71 results on '"microwave power amplifier"'
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2. A microwave amplifier behavioral model capable of cascade simulation.
- Author
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Xie, Chengcheng, Yu, Gang, Zhang, Ziheng, Wang, Huanpeng, Li, Youda, Wu, Yunqiu, Guo, Yunchuan, Xu, Ruimin, and Xu, Yuehang
- Subjects
- *
MICROWAVE amplifiers , *HUMAN behavior models , *LOW noise amplifiers , *POWER amplifiers - Abstract
In system‐level design, microwave amplifier needs to be cascaded with other components. In this scenario, the input and output of amplifier model have cascade capability to sense the variation of source and load impedance, and thus can accurately predict the forward and reverse propagating waves. In this letter, the principle and an extraction flow for a simplified polynomial behavioral model are introduced, and the cascade capability of the model is verified by experimental source‐pull and load‐pull results. By simulations, a subcircuit with a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier, which are cascaded, is used to establish behavioral models using the proposed method. It shows that the proposed model results have good agreement with circuits using both continuous wave and modulated signal excitation. Finally, by measurements, the cascaded results of two amplifiers models are compared with the overall results. The results of output waves and magnitude/phase up to third harmonics are consistent with each other. These results verify that the proposed behavioral model has the capability of cascade simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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3. Characterization of Nonlinearities in a Class-J Power Amplifier
- Author
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B. Bukvić and M. M. Ilić
- Subjects
ACPR ,class-J ,high-efficiency ,microwave power amplifier ,nonlinearities ,Telecommunication ,TK5101-6720 - Abstract
We characterize the nonlinearities of our previously designed 10 W class-J power amplifier with a carrier at 1.5 GHz. We employ numerical simulations and real time adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) measurements on the fabricated prototype. The measurements are performed for a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal with 10.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and 3.84 MHz bandwidth.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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4. Realization of a broadband hybrid X-band power amplifier based on fT-doubler technique.
- Author
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Feghhi, Rouhollah and Joodaki, Mojtaba
- Subjects
- *
POWER amplifiers , *TRANSISTORS , *HYBRID power , *MICROWAVE amplifiers , *MODULATION-doped field-effect transistors , *MICROSTRIP transmission lines , *FREQUENCY response - Abstract
This paper presents the design steps for the fabrication of a hybrid microwave power amplifier (PA) based on f T -doubler technique. The PA is implemented using two 6 W discrete GaN-HEMTs on SiC substrate. The f T -doubler technique is used to enhance the frequency response and bandwidth of the PA as compared to the common source (CS) configuration. Accurate simulation results show about 90% improvement in the unity current gain frequency (f T) for the f T -doubler structure in comparison with a common-source parallel structure. However, the hybrid realization of a high-frequency PA based on f T -doubler technique is challenging mainly due to severe thermal management failures and large parasitic effects of the interconnections such as bond wires and long microstrip lines. The proposed hybrid integrated strategy relieves the thermal problem while the parasitic effects are well controlled. Thermal analysis and accurate 3D thermal simulation of the proposed hybrid integrated structure show that the channel temperature of transistors does not exceed its maximum tolerable value. Implementing the optimal source/load pulls for the transistors and well-designing the input/output matching networks by considering the parasitic effects of the interconnections result in a fabricated PA with a broad bandwidth of 6.5–10.4 GHz, a sufficient small-signal gain of 10 dB, a considerably high output power (P out) of around 10 W and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 43% at 8 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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5. Micro- and Nanotechnology of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors.
- Author
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Piotrowska, Anna B., Kamińska, Eliana, Piotrowska, Anna B., and Wojtasiak, Wojciech
- Subjects
Technology: general issues ,AlGaN ,AlGaN/GaN ,AlGaN/GaN heterostructures ,AlN ,GaN ,GaN HEMT ,HVPE ,Kelvin probe force microscopy ,LEDs ,LTE ,MISHEMT ,MOVPE ,ammonothermal method ,conductance-frequency ,crystal growth ,diffusion ,diffusion coefficients ,edge effects ,effective diffusion length ,gallium nitride ,gallium nitride nanowires ,growth polarity ,interface state density ,ion implantation ,laser diode ,microwave power amplifier ,molecular beam epitaxy ,n/a ,nanowires ,nitrides ,polarity ,selective area growth ,selective epitaxy ,self-heating effect ,thermal equivalent circuit ,thermal impedance ,thermal time constant ,thermodynamics ,tunnel junction ,ultra-high-pressure annealing - Abstract
Summary: Owing to their unique characteristics, direct wide bandgap energy, large breakdown field, and excellent electron transport properties, including operation at high temperature environments and low sensitivity to ionizing radiation, gallium nitride (GaN) and related group III-nitride heterostructures proved to be enabling materials for advanced optoelectronic and electronic devices and systems. Today, they are widely used in high performing short wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs), high performing radar, wireless telecommunications, as well 'green' power electronics. Impressive progress in GaN technology over the last 25 years has been driven by a continuously growing need for more advanced systems, and still new challenges arise and need to be solved. Actually, lighting industry, RF defene industry, and 5G mmWave telecommunication systems are driving forces for further intense research in order to reach full potential of GaN-based semiconductors. In the literature, there is a number of review papers and publications reporting technology progress and indicating future trends. In this Special Issue of Electronics, eight papers are published, the majority of them focusing materials and process technology of GaN-based devices fabricated on native GaN substrates. The specific topics include: GaN single crystalline substrates for electronic devices by ammonothermal and HVPE methods, Selective - Area Metalorganic Vapour - Phase Epitaxy of GaN and AlGaN/GaN hetereostructures for HEMTs, Advances in Ion Implantation of GaN and Related Materials including high pressure processing (lattice reconstruction) of ion implanted GaN (Mg and Be) and III-Nitride Nanowires for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
6. 微波功率放大器非线性特性分析.
- Author
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邓海林, 张德伟, 周东方, and 杜摇健
- Abstract
Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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7. Microwave and Telecommunication Technology: Future Outlook (review of the 32rd International Conference 'Microwave & Telecommunication Technology')
- Author
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Yermolov, P. P. and Papulovskaya, N. V.
- Subjects
TERAHERTZ GYROTRON ,MULTIPATH KLYSTRON ,RECTANGULAR DIRECT CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ,MEDICAL MICROWAVE DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT ,WIRELESS COMMUNICATION ,ФОТОННЫЕ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЕ СХЕМЫ ,PHASE ARRAY ,EARTH SURFACE TEMPERATURE ,БЕСПРОВОДНАЯ СВЯЗЬ ,УСИЛИТЕЛЬ СВЧ МОЩНОСТИ ,КОЛЬЦЕВОЙ РЕЗОНАТОР ,MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY ,HISTORY OF RADIO ENGINEERING ,QUANTUM EFFICIENCY ,ИСТОРИЯ РАДИОТЕХНИКИ ,PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ,АНТЕННАЯ РЕШЕТКА ,ВОЛНОВОД ,КРУГЛЫЙ ВОЛНОВОД ,DECIMETER RANGE ,МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ РАДИТЕРМОМЕТРИЯ ,ULTRA-WIDEBAND SIGNAL ,ANTENNA ARRAY ,THERMAL VACUUM SPUTTERING ,MICROWAVE RESONATOR ,КРЫМИКО ,РАДИОТЕРМОМЕТРИЯ ,ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ЗОНДИРОВАНИЕ ЗЕМЛИ ,РЕЗОНАНСНЫЙ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ ,WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ,ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЕ ВАКУУМНОЕ РАСПЫЛЕНИЕ ,ТЕМПЕРАТУРА ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ЗЕМЛИ ,ТЕРАГЕРЦОВЫЙ ГИРОТРОН ,SOLAR INSOLATION ,КВАНТОВАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ,WAVEGUIDE ,SPACECRAFT ,NONLINEAR MODEL OF A FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR ,ELECTROMAGNETIC COMMUNICATION ,ДЕЦИМЕТРОВЫЙ ДИАПАЗОН ,RESONANT MEASURING CONVERTER ,RADIOTHERMOMETRY ,ГЕНЕРАТОР ,СОЛНЕЧНАЯ ИНСОЛЯЦИЯ ,СВЕРХШИРОКОПОЛОСНЫЙ СИГНАЛ ,ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS ,ROUND WAVEGUIDE ,ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕ НЕЙРОННЫЕ СЕТИ ,СВЧ РЕЗОНАТОР ,ЗАМЕДЛЯЮЩАЯ ВОЛНОВАЯ СИСТЕМА ,НЕЛИНЕЙНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПОЛЕВОГО ТРАНЗИСТОРА ,GENERATOR ,MICROWAVE POWER AMPLIFIER ,METAMATERIAL ,CRIMICO ,DECELERATING WAVE SYSTEM ,МЕТАМАТЕРИАЛ ,МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ СВЧ-ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ АППАРАТУРА ,ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНАЯ СВЯЗЬ ,КОСМИЧЕСКИЙ АППАРАТ ,МНОГОЛУЧЕВОЙ КЛИСТРОН ,ПРЯМОУГОЛЬНЫЙ ПРЯМОХАОТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ СВЯЗИ ,REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH ,RING RESONATOR ,БЕСПРОВОДНАЯ ПЕРЕДАЧА ЭНЕРГИИ ,ФАЗОВАЯ РЕШЕТКА - Abstract
Поступила: 28.11.2022. Принята в печать: 12.12.2022. Received: 28.11.2022. Accepted: 12.12.2022. В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы разработки новейших технологий производства современной радиоэлектронной продукции и научные исследования в области передовых инфокоммуникационных технологий, которые стали предметом обсуждения на 32-й Международной конференции «СВЧ-техника и телекоммуникационные технологии». Конференция состоялась в сентябре 2022 года в городе Севастополе. В статье проведен анализ 62 докладов из представленных на конференции 215, к которым был проявлен наибольший интерес научного сообщества. В обзор включены доклады 26 университетов, научно-исследовательских институтов и предприятий трех стран – Беларуси, России и Китая. В статье анализируется проблематика, связанная с новыми возможностями и технологиям, новейшими средствами связи, применением современных информационных и инфокоммуникационных технологий в гражданской и космической отраслях. The article deals with topical issues of technologies of the production of modern electronic products and research in the field of advanced information and communication technologies, which were the subject of discussion at the 32-nd International Conference «Microwave Technology and Telecommunication Technologies». The conference was held in September 2022 in the city of Sevastopol. The article analyzes 62 reports from 215 participants of the conference, to which the greatest interest of the scientific community was demonstrated. The review includes reports from 26 universities, research institutes and enterprises of three countries – Belarus, Russia and China. The problems related to new opportunities and technologies, the latest means of communication, the use of modern information and infocommunication technologies in civil and space industries are analysed.
- Published
- 2022
8. Envelope delta-sigma-modulated voltage-mode class-S PA.
- Author
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Wentzel, Andreas, Heinrich, Wolfgang, Hori, Shinichi, Hayakawa, Makoto, and Kunihiro, Kazuaki
- Abstract
This paper reports on a digital transmitter architecture for the 450 MHz band using an envelope delta-sigma modulator realized in CMOS and a voltage-mode class-S PA based on GaN MMICs. The class-S PA is characterized with narrowband single-tone signals and a single-carrier downlink WCDMA signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.5 dB. Using single-tone excitation the PA shows a maximum drain efficiency of 86% and a peak output power of 4.4 W. At 6 dB and 10 dB back-off, 59% and 36% efficiency are achieved, respectively. With the WCDMA input signal a maximum drain efficiency of 64% and an output power of 0.7 W is reached. The ACLR shows values of about −34 dBc (5 MHz) and −38 dBc (10 MHz). This is the first complete voltage-mode class-S PA chain characterized with standard communication signals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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9. Nonlinear modeling of LDMOS transistors for high-power FM transmitters.
- Author
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Bosi, Gianni, Crupi, Giovanni, Vadalà, Valeria, Raffo, Antonio, Giovannelli, Antonello, and Vannini, Giorgio
- Subjects
- *
NONLINEAR statistical models , *METAL oxide semiconductors , *SIGNAL processing , *RADIO frequency , *MICROWAVE power amplifiers - Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear model of a commercial 10-W laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor for FM transmitters is identified. It is based on high-frequency small-signal measurements for the identification of both the parasitic network and the strictly nonlinear dynamic effects, whereas low-frequency large-signal measurements are exploited for the description of the dynamic I/V characteristics of the device above the cut-off of low-frequency dispersion. A validation of the proposed model is provided by using time-domain nonlinear measurements carried out at 40MHz and 100 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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10. Envelope tracking RF power amplifier design
- Author
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Estekin, Mustafa Engin, Atalar, Abdullah, and Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Back-off efficiency enhancement ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Supply modulation ,Envelope tracking ,Power amplifier ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering - Abstract
Modern kablosuz iletişim sistemlerinde, yüksek veri hızlarına ulaşma gereksinimi sebebiyle yüksek tepe - ortalama güç oranına sahip değişken zarflı sinyaller kullanılır. Bununla birlikte, geleneksel güç yükselteçlerin maksimum güç seviyelerinin çok gerisinde çalışması, verimlilikte önemli bir bozulma yaratır. Verimlilik, yüksek güç tüketimi ve ısınma sorunlarından kaçınmak için kritik bir tasarım değerlendirmesi olduğundan, yüksek verimliliği geniş bir güç seviyesi aralığında korumak için çeşitli teknikler uygulanmaktadır.Bu çalışmada düşük verimlilik sorununa çözüm olarak, bir besleme modülasyonu tekniği olan zarf takibi metodu güç yükseltecin tasarımı sunulmuştur. Besleme voltajı, zamana göre değişen sinyal zarfına göre ayarlanarak yüksek verimlilik maksimum güç seviyelerinin gerisinde de korunmuştur. Besleme voltajı, 10 MHz anahtarlama frekansında çalışan bir senkron buck dönüştürücü kullanılarak verimli bir şekilde üretilmiştir. Dönüştürücü, uygun bir alçak geçiş filtresi kullanılarak, AB-sınıfında tasarlanmış güç yükseltece entegre edilmiştir. Takip edilebilecek sinyal bant genişliğini artırmak amacıyla bir zarf bant genişliği eleme algoritması kullanılmıştır. Tasarlanan sistemin verimliliği, 3 MHz bant genişliği ve 12 dB tepe - ortalama güç oranına sahip sinyal için %26 olarak ölçülmüştür. 5 MHz bant genişliği ve 13 dB tepe - ortalama güç oranına sahip sinyal için sistem, %20'lik bir verimle çalışmaktadır. In modern wireless communication systems, the requirement of achieving high data rates results in non-constant envelope signals with high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). However, the operation of conventional power amplifiers (PAs) at back-off power levels creates significant degradation in efficiency. Since efficiency is a critical design consideration for PAs to avoid high power consumption and heating problems, several techniques were introduced to maintain the high efficiency for a wide range of power levels.We designed an envelope tracking power amplifier (ETPA) that uses the supply modulation technique which is a promising solution to the efficiency degradation problem. In ETPA, the high efficiency is maintained at back-of levels by adjusting the supply voltage in accordance with the time varying signal envelope. The supply voltage was efficiently generated by using a synchronous buck converter operating at 10 MHz switching frequency. The converter was integrated to the designed class-AB PA by using a proper low pass filter. In order to improve the signal bandwidth that can be tracked, an envelope bandwidth elimination algorithm was used. The efficiency of the resulting ETPA system was measured as 26% for the signal that has 3 MHz bandwidth and 12 dB PAPR. The system has an efficiency of 20% with the signal that has 5 MHz bandwidth and 13 dB PAPR. 61
- Published
- 2020
11. Characterization of Nonlinearities in a Class-J Power Amplifier
- Author
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Branko Bukvic and MILAN ILIC
- Subjects
Radiation ,Computer Networks and Communications ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,high-efficiency ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,microwave power amplifier ,lcsh:Telecommunication ,lcsh:TK5101-6720 ,Signal Processing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Media Technology ,nonlinearities ,ACPR ,Software ,class-J - Abstract
We characterize the nonlinearities of our previously designed 10 W class-J power amplifier with a carrier at 1.5 GHz. We employ numerical simulations and real time adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) measurements on the fabricated prototype. The measurements are performed for a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal with 10.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and 3.84 MHz bandwidth.
- Published
- 2018
12. Digital PA with voltage-mode topology using envelope delta-sigma modulation.
- Author
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Nauwelaers, Bart, van Vliet, Frank E., le Chevalier, François, Wentzel, Andreas, Hori, Shinichi, Hayakawa, Makoto, Kunihiro, Kazuaki, and Heinrich, Wolfgang
- Abstract
This paper reports on digital transmitter architecture for the 450 MHz band using an envelope delta-sigma modulator realized in CMOS and a voltage-mode class-S (VMCS) power amplifier (PA) based on GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The class-S PA is characterized for narrowband single-tone signals and a single- as well as a four-carrier downlink wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.5 dB. Using single-tone excitation the PA shows a maximum drain efficiency of 86% and a peak output power of 4.4 W. At 6 and 10 dB back-off, 59 and 36% efficiency are achieved, respectively. With the single- and four-carrier WCDMA input signals maximum drain efficiencies of 64 and 53% are reached, respectively, and peak output power is 0.7 W. The adjacent channel leakage ratio shows values of about −34 dBc (5 MHz) and −38 dBc (10 MHz) for single-carrier WCDMA excitation. This is the first complete VMCS PA chain characterized with standard communication signals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Safe Operating Area of GaAs HBTs Based on Sub-Nanosecond Pulse Characteristics.
- Author
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Jin, Renfeng, Chen, Cheng, Halder, Subrata, Curtice, Walter R., and Hwang, James C. M.
- Subjects
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BIPOLAR transistors , *GALLIUM arsenide , *HETEROJUNCTIONS , *PICOSECOND pulses , *VOLTAGE dividers , *EMPIRICAL research , *TEMPERATURE measurements - Abstract
Using a novel sub-nanosecond pulse current–voltage measurement technique, InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were shown to survive strong impact ionization and to have a much larger safe operating area (SOA) than previously measured or predicted. As the result, an empirical model for impact ionization with both voltage and current dependence was extracted and added to a commercially available HBT model. The modified model could predict the HBT characteristics across the enlarged SOA, as well as the performance of ultra-wideband pulse generators and the ruggedness of continuous wave Class-C power amplifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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14. Improvement of microwave power amplifier intermodulation distortion by a novel second-harmonic short-circuit termination.
- Author
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Takayama, Yoichiro, Watanabe, Kazushi, Yamaguchi, Kazuyuki, Fujita, Takayuki, and Maenaka, Kazusuke
- Subjects
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POWER amplifiers , *ELECTRONIC amplifiers , *ELECTRONIC modulation , *METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors , *ELECTRIC circuit breakers , *SHORT circuits - Abstract
The intermodulation distortion characteristics of a microwave Si MOSFET power amplifier are improved by realization of a true second harmonic short-circuit termination of the drain. By the use of a circuit configuration taking account of the parasitic inductance of the FET drain, second harmonic short-circuiting of the drain is realized. First, a two-variable Taylor series expansion model of the drain current with respect to the gate voltage and the drain voltage is used and an approximate analysis by the perturbation method, including the low frequency (signal difference frequency) and second harmonic load dependence of the third-order intermodulation distortion, is used for an analysis of the intermodulation distortion and its asymmetry. Next, a 1-GHz Si MOSFET power amplifier is fabricated. Reduction of the intermodulation distortion and its asymmetry is realized by introducing a true second harmonic short circuit for the drain. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 9–16, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (
www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20344 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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15. Performance evaluations of microwave power amplifiers with single- and multi-carrier quadrature amplitude modulations.
- Author
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Huang, Chien-Chang and Chen, Kuan-Yu
- Subjects
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MICROWAVE amplifiers , *AMPLITUDE modulation , *PERFORMANCE evaluation , *NUMERICAL integration , *ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing , *NONLINEAR mechanics , *VOLTERRA series - Abstract
This article presents the performance evaluations of microwave power amplifiers (PAs) for different kinds of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes including π/4-DQPSK and 16-QAM for single-carrier formats and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for multi-carrier configuration, by using the time-domain signal processing technique and the hybrid Volterra analysis. The influences due to various peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs) of the modulation signals for the PA performances such as output powers, adjacent channel power ratios (ACPRs), and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) are shown with experimental verifications. A figure-of-merit of PAs based on linearity and efficiency is presented to establish a criterion for choosing the best working condition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2375–2378, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22020 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Filtering characteristic of a microring resonator with a gap.
- Author
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Okamoto, Hiroyuki, Haraguchi, Masanobu, Okamoto, Toshihiro, and Fukui, Masuo
- Subjects
- *
RESONATORS , *FINITE differences , *INTEGRATED circuits , *WAVELENGTH division multiplexing , *ELECTRONICS - Abstract
Research is being conducted on the use of microring resonators in optical integrated circuits. However, in order to obtain effective characteristics, it is necessary to combine two or more microring resonators, and certain problems are involved in doing so. We therefore consider a microring resonator with two gaps, allowing effective characteristics to be obtained from one microring resonator. In the structure of a microring resonator with two gaps, it is shown that expansion of the free spectral range and the realization of a flat passband are possible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(5): 25–32, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (
www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20229 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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17. Microwave dual-band power amplifiers using two-frequency matching.
- Author
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Takayama, Yoichiro, Uchida, Koji, Fujita, Takayuki, and Maenaka, Kazusuke
- Subjects
- *
MICROWAVE amplifiers , *WIRELESS communications , *MULTICHANNEL communication , *CELL phones , *ELECTRIC circuits - Abstract
In order to deal with a variety of wireless communication systems, multichannel capabilities are being introduced into cellular phones. In the future, in order to attempt reduction in size and weight by using multichannel capabilities of various wireless devices, it will be necessary to realize multichannel operation of passive circuit elements, mixers, and amplifiers. This paper presents the current status of multichannel operations of active circuits, especially amplifiers, for which multichannel capabilities are difficult to provide. In addition, the status and challenges of the microwave dual-frequency matched dual-band GaAs FET power amplifiers being developed by the authors' group on the basis of the low-pass Chebyshev impedance transformers are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(5): 17–24, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (
www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20234 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Design method of microwave Doherty power amplifiers and its application to Si power MOSFET amplifiers.
- Author
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Takayama, Yoichiro, Harada, Tetsuji, Fujita, Takayuki, and Maenaka, Kazusuke
- Subjects
- *
POWER amplifiers , *ELECTRONIC amplifiers , *MICROWAVE spectroscopy , *SHEAR waves , *ELECTRONIC circuit design , *ELECTRIC equipment - Abstract
Recently, much attention has been given to Doherty amplifiers as microwave power amplifiers that have the possibility of realizing high efficiency and low-distortion characteristics with a wide dynamic range. In this paper, the configuration, operation, and characteristics of Doherty amplifiers are surveyed and challenges in their use as microwave power amplifiers are identified. The circuit condition for use as a microwave Doherty amplifier is derived. Based on this condition, a method for the design of a practical output coupling scheme for a Doherty amplifier is proposed. Also, the effects of the peak amplifier and the carrier amplifier composing a Doherty amplifier on the combining characteristics of the Doherty circuit configuration are studied and design guidelines are presented. The behavior and characteristics of the power Si MOSFET Doherty amplifier constructed with the proposed design method are discussed in detail by simulation. The evaluation results are presented for a 1-GHz Si MOSFET Doherty amplifier designed and fabricated on the basis of the simulation results. Finally, summaries and future challenges are given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 9–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (
www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20137 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
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19. Investigation of FEAs applied in vacuum electron gun
- Author
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Li, Xinghui, Yang, Chongfeng, Bai, Guodong, Zhang, Fuquan, Liao, Fujiang, Feng, Jinjun, Ding, Mingqing, and Du, Yinghua
- Subjects
- *
FIELD emission , *ELECTRON beams - Abstract
Our recent research has shown that the main technical difficulties employing field emission arrays (FEAs) in electron guns of microwave power amplifiers could be attributed to the FEAs’ insufficient emission current density, emission stability, and the defocusing of the electron beams. The investigation of these parameters and measures for performance improvement are described in this paper. The conditions for obtaining a current density of several A/cm2 and a stable working point are studied and realized. An electron gun with the FEAs for traveling wave tubes (TWTs) was designed and simulated, which allows focusing of a 100 mA electron beam with a 30° divergence angle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
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20. Analytical expressions for intermodulation distortion of a MESFET small-signal amplifier using the nonlinear Volterra series
- Author
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Ahmad, Imad S. and Rao Gudimetla, V.S.
- Subjects
- *
METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors , *POWER amplifiers , *VOLTERRA series - Abstract
Using the nonlinear Volterra series representation, analytical expressions for the third-order intermodulation distortion power and intercept point for a MESFET small-signal amplifier are derived when its equivalent circuit is bilateral and includes the gate-to-drain capacitance (
Cgd ) explicitly as a nonlinear element. Previously developed analytical expressions treatedCgd as a linear element or incorporated it as a part of gate-to-source and drain-to-source capacitances (Cgs andCds ). These new analytical expressions are then compared with experimental data and good agreement is obtained. The analytical expressions are also used to study the variation of intermodulation distortion with input power and frequency, and the effect of the individual nonlinear elements in the MESFET’s equivalent circuit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Output power performance of dual-fed and single-fed distributed amplifiers.
- Author
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Eccleston, K. W.
- Subjects
- *
DISTRIBUTED amplifiers , *FIELD-effect transistors , *VACUUM-tube amplifiers , *TRANSISTORS , *BROADBAND amplifiers - Abstract
It is well known that the dual-fed distributed amplifier utilizes all FET output power, whereas up to a half is wasted in the single-fed distributed amplifier. We show that both the single-fed and antiphase-input dual-fed distributed amplifiers are able to achieve power equalization among the FETs at microwave frequencies when the FETs are spaced 180°. Such power equalization allows identical (and optimum) load lines for all FETs. The dual-fed amplifier has the added advantage of being less affected by losses. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 281–284, 2000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Design of an X-band GaN based microstrip MMIC power amplifier
- Author
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Özipek, Ulaş, Özbay, Ekmel, and Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,MMIC technology ,MMIC ,Power amplifier ,X-band ,Gallium nitride ,microwave frequence ,Microwave ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering - Abstract
RF ve mikrodalga güç yükselteçleri, günümüz iletişim ve radar sistemlerinin hayati bileşenlerindendir. Bu bileşenlerin tasarımları, yüksek güç ve yüksek frekans rejimindeki aygıt kısıtlamaları ile; doğrusal olmayan büyük-işaret çalışma koşullarında tasarımın kendi çetinlikleriyle birlikte, ciddi zorlukları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Galyum Nitrür (GaN) tabanlı yüksek elektron hareketlilikli transistör (HEMT) teknolojisi, yüksek güç yoğunlukları, mm-dalga frekanslarına kadar çalışabilme kabiliyetleri ve üstün malzeme özellikleriyle, önemli bir potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bilkent Üniversitesi Nanoteknoloji Araştırma Merkezi'nde (NANOTAM) geliştirilen 0.25 μm Silisyum Karbür (SiC) tabanlı GaN mikrofabrikasyon prosesi, ve bu proses ile üretilen aygıtların karakterizasyon adımları gösterilmiştir. X-bant uygulamalarına yönelik transistör başarımının iyileştirilmesi için gerçekleştirilen deneysel transistör serimi ve kapı geometrisi tarama çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Pasif devre elemanlarının elektro-manyetik benzetim tabanlı model kütüphanesi oluşturulması anlatılmıştır. Son olarak, X-bant için tasarlanan monolitik mikrodalga entegre devre güç yükselteci tasarımı ve adımları, ayrıntılı biçimde açıklanmıştır. Üretilen yükselteç devrelerinin benzetim ve ölçüm sonuçları paylaşılarak yorumlanmıştır.Yonga boyutları 4.3 mm x 2.3 mm'nin altında olan devreler, ölçümlerde 8.5 GHz - 11.5 GHz frekans aralığı boyunca 24 dB üzerinde küçük işaret kazancı vermektedir. 13.5 Watt (41.3 dBm) üzerindeki çıkış güçleri ve %31 ile %38 arası güç ekli verimlilik değerleri, oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilen darbeli mod ölçümlerinde 6 dB kazanç kısılması altında, 8.5 GHz - 11 GHz bandı boyunca elde edilmiştir. RF power amplifiers are crucial components of modern radar and communication systems. However, their design poses some challenges due to device limitations in high power and high frequency regime, as well as inherent difficulties of designing for nonlinear large-signal device operation. Gallium Nitride (GaN) based High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT) are promising candidates due to their superior material qualities, high power densities and ability to operate up to mm-wave frequencies. In this thesis, 0.25 μm GaN on SiC microfabrication process of Bilkent University Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM) is presented. Transistor characterization procedure is demonstrated. Ideal transistor layout for design goals is selected and the transistor gate structure is optimized for X-band performance. A model library for microstrip passive circuit elements based on electromagnetic simulations has been developed. Finally, design and measurements of an X-band microstrip Class AB two-stage Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) PA, based on the same process are presented in detail. With die sizes smaller than 4.3 mm by 2.3 mm, fabricated MMICs operate at 8.5 - 11.5 GHz band with 24 dB small-signal gain. More than 13.5 W (41.3 dBm) output power (P6dB) and 31% - 38% power-added efficiency are achieved throughout the 8.5 - 11 GHz band in pulsed mode on-wafer measurements. 94
- Published
- 2019
23. S-band gan high power amplifier design and implementation
- Author
-
Kavuştu, Muhammet, Özbay, Ekmel, and Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Characterization ,Power amplifier ,Gallium nitride ,S-Band ,Electrical characterization ,Hybrid ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering ,Microstrip ,GaN - Abstract
Telekomünikasyon, savunma ve uzay sektörlerindeki gelişmeler, Yüksek Güçlü Radyo Frekans Mikrodalga Güç Yükselteçlerinin önemini artırıyor. Silisyum Karbür üstünde Galyum Nitrür teknolojisi, Galyum Arsenit teknolojisi ile karşılaştırıldığında, bu alanda daha yüksek güç ve daha iyi form faktörlerini imkanlı kılıyor. Ayrıca, Silisyum Karbür sayesinde aygıtların ısıl ve mukavemet yönünden başarısı da yükseliyor. Ayrık Galyum Nitrür Yüksek Elektron Hareketlilikli Transistör kullanarak, bir S-Bant Güç Yükselteci yapıldı. Bu yükseltecin tasarım, üretim ve ölçüm sonuçları verildi. Silisyum Karbür üstüne Galyum Nitrür işlemleri, yükselteç temel teorisi, tasarım aşamaları incelendi. Baskı devrenin laminat özellikleri, üretimi, altın tel bağlama ve soğutucu gerekliliği açıklandı. Bir Yüksek Elektron Hareketlilikli Transistörün tasarımı, maskelendirmesi, karakterizasyonu ve paketlenmesinden bahsedildi. Merkez frekansta, 14.5 dB küçük işaret kazancı ölçüldü. 3 GHz'te 200 µs 10% RF atımı ile, 6 dB kazanç sıkışması altında 41.5 dBm çıkış gücü, boyutsal performans olarak ise 5.4W/mm olarak ölçüldü. Farklı gerilim altında, küçük işaret ölçümleri, üçüncü derece iç çarpım harmonikleri, genlik-genlik ve genlik-faz bozulmaları da ölçüldü. Elektromanyetik simülasyonlar Keysight ADS tasarım ortamında tamamlandı. Galyum Nitrür Yüksek Elektron Hareketlilikli Transistörü ise küçük sinyal ölçümleri ve loadpull ölçümleri ile karakterize edildi. Bir başka hibrit yükselteç tasarımı da pisayada bulunabilen bir ayrık Galyum Nitrür Yüksek Elektron Hareketlilikli Transistörü kullanarak yapıldı. Küçük işaret ve güç ölçümleri sunuldu. High power RF Microwave amplifiers are becoming more important as the telecommunications, defense and aerospace industries' demands develop. GaN on SiC technology offers higher power and better form factors for these applications compared to GaAs. In addition, SiC provides better mechanical properties and thermal performance. Design, manufacturing and measurements of a S-Band Power Amplifier by using a GaN discrete bare die transistor are presented. GaN on SiC technology, fabrication process, amplifier fundamentals and design steps are explained in detail. PCB laminate properties, manufacturing, wire bonding and importance of heat management are explained. Design, tapeout, characterization of a fabricatedHEMT and its packaging are also mentioned. Power amplifier's small-signal gain of 14.5 dB is measured at center frequency. 41.5 dBm RF power at P6dB is measured at 200 µs pulse width 10% duty cycle at 3 GHz, reaching a power density of 5.4W/mm. Small-signal gain, IP3 measurements under different biases, AMAM and AM-PM distortions are also investigated in detail. EM simulations areperformed in Keysight ADS design environment. Amplifier design is based on small-signal and loadpull measurements. De-embedding of fixture effects during HEMT characterization and their models are also investigated. Another hybrid amplifier design by using a packaged commercial GaN on SiCbare die power HEMT is also presented. Small-signal and power measurements are also offered. 95
- Published
- 2019
24. A broadband Doherty power amplifier without a quarter-wave impedance inverting network.
- Author
-
Watanabe, Shintaro, Takayama, Yoichiro, Ishikawa, Ryo, and Honjo, Kazuhiko
- Abstract
A new Doherty power amplifier topology without a quarter-wave impedance inverting network is proposed. This topology enables the enhancement of amplifier bandwidth and achieves a more compact amplifier size. In order to remove an inverting network, the output matching network of the carrier amplifier is designed to realize high performance both at a low-RF level in the off-state of a peaking amplifier and at the RF saturation level. A 1.9-GHz Doherty amplifier without a quarter-wave impedance inverting network was designed and fabricated using GaN HEMTs. A series-connection-type amplifier using an output-combining balun was realized in a lumped-element circuit configuration. The amplifier achieved a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 51% at an output power of 29 dBm under an 11-dB input back-off from a 34-dBm saturated output power with a power-added efficiency of 59%. A maximum PAE higher than 48% was obtained over a frequency range of 1.67 to 1.97 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Design and characterization of a digitally controlled broadband attenuator and microwave power amplifier
- Author
-
Blašković, Ivan and Barić, Adrijan
- Subjects
Rogers substrate ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Elektrotehnika ,digitalno upravljani atenuator ,mikrokontroler ,vector network analyzer ,vektorski analizator mreža ,Rogers supstrat ,radiofrequency measurements ,microwave power amplifier ,radiofrekvencijska mjerenja ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Electrical Engineering ,microcontroller ,digitally controlled attenuator ,FR4 substrate ,mikrovalno pojačalo snage ,FR4 supstrat - Abstract
Jezgra ovog rada su pojačalo snage HMC441LP3 i digitalno upravljani atenuator HMC424ALP3E tvrtke Hittite Microwave Corporation. Napajanje je izvedeno korištenjem prekidačkih istosmjernih pretvornika i linearnih naponskih regulatora. 8-bitni mikrokontroler se koristi za upravljanje razinom atenuacije, a logičkim inverterom se signali prilagođavaju digitalnim ulazima atenuatora. Rezultati mjerenja su pokazali da u zadanom frekvencijskom rasponu pojačalo snage radi očekivano, a mjerenja atenuatora odstupaju od specifikacija za frekvencije veće od 4 GHz. U kaskadnom spoju pojačala snage i atenuatora javlja se valovitost prijenosne karakteristike od 3 dB. The core of this work is the HMC441LP3 power amplifier and the digitally controlled HMT424ALP3E attenuator of Hittite Microwave Corporation. The power supply is designed with switching DC – DC converters and linear voltage regulators. The 8-bit microcontroller is used to control the attenuation level, and the logic inverter adjusts the signals to the digital inputs of the attenuator. The measurement results showed that in the given frequency range the power amplifier is working expected and the attenuator measurements deviate from the specifications for frequencies greater than 4 GHz. In the cascade of power amplifiers and attenuators, the waviness of the transfer characteristic is 3 dB.
- Published
- 2018
26. Characterization of nonlinearities in a class-J power amplifier
- Author
-
Milan M. Ilic and Branko Bukvic
- Subjects
Physics ,Amplifier ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,dBm ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,high-efficiency ,Adjacent channel power ratio ,dBc ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,microwave power amplifier ,Predistortion ,Electricity generation ,Power ratio ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,nonlinearities ,ACPR ,class-J - Abstract
We characterize the nonlinearities of a novel 10 W class-J power amplifier (PA) with a carrier at 1.5 GHz. We employ both numerical simulations and real time adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) measurements on a fabricated prototype. The measurements are performed for a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal with 10.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and 3.84 MHz bandwidth. For a 31.4 dBm modulated output power, the measured ACPR in the lower and upper adjacent channels was 37.89 dBc and 36.82 dBc, respectively, without predistortion.
- Published
- 2017
27. Geniş bantlı ayarlanabilir mikrodalga yükselteç tasarımı
- Author
-
Atilla, Doğu Çağdaş, Yarman, Bekir Sıddık Binboğa, and Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Microwave amplifier ,Defense and Defense Technologies ,Broadband amplifier ,Savunma ve Savunma Teknolojileri ,Microwave filters ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering - Abstract
Bu eserde, haberleşme sistemlerinin verimliliğini arttırmak için maliyetini, ağırlığın ve kapladığı alanları azaltmak amacıyla yeni nesil uyumlaşma devreleri ve yükselteçler tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın giriş kısmında problemin tanımı yapıldıktan sonra birinci ve ikinci bölümde iki kapılı devreler, empedans uyumlaştırma ve yükselteçlerle ilgili temel prensipler ve teori anlatılmıştır. Devre tasarımı için yöntem olarak `Gerçel Frekans Teknikleri` kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen empedans fonksiyonlarıyla yükselteç tasarlanmştır ve bulgular bölümünde ayarlanabilirlik uygulaması yapılarak çalışma tamamlanmıştır. In this dissertation, novel matching networks and amplifiers are designed to reduce costs, weight and footprints for enhancing efficiency of communication systems. The problem is described in introduction, furthermore fundamental principles and theory about two-port networks, impedance matching and amplifiers are given in first and second section. Additionaly `Real Frequency Technique` is used to design circuits and designated amplifers and matching networks are synthesized via obtained impedance functions. In the last section several tunability approaches are applied on matching networks and amplifer. 160
- Published
- 2017
28. Characterization of Self-Heating Process in GaN-Based HEMTs.
- Author
-
Gryglewski, Daniel, Wojtasiak, Wojciech, Kamińska, Eliana, and Piotrowska, Anna
- Subjects
MODULATION-doped field-effect transistors ,POWER transistors ,WIRELESS communications ,GALLIUM nitride ,THERMAL resistance ,ACCOUNTING methods - Abstract
Thermal characterization of modern microwave power transistors such as high electron-mobility transistors based on gallium nitride (GaN-based HEMTs) is a critical challenge for the development of high-performance new generation wireless communication systems (LTE-A, 5G) and advanced radars (active electronically scanned array (AESA)). This is especially true for systems operating with variable-envelope signals where accurate determination of self-heating effects resulting from strong- and fast-changing power dissipated inside transistor is crucial. In this work, we have developed an advanced measurement system based on DeltaV
GS method with implemented software enabling accurate determination of device channel temperature and thermal resistance. The methodology accounts for MIL-STD-750-3 standard but takes into account appropriate specific bias and timing conditions. Three types of GaN-based HEMTs were taken into consideration, namely commercially available GaN-on-SiC (CGH27015F and TGF2023-2-01) and GaN-on-Si (NPT2022) devices, as well as model GaN-on-GaN HEMT (T8). Their characteristics of thermal impedance, thermal time constants and thermal equivalent circuits were presented. Knowledge of thermal equivalent circuits and electro–thermal models can lead to improved design of GaN HEMT high-power amplifiers with account of instantaneous temperature variations for systems using variable-envelope signals. It can also expand their range of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. 90-nm CMOS for microwave power applications.
- Author
-
Ferndahl, M., Vickes, H.-O., Zirath, H., Angelov, I., Ingvarson, F., and Litwin, A.
- Abstract
We report, for the first time, the experimental evaluation of a very short channel 90-nm CMOS transistor under RF over-voltage conditions. At 9 GHz and 1.5 V supply a 40 μm gate width device is able to deliver 370 mW/mm output power with a PAE of 42% and a transducer power gain of 15 dB. Measurement results at 3 and 6 GHz is also presented. The transistor does not show any degradation in either dc or RF performance after prolonged operation at 1 and 6 dB compression. Simulation show, that the peak voltage, Vds at this condition is 3.0 V, while the maximum allowed dc supply voltage is limited by the design rules to 1.2 V. We show for the first time that nanometer-scale CMOS can be used for microwave power applications with severe RF over-voltage conditions without any observable degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Highest efficiency, linear X-band performance using InP DHBTs - 48% PAE at 30 dB C/IM3.
- Author
-
Kehias, L., Jenkins, T., Quach, T., Watson, P., Welch, R., Worley, R., Oki, A.K., Yen, H.C., Gutierrez-Aitken, A., Okamura, W., and Kaneshiro, E.
- Abstract
InP single heterojunction bipolar transistors have previously demonstrated 5-10 dB lower third-order intermodulation products (IM3) compared to GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) under low voltage (2 V) operation. This paper reports excellent single-tone and two-tone X-band operation, including high two-tone power-added efficiency (PAE), on linear InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) operated at Vce=4 V. The InP DHBT demonstrated a 30 dB carrier to third-order intermodulation product (C/IM3) output power ratio simultaneously with 48% two-tone PAE. This is the highest known efficiency of an X-band device under linear (30 dB C/IM3) operation. This is especially significant for microwave power amplifiers for satellite communication transmitters, where lower intermodulation distortion is normally accomplished by backing off in RF drive and output power, thus sacrificing PAE performance [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. 3.4 to 4.8 GHz 65 nm CMOS power amplifier for ultra wideband location tracking application in emergency and disaster situations
- Author
-
Pascal Fabre, Eric Kerherve, David Polge, Anthony Ghiotto, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and BeSpoon
- Subjects
stacked transistors ,Engineering ,Maximum power principle ,business.industry ,Frequency band ,Flatness (systems theory) ,CMOS ,Electrical engineering ,Ultra-wideband ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,microwave power amplifier ,Power (physics) ,group delay ,[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism ,ultra˗wideband (UWB) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,business ,Voltage ,Group delay and phase delay - Abstract
International audience; To authors' knowledge, this paper presents the first silicon integrated PA intended for ultra-wideband (UWB) location tracking application in emergency and disaster situations (LAES). In the allocated 3.4 to 4.8 GHz frequency band, the proposed 65 nm CMOS PA provides a 1 dB compression output power and maximum power added efficiency of 17.4 ±0.5 dBm and 24.6 ±2.5 %, respectively, for a supply voltage of Vdd = 4 V. In addition, in the frequency range of interest, it achieves an excellent group delay variation and gain flatness of 75.2 ±15.05 ps and 13.65 ±0.25 dB, respectively. The proposed UWB PA provides the lowest group delay and gain variation, with the highest output power level reported so far.
- Published
- 2016
32. Linearity and efficiency improvement on RF power amplifiers
- Author
-
Aydin, Ömer, Palamutçuoğulları, Osman, and Elektrik-Elektronik Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering - Abstract
Sayısal işaret işleme konusundaki gelişmeler, sayısal modülasyon tekniğinin çok hızlı gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Ancak gelişen sayısal modülasyon teknikleri için, RF güç kuvvetlendiricilerinde, çok daha fazla doğrusallığa gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Öte yandan, gezgin terminal ve telefonların güç tüketimi gereksinimini en aza indirmek ve böylece kullanım süresini uzatmak için RF güç kuvvetlendiricilerin verimliliğinin olabildiğince yüksek olması gerekmektedir. Güç kuvvetlendirici verimliliği, sabit istasyonlarda da, işletme maliyetinin düşürülmesi nedeni ile önem kazanmaktadır.Günümüzde kullanımı oldukça fazla yaygınlaşan sayısal radyo ve televizyon yayınları, gezgin terminaller ve bunlara yönelik kurulan yer istasyonları, makine-makine haberleşmesi için kullanılan RF alıcı-vericiler havadaki sıklık bandının çok daha verimli olarak kullanılmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu verimliliği artırmanın birinci adımı, RF güç kuvvetlendiricilerinin, daha genel bir ifade ile RF vericilerin gönderilen işareti en az bozulmayla antene aktarabilmelerinin sağlanmasıdır. İkinci adım ise, diğer cihazların kullandıkları komşu kanallara da en az şekilde etki etmelerini sağlayarak iletim sığasının düşmesinin önüne geçmektir. Sıklık bandının verimli kullanılması gerekliliği, yalnızca havadaki sıklık spektrumunun sınırlı olmasından kaynaklanmamaktadır. Analog televizyonlar için yapılan mevcut koaksiyel kablo alt yapısından daha fazla yaralanmak, mevcut telefon hatlarını kullanarak daha yüksek hızlarda İnternet erişimi sağlamak için de doğrusal vericiler yapmak birinci derecede önceliklidir. İki başlık altında toplanan, güç verimliliği ve doğrusallık özelliklerini aynı anda gerçeklemek için bugüne kadar çok çeşitli çözümler üretilmiştir. Verimliliği artırmak için önerilen çözümlerin doğrusallığı düşürmesi, doğrusallığı artırmak için yapılması gerekenlerin ise güç verimliliğini düşürmesi, her bir amaca uygun farklı bir çözüm bulunması gerekliliğini doğurmuştur. Gün geçtikçe gelişen sayısal teknoloji ile işlemcilerin artan veri işleme hızı, sayısal modülasyon yöntemlerinin ve RF kuvvetlendiricilerin doğrusallığını artırmaya yönelik sayısal önceden bozma tekniklerinin gelişmesine önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Gelişen RF güç tranzistoru teknolojisi ile de verimliliği artırmaya yönelik yeni çözümler üretilmektedir. Her iki tekniğin birleştirilmesi ile üstün nitelikli RF vericiler tasarlanabilmektedir.Bu çalışmada, RF kuvvetlendiricilerin verimlilik ve doğrusallığı araştırılarak, her iki özelliği de en iyi ölçüde gerçekleyebilecek yöntemler incelenmiştir. Verimlilik konusunda ilk çalışmalar, radyo yayınlarında işletme giderlerini azaltmaya yönelik olarak başlamış ve günümüzde de hem işletme giderlerini azaltmak hem de taşınabilir kablosuz terminaller için, kullanım sürelerini artırmak için devam etmektedir. Öte yandan gelişen yakın alan haberleşme sistemleri için, enerjisini çeşitli şekillerde kendi üretmek zorunda olan RF alıcı-vericilerde de çıkış gücü çok küçük olan RF kuvvetlendiriciler kullanılmasına karşılık verimlilik oldukça önemli bir özelliktir.1930'lu yıllarda çok yüksek güçlü radyo istasyonlarında işletme giderlerini azaltmak için, W.H. Doherty bir RF kuvvetlendiriciyi (ana kuvvetlendirici), çeyrek dalga empedans dönüştürücü ile ikinci bir RF kuvvetlendiriciye (tepe kuvvetlendirici) bağlayarak verim artışı sağlamıştır. Düşük güçlerde tepe kuvvetlendirici kapalı tutulmakta, ana kuvvetlendiriciye çeyrek dalga empedans dönüştürücü üzerinden bağlan yük, ana kuvvetlendiricinin daha erken doymaya yaklaşmasına neden olarak verim artışını sağlamaktadır. Yüksek güçlerde tepe kuvvetlendirici devreye girerek, ana kuvvetlendiriciye doğru dinamik yük modülasyonu yaparak ana kuvvetlendiricinin doyma sınırında kalmasını sağlamaktadır.Aynı yıllarda H. Chireix, doğrusal olmayan sabit genlikli iki kuvvetlendirici kullanarak genlik modülasyonlu işaretlerin doğrusal olarak kuvvetlendirilmesini sağlayan bir yöntem geliştirmiştir. Evre saptırmalı verim artırma tekniği olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bu yöntem, farklı evrelerde olan iki sinüzoidal işaretin toplanması esasına dayanır. İki kuvvetlendiricinin girişlerine uygulanan uygun genlik-faz modülasyonlu işaretlerin kuvvetlendirildikten sonra toplanması ile istenen genlik modülasyonlu işaret elde edilebilmektedir.Daha sonraki yıllarda, eğrisel bir RF kuvvetlendiricinin besleme gerilimi, giriş işaretine göre modüle edilerek verim artışı sağlayan iki yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden birincisi giriş işaretinin zarfını yok etmek ve doğrusal olmayan bir kuvvetlendiricinin besleme gerilimini değiştirerek yeniden oluşturmak, ikincisi ise kuvvetlendirici besleme gerilimini zarftan biraz daha fazla yaparak verim artışı sağlamaktır. İkinci yöntemde zarf yok edilmediği ve doğrusal kuvvetlendirici kullanıldığı için daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilebilmektedir.Bu çalışmada, Doherty yöntemi, uygulamada fazla devre elemanı gerektirmediği için tercih edilmiştir. Evre saptırmalı verim artırma tekniğinde genlik-faz modülasyon devrelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Diğer iki yöntemde ise RF kuvvetlendiricinin besleme gerilimi değiştirilmesi gerektiği için DC-DC çeviricilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Doherty yönteminde ise uygun bir empedans çevirici devre ve az sayıda pasif devre elemanı ile çözüm üretmek mümkündür.1980 yıllarına kadar tüplü güç kuvvetlendiricilerinde kullanılan Doherty tekniği, daha sonraki yıllarda tranzistorlu güç kuvvetlendiricilerinde de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Raab 1987 yılında Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricinin yüksek verim aralığının daha geniş bir alanda da sağlanabileceğini analitik olarak göstermiştir. 1990 yıllarda az sayıda Doherty uygulaması raporlanmışken 2000'li yıllarda ve daha sonra çok fazla sayıda araştırma ve uygulama çalışmaları raporlamıştır. İlk olarak uygun Doherty çalışma şartlarının oluşması için ana ve tepe kuvvetlendiricilerin çıkışında bulunan empedans çeviricilerinden sonra faz ofset hatlarının gerektiği raporlanmıştır.Çok hızlı gelişen sayısal modülasyon tekniklerine paralel olarak yoğunlaşan akademik araştırmalar sonucunda Doherty uygulamaları verim, doğrusallık ve frekans bant genişliğinin artırılması yönünde daha da fazla geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar arasında çok katlı, asimetrik, çift bantlı, çift girişli, evirilmiş Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricilerini sayabiliriz.Bu tez çalışmasında RF kuvvetlendiriciler doğrusallık ve güç verimliliği açısından incelenmiş ve Doherty tekniği ile ilgili literatürde yapılan çalışmalar özet olarak verilmiştir. Literatürde yapılan hemen hemen bütün analitik analizlerde ana ve tepe kuvvetlendirici ideal olarak alınmış, çıkışta kullanılmak zorunda olunan empedans çevirici hesaba katılmamıştır. Sadece ofset hatlarının hesabına yönelik olarak empedans çeviricinin s-parametreleri kullanılarak analitik bir çözüm önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise empedans çevirici devreler de hesaba katılarak temel Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricinin akım ve gerilim eşitlikleri iki-port ABCD parametreleri kullanılarak çıkarılmıştır. Çıkarılan bu akım ve gerilim eşitlikleri kullanılarak uygun Doherty çalışma koşullarının sağlanması için üç önemli tasarım kuralı belirtilmiş ve bu kuralların sağlanabilmesi için ana ve tepe kuvvetlendiricilerin çıkışına konulması gereken ofset hatlarının faz değerleri diğer devre parametreleri (empedans çevirici devre ve çeyrek dalga empedans çevirici) cinsinden verilmiştir. Ayrıca ana ve tepe kuvvetlendiricide kullanılan tranzistorların eğim oranları da benzer şekilde devre parametreleri cinsinden analitik olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bir sonraki aşamada ise π-tipi bir empedans çevirici kullanılarak tranzistorların parazitik çıkış kapasiteleri de hesaba katılarak temel Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricinin frekans cevabı analiz edilmiştir.Analitik analiz çalışmaları, ofset hatlarının ve tranzistor eğimlerinin güç verimi ve doğrusallığa etkileri incelenerek tamamlanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda tepe kuvvetlendiricinin çıkışındaki ofset hattındaki çok büyük olmayan faz değişimlerinin Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricinin verim ve çıkış gücüne etkisinin çok fazla olmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak ana kuvvetlendiricinin çıkışındaki ofset hattındaki küçük faz değişimleri dahi verim ve çıkış gücünü önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bunun nedeni çeyrek dalga empedans çeviricinin getirdiği 90º fazın ofset hattındaki faz hatasından dolayı bozulması, sonuç olarak ise Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricinin uygun çalışması için gerekli etkin yük modülasyonunun tam olarak yapılamamasıdır. Ana ve tepe kuvvetlendiricilerdeki tranzistorların eğim oranlarına yönelik olarak yapılan analizlerde ise genlik oranı ve faz farkları ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Tepe kuvvetlendiricinin eğiminin idealden az olması ana kuvvetlendiricinin aşırı doyuma girmesine, sonuç olarak ise çıkış işaretinin kırpılmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu da, Doherty güç kuvvetlendiricinin yüksek verim aralığında doğrusal çalışma özelliğinin kaybolmasına neden olmaktadır. Eğimin idealden fazla olması ise ana kuvvetlendiricinin doyma sınırı altına düşmesine, sonuç olarak da verimin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Eğimler arası faz farkının idealden farklı olması genliğin idealden farklı olması ile benzer sonuçları doğurmaktadır. Uygun eğimde tranzistorların seçimi ile ideal genlik oranları sağlanabilir. Ancak faz farkları, giriş empedans çevirici devrelerin tasarım veya imalat farkları nedeni ile idealden farklı olabilir. Bu faz farkının çıkış ofset hatları ile ideal hale getirilmesi halinde, Doherty çalışma koşulları bozulacağından, tepe kuvvetlendiricinin girişine konulacak bir faz kaydırıcı devre kullanılarak ideal faz değeri oluşturulmalıdır.Yapılan çalışmaları deneysel olarak doğrulamak için, galyum nitrid tranzistorlar kullanılarak 790-862 MHz. bandında çalışan, 100W çıkış gücünde iki farklı Doherty güç kuvvetlendirici tasarlanmıştır. Birinci kuvvetlendiricide ana kuvvetlendirici ofset hattı ayrık eleman kullanılarak optimize edilmiş ve tepe kuvvetlendiricinin çeşitli kutuplama gerilimleri için güç, verim ve kazanç değerleri çıkarılmıştır. Tepe kuvvetlendiricinin idealden düşük ve yüksek kutuplama değerleri için çıkış güç ve verim değerlerinin düşük olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tasarlanan ikinci kuvvetlendirici de ofset hatları transmisyon hatları kullanılarak imal edilmiş ve bunlar ana ve tepe kuvvetlendirici çıkışına takılmıştır. Çeşitli ofset değerlerinde imal edilen bu ofset hatları kullanılarak verim değerleri ölçülmüş ve analitik olarak yapılan çalışmalar doğrulanmıştır. Ana kuvvetlendirici çıkışındaki ofset hattının idealden az farklı olmasının bile verimi önemli ölçüde düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca tepe kuvvetlendirici girişine konulan ayarlanabilir biz faz kaydırıcı devre ile de giriş fazı farkının verime etkisi ölçülmüş, sonuçların analizlerle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür Advances in digital signal processing led a very rapid development in the digital modulation technique area. However, emerging digital modulation techniques need more linearity in RF power amplifiers. On the other hand, the efficiencies of RF power amplifiers should be as high as possible in order to minimize power consumption of mobile terminals, and thus lead to reduced battery size and prolonged battery life. In the base station applications, high efficiency leads to reduced power demand of both the RF power amplifiers and the cooling equipment, thus reduces both equipment and operating cost.Nowadays pretty much widespread use of digital radio and television broadcasting, mobile terminals and ground stations established for them and frequency band used by RF transceivers for the machine-to-machine communication has made it mandatory to use a lot more efficient. The first step of the improvement of the efficient use of the frequency band is to transfer signal to the antenna with a minimum distortion. The second step is to enable the use of channels of neighbor's device, with minimum impact on other devices, to prevent at least, the capacitance fall of transmission. The necessity of efficient use of the frequency band in the air is not only because of the limited frequency spectrum available. The linearity of transceivers play an important role for benefiting more from the existing coaxial cable infrastructure of analog televisions and for providing a high speed of internet access from the existing telephone lines.A wide variety of solutions has been developed for power efficiency and linearity, which are two important titles of RF amplifiers features. The unavoidability of linearity degradation to improve efficiency and the unavoidability of efficiency degradation to improve linearity of the proposed solutions has given rise to the need for a practical solution in a different way. The development of the digital technology and increasing data processing speed of processors provide, day by day a significant contribution to the development of digital pre-reversal techniques intended to improve the linearity of RF amplifiers and digital modulation. New solutions are produced to improve efficiency, by developing RF power transistor technology. Superior RF transmitters can be designed by combining both techniques.This study investigates the linearity and the efficiency of RF amplifiers and, to the best extent realizations of both properties. The first studies in the field of efficiency started in order to reduce operating costs for radio broadcasts, nowadays, additionally, reducing operating costs as well as for increasing the use durations of portable wireless terminals. On the other hand, because of the emerging near-field communication systems, RF amplifiers efficiency becomes to be an important feature for small devices that have small power and that have to produce its own output power.Various linearization and efficiency enhancements techniques is investigated available in the literature. RF power amplifier classes and design techniques are compared for 4G base station applications. Suitable solution is chosen which is Doherty power amplifier in this work according to design objectives.By using ABCD cascade two-port parameters, a new analytic method is proposed to design Doherty power amplifier including its output matching circuits and output parasitic components of the active device. Three important design rules are defined to implement basic Doherty power amplifier, which one is the transconductance ratio of the main and peaking active devices, two others for calculation of the offset line values for main and peaking branches. With the proposed method, an ideal basic Doherty power amplifier analyzed using MATLAB and results are compared with RF CAD simulation outputs. In this analysis, a π-type matching circuit is used for output impedance transformation networks. Microstrip transmission lines are used to implement offset lines. Effect of the variation on component parameters is analyzed and results are discussed. Frequency response analysis is also presented.Finally, two Doherty power amplifiers are designed and implemented which, first amplifier has lumped component on the phase offset circuits, and the second uses microstrip offset lines and dual drive operation to demonstrate the proposed method. Properties of active devices that have different technologies are compared and main parameters of selected Gallium Nitride transistor are presented. High power amplifier design steps are also discussed. 177
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- 2016
33. Microwave power amplifiers
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Paolo Colantonio, Franco Giannini, and Ernesto Limiti
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Power-added efficiency ,Engineering ,Relation (database) ,business.industry ,Microwave power amplifiers ,Circuit design ,Amplifier ,RF power amplifier ,Load pull ,Electrical engineering ,microwave power amplifier ,high–efficiency operation ,harmonic tuning techniques ,Device Properties ,Communications system ,Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica ,Power (physics) ,Nonlinear design ,Harmonic ,Electronic engineering ,Linear amplifier ,Design and Technology ,Direct-coupled amplifier ,business - Abstract
Microwave Power are discussed, focusing mainly on solid-state implementations. Starting with an introduction on solid-state and vacuum device power generating capabilities and solid-state active realization technologies and materials, this article introduces and defines the basic quantities defining and characterizing a microwave power amplifier. The basic concepts of operating class and the relevant expected performances are addressed, including reference cases. Power balance considerations are inferred and high-efficiency power amplifier design techniques are detailed, including both harmonic tuning approaches and switched-mode amplifier schemes. Measurement-based approaches (load pull) and computer-aided design techniques are also discussed. Keywords: microwave power amplifier; high–efficiency operation; harmonic tuning techniques
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- 2016
34. Modelling of microwave transistor based SV-regression and building performance data base with its use in novel evolutionary design optimizations of nonuniform microstrip LNAs with a typical filtenna design
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Belen, Mehmet Ali, Güneş, Filiz, and Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
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Microwave power amplifier ,Global optimization method ,Genetic regression ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Horn antenna ,microwave frequence ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering ,Low noise amplifier - Abstract
Haberleşme teknolojisi insanlığın çok önemli bir kullanım alanı olarak, hızla gelişmekte ve gün geçtikçe karşılanması daha zor talepleri olan bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Ana talepleri, yüksek performans, düşük boyut, daha geniş bant ve düşük maliyet ve düşük enerji tüketimi olarak sıralayabiliriz. Haberleşme sistemlerinde, hassas alıcılı devrelerde, yüksek performanslı devre katlarının kullanılması önemli bir gereksinimdir. Bahsedilen isteklerin gerçeklemesi için, düşük gürültülü ön kat alıcı alt devre elemanlarının modelleme aşamasında keskin, hızlı ve güvenilir bir model gerekmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, bu isteklerin uygulanabilirliği için çalışmalar yapılmıştır. İlk olarak, bir bant geçiren filtre ve anten katının entegre bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlayan bir modül tasarlanmıştır, öyle ki modül sinyalin antene ulaştığı esnada bir önsüzüme işlemi gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu şekilde, iletişim sisteminin toplam sinyal gürültü oranını ve ışıma kazancını iyileştiren kompakt bir tasarım elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca tek transistorlu bir LNA katı tasarımı ile düşük maliyet ve düşük enerji kullanım istekleri karşılanabilinir. Ama bu denli zorlayıcı kriterlere sahip LNA tasarımı için yenilikçi, hızlı ve doğruluğu yüksek metotlar gerekmektedir. Bu zorlukları aşmak için, yüksek performans, düşük maliyet, düşük enerji kullanımına sahip bir LNA tasarımı için yenilikçi bir metot önerilmiştir. Öncelikle doğruluğu yüksek ve güvenilir Destek Vektor Regresyon Makinası (DVRM) tabanlı mikrodalga transistor saçılma ve gürültü parametre modellemesi yapılmıştır. Üreticiler tarafından sağlanmış olan ölçülmüş veriler kullanılarak DVRM modelinin eğitimlerinde kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen DVRM tabanlı mikrodalga transistor modeli, Meta-Sezgisel algoritmalar yardımı ile transistor‟e ait Gerçekleyebilir Tasarım Hedef Uzayı GTHU elde edilmiştir. GTHU elde edildikten sonra, Meta Sezgisel algoritmalar uygulanılarak tek katlı LNA devresinin giriş ve çıkış uyumlama devrelerinin Ekspolansiyel ve Furier serisi tabanlı uniform olmayan mikroşerit iletim hatları ile modellenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bunlara ek olarak, sistem seviyesinde tasarlanan Filtenna ve LNA devrelerinin doppler Radar uygulamalarına yönelik bir vaka analizi yapılmıştır. En son olarak tez çalışması tartışma ve sonuçlar ile tamamlanmıştır. Communication technology is rapidly developing as a very important area for use of the mankind emerging more and more challenging demands every day. The major demands include high performance, lower size, wider band, lower cost and low energy consumption. Sensitive receiver circuits in telecommunication systems are commonly require high performance RF stages. The mentioned demands requires a precise, fast and reliable model during the design stages of each sub-system of the Low Noise Front-End Receiver. In this thesis, a feasible solution for these demands are studied. Firstly an integrated antenna and band-pass filter in a single module, in which a pre-filtering process is carried out when signal is received by antennas. This multifunction integration makes entire system be more compact and the system performance is improved by pre-filtering process. This multi-functional sub-system consisting of Filter and Antenna is commonly called as Filtenna. Thus, a compact design is obtained with enhancements in the Noise and radiation performance of the whole communication system. Also with the usage of single transistor in LNA stages the low cost and low energy consumption demands can be satisfied. But in order to have a LNA design with such challenging criteria the usage of novel, fast, and accurate methods are needed. For to achieve this challenge, a novel methodology is proposed to design high performance, low cost low power single transistor microstrip LNA. Firstly an accurate and reliable Support Vector Regression Machine (SVRM) model of microwave transistor is presented for both scattering and noise parameters. The measured data provided by manufacturers had been used to create training and test data for SVRM model. After obtaining the SVRMmodel of microwave transistor, nature inspired Meta-heuristic algorithms are applied to Building Performance Data Bases of a Microwave Transistor subject to the potential performance of the SVRM based Microwave transistor model. After acquiring the Performance Data Bases of a Microwave Transistorsolution of the transistor model, aDE algorithm is applied to modelling the input and output matching networks of the single stage LNA design using exponentially tapered microstrip and Fourier Based Non-Uniform microstrip transmission lines.In addition to these, a study case is presented for the system level functioning of Filtenna and LNA circuits for Doppler radar systems. The last chapter is for conclusions and discussions along with some recommendations for future work. 116
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- 2016
35. Theoretical consideration on harmonic manipulated amplifiers based on experimental data
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Teresa M. Martin-Guerrero, Paolo Colantonio, Franco Giannini, Valeria Vadala, Elisa Cipriani, Gianni Bosi, Giorgio Vannini, Antonio Raffo, Raffo, A, Colantonio, P, Cipriani, E, Vadalà, V, Bosi, G, Martin Guerrero, T, Vannini, G, and Giannini, F
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Computer science ,integrated circuit measurement ,FET, harmonic manipulation, integrated circuit measurements, microwave power amplifier, semiconductor device measurements ,High-electron-mobility transistor ,Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica ,microwave power amplifier ,NO ,law.invention ,Microwave power amplifier ,Harmonic analysis ,Harmonic manipulation ,law ,Integrated circuit measurement ,harmonic manipulation ,Electronic engineering ,Telecomunicaciones - Congresos ,Semiconductor device measurement ,FET ,integrated circuit measurements ,Semiconductor device measurements ,Plane (geometry) ,Amplifier ,Transistor ,Experimental data ,Current sense amplifier ,Harmonic ,ING-INF/01 - ELETTRONICA - Abstract
This contribution aims at the experimental confirmation of the advantages of the harmonic manipulation theory, using a low-frequency low-cost characterization setup. A 0.5-μm 10x100-μm (1-mm gate periphery) GaN HEMT has been characterized synthesizing at the current-generator plane different load conditions, realizing tuned-load and Class-F operation. The measurements clearly demonstrate the importance of by synthesizing the required loads at the correct reference plane, giving an experimental proof of the performance predicted by theoretical analysis. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
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- 2015
36. Design Of A Wideband Microwave Power Amplifier Using Non-linear Device Model
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Kılınç, Sedat, Akduman, İbrahim, Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisligi, and Electronic and Communication Engineering
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Impedance Matching ,Empedans Uyumlaştırma ,Doğrusal Olmayan Eleman Modeli ,Gerçel Frekans Tekniği ,Microwave Power Amplifier ,mikrodalga Güç Yükselteci ,Real Frequency Techniques ,Non-linear Device Model - Abstract
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2015, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Instıtute of Science and Technology, 2015, Yüksek lisans tezi olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olan bu çalışmada, tasarım adaımlarındaki tüm detaylara yer verilerek yapılan bir örnek tasarım üzerinden, genişbandlı bir güç yükselteci tasarım metodolojisi sunulmuştur. Çalışma başlığında da yer alan doğrusal olmayan bir eleman modeli, çalışmanın çıkış kaynağı olarak düşünülebilir. Çünkü bu türden, doğrusal olmayan bir elemanın davranışını modellemek, lineer denklem sistemleriyle mümkün olmamakta ve çoğu optimizasyon algoritmalarıyla tasarım kriterlerine uygun başarımlar elde edilememektedir. Davranışı doğrusal olmayan eleman içeren böyle bir tasarımın bir de genişbandlı olması istendiğinde durum iyice karışacak, ortaya çıkan denklem takımları çözülemeyecek bir hal alacak ve optimizasyon algoritmaları ile sonuca yakınsamak neredeyse imkası hale gelecektir. Bu nedenle çalışmada böyle bir tasarımın yapılması, bilgisayar destekli tekniklerle ele alınmış, tasarım adımları adım adım izah edilerek doğrusal olmayan bir transistör modeli içeren, oldukça geniş bandlı bir mikrodalga güç yükselteci tasarımı yapılmıştır. Tasarımı yapılan devrenin üretime elverişli hale getirilmesi ve serim sonrası simülasyonlarına yer verilerek ayrıca tasarım sonrasında devre elamanı olarak üretici eleman modelleri kullanılarak devrenin performansı gerçeğe en yakın şekilde analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tasarım sonucu gözlemlenen simülasyon sonuçları oldukça tatmin edici nitelikte çıkmıştır. İdeal ve serim tasarımı tamamlanan devrenin daha sonra prototip üretimi de tamamlanıp testlere tabi tutulmuş ve elde edilen ölçüm sonuçlarına da yer verilmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçları henüz kısıtlı imkanlar nedeniyle bir takım eksiklikler içerse de elde edilen bulgular devrenin düzgün bir şekilde çalıştığını göstermektedir. Devrenin ölçümleri devam etmektedir. Tasarım aşamalarından önce genel olarak doğrusal olmayan eleman modelleri ve elde edilme yöntemlerinden de kısaca bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca güç yükselteçleri hakkında ve tasarım parametreleri ve tasarımda kullanılan yöntemlere de değinilmiştir. Yine yükselteç devrelerinde sıkça kullanılan uyumlaştırma devre türleri ve bunların tasarım yöntemlerinden de kısaca bahsedilmiş, tasarım adımlarında anlatıldığı üzere bu uyumlaştırma türlerinden farklı basamaklarda farklı problemlerin çözümünde faydalanılmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan davranış sergileyen bir eleman içeren genişbandlı bir güç yükseltecinin tasarımı her ne kadar bir örnek üzerinden anlatılmışsa da, uygunan yöntemler genelleştirilebilir niteliktedir ve paylaşılan bilgilerin doğrusal olmayan eleman içeren devre, özellikle güç yükselteci tasarımcıları için faydalı olacağı ümit edilmektedir., In this MSc. Thesis, a design metodology of a wideband microwave power amplifier using non-linear device model is proposed in details over a design example. And design steps are explained as could be as in details to be usefull for microwave power amplifier designers who encounter with similar issues. It can be considered as a motivation point that usage of a non-linear device model which is also take part on the name of this study. Because modelling and studying such a non-linear device can not be possible via linear equation sets and most of the time optimization algorithms can not convergence on the solution. In addition if the desired bandwidth is wide, it will be more difficult and nearly impossible to solve equations and usage of the optimization algorithms will be useless due to the convergance problems. For these reasons, such a study is done using a computer-aided and user-driven method and design systems and design steps are explained in details as could be as possible. The Simplified Real Frequency Tecchnique (SRFT) which is popular in literature with its ability of broadband matching solutions also implemented in the design steps. And at the final of the work, a wideband microwave power amplifier is designed and prototyped in success. On the path of production, post layout simulation called “cosimulation” is implemented and realistic vendor models are used in the cosimulation to observe realistic effects. The simulation results of the designed circuit are seen sufficiently satisfying. After ideally designed and simulated with cosimulation tool, the circuit is prototyped and measured. Measurement results are in aggrement with simulation results which shows the prototyp circuit works well. Classical microwave circuit design relies on the linear network parameters such as s-parameters due to their capability of characterizing the behavior of any linear circuit successfully. Furthermore, the classical design and analysis of linear microwave transistor based circuits are based on the simple analytical approaches which utilize the transistor s-parameters. So that it is not complicated to provide an analytical solution for the input and output variables and analytically determining fundamental parameters as the stability factor, the power gain contours or the input-output matching conditions. But all these happens when the microwave devices operates in their linear regions. S parameters depends on super position principle and only passive microwave circuits such as filters, couplers, power dividers, etc., and active microwave devices such as amplifiers that operates small signal operating points can be characterized in accuracy with them. If the amplifiers input signal level increases over its linear region, super position principle becomes no more useful, distortions such as gain compression, harmonic production and entermodluation begins to form. For the last few decades, the linear system theory was utilizing in success on the design of microwave circuits. This linearity approach was modelling the linear microwave devices succesfully and characterizing them consistently with the support of vectorel network analyzers (VNA). Nevertheless, todays systems of space and aeronautics, social media and mobile personal communication devices make it inevitable to operate the active network device in its non-linear region to improve efficiency and bandwidth. So on this path, usage of linear theory gives no more use and in becomes a neccesity to study the non-linear parameters and characterizing such devices with them. Some examples of these kind of non-linear applications can be found on RF power amplfier studies which requires high power and mostly operates its non-linear region. It is important to design of microwave power amplifiers with high power level and it depends to the transistors non-linear model to low cost design and high efficiency. One of the main problem in the microwave circuit design with large signals is the difficulty of the design with complex, non-linear devices to achieve desired delivered power level, desired efficiency and good reflectances. Since the non-liear device can not be modeled with linear equation sets, several design steps are required to achieve desired criterias on the input and output regions. And these processes take importance for time efficiency and performance. For this reason it is important that to select a suitable optimum design methodology for the desired circuit. In the study desired design criterias are achieved for the microwave power amplifier circuit which contains non-linear device model. On the design process, different kind of design techniques in the literature are used to solve different problems encountered on the different steps of the design. The thesis contains six main chapters. In the first part, the introduction and problem definition take place. The second chapter of the study takes a brief look to the non-linear design models and discuss about why they are important and how they can be obtained comparing them small signal parameters. In the third chapter, power amplifiers and their design techniques are introduced. Some important parameters about power amplifier designs are explained in the chapter three. Also in this chapter, broadband matching problems and some common matching techniques are explained. The fourth chapter, which is the longest part of the study is the section where the design of broadband microwave power amplifier with non-linear device model started. In this section, the matching techniques are implemented, reflectance levels of the circuit are reduced, flat gain is obtained and all desing criterias are achieved over the ideal case and the ideal design is completed with high success. In the fifth chapter, the designed ideal circuit in chapter four is prepared for the prototype production. The layout design is made and cosimulations are performed. According to the results, the post layout optimizations are done and also good results are obtained for the post layout design. Also in this chapter, the prototyped circuit and its measurement results are given. It is observed that the measurement results are in a good agreements with simulation results. The last section, chapter six is the conclusion part. In this section, the completed study is overviewed and required discussion and future works are given. In the final of the work, a microwave power amplifier with a ultra-wide bandwidth from ~0.8GHz to ~3.2GHz, and has nearly 4-6Watt output power on the operating bandwidth is achieved. The harmonic performance shows also good results. Circuit is includes Cree’s Gan HEMT power transistor and designed with it’s large signal model. Input and outpt matching networks are designed with using several methods in combination. All the design steps are detailed in related section. However the design of a wideband microwave power amplifier using non linear device model is explained over a design example. The study and techniques that used can be generalized for different design criterias. And it is hoped that this study will help power amplifier designers challenging with wide bandwidth and non-linear devices., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.
- Published
- 2015
37. Microwave Power Amplifier
- Author
-
Pecen, V.
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,AWR Microwave Office ,X-band - Abstract
The goal of this thesis is to create a design of a microwave power amplifier working in X-band at the center frequency of 10.368GHz. The amplifier has to operate in CW mode and pulse mode with output power of 36dBm and gain of 20dB.
- Published
- 2015
38. Microwave Power Amplifier
- Abstract
The goal of this thesis is to create a design of a microwave power amplifier working in X-band at the center frequency of 10.368GHz. The amplifier has to operate in CW mode and pulse mode with output power of 36dBm and gain of 20dB.
- Published
- 2015
39. Microwave Power Amplifier
- Abstract
The goal of this thesis is to create a design of a microwave power amplifier working in X-band at the center frequency of 10.368GHz. The amplifier has to operate in CW mode and pulse mode with output power of 36dBm and gain of 20dB.
- Published
- 2015
40. Microwave Power Amplifier
- Abstract
The goal of this thesis is to create a design of a microwave power amplifier working in X-band at the center frequency of 10.368GHz. The amplifier has to operate in CW mode and pulse mode with output power of 36dBm and gain of 20dB.
- Published
- 2015
41. Microwave Power Amplifier
- Abstract
The goal of this thesis is to create a design of a microwave power amplifier working in X-band at the center frequency of 10.368GHz. The amplifier has to operate in CW mode and pulse mode with output power of 36dBm and gain of 20dB.
- Published
- 2015
42. Design of an X-band SiGe driver amplifier
- Author
-
Terlemez, Hasip, Kırcı, Mürvet, and Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Microwave amplifier ,Power amplifier ,Integrated circuits ,Microwave circuits ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering - Abstract
Bu çalışmada X-Band frekans aralığında çalışan bir SiGe sürücü kuvvetlendiricisi tasarlanmıştır. Bu kuvvetlendirici push-pull devre mimarisine sahip olup, iki kattan oluşmaktadır. Yapılan ölçümler sonrası kuvvetlendiricinin en yüksek kazanç değerinin 22 dB ve 1-dB bastırma noktasındaki çıkış gücünün 12 dBm olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın devamında kuvvetlendiricinin performansının yükseltilmesi için devre yapısında değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümler sonrasında ikinci kuvvetlendiricinin en yüksek kazanç değerinin 26 dB ve 1-dB bastırma noktasındaki çıkış gücünün 14 dBm olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki kuvvetlendirici ilgilenilen frekans aralığı için iyi giriş ve çıkış empedans eşleşmesi göstermektedir. An X-Band SiGe driver amplifier is designed as a part of this study. The amplifier utilizes push-pull architecture and consists of two stages. It shows a measured maximum gain of 19 dB, output power of 12 dBm at the 1-dB compression point, good input and output impedance matching for relevant frequency band. The amplifier is modified to achieve higher performance as a follow up study. Second iteration of the amplifier shows a measured maximum gain of 26 dB, output power of 14 dBm at the 1-dB compression point, good input and output impedance matching. 87
- Published
- 2014
43. Nonlinear modeling of LDMOS transistors for high-power FM transmitters
- Author
-
Bosi, G., Crupi, Giovanni, Vadalà, V., Raffo, A., Giovannelli, A., Vannini, G., Bosi, G, Crupi, G, Vadalà, V, Raffo, A, Giovannelli, A, and Vannini, G
- Subjects
FET nonlinear model ,nonlinear measurement ,ING-INF/01 - ELETTRONICA ,non–quasi-static model ,non-quasi-static model ,low-frequency dispersion characterization ,LDMOS ,microwave power amplifier - Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear model of a commercial 10-W laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor for FM transmitters is identified. It is based on high-frequency small-signal measurements for the identification of both the parasitic network and the strictly nonlinear dynamic effects, whereas low-frequency large-signal measurements are exploited for the description of the dynamic I/V characteristics of the device above the cut-off of low-frequency dispersion. A validation of the proposed model is provided by using time-domain nonlinear measurements carried out at 40 MHz and 100 MHz.
- Published
- 2014
44. Nonlinear modeling of LDMOS transistors for high-power FM transmitters
- Author
-
Bosi, G, Crupi, G, Vadalà, V, Raffo, A, Giovannelli, A, Vannini, G, Bosi, G, Crupi, G, Vadalà, V, Raffo, A, Giovannelli, A, and Vannini, G
- Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear model of a commercial 10-W laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor for FM transmitters is identified. It is based on high-frequency small-signal measurements for the identification of both the parasitic network and the strictly nonlinear dynamic effects, whereas low-frequency large-signal measurements are exploited for the description of the dynamic I/V characteristics of the device above the cut-off of low-frequency dispersion. A validation of the proposed model is provided by using time-domain nonlinear measurements carried out at 40 MHz and 100 MHz.
- Published
- 2014
45. Gate-recessed AlGaN/GaN based enhancement-mode high electron mobility transistors for high frequency operation
- Author
-
Oliver Ambacher, Christian Schippel, Frank Schwierz, Rudiger Quay, C. Haupt, Stefan Müller, Wilfried Pletschen, Stephan Maroldt, and Publica
- Subjects
Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,E-HEMT ,Transconductance ,Transistor ,General Engineering ,Mode (statistics) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,high transconductance ,Algan gan ,Mikrowellen-Leistungsverstärker ,microwave power amplifier ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,GaN ,hohe Steilheit ,Etching (microfabrication) ,law ,efficiency ,Optoelectronics ,Effizienz ,business ,High electron ,Power density - Abstract
By combining a low damage chlorine based gate-recess etching and a sophisticated technology for AlGaN/GaN depletion-mode high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) we fabricated high performance recessed enhancement-mode HEMTs. A comparative investigation of depletion- and enhancement-mode devices prepared by this technique shows excellent DC and RF properties. A transconductance of 540 mS/mm and cut-off frequencies fT of 39 GHz and fmax of 74 GHz were obtained for 0.25 µm gate enhancement-mode HEMTs. Large-signal power measurements at 2 GHz reveal an output power density of 4.6 W/mm at 68% PAE conclusively demonstrating the capability of our enhancement-mode devices.
- Published
- 2009
46. Haberleşme sistemlerinde doğrusal olmayan mikrodalga güç kuvvetlendiricilerinin sebep olduğu bozulmaların doğrusallaştırma teknikleri ile giderilmesi
- Author
-
Yapici, Alparslan Çağri, Çiflikli, Cebrail, and Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Microwave power amplifier ,Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği ,Electrical and Electronics Engineering ,Communication systems - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında haberleşme sistemlerinde doğrusal olmayan mikrodalga güç kuvvetlendiricilerinden kaynaklanan bozulmaların giderilmesi için farklı doğrusallaştırma teknikleri önerilmiştir. Modern haberleşme sistemleri daha yüksek veri hızları ve daha geniş bant genişlikleri elde edebilmek için bant verimli, bununla birlikte yüksek zarf dalgalanmaları içeren modülasyon teknikleri kullanmaktadırlar. Yüksek zarf dalgalanmaları haberleşme sisteminin performansını doğrusal olmayan sistem bileşenlerine daha fazla bağımlı hale getirmektedir. Göz ardı edilemeyecek önemli doğrusal olmayan sistem bileşenlerinden bir tanesi de mikrodalga güç kuvvetlendiricileridir. Bu sebepten mikrodalga güç kuvvetlendiricilerinin doğrusallaştırılması önemli çalışma alanlarından birisi haline gelmiştir.Bu çalışmada ileri beslemeli, analog kübik önceden bozma ve analog/sayısal karma önceden bozma olmak üzere üç farklı doğrusallaştırma tekniği farklı modülasyon tekniklerinde meydana gelen ara-kiplenim (intermodulation) bozulmalarını azaltmak için önerilmiştir. Benzetimlerde ve sonuçlarının incelenmesinde Agilent ADS benzetim programı kullanılmıştır. Doğrusallaştırıcı performansını belirlemek için komşu kanal güç oranı seviyeleri başarım ölçütü olarak kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan doğrusallaştırma tekniklerine ait benzetim sonuçları önerilen tekniklerin modern haberleşme sistemlerinde ara-kiplenim bozulmalarının istenilen seviyelere azaltılabildiğini, ölçülen komşu kanal güç oranı seviyeleri doğrultusunda ortaya koymuştur. In this thesis, in order to reduce the intermodulation distortion (IMD) caused by nonlinearity properties of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PA) in modern communication systems, several linearization techniques are proposed. In order to obtain higher data rates and bandwidth, modern communication systems utilizing modulation schemes, which are efficient in bandwidth therefore having high envelope fluctuations. High envelope fluctuations of the modulated signal make the communication system more sensitive to nonlinear properties of the system components. One of the important nonlinear devices in communication system is RF PA. Therefore linearization of RF PA has become a popular research area.In this study three different linearization techniques, as feedforward, analog cubic predistortion and analog/digital hybrid predistortion, are proposed for reducing the intermodulation distortion in different types of modulation schemes. For carrying out the simulations and evaluating the performance of the simulation results, Agilent ADS simulator program has been used. For evaluating the performance of the linearization technique adjacent channel power ratio is used as figure of merits. Simulation results of utilized linearization technique show that intermodulation distortion levels can be reduced to acceptable levels in modern communication systems by the levels of adjacent channel power ratio. 86
- Published
- 2008
47. A coplanar X-band AlGaN/GaN power amplifier MMIC on s.i. SiC substrate
- Author
-
F. van Raay, Rudiger Quay, Michael Schlechtweg, Fouad Benkhelifa, G. Weimann, Hermann Massler, Michael Dammann, M. Kuri, Wilfried Pletschen, B. Raynor, Stefan Müller, Michael Mikulla, Rudolf Kiefer, and Publica
- Subjects
Materials science ,coplanar waveguide ,CPW ,Gain compression ,Gallium nitride ,High-electron-mobility transistor ,modulation-doped field effect transistor ,Microstrip ,microwave power amplifier ,Feldeffekttransistor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,field effect transistor ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Monolithic microwave integrated circuit ,Mikrostreifenleitung ,Radar ,reliability ,business.industry ,Amplifier ,Coplanar waveguide ,Electrical engineering ,FET ,MODFET ,koplanare Wellenleiter ,Zuverlässigkeit ,Mikrowellen-Leistungsverstärker ,Condensed Matter Physics ,modulationsdotierter Feldeffekt-Transistor ,chemistry ,Duty cycle ,Optoelectronics ,phased array ,business ,microstrip - Abstract
This work presents a two-stage high-power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) operating between 9 GHz and 11 GHz based on a fully integrated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology on s.i. SiC substrate and is suitable for radar applications. The MMIC device with a chip size of 4.5/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/ yields a linear gain of 20 dB and a maximum pulsed saturated output power of 13.4 W at 10 GHz equivalent to 3.3 W/mm at V/sub DS/=35V, 10% duty cycle, and a gain compression level of 5 dB. Further, dc reliability data are given for the MMIC HEMT technology.
- Published
- 2005
48. Critical issues in highly-linear power amplifier design
- Author
-
Alberto Santarelli, Rudi Paolo Paganelli, SANTARELLI A., and PAGANELLI R.
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Amplifier ,RF power amplifier ,Power bandwidth ,Control engineering ,Digital radio ,MICROWAVE POWER AMPLIFIER ,Microwave power amplifiers ,AMPLIFIER DISTORTION ,Nonlinear distortion ,FETS ,Distortion ,Electronic engineering ,business ,CIRCUIT MODELING ,Linear circuit ,Intermodulation - Abstract
A recently proposed technique for the design of power amplifiers is here improved and specifically tailored for the application in the field of highly-linear PAs, such as those required by modern high-capacity digital radio links. The proposed design procedure is aimed at providing minimum intermodulation distortion in the presence of hard constraints of minimum guaranteed output power and gain. The proposed algorithm can be efficiently exploited both in conjunction with a highly accurate nonlinear device model, obtaining a numerically efficient design procedure completely CAD-based, or alternatively, as a performance-driven controlling strategy for experimental source-load pull setups. The description of the algorithm also gives the opportunity of revising critical issues concerning both design and electron device modeling aspects related to high-linearity PAs.
- Published
- 2005
49. Development of a 2'-AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology on sapphire and SiC for mm-wave high-voltage power applications
- Author
-
G. Weimann, Hermann Massler, Stefan Müller, Rudolf Kiefer, Axel Tessmann, F. van Raay, B. Raynor, Michael Mikulla, Klaus Köhler, T. Feltgen, Rudiger Quay, S. Ramberger, J. Schleife, and Publica
- Subjects
SiC ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Aluminium nitride ,Millimeterwelle ,Gallium nitride ,High voltage ,MODFET ,High-electron-mobility transistor ,millimeter wave ,Mikrowellen-Leistungsverstärker ,Condensed Matter Physics ,microwave power amplifier ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Power (physics) ,GaN ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ternary compound ,MMIC ,Sapphire ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Sheet resistance - Abstract
The suitability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC is discussed with respect to mm-wave applications at 40 GHz and beyond. A 0.15 μm T-gate AlGaN/GaN-HEMT 2-inch technology on SiC and sapphire was developed for high power applications and for frequencies beyond 30 GHz. Large periphery devices with 0.48 mm gate width show a cw output power of 0.86 W at 40 GHz. AlGaN/GaN dual-gate HEMTs show MSG/MAG of >13 dB at 60 GHz with 0.15 μm gate length. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
- Published
- 2003
50. Silicon Carbide Microwave Transistors and Amplifiers
- Author
-
Jonsson, Rolf and Jonsson, Rolf
- Abstract
Ibis work deals with silicon carbide (SiC) metal semieonduetor field effect transistors (MESFETs) and microwave amplifiers using them. The wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors silicon carbide and gallium nitride have a large potential for microwave power generation. The high power density combined with the comparably high impedance attainable by devices in these materials also offers new possibilities for wideband high power microwave systems. To realise these possibilities we need transistors that are well understood and optimised and amplifier designs that take advantage of the broadband possibilities offered by the transistors. We have developed and used physical drift-diffusion simulation models for SiC MESFETs. The simulation results showed a large influence of the doping and thickness of the channel and buffer layers, and the properties of the semi-insulating substrate on the DC and small signal device performance. A comparison between the physical simulations and measured device characteristics has also been carried out. A novel and efficient way to extend the physical simulations to the large signal high frequency domain has been developed. The method was used to investigate experimentally detected problems in the dynamies of the transistors during large signal operation and to further optimise the device structure. In this work a number of broadband SiC MESFET amplifiers were designed, fabricated and characterized. The packaging and charaeterisation of transistors is described and the design and characterisation of the amplifiers are presented. A 100-500 MHz amplifier showed a measured output power above 20 W and gain >15 dB across the band and a peak power of 26 W at 400 MHz, corresponding to a power density of 5.2 W/mm, with an associated power added efficiency (PAE) of 46 %. A 0.8-2 GHz feedback amplifier showed a measured output power above 5 W, gain >7 dB and PAE above 15 % across the band. A two stage 2.8-3.3 GHz amplifier had a maximum measured ou
- Published
- 2005
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