei are non-centromeric chromosomes/chromatids fragments, or chromosomes/chromatids which lagging in the anaphase and cannot migrate to the poles, located in the cytoplasm without being included in the sister cell nuclei and surrounded by cell membranes in telophase. In this method, besides micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) can be evaluated, cell death and nuclear division index (NDI) can be measured. NPBs originated from the centromeres of dicentric chromosomes migrating to different poles, are indicative of DNA mis-repair, chromosome rearrangement, telomere end-fusions. NBUDs are considered as markers of gene amplification and/or altered gene dosage. In addition to NDI, establishing to necrotic and apoptotic cells may allow the determination of mitotic activity and cytotoxicity. All these analysed parameters have transformed micronucleus method into "cytome" assay by which chromosomal instability phenotypes and altered cellular viability caused by genetic defects, nutritional deficiencies, genotoxins from exogenous sources can be measured comprehensively. In this review, the place and importance of micronucleus method in genotoxicity studies and the innovations caused by the cytome approach are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object: E. coli is a type of bacterium that causes urinary tract infections in women. The aim of the work was to investigate the possible use of epithelial cells from the urinary tract in identifying infections-related DNA damage effects in women. Methods: Epithelial cells from urinary tract were collected from 40 E .coli infection and 40 control (non- infection) women and subjected to micronucleus assay. Number of cells with micronucleated, binucleated cells were counted in two groups as parameters for the evaluation of genome stability. All of urine samples pH, leukocyte, leukocyte esterase, nitrite results measured with H-800 urine analyzer and FUS-200 urine sediment analyzer. Result: E. coli infection and non-infection groups test results were statistically evaluated with Mann-Whitney U and Independent Sample T test. A p-value of <0.05 was found statistically significant for micronucleus, binucleus, and urine , leukocyte, leukocyte esterase and nitrite parameters. pH results was not found statistically significant (p>0,05). Conclusion: The detection of E. coli in urinary tract epithelial cells showed that induce DNA damage. It can be said that patients with early antibiotics and doses, early treatment may help to reduce the level of DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide exposure may cause genotoxic effects by inducing the formation of micronucleus (Mn). Mn are fragments of chromosomes that remains after cells division. The increase in Mn may increase the risk of cancer formation. Our study aimed to determine the effects of lifestyle and pesticide exposure on the formation of Mn in epithelial cells from buccal swabs among paddy farmers in Malaysia. About 40 farmers who were exposed to pesticides were chosen as subjects and 30 personnels whose not directly exposed to pesticides, were chosen as the control group. Demographic and anthropometric data were obtained from questionnaires developed. Analysis of Mn formation was done using Giemsa staining (10% v/v) and the frequency of Mn formation was scored from 1000 cells per sample. Kruskal-Wallis test done between Mn frequency with age group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Mn frequency in farmers as compared to the control in the age group of 30-39, 40-49 years, and 50-59 years. Significant increased (p < 0.05) were observed between Mn frequency groups of normal BMI, pre-obese, and grade 1 obese as compared to control. Significant increase of Mn frequency (p < 0.01) was also seen among smokers and farmer's group (15.39 ± 3.34) as compared to controls (4.76 ± 1.26). The maximum numbers of Mn found in farmers are 7 Mn per cell whereas for control group is only 3 Mn. However, most farmers had only 1 Mn (81.75 ± 6.42%) and 2 Mn (15.28 ± 5.14%). Mn frequency with the duration of exposure to pesticides in a month and the use of PPE revealed no significant difference (p = 0.27). In conclusion, the increased frequency of Mn was influenced by age, gender, BMI and smoking status of farmers besides commonly repeated duration of exposures and the use of PPE. Further studies are needed to analyze the causes of an increased in Mn among farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Through an evaluation of the biological dose, we aimed to evaluate the risks of ionizing radiation to which physicians and auxiliary healthcare personnel working in orthopedic operating rooms are exposed to via diagnostic use of fluoroscopy. Methods: Blood samples were collected from physicians and auxiliary healthcare personnel working in the orthopedic operating room. The biological dose was evaluated using micronucleus and dicentric analysis. To assess the effects of physical and chemical agents together, a total of 31,000 binucleate cells were evaluated using the micronucleus method and 16,500 metaphase plaques were evaluated using dicentric analysis, which is accepted as the most important indicator in determining the effects of radiation. Results: The study participants comprised 18 males and 5 females (16 physicians, 4 nurses, and 3 patient carers) with a mean age of 34.1 years (range, 22-58 years) who were thought to have been exposed to ionizing radiation in the working environment. The mean duration of working under ionizing radiation was 73.6 months (range, 1.5-420 months). In the blood samples, the total micronucleus frequency was determined as 8.8±1.4. In the evaluation of the 16,500 metaphysis plaques, radiation-specific dicentric was observed in 5 subjects (normal frequency: 5/10,000). As a result of the analysis made use both methods, the dose was determined to be slightly above background level, and below risk level in 6 subjects. The dose was related with medical applications in 4 of these subjects. Conclusion: Fluoroscopy should be attempted in the operating room within a restricted time as far as possible and at measurements of high kV and low mA. kV-mA values are of utmost importance for providing the best results according to the nature of the operation; the tube outlet is predefined away from the patient's skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of chromium chloride (CrCl3·6H2O), chromium picolinate (CrPic) and picolinic acid on malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hidroksi-2′-deoksiguanosine (8-OHdG) and genome damage in rabbits. Material and methods: Forty, New Zealand rabbits were equally assigned to four groups which received either distilled water or 20 mg/day Cr (CrC13·6H20), 200 μg/day CrPic and 1400 μg/day picolinic acid for 50 days. On the 25th and 50th days, MDA and 8-OHdG levels and the apoptotic-necrotic cells, micronucleus (MN), micronuclear buds (NBUD) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) frequencies and on the 50th day, serum Cr and liver MDA levels were determined. Results: CrPic increased live weight and feed consumption. On the 25th day of treatment, decreases were detected in MDA levels and MN, NPK and NBUD frequencies in CrPic and picolinic acid groups, and in 8-OHdG levels in CrCl3·6H2O and CrPic groups. Slight or significant differences were determined in all investigated parameters between the measurements of on days 25 and 50. Conclusion: Improvements in of MDA and 8-OHdG levels and genome damage indicators due to CrPic and picolinic acid on the 25th day of the treatment may show that short term of CrPic supplementation reduces oxidative and chromosomal DNA damage in rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium) are rich in flavonoids such as anthocyanins that are beneficial for the immune system. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro antigenotoxicity and anticytotoxicity of total antochyanins extracted from Prunus avium (TAP) using by chromosomal aberration (CA), single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) and micronucleus assay (MN) in human peripheral lymphocytes. 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL concentrations of TAP was screened for its protective activity using mytomicin-C and H2O2 induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Also, positive, negative and solvent controls were used. According to the positive control TAP statistically decreased the abnormal cell percentage and CA/cell in 200 and 400 μg/mL at 24 h treatment and in all concentrations at 48 h. On the other hand, it was significantly increased the mitotic index in only 200 μg/mL at 24h and in all concentrations (except 200μg/mL) at 48h. Similarly, TAP were reduced MN frequency in all concentrations according to the positive control. In the comet assay, significant decreases in comet tail length, tail moment and tail intensity were observed in all concentrations. According to these results, we demonstrate that TAP has potent anticytotoxic and antigenotoxic effect against MMC and H2O2- induced genotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The expression of 8-oxo-dG is defined as one form of damaged DNA occuring as the result of oxidation reaction due to X ray exposure. Panoramic radiography exposure has been widely known to be able to increase micronucleus which are signing the early stage and as biomarker in carsinogenesis mechanism. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between micronucleus number and 8-oxo-dG expression as a result of panoramic radiography exposure. Methods: Twelve New Zealand male rabbits aging 6 months were divided into 4 groups. Group I were rabbits that represented 0 day, group II represented 3th day, group III represented 6th day, and group IV represented 9th day after the panoramic radiography exposure. Respectively samples were swabbed at mandibular anterior gingival mucosa before and after the panoramic radiography exposure. The swabbed samples were coloured by using Feulgen-Rossenbeck modified staining for calculating the amount of micronucleus formation. Expression of 8-oxodG was detected using immunohistochemical of rabbit’s gingival mucosa epithelium. Statistical analysis were carried out on pearson correlation. Results: There was a highest increasing of micronucleus on the 9th day after panoramic radiography exposure. Meanwhile, there was significant correlation (p=0,049) of the increasing amount of micronucleus and 8-oxo-dG expression in negatively correlation (r = -0,578). The increasing of micronucleus formation on the 9th day after panoramic radiography exposure was accordance with some previous studies. The expression score of 8-oxo-dG decreases as the day goes by. Conclusion: There was a correlation between the number of micronucleus and expression score of 8-oxo-dG.Latar belakang: Ekspresi 8-oxo-dG adalah suatu bentuk kerusakan DNA yang terjadi akibat reaksi oksidatif dari paparan sinar X. Paparan radiografi panoramik telah diketahui menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus yang merupakan biomarker tahap dini mekanisme karsinogenesis. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti korelasi antara jumlah mikronukleus dan ekspresi 8-oxo-dG akibat paparan radiografi panoramik. Metode: Sebanyak 12 ekor kelinci New Zealand jantan usia 6 bulan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I merupakan kelinci untuk mewakili hari ke-0, kelompok II untuk mewakili hari ke-3, kelompok III untuk mewakili hari ke-6, dan kelompok IV untuk mewakili hari ke-9 setelah paparan radiografi panoramik. Terhadap seluruh kelinci dilakukan usapan pada mukosa gingiva anterior rahang bawah sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan paparan radiografi. Selanjutnya terhadap sampel usapan itu dilakukan pewarnaan menggunakan teknik pewarnaan modifikasi Feulgen-Rossenbeck untuk menghitung jumlah mikronukleus. Ekspresi 8-oxo-dG dinilai dari pemeriksaan imunohistokimia pada sel epitel mukosa gingiva kelinci. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus paling tinggi terjadi pada hari ke-9 setelah paparan radiografi panoramik. Sementara itu, terdapat korelasi yang signifikan (p=0,049) antara peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus dan ekspresi 8-oxo-dG dengan arah korelasi yang negatif (r=-0,578). Peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus yang terjadi pada hari ke-9 setelah paparan radiografi panoramik ini sesuai dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Dengan bertambahnya hari skor ekspresi 8-oxo-dG semakin menurun. Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara jumlah mikronukleus dan skor ekspresi 8-oxo-dG.

In the present study, toxic effects of glyphosate on Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) cells were investigated. For this aim, we used the germination percentage, root length, seedling weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, frequency of micronucleus (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index (MI) as indicators of toxicity. In addition to the analyses mentioned above, we also examined changes in the root anatomy of A. cepa seeds treated with glyphosate. Glyphosate was applied with three different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg l -1). The results showed significant alterations in the germination percentage, root length, seedling weight, MDA level, MN, CAs and MI frequency depending on treatment doses in the glyphosate treated groups. Glyphosate-exposure significantly reduced the germination percentage, root length and seedling weight in all the treatment groups (P

One of widely used methods in genotoxicity tests is micronucleus technique. Hen's Egg Test for Micronucleus Induction (HET-MN) is a member of relatively new of micronucleus tests. HET-MN is an extremely simple, inexpensive and rapid genotoxicity assay which is positioned between pure in vitro and in vivo analysis, strictly in line with animal protection regulations and ethical aspects. Furthermore the high metabolic competency provided by this model enables metabolic activation of xenobiotics including mutagens and promutagens. In this article, recent publications about the kinds of micronucleus tests and then the application of HET-MN have been compiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Formic acid is an ubiquitous chemical constituent in the environment, being produced by sources as diverse as vegetation, ants, soil, vehicles, biomass burning, and photochemical reactions. The present work is focused on in vitro analysis of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of formic acid, using cytogenetic tests such as the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) and chromosomal aberration analysis, in human lymphocytes. Method: This study was carried out using blood samples from healthy, non-smoking adults aged 18-22 years, of whom 10 were male and 6 were famale. Different concentrations (0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 mM) of formic acid was added to the lymphocyte culture test for chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis. Mitomycin-C (0.3 mg/ml) was used as the positive control. Human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells were treated with 20, 40, 60, 80 mM concentrations of formic acid for 48 h. for the CBMN test. Mitomycin-C (0.5 mg/ml) was added to the Lymphocyte culture as a positive control. The present research was carried out to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of formic acid on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), as well as chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis. Results: A significant increase was observed for induction of micronucleus frequency in all treatments of formic acid concentrations for 48 h. comparing with the negative control and mitomycin C (MMC, 0.5 μg/ml) which was used as positive control. When compared with negative control and with mitomycin C (MMC, 0.3 μg/ml) which is used as positive control, it is observed that formic acid is rising the frequency of chromosomal aberration significantly at all appliance concantrations in 24 h. The frequency of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations increased in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that there were significant correlations between formic acid concentration and micronuclei frequency (r= 0.92), numbers of necrotic cells (r= 0.95), and apoptotic cells (r= 0.91). Conclusion: Our data provided evidence that there is a significant correlation between the concentration of formic acid and the following chromosomal aberrations: frequency of micronuclei, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual sensitivity to ionising radiation (IR) is the result of interaction between exposure, DNA damage, and its repair, which is why polymorphisms in DNA repair genes could play an important role. We examined the association between DNA damage, expressed as micronuclei (MNi), nuclear buds (NBs), and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected DNA repair genes (APE1, hOGG1, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, PARP1, MGMT genes; representative of the different DNA repair pathways operating in mammals) in 77 hospital workers chronically exposed to low doses of IR, and 70 matched controls. A significantly higher MNi frequency was found in the exposed group (16.2±10.4 vs. 11.5±9.4; P=0.003) and the effect appeared to be independent from the principal confounding factor. Exposed individuals with hOGG1, XRCC1, PARP1, and MGMT wild-type alleles or APEX1, as well as XPD (rs13181) heterozygous showed a significantly higher MNi frequency than controls with the same genotypes. Genetic polymorphism analysis and cytogenetic dosimetry have proven to be a powerful tool complementary to physical dosimetry in regular health surveillance programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate whether Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), the synthetic antioxidant and food additive, increases the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in rat bone marrow. BHT, dissolved in corn oil, was administered intraperitoneally to 8-10 week old male and female Wistar rats (n=36) in three different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.) for two different time periods. 12 and 24-h after BHT treatment, the bone marrow samples were analyzed for the frequency of MNPCEs. Additionally, by evaluating the ratio of polychromatic erythrocyte to normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE/NCE), the cytotoxic effect of BHT on bone marrow was tested. It was found that all BHT doses at two time periods significantly increased the MNPCEs frequency about 1.9-2.84 fold. On the other hand, BHT caused significant decreased in the PCE/NCE ratio, which is indicative of bone marrow cytotoxicity when compared to the control groups. This study showed that BHT increased the formation of MNPCEs in rat bone marrow and we think that this increase might be related to the applied doses and the administration way BHT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study physiological and cytogenetic effects of 1,4 Dioxane used in daily lives frequently in the composition of cleaning and cosmetic products on Allium cepa L. root tip cells were investigated. A.cepa seeds were used as test material. Germination percentage, root lenght and weight gain was used as physiological indicators and chromosomal damage, micronucleus (MN) frequency, mitotoc index (MI) was used as cytotoxicity indicators and these datas were correlated with statistical parameters. The seeds of A.cepa were divided into three groups: control (Group I) and 1,4 Dioxane treatment groups. Group II and Group III were treated with 50 ppm and 100 ppm 1,4 Dioxane, respectively for 72 hours. As a result, it was determined that Dioxane fairly decreased the germination percentage, root length and weight gain depending on dose in seeds all treatment groups, whereas chromosomal damage and MN rate was increased. In conclusion, data obtained in this study indicated that 1,4 Dioxane has a dose dependent cytotoxic effects on root tip cells of A.cepa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Strontium is a naturally occurring element that exists in the environment mainly as a free metal or in the (II) oxidation state. In this study, rats were treated by gavage with 500 mg/kg of strontium ranelate dissolved in saline three times per week for 12 weeks (chronic treatment) and 24 hours (acute treatment). The genotoxic potential of strontium ranelate was investigated in Wistar rat peripheral blood, using the micronucleus (MN) test systems. In addition to this test system, we also investigated the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) as a cytotoxicity marker. Strontium ranelate induced micronucleus formation in peripheral blood and bone marrow of rats. It is determined that strontium ranelate has cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood cell population upon both acute and chronic treatment (p<0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genotoxic effects of sublethal doses of cadmium in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus was investigated using micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) tests. For this reason, the fish were exposed to medium changes of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L doses of cadmium (Cd) during an average treatment period of 10 days. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 10th days of the test period, the erythrocytes, including the micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities such as lobbed nuclei (LB), blebbed nuclei (BL), and notched nuclei (NT), were counted and pointed out. As a positive control, a 4 mg/L dose of cyclophosphamide was used. Exposure to doses of cadmium caused significantly increased (P < 0.05) micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of fish. It was also observed that the application of a 1.0 mg/L dose of Cd produced more of an effect on MN frequencies than the application of a 0.5 mg/L dose. The maximum frequencies of MN were recorded on the fourth day of the experiment period. Exposure to doses of cadmium caused significantly increased (P < 0.05) NA (LB, BL, and NT) frequencies and, as with the MN results, the 1.0 mg/L dose of Cd had more of an effect than the 0.5 mg/L dose on NA frequencies. The maximum frequencies of NAs were recorded on the fourth day of the experiment. As a result of these doses of Cd, the MN and NA frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of fish were observed to increase in relation to both the time and dose applied. However, a gradual trend of decrease was also observed starting from the sixth day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present research was to investigate the genotoxic potency of benzoyl peroxide (BPO), a whitener of flour and cheese, using in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests in human peripheral lymphocytes. Cells were exposed to 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL concentrations of BPO for 24 and 48 h. BPO induced SCEs only at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL) for 48 h treatment. Furthermore, BPO induced CAs at 75 and 100 μg/mL concentrations for 24 h treatment, and at all concentrations for 48 h treatment. BPO induced CAs in a dose-dependent manner for 24 and 48 h treatment periods. Increased level of MN formation induced by BPO was only observed for the 48 h treatment period at the 2 highest concentrations (75 and 100 μg/mL). Statistically significant reductions in the proliferation index (PI) and mitotic index (MI) were only detected in cultures for the 48-h treatment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the town of Settat has seen a considerable industrial growth, which has resulted in increased environmental pollution. This includes pollution by household and industrial wastewaters, which are released into the Boumoussa River without any preliminary treatment. The river valley crosses the community of Mzamza 8 km to the north of the town. Years of drought forced members of the community to use this polluted ground water for irrigation and put themselves and the environment at risk. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical and metal profile of Settat wastewaters and to assess their impact on the water table. The second objective was to investigate the genotoxic potential of wastewater on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, using the micronucleus test and cellular proliferation index. This study demonstrated significant pollution of Boumoussa valley groundwater and of the local wells. Sampled water induced a clear increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells and a lower cell proliferation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Micronucleus (MN) assay is considered as a useful and fast screening test to determine MN frequency indicating the chromosomal damage and instability. The aim of this study was to determine MN formation by using MN assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Materials and Methods: This study included fifteen patients with PID (5 with ataxia telangiectasia, 5 with common variable immunodeficiency, 3 with severe combined immunodeficiency and 2 with agammaglobulinemia) and 15 healthy age-matched children. Results: There was a significant increased MN frequency in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes with Cyt-B in all patients (p< 0.05) when compared with the control group. When we compared the MN frequency among patients, the incidence of micronuclei (MNs) was found to be similar in cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies (IDs). However, the incidence of one-centromere-positive MNs was significantly higher in cellular IDs (p< 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the increased MN incidence and centromere positivity detected in PID diseases may be consistent with the chromosome instability, which contributes to the follow-up in these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radioprotective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Chicorium intybus (Chicory) against radiation induced chromosomal damage was investigated. Adult Swiss albino mice were exposed to 4 Gy 60Co γ-rays. Aqueous extract (50 and 100 mg/kg body wt) was administered orally just after irradiation. Bone marrow protection was evaluated by scoring the different types of individual aberrations and aberrant metaphases, 24hrs after irradiation. Significant reduction in number of aberrant cells and different type of aberrations was observed in treated group compared to irradiated untreated group of animals. The administration of aqueous leaf extract of Chicory to the animals showed significant reduction in micronucleus induction. The extract also possessed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The effectiveness of the drug to prevent chromosomal damage consequent to irradiation along with its high solubility in water, favor its application, in accidental radiation exposures and nuclear accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)