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Under what circumstances does human development facilitate or constrain emigration? Moreover, under what conditions is migration a driver for rather than an obstacle for development? Empirical evidence identifying the drivers of the two-way relationship between migration and development is still rather mixed, in part also because of conceptual and methodological shortcomings of the methods generally applied to this subject matter, which often cannot handle the complex links and interactions between migration and development. This paper engages with the opportunities and challenges of investigating the migration–development nexus using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as a methodological approach to explore the complex configurational two-way relationship between migration and development processes. We hereby address a methodological gap in the scientific literature investigating the migration-development nexus and propose QCA as a method for enriching the empirical base and expanding our knowledge and understanding of this complex relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has a threefold aim. First, to create a typology of Balkan migration crises. Second, to reflect on how migration is theorized in a crisis situation by analyzing the competing conceptual clusters and proposing new ones. Third, to measure the ratio between the region's crisis and anti-crisis potential in the field of migration in regard both to agency and policies. The article is structured in four parts. The first part reconstructs the conceptual history of "crisis" and its affirmation as the hegemonic discourse of contemporary times. The second part introduces temporality as a theoretical zoom that illuminates a different migration profile depending on whether we are observing it in a short-term, mid-term, or long-term perspective. The third part presents a new typology of Balkan migration crises based on different criteria. It structures Balkan migration crises into two clusters: real and constructed. The article seeks to answer the question of why, given the abundance of real refugee and migration crises, new ones are constructed. The fourth part goes beyond the crisis and analyzes the migration and development nexus as a major policy innovation. The conclusion offers a comparative analysis of the diverse Balkan migration crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies have questioned the development impact of (re)migrants activities as part of the Migration and Development nexus, host country government support for, among others, returnee entrepreneurship, sending remittances, and investments in regions of origin continue to grow. In 2019, the assumptions that underlie these acts of'codevelopment', are still central to migration policies formulated by the European Union and many of its member states. This article compares three major European host-countries' government support to Moroccan French, German and Dutch returnee entrepreneurs. How justifiable, efficient and effective are the different remigrant entrepreneur support strategies? This is discussed from the period 'guestworkers' started to arrive in the late 1960s onwards. The focus is on the codevelopment discussions that evolved as of the early 1990s. The objective is to identify strategies in returnee entrepreneurs support that have made significant contributions to remigrant entrepreneurship and development.The information collected in this study suggests that, next to the limited economic impact of most returnee entrepreneurs despite financial support and training, difficulties in cultural 're-embedding' constrain their social 'rerooting' in Moroccan society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the exploration of the nexus of poverty, migration and development by providing what has been lacking thus far; namely, a close ethnographic portrait, combined with a survey, that interprets the most typical and diverging migration trajectories and their impacts in an economically backward and ethnically differentiated region in Hungary. Building on the inspirational work of anthropologists and mobility scholars who propose to recover a global and multidimensional perspective on transnational movement when exploring the nexus between migration and its consequences for development, we carried out multi-sited ethnography, both in the sending and in the destination localities. We also conducted a survey among migrants who had returned, sometimes temporarily, to their community of origin. Using this multi-spatial approach, we demonstrate the different layers of the migration-development nexus. We argue that, on the global level, receiving countries all benefit from the cheap and flexible labor of poor migrants, be they Roma or non-Roma, skilled or low-skilled mobile laborers. However, on the level of migrant-sending localities, due to the differential migration patterns of local Roma and non-Roma, the developmental effects of the two groups' geographical movement cannot be taken as homogeneous or leveled. For non-Roma families, when men leave behind their wives and children for the sake of financial betterment of their family, there is little developmental effect on community level, but only in a narrow financial sense. However, we argue, drawing on Appadurai's (2004) "capacity to aspire" concept, that for a fraction of some kinship groups of low-skilled Roma who mainly migrate with their whole family, transnational mobility may not be as successful financially as for the non-Roma, although it has future-oriented developmental elements by potentially enhancing capacity to aspire for both migrants and non-migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines contemporary conceptualisations of the migration and development nexus, using a spatial lens. It challenges mainstream conceptualisations based on static and bounded understandings of space and place; it incorporates Marxist and postcolonial understandings of migration and development; and it politicises the way in which this nexus can be conceptualised. The "double pincer of migration" is a metaphor that captures the "freedom" to follow capital, the "selection" performed by regulatory mechanisms that prevent such freedom from fully realising itself, and the agency of migrants treading the pincer, who, while being caught up by the structural forces shaping the double pincer, render it fluid and selectively enabling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The labour migration -- development nexus has been analysed from various perspectives, from the conventional one arguing that migration is the consequence of the developmental gaps between sending and receiving countries, to the "3 Rs" perspective2 promoted mostly by Papademetroiu and Martin (1991). At European level, we have witnessed a paradigm shift: from migration perceived as a side-effect of poverty and instability to migration acknowledged as a potential vector for socio-economic development. After 1989, the short - term labour migration has become the main form of migration in Romania, at an accelerating pace. The present paper investigates the impact of labour migration on two rural communities in Romania, by the use of a comparative analysis. The findings of the exploratory study reveal the specificity of the phenomenon in each location as well as the commonalities, revealing "the people behind statistics". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]