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This article assesses the role of social origin for Romanian migrants in Western Europe, compared to stayers in their origin country. We propose a novel theoretical model of status attainment to account for the migration process, including the self-selection to migration on the basis of individual characteristics and the effect of the area/context on social mobility. Our sample (elaborated from the EUCROSS 2012 survey) includes 1772 working-age Romanian citizens who completed their education in Romania. Our results show that self-selection played a role in not only the Romanians' decision to migrate but also the choice of destination (either Southern Europe or Central-Northern Europe), being migrants in Southern Europe negatively self-selected with respect to both social origin (men) and education (both men and, especially, women). We also found that the disadvantage of Romanian migrants (measured through the International Socio-Economic Index), compared to stayers, was reinforced by a higher influence of social origin for women, who, in addition, got even lower returns to education abroad. Contrary to the expectations of both academic scholars and the institutions supporting EU free movement, migration to Western Europe (at least in the case of Romanians) was not a way out, but rather reinforced ascription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster policies have been implemented for many years across Europe. Within an evolutionary perspective, industrial development policies need to be updated, and adapted to respond to new changing scenarios, challenges and demands of the social and economic community. It is the case of the challenges raised by climate change and the recent international summits and agreements (e.g. 2016 Paris Agreement or the recent COP27 in Sharm-el-Sheikh) or by exogenous shocks to supply and demand due to present international crises. This is the focus of this paper that analyses the evolution of cluster policies and identifies a specific gap that could and should be addressed soon. The policy literature thoroughly examines several areas that cluster policy should target to respond to the afore-mentioned challenges. However, one component is not adequately considered. This is the social capital linked to the important migration waves that have modified the social spectrum of European economies and have produced a strong impact on the way industry clusters function. Specific actions are required to address these important transformations and to restore the 'social embeddedness of economic action' and the social capital that ignites the competitive capacity of clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two major migrations of Mongols outside the territory of Mongolia are known. The first was in the process of the Mongol conquests of the XIII century. The second is the transition of the Oirat Mongols from Western Mongolia to Xinjiang, Semirechye and the Northern Caspian region in the first half of the XVII century, with the formation of the Dzungarian and Kalmyk khanates. There was also migration of Kalmaks (Dzungars) from the territory of the Dzungarian Khanate to other regions after its defeat by China in 1755-59. Within the framework of population genetics, two subpopulations are distinguished among the Mongols: the Oirat Mongols and the Khalkha Mongols (western and eastern Mongols). Both subpopulations participated in the first migration, and only the OiratMongols participated in the second and third. In terms of frequencies, different subclades of the Y-chromosome C haplogroup dominate in subpopulations. Based on this, it is possible to set the task of separately searching for genetic traces of Mughal migration in the XIII century, as well as Oirat migrations in the XVII and XVIII centuries in the gene pool of populations of Eastern Europe and Asian regions. The subclades of haplogroup C are allocated in the YTree Tree: C-Y11591 «Sungir», C-K281 «Kostenki», C-M8574 «Unidentified», C-Y10418 «Avars», C-M48 «Kalmyks», C-M504 «Khazarians» and C-F1067 «Mongols-Khalkha (?)». Their ethnogeography is considered. The subclades «Kalmyks» and «Khazarians» are Oirat. The subclade «Mongols-Khalkha (?)» presumably refers to the Khalkha Mongols. Genetic traces of the migration of the Oirat Mongols in the XVII and XVIII centuries have been revealed the Tatars of Tatarstan, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions. Tatars, carriers of haplogroup C, are their descendants.

The analysis of ethnodemographic processes is relevant not only because of the negative demographic trends growing in the regions of Asian Russia, but also in connection with Russia’s turn to the East. The authors of the article give a detailed description of the modern ethnic composition of the population in the regions of the Ural, Siberian, and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation and the regions bordering them, those of Kazakhstan, China, and Mongolia. The object of the study were Russians, Kazakhs, Tuvinians, Mongols, and Chinese. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their number and location, and the identification of factors and consequences of changes in the ethnic composition of the population. A definitive feature of the border regions is the high proportion and absolute number of those peoples who make up the majority of the population of neighboring States. At the same time, the demographic behavior of the peoples living on different sides of the border differs. In studying the ethnodemographic processes, the increasing demographic asymmetry between the regions of Russia and neighboring states causes the greatest attention and certain concern. In the regions of the Asian part of Russia, the total population is decreasing, largely due to Russians who have a predominant model of reproduction of the population with a low birth rate and relatively high mortality. Kazakhs, Buryats, and Tuvinians in Russia are characterized by stable numbers and reproduction, although there is a tendency to decrease the birth rate. In the border areas of Kazakhstan, the tendency towards a decrease in the number of the Russian population and its replacement by a titular nationality does not weaken.

Abstract Stroke is an extensive health problem in Ukraine, the prominence and effects of which are aggravated by the burden of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. In this study, we aimed to holistically examine the overall stroke epidemiology in Ivano-Frankivsk using data from a secondary healthcare center in the city. We determine an increasing trend in stroke admissions since 2020, with a notable 22.4% increase in 2023, mainly due to ischemic stroke occurrence. In the same year, a significant non-linear relationship between stroke incidence and frequency of news about attacks was observed. Ordinal regression analysis of general sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors influencing outcomes for intravenous thrombolysis-treated patients, revealed the significance of the 24-h National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (0.32 ± 0.03) and interaction of age and Door-to-Needle Time (− 0.28 ± 0.08). However, the extension of the latter independently is not significantly correlated with patient outcomes. In conclusion, war-induced stress, intranational migrations, and lack of adequate chronic cardiovascular disease management are primarily responsible for these results. Modulations and improvements to the current healthcare system, including managing chronic diseases and early stroke symptom recognition, are necessary to optimize patient outcomes.

The aim of this research is an analysis of the long‐term dynamics of the composition and number of migratory waterfowl in the southeast of the forest zone of Western Siberia.Visual observations of waterfowl migration were carried out in the format of daily 2‐hour morning counts in April‐May through a period 18 years (1998–2023) near the Tomsk on the Tom river. Additionally, in 2002–2003, simultaneous migration was also observed on the Ob river in the southern, central and northern parts of the Tomsk region. The method of E.I. Gavrilova and E.V. Kumari was used with some modifications. Birds were counted which were transit flying via the territory, as well as birds sitting on the lake water in the area of the observation point.Twenty‐one species of waterfowl have been registered. Analysis of long‐term dynamics has revealed a trend towards a decrease in the total number of migrating waterfowl. In the most abundant species, Anas acuta, this trend is statistically significant. In some species – Anas strepera and Cygnus Cygnus – the trend of dynamics is positive.Most likely reason for the decline in waterfowl numbers is excessive spring hunting. A reduced hunting duration or the introduction of a moratorium every few years may be among the responses required. We suggest using the period of mass migration to monitor the waterfowl resource. This period is shorter and when the greatest number of birds migrate.

Migrations of the highly educated population are common for the less developed countries of Southeast Europe. Bulgaria and Serbia are faced with the problem of intensive economic migrations of their young and educated citizens. The article starts with the general assumption that social and personal problems are a predictor of the youth’s migratory intentions and questions whether the perception of social and personal problems differs in the Serbian and Bulgarian samples and how this perception affects the students’ intention to leave their home country in search of opportunities for a better life. The article is based on the data on the university students’ attitudes towards the most relevant issues of their cities of residence and their personal lives, and on their plans regarding internal and external migration. The survey was conducted in October-December 2022 on a sample of 587 respondents (307 students from Serbia and 280 students from Bulgaria). In both countries, students define corruption as the biggest problem, then come difficulties with finding a job, but there are statistically significant differences between the two subsamples concerning what they consider their biggest problems. For Serbian students, the biggest personal problem is finding a job, while for Bulgarian students it is rather corruption. The assessment of personal and social difficulties in their countries (cities of residence), primarily the difficulty of finding a job in their profession, motivates and makes students change their city of residence and/or move to another country. 1 out of 9 students plans to leave the native country, but there is a significantly higher share of Serbian students who consider leaving their country to find a job permanently, while thoughts about temporary migrations are almost equally distributed in the two subsamples. 60 % of students think of internal migration, but Serbian students more often compared to Bulgarian students (70 % vs 49 %).

The abolition of slavery in the French colonies generates a new flow of migration from Asia. Several Indian migrants reach the coasts of the Antilles as contract laborers in the sugarcane fields. In the archipelago they suffer from the violence of European settlers who, through the imposition of Christian worship and the destruction of traditional elements of Indian culture, undertake a process of annihilating a centuries-old identity. However, the population manages to resist, reinventing itself, through the confluence of syncretistic elements.

The two East Asian subtropical–tropical noctuoid moths, Nyctemera adversata (Schaller, 1788) (Erebidae: Arctiinae) and Dictyestra dissectus (Walker, 1865) (Noctuidae: Noctuinae), are newly recorded in the Russian Far East on an extreme long distance to the north from their known localities in the neighboring countries. They were collected on the small Rikord Island in the Peter the Great Gulf after the period of strong southern wind associated with Typhoon Chaba. Data on the general distribution and bionomics of these species are given. This founding, along with other similar discoveries, is consistent with the current trend of global climate warming and indicates a northward expansion of the ranges of southern species in the Sea of Japan/East Sea region. Large migratory moths effectively use powerful air currents to move long distances, including over the sea, while small coastal islands can be used by them as intermediate sites and/or for possible establishing of invasive populations.

Stroke is an extensive health problem in Ukraine, the prominence and effects of which are aggravated by the burden of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. In this study, we aimed to holistically examine the overall stroke epidemiology in Ivano-Frankivsk using data from a secondary healthcare center in the city. We determine an increasing trend in stroke admissions since 2020, with a notable 22.4% increase in 2023, mainly due to ischemic stroke occurrence. In the same year, a significant non-linear relationship between stroke incidence and frequency of news about attacks was observed. Ordinal regression analysis of general sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors influencing outcomes for intravenous thrombolysis-treated patients, revealed the significance of the 24-h National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (0.32 ± 0.03) and interaction of age and Door-to-Needle Time (− 0.28 ± 0.08). However, the extension of the latter independently is not significantly correlated with patient outcomes. In conclusion, war-induced stress, intranational migrations, and lack of adequate chronic cardiovascular disease management are primarily responsible for these results. Modulations and improvements to the current healthcare system, including managing chronic diseases and early stroke symptom recognition, are necessary to optimize patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memory activism can be understood as a type of activism that aims to promote a greater diversity of stories in the public sphere, assuming that strategic reflections on the past and memory are crucial ways of transforming society. These reflections can take place in the most diverse contexts, such as protests in the streets or through the media, based on the long-silenced stories of people and social groups who have been discriminated against. In this article, we reflect on how cinema can constitute a space for memory activism by representing narratives of otherness and shedding light on social issues of great importance, such as migratory experiences, which have currently taken centre stage in audiovisual productions. To do this, we carried out an exploratory analysis of publicly funded film production in Portugal from 2018 to 2022 in order to analyse its main themes. All the synopses of films and other audiovisual productions (359) published during this period in the catalogues of the Instituto do Cinema e Audiovisual (ICA) and available online were collected. This textual material was analysed using Iramuteq software. The analysis indicated the absence of terms such as "racism" or "social discrimination" in the synopses, even in productions that addressed these issues when portraying migratory experiences. Among the main themes were (i) artistic production and the arts in general, (ii) daily life and interpersonal relationships (e.g., family, friendship, love) and (iii) historical memory and conflicts. We also explored in more detail the short films produced during this period (120), which allowed us to identify counter-hegemonic narratives, reinforcing the role that cinema can play in combating societal amnesias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a months-long investigation and aims to contribute to the scientific understanding of the process of racialisation of the sub-Saharan migrants in Tunisia. The starting point of our research was the speech given by the Tunisian president, Kais Saied, in February 2023. In the light of new negotiations with the EU for technical, administrative, and financial support in the management of migration in the Mediterranean, the president emphasised the importance of Tunisia being and remaining Arab and Muslim. The sub-Saharan migrants who have penetrated the Mediterranean area in large numbers, mostly via Libya or Algeria, are black. Many of them are also Christians. The Tunisian case regarding the racialisation of migrants is similar to the dynamics of political discourses and actions of systemic racialisation in European countries. Our thesis is that racialisation based on religion and/or skin colour is part of a more complex dynamic, defined by the capitalist mode of production, which, due to its inner contradictions, simultaneously requires and expels human labour force. We claim that the permanently expelled constitute surplus populations that are, due to not being disciplined by the capitalist markets, considered dangerous, which is why they fall under police jurisdiction. This process of policing surplus populations is what constitutes contemporary systemic racism as a special mode of state politics, whereby "race" is the result of said process and not determined by its biological, religious, ethnic, or cultural characteristics. We support our thesis by a fieldwork study consisting of qualitative interviews with Tunisian experts, conducted based on purposive sampling and subsequent qualitative coding, as well as of three personal narrative interviews, which were conducted with sub-Saharan migrants from Cameroon, who had been living in a refugee "village" in the north of Tunisia for more than a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research focuses on the residential patterns that were traced in Amman in the last decades due to the constant influx of migrants. Therefore, mapping the residential patterns that are emerging was seen important to understand the morphology of the area. A mixed-methods approach was used to identify the typologies emerging into the setting. New residential patterns that called for new strategic thinking were captured and analyzed. Enhancing the new image of "celebrated character" that urges new perception of heterogeneous communities and attracting more sustainable residential attributes towards the neighborhood were the two main outcomes of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines open-source migrations from the early career librarian perspective. After being on the implementation team for two open-source migrations in two years, the author noticed stark similarities in the two experiences. The paper will discuss the challenges all migrations face and challenges more specific to open-source systems. These include lack of resources, changing timelines, and lack of system sustainability. The paper will then move on to provide recommendations for other early career librarians who are implementing open-source system. The paper will also offer ways colleagues and supervisors who are not working on the implementation can support these migrations and the people.

Migration from Bolivia to Argentina is characterised by its family nature, and the jobs in which migrants are inserted --fruit and vegetable chains, brick kilns, textile workshops, street vending, etc.-- usually involve the overlapping of domestic and market work spaces. As a result, women take on caregiving tasks while carrying out paid work, which means that caregiving has specific characteristics and involves specific emotional experiences. Although studies on Bolivian migration to Argentina are prolific, they have not focused either on the overlapping of spaces mentioned above or on the emotions that migration arouses. Taking horticulture as a case study and using a qualitative approach based mainly on interviews and participant observation, this article analysed the care work carried out by Bolivian women in Argentina. The focus was on their emotional experiences and those of the children in their care. As will be seen below, what mothers believed their children had felt as raised in the horticulture framework defined, to a large extent, their own emotional experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest of media research in ethnic and racial issues, particularly audience studies, began in the 1990s. Since then, a vast conceptual framework, mostly informed by diaspora studies, has been incorporated into this field's research protocols, becoming fundamental to understanding several aspects crossed by transnational processes. With the aim of charting studies from the past decades that have proposed an empirical examination of audiences with a focus on migrant people and groups, this article seeks to understand how these works were developed and what their main characteristics and interests are. This text reports the results of a systematic literature review whose retrieved records comprise articles published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases up to January 2023. Based on the information extracted from these databases and on the content analysis of the full texts, this review identifies the main characteristics of the included studies, such as publication dates, authors, journals, methodological options, objects, focus and reception approach, regional aspects, and the main references and phenomena analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movements of common fish species in large lakes that are inadequately known is challenging for fisheries management. Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) (n = 478; mean length = 42.1 cm; SD = 7.0), bream (Abramis brama) (n = 775; mean length = 31.1 cm; SD = 5.3) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) (n = 939; mean length = 21.4 cm; SD = 2.0) were marked with individual T‐anchor tags to investigate movements in Lake Vesijärvi, a large lake situated in southern Finland consisting of several basins and managing by multiple entities. All species moved between basins, but only rarely moved outside tagging areas. The recapture rate of pikeperch was higher than roach and bream. Tagged fish consistently crossed municipality borders and water ownership units, thereby forming shared stocks, which underlined the importance of cooperation in lake restoration and a need to unite fragmented water ownership. Management of fisheries for cyprinid fishes could be more efficient if fishing targeted the most suitable areas without considering restrictions due to fragmented water ownership. Tagging data provided information on which parts of a large lake should be subjected to uniform pikeperch fisheries management. The importance of other species catch varied between different parts of the lake, thereby requiring different fishing regulations. Tagging data on common fish species provided valuable information on fish movements to support spatially explicit fisheries management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerning the demographic issue we have gone from alarmist statements from those who feared a non-controlled population overflowing, to a more realistic and scientifically founded view, based on the extension of the demographic transition to the whole world. Even if the population continues to grow, because of a still young age structure, United Nations population prospects estimate the moment when it will reach a maximum at about the 2080 decade. The most remarkable result of this process is an enormous change in the geographical distribution of people, with the center of gravity heading to the african continent. In the short term, the migratory issue will continue to stand, complicated by becoming a deceiving political conflict in the affluent countries. In the medium and long term, changes in the age structure of the population (ageing) will extend to the whole planet, beginning with the emerging countries (BRICS). A disturbing perspective for poor countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As regional chronologies become better defined, we are better able to track large-scale population movements and related cultural change. A dataset of 156 radiocarbon dates from the Middle Cumberland Region (MCR), evaluated with 199 more dates from the Ridge and Valley portions of northern Georgia and East Tennessee, enable modeling of population movements from the Central Mississippi Valley into the MCR, as well as subsequent movements and effects in the Ridge and Valley between AD 1200 and 1450. The dissolution of Cahokia is of particular interest, because the MCR falls geographically between the American Bottom and the Ridge and Valley province. This large-scale chronological perspective places key events in this part of the Southeast and Midwest into a unified historical framework that increases our understanding of the timing of cultural events. A related goal is to sort out possible external events and influences that may have affected this large region. This study makes apparent the relationships between cultural events and natural events, such as the drought sequences reported for the Central Mississippi Valley and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, we analyze three novels published by Caballo de Troya publishing house: Listas, guapas, limpias (2019) by Anna Pacheco, Desencajada (2020) by Margaryta Yakovenko, and Proletaria consentida (2022) by Laura Carneros. Through these three works, with a clear autobiographical background, we examine the portrayal they offer of the precarity experienced by the young people of the authors' generation in a context conditioned by the crisis. Thus, we pay attention to the construction of the three protagonists' identity. They, coming from a working-class background (with a migrant origin in Yakovenko's novel), face a situation determined by uncertainty and instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article makes a theoretical essay on migratory movements based on Mark Granovetter's Theory of Social Networks. Among the author's studies, the theory of embeddedness and the strength of weak ties are the theoretical contribution chosen for the discussion. The objective is to seek to understand how social networks can influence decision-making and the migration process of individuals. Going further, it is intended to show that this theory can also be used to understand the migratory phenomenon in a broad sense, internal migration, given that the literature focuses primarily on the international scale. Guided by the qualitative methodology, with a descriptive method associated with a bibliographic research, it is possible to verify the relevance of Granovetter's studies on networks for migratory studies, opposing neoclassical and structuralist theories in the sense that subjects are not atomized, that is the decision-making takes into account the approval of the closest circle. In addition, they have a network of contacts with other emigrants, and it is primarily through them that the information that the individual needs for the movement is disseminated, making it self-perpetuating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two recently published analyses make cases for severe bottlenecking of human populations occurring in the late Early Pleistocene, one case at about 0.9 Mya based on a genomic analysis of modern human populations and the low number of hominin sites of this age in Africa and the other at about 1.1 Mya based on an age inventory of sites of hominin presence in Eurasia. Both models point to climate change as the bottleneck trigger, albeit manifested at very different times, and have implications for human migrations as a mechanism to elude extinction at bottlenecking. Here, we assess the climatic and chronologic components of these models and suggest that the several hundred-thousand-year difference is largely an artifact of biases in the chronostrati- graphic record of Eurasian hominin sites. We suggest that the best available data are consistent with the Galerian hypothesis expanded from Europe to Eurasia as a major migration pulse of fauna including hominins in the late Early Pleistocene as a consequence of the opening of land routes from Africa facilitated by a large sea level drop associated with the first major ice age of the Pleistocene and concurrent with widespread aridity across .Africa that occurred during marine isotope stage 22 at ~0.9 Mya. This timing agrees with the independently dated bottleneck from genomic analysis of modern human populations and allows speculations about the relative roles of climate forcing on the survival of hominins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the study of migration has shifted its focus from an individual perspective (on those who emigrate) to also include their integration networks in the country of destination, it is also necessary to consider the dynamics with their families in the country of origin. With an integral focus on the analysis of Portuguese transnational families, this paper aims to reflect on how the connection between those who emigrate and those who stay can promote greater resilience, presenting best practices for interventions among these dynamics and generations. Using a post-positivist paradigm and semi-structured interviews, we developed a qualitative approach with three exploratory studies: (1) Portuguese young adults living abroad (N = 22); (2) parental figures living in Portugal with adult children living abroad (N = 20); and (3) experts in the fields of academic and psychosocial work with similar people (N = 8). The data were analyzed using N-Vivo software (ed.11 and 14). The general results lead us to reflect on the dynamics of relationships, where digital and face-to-face spaces participate simultaneously, even though there are different challenges and ways of using digital means. We also found a change in expectations regarding the norms and values perceived by this generation of emigrants, which leads us to consider the importance of intercultural values since transnational families greatly increase transculturality, which can promote resilience among these groups. The data also alert us to the need to train intervention professionals in multidisciplinary areas, always taking the cultural context into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at calling geographers' attention to the works of Italian historical demographer Massimo Livi Bacci, who authored fundamental texts on the indigenous genocide in the Americas, on the history of world population, on global migrations and on population's environmental 'sustainability'. In denouncing colonial crimes, critically questioning commonplaces of Malthusian origin and challenging sovereignist prejudices against migrations, Livi Bacci stresses the need for scholars to fully address the complex relations between space and population in both analyses of empirical cases and elaborations of broader theoretical models. He explicitly raises geopolitical matters on the potential political consequences of demographic and migratory dynamics. Yet, Livi Bacci's huge scholarly production is highly influential among historians and demographers, but seems to have been overlooked by most geographers hitherto. For these reasons, I argue that scholars committed to critical, radical and decolonial geographies of population (past and present) should (re)discover Livi Bacci's contributions. Re‐reading Livi Bacci's works through geographical lenses and connecting them with current geographical scholarship, I show how 'geo‐demography' can help geographers to address demographic matters at different scales, by providing insights for a new critical geo‐history of population. This interdisciplinary engagement with the relations between geopolitical matters on sustainability and the ongoing changing in global population has the potential to plurally nourish critical geographical agendas, including on global migrations and colonial legacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The caridean shrimps comprise one of the largest groups of amphidromous species, sharing their life cycle between freshwater habitats and the ocean. Key species of tropical ecosystems, some of which are also targets for local or international markets without any regulations being implemented, make carideans particularly vulnerable to the threats facing natural populations. We present an inventory of amphidromous carideans and an overview of their habitats, the interests they arouse, because of their ecological role as well as for their commercial importance and the threats they face. We suggest directions for future research following an experimental-biology approach, that may help to assess risks and impacts on natural habitats and ultimately prioritize conservation and management projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a standard trust game, we elicit trust and reciprocity measures in a representative sample of adult players in Montevideo, the capital city of Uruguay, a country that received a sizeable influx of Venezuelan and Cuban migrants, has lower internal disparities than other Latin American countries and exhibits relatively better levels of tolerance towards migrants. We find no statistically significant differences in trust levels of Uruguayans towards countrymen versus migrants and mixed results regarding reciprocity, with migrants exhibiting a flatter response to trust than their local counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Kosovo and Metohija (KM) has been a territory inhabited by Serbs and Albanians for centuries. Like the entire Balkans, this territory found itself under different historical circumstances, especially by the arrival of Ottoman Empire in Europe, when ethnic situation changed to the detriment of the Serbian nation. During the period of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians/Kingdom of Yugoslavia, there was several proposals to correct this situation and the implementation of bringing in Serbian colonist began, but this project was neither thoroughly thought out, nor fully implemented. The Albanian question was used by Italy, which supported irredentism and separatism, in an effort to break up Yugoslavia. After the occupation in 1941, the territory of the KM was first assigned to Italian-German occupation zone, and after 1943 exclusive to German one. Common to all occupation authorities was strong support to Albanian radical politics, as a result of which up to 100.000 Serbs and Montenegrins were expelled from the territory of KM and around 10.000 were killed. Even the establishment of new, socialist Yugoslavia didn’t improve the described situation. The largest number of refugee Serbs and Montenegrins are not allowed to return to KM, which legalized situation created during occupation, with the aim of pacifying the Albanian population by not opening the issues of war crimes and appropriation of Serbian and Montenegrin property. On September 3, 1945, the National Assembly of Serbia passed the Law on the Organization of the Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija Region, which separated the region from the maternal Republic of Serbia in an organizational sense, while the small number of Serbian and Montenegrin returnees met with strong opposition from the Albanians who treated them hostilely. The difficult life for Serbs and Montenegrins continued during the following decades, which led to their mass emigration to larger cities, mostly to Central Serbia. Bishop Pavle of Raška-Prizren Bishopric, the latter Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, left detailed information about this state of affairs. On the other hand, the Udba also compiled numerous reports that surprisingly coincide with the testimonies of Bishop Pavle. The political-party leadership in the territory of KM, where Albanians were the majority, kept the migrations quiet, while leaderships at the level of Serbia and Yugoslavia paid little attention to the afore-mentioned. After Fourth Plenum of the Central Commitee of League of Communist of Yugoslavia, the so-called the Brioni Plenum in 1966, the state policy of reaching out to the Albanian population, at the expense of the Serbian and Montenegrins, in the territory of KM wad even more intensified. The significance of the Serbian question and the irredentist demonstrations of 1968 was also minimized by Josip Broz Tito, who justified the anti-Yugoslav sentiment of the Albanians. Thus, from 1948 to 1981, the number of Albanians in the territory of KM increased from 68,45% to 77,5%, while that of Serbs decreased from 23,62% to 13,2% and Montenegrins from 3,85% to 1,7%.

At the beginning, this paper firstly analyses the duality of borders, as a place of contact and a place of misunderstandings, tensions, and quite often, of open conflicts, and this is done from two points of view: social and security. The first one refers to social foundations of a border, widely accepted as mutual recognition of one's self and others, while the second dimension brings to the forefront the strong analogy between borders and walls. As the first aspect most often relates to wider social engagement, the second is closely tied to security element of border management, or the securing of the phenomenon and reacting to it using a range of repressive "tools". It is the second dimension of the observation of the problem that leads us to the world of contemporary walls in front of (and around) which different relations occur with pronounced (in)security. The focal issue of this paper is the extent to which the current walls are the factor of safety, and to what extent they generate instability. On the basis of the conducted research procedure, this paper concludes that walls reinforce the sovereignty claim of a state, but they cannot be an efficient security measure for the inhabitants of border areas and members of migrant population.

After a decade-long duration of robust migratory movements towards Europe, it can be asserted that the response, in the form of a continuous disposition against migration, is primarily rooted in the perceived cultural threat. Immigrants are viewed as unassimilable, and their cultures as incompatible with Western norms and ideals. Advocacy for the preservation of Western values and culture thus becomes a tool for the exclusion and segregation of immigrants. Conservative political currents (which are increasingly gaining traction in European elections) generally argue that Europe could not withstand such an influx. More liberal politicians, however, contend that the Old Continent is sufficiently wealthy to absorb uninvited newcomers, citing Turkey's ability to host over three million Syrian refugees and spend an average of three thousand dollars per capita on each, suggesting that the EU could afford several hundred thousand asylum seekers. It is a fact that not all impoverished individuals worldwide can solve their problems by relocating to Europe; however, it is equally factual that a more comprehensive and effective strategy aimed at globally reducing the gap between the rich and the poor might begin to address this issue better than all fences and barriers combined. The Western Balkans region mirrors European trends where the issue of irregular migration occupies a prominent position on the security agenda. Through the regional lens, a duality of problems becomes apparent, with varying degrees of equivalence concerning the broader European context. Regarding migration as a general security challenge, the salience is heightened in areas relating to the overall increase in insecurity, particularly in border areas, resulting in pronounced activities of smuggling groups, conflicts among them, and prevailing unease among the local population. An illustration of regional instability stemming from the corpus of general security challenges is analyzed through the example of the Hungarian-Serbian border. In terms of security challenges eliciting excessive responses to migration, regional circumstances markedly differ from broader European ones, for at least two reasons. The first pertains to the fluidity of the area, where migrants are still not perceived as individuals who might "take away" jobs and social protection from the local population. The second reason lies within the domain of inherited regional instability, which continues to primarily focus on antagonistic reasons stemming from the corpus of ethno-confessional "insurmountable" differences among regional actors.

The main population in Kosovo and Metohija, during the medieval Serbian state, conssisted of Serbs. It will remain so after the occupation of these areas by the Turks. According to historical sources on the structure of the population in the Balkans at the beginning of the 16th centtury, it can be seen that the rural life in Kosovo is entirely Serbian. There were no Arbanas, not only Muslims but also Christians, in Kosovo at that time, and not until the 17th century. The Albanian colonization of Kosovo and Metohija, according to historical sources and anthropogeographica I reconstructions, began in the 16th century, but it was not characterized by a mass that would change the ethnographic picture ot these areas. Mass colonization occurred at the end of the 17th century, as a result of the difficult circumstances caused by the Austrian-Turkish war. From this time began not only the settlement of the Albanian population, but also the expulsion of the Serbian people from these areas. During the 18th century, even more so in the 19th century, the intention that this expulsion has a systemic and planned character is clearly recognized, in order to fully settle and appropriate these areas. Islamization was of the greatest help to them, because it made them Turkish wards and a tool used by the Turkish state against its Christian subjects. Islamization was a way for the Christian population to be assimilated not only into Muslims, but also to be Albanianized.

Bibliographic analysis about the migratory flows to the Amazon region between the XVIII andXX centuries is the focus of this article. Thus, the cultural crossings resulting from the displacements are able to expose the differentiated processes of interculturalities (Candau, 2016) of those social phenomena of migrations in various temporalities. The purpose of this study is to glimpse the manifestations of religious nessas intersections between migrant subjects from different spaces and temporalities. Critical method (Bloch, 2001) was used to analyze the sources, highlighting two results: to identify the links between religious cultural nexuses and gaps, and to expose elements of religious (in)tolerance present in the context of the intercultural Amazons. The refore, the interculturality constituted in the historical context of migration and the transits of cultures denote the dynamism of continuous and discontinuous movements of cultural "nexuses" and "gaps", particularly religious ones that expose the conflicting "moral" values of the narratives/discourses.

The migration policies of states regulate the stay of foreigners on their territories. They do so through legal measures that can contribute to shaping integration trajectories according to the status they establish. At the same time, the foreigners in question are not passive and can resist in the relationship they build with the States and the legal norms that concern them. Taking the case of Filipino migrant women in Germany as a starting point, the article aims to discuss the relationship between German migration policy, resistance to its legal measures and the resulting integration trajectories that emerge from the interrelation between both elements.

Introduction. Mammoth hunting is usually considered permanent. However, herds of mammoths and lonely male performed annual submeridional seasonal migrations with a length of up to 500- 600 km. Therefore, due to the relative settled population in the upper paleolithic, the annual period of mammoth hunting was in this case very brief, fitting in two short intervals in the spring and autumn - the passage of the valley controlled by the hunters of several family groups. Materials and methods. According to M. V. Sablin, about the age of killing the mammoth's cubs, two seasons of hunting in the Middle Desna are reconstructed for the sites of Yudinovo and Eliseevichi, approximately in May and October. Results. Hunting did not have the nature of the kill of a whole herd or its significant part. Only separate animals were seized. If we allow the similarity of hunting strategies, this indirectly confirms the isotopic analysis of the mammoth bones in the parking lots of hunters on the large proboscidean (Clovis) in North America. They could beat the beast on the ―established‖ migration path, possibly on a migration trek across the river. The seasonal rhythm of the Eastern Magdalenian hunters in the mammoth was inherited in our opinion for the hunters of reindeer in the final Paleolithic, genetically connected with the Eastern Magdalen. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that with the onset of sharp climatic fluctuations and a hydrological catastrophe associated with the melting of permafrost and the concomitant degradation of the feeding landscape and the possibilities of free movement along it, the migration routes of mammoth herds should have shifted noticeably to the north, following the retreating periglacial zone. Following the mammoths, a population specialized in hunting these animals should have followed. The descendants of this population – reindeer hunters of the final Paleolithic - inherited the seasonal rhythm and strategy of the previous mammoth hunt, transferring them to a new migrating hunting object. Their spring and autumn settlements also formed along the migration routes of reindeer, where many crossed large rivers during their migrations to winter and summer pastures.

In the last decades, the migration phenomenon has become one of the greatest humanitarian crises. The generalized solution by the international community has been the reception in refugee camps as a temporary solution to the displacement. Nonetheless, conflicts are frequently prolonged in time and migrants are stagnated in protracted situations. The objective of this project is to explore alternatives to refugee camps, namely, the reception of migrants in cities. The project is centered around the idea that this strategy will not only be beneficial for the migrants, who will be able to break the dependency built in the camps, but also for the development of the economies of the host countries, by creating more employment, generating a more competitive market, and promoting the development of the infrastructures of the cities. This is going to be studied from the perspective of Ecuador, the country of Latin America that hosts more refugees and migrants, without the establishment of camps.