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The development of porous carbon materials with high CO2 adsorption capacity is crucial for addressing the current issues of industrial air pollution and global warming. In this study, B/N codoped porous carbon materials were prepared via a combined strategy involving the use of a self-sacrificing template in conjunction with potassium hydroxide activation; moreover, g-C3N4 was used as the N source and boric acid was used as the B source. The pore structure and surface chemistry were investigated in detail using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and desorption, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that the prepared material exhibited the highest specific surface area (2278 m2/g) and pore volume (1.00 cm3/g) when the ratio of B/N sources was 1:0.5; moreover, its CO2 adsorption value (3.26 mmol/g) was higher than those of most codoped adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports recent advances in thermally induced phase separation technology in fabricating microporous scaffold polymeric membranes as devices suitable for the controlled release of insect repellent. The key aspects, such as the crystallization behavior and morphological study of the polymeric membrane‐based repellent, were reported and discussed. Studies demonstrated that trapping of such repellents into microporous polymeric materials can be achieved by spinodal decomposition of the polymer/liquid repellent system. Usually, solubility is enhanced at elevated temperatures. Rapid cooling of such solution below the UCST leads to the formation of cocontinuous phase structures by decomposition. The polymer then forms an open‐cell structure with the repellent trapped inside. Approaches to forming such an open‐cell polymer structure containing mosquito repellent were successfully performed and confirmed with the SEM and POM techniques. It showed the structure of a polymer and liquid repellent prepared by spinodal decomposition, providing proof that thermally induced spinodal decomposition is a route to trap liquid mosquito repellent into a microporous polymer matrix. Additionally, the effects of polymer type, repellent nature, cooling conditions, and fillers on the morphology and performance of TIPS membranes are also discussed. Finally, challenges in developing microporous polymeric membrane‐based repellent using TIPS technology are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving efficient xenon/krypton (Xe/Kr) separation in emerging hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is highly challenging because of the lack of gas‐binding sites on their pore surfaces. Herein, we report the first microporous HOF (HOF‐FJU‐168) based on hydrogen‐bonded helical chains, which prevent self‐aggregation of the pyrene core, thereby preserving open pyrene sites on the pore surfaces. Its activated form, HOF‐FJU‐168a is capable of separating Xe/Kr under ambient conditions while achieving an excellent balance between adsorption capacity and selectivity. At 296 K and 1 bar, the Xe adsorption capacity of HOF‐FJU‐168a reached 78.31 cm3/g, with an Xe/Kr IAST selectivity of 22.0; both values surpass those of currently known top‐performing HOFs. Breakthrough experiments confirmed its superior separation performance with a separation factor of 8.6 and a yield of high‐purity Kr (>99.5 %) of 184 mL/g. Furthermore HOF‐FJU‐168 exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability, as well as renewability. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and molecular modeling revealed that the unique electrostatic surface potential around the open pyrene sites creates a micro‐electric field, exerting a stronger polarizing effect on Xe than on Kr, thereby enhancing host‐Xe interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials characterized by their porous structures, formed through coordination bonding between metal ions/clusters and multidentate organic linkers. MOFs have emerged as a significant class of materials with applications in energy storage, CO2 adsorption, and catalysis. This study serves as a brief introduction to the currently available synthesis methods of MOFs, aimed at acquainting beginners in the field of chemical engineering with the ongoing developments in MOF research. The discussed synthesis methods encompass traditional solvothermal/hydrothermal approaches, microwave synthesis of MOFs, one-pot synthesis, MOF nanocomposites, isothermal synthesis, and fluid-fluid synthesis. Notably, the MOF/NH2/Fe3O4 combination exhibited enhanced adsorption capacity of 618 mg/g and retained an efficiency of over 90 %. This study displays a valuable technique for designing functional MOF hybrid composites. By combining MOFs with specific materials, numerous advantages can be achieved in the newly created compounds (MOF composites), including synergistic effects beneficial in catalytic applications, and overcoming the challenges associated with using bare MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanded Graphite (EG) has been widely used for treating oil-polluted water. Removal of dye pigments from oily wastewater is the biggest challenge for paint industries. So, the present work focuses on treating simultaneously oil and dye-contaminated water by introducing TiO2/EG composite. EG samples with the highest exfoliation volume have been prepared by microwave irradiation by optimizing time and tested through an oil adsorption study with different oils. TiO2 NPs have been synthesized by the sol–gel method. A novel EG/TiO2 composite has been synthesized by mixing TiO2 NPs in graphite intercalation compound (precursor) and exfoliating the mixture for the optimized irradiation time. A comparative study of the effect of EG, TiO2 NPs, and EG3/TiO2 composite on oil and dye-polluted water has been performed in direct sunlight. Results of UV–visible spectroscopy showed that the addition of TiO2 NPs with EG accomplished the dye degradation along with the adsorption of oil from polluted water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline/hydrothermally treated graphite disk (PANI/HT-G disk) with 3D microporous structure and large surface area is suggested as an effective and inexpensive electrode in the supercapacitor application. The PANI/HT-G disk was easily obtained from uniform mixing of commercial and low-cost azodicarboxamide (ADCA-C2H4O2N4) and graphite powders, pressing beneath optimum pressure pursued by treatment at 250 °C to release various gases (NH3, N2, CO) originated from ADCA decomposition (creating porous structure with large surface area) and finally electrodeposition of polyaniline onto the previously HT-G disk. The PANI/HT-G disk demonstrated weak ohmic drop and favorite areal capacitance of 1490 mF cm−2 at 2/0 mA cm−2 in aqueous 1.0 M sulfuric acid electrolyte under the three-electrode system. When PANI/HT-G disk was assembled as symmetric supercapacitor disk device with a PVA/H2SO4 gel, the areal capacitance was 232 mF cm−2 at 2/0 mA cm−2 with high operation voltage. The supercapacitor device had an energy density of 93.17, 83.32, 86, 63.96, 60.2, 48.37, and 44.8 mWh cm−2 in the power density of 2.58, 3.22, 3.87, 4.51, 5.16, 5.8, and 6.45 mW cm−2. It is expected that the strategy introduced in this work could guide designers for scalable fabrication of low-cost supercapacitor disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological changes in cut flowers after harvest accelerates their senescence process and greatly affects the quality of cut flowers. Thus the preservation technology is a key factor in limiting the development of the cut-flower industry. The objective of the present study was to explore a new method of preserving cut roses to reduce post-harvest storage and transportation losses. Cut roses were packaged in polyethylene (PE) bags of 40 × 110 cm, with 0, 2, 6, 20, and 30 microperforations of 600 μm at 4°C. The adjustment of the number of microperforations allowed the control of gas concentrations inside the packaging, and those with 20 microperforations permitted the best quality characteristics at 4°C. The findings revealed variations in the gas environment within modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with different numbers of micropores, which exerted diverse effects on the preservation of cut rose flowers. The MAP with 20 micropores demonstrated the most effective preservation outcome. It not only effectively maintains the antioxidant capacity, the vitality of POD, SOD, and anti-superoxide anion in cut roses but also inhibits the accumulation of H2O2 content. Additionally, it effectively maintained the storage quality by inhibiting the respiration rate, ethylene production rate, and decay rate in cut roses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In energy applications, the use of materials with hierarchical porous structures and large surface areas is essential for efficient charge storage. These structures facilitate rapid electron and ion transport, resulting in high power density and quick charge/discharge capabilities. Carbon-based materials are extensively utilized due to their tunable properties, including pore sizes ranging from ultra- to macropores and surface polarity. Incorporating heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron modifies the carbon structure, enhancing electrocatalytic properties and overall performance. A hierarchical pore structure is necessary for optimal performance, as it ensures efficient access to the material's core. The microstructure of carbon materials significantly impacts energy storage, with factors like polyaromatic condensation, crystallite structure, and interlayer distance playing crucial roles. Carbon aerogels, derived from the carbonization of organic gels, feature a sponge-like structure with large surface area and high porosity, making them suitable for energy storage. Their open pore structure supports fast ion transfer, leading to high energy and power densities. Challenges include maintaining mechanical or structural integrity, multifunctional features, and scalability. This review provides an overview of the current progress in carbon-based aerogels for energy applications, discussing their properties, development strategies, and limitations, and offering significant guidance for future research requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil spill cleanup in water remains a critical challenge due to the harmful secondary pollution from conventional methods such as burning or chemical degradation. Herein, we present a facile method to fabricate a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic polyurethane (PU) foil for efficient and environmentally friendly oil/water separation. More specifically, micropillar arrays were embedded onto the foil surface through a nanoimprinting process. Microporous structures were generated at the foil cross-section by a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) saturation method. The dimensions of pillar and pore structures were optimized with the aim of boosting selective wetting (i.e., water repellency and oil attraction) properties. As a result, the developed PU foil shows an oil absorption efficiency nearly 4 times higher than a pristine reference. Moreover, the structured PU foil stably retains the absorbed oil for over a week, demonstrating an absorption capacity of nearly 400%, which is also much superior than the unstructured sample. Our concept of combining both topographical micropillars and cross-sectional micropores onto PU foil provides a novel approach for achieving efficient and environmental friendly oil/water separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present research, we synthesized pure α‐Fe2O3, NiO, and a microporous α‐Fe2O3@NiO heterostructure electrode via the spray pyrolysis method. The microporous α‐Fe2O3@NiO heterostructure electrode, with its highly porous structure, offers a larger electrode‐electrolyte interface, which results in improved electrochemical performance. Specifically, the microporous heterostructure exhibited a higher specific capacitance of 530.87 F/g at a current density of 7 mA/cm2 in a 1 M NaOH electrolyte, as compared to α‐Fe2O3 (187.12 F/g at 7 mA/cm2) and NiO (492.69 F/g at 7 mA/cm2). The microporous α‐Fe2O3@NiO heterostructures exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical performance as compared to the individual α‐Fe2O3 and NiO samples, owing to the synergistic effect of the heterostructure. Furthermore, the microporous α‐Fe2O3@NiO heterostructure exhibited high specific capacitances and exceptional cycling stability for more than 2000 cycles, indicating their potential as excellent electrode for supercapacitor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, an innovative method of fermentation osmotic activation was employed to produce activated carbon derived from rice husk. The fermentation procedure dismantles the robust lignin present on the rice husk surface, thereby liberating amorphous SiO 2 , enhances osmotic activation, and promotes pore development. Following the high-temperature osmosis treatment utilizing a KOH solution, a significant portion of the amorphous SiO 2 on the husk's surface is successfully dissolved and removed, leading to the formation of numerous carbon skeletons. This procedure culminates in the production of activated carbon characterized by a high specific surface area and substantial pore volume, attributed to the role of K ions during carbonization. The sample DFRO1-AC exhibited the most effective hydrogen gravimetric storage capacity of 1.21 wt% at room temperature (25 °C) and 80 bar pressure, featuring a BET specific surface area of 2270 m2/g. Compared to other activated carbons used for hydrogen storage, our materials demonstrate superior hydrogen storage capacity and employ renewable agricultural waste, indicating high feasibility and broad application prospects. • An innovative method of fermentation osmotic activation. • The fermentation can promote pore development. • Osmotic activation eliminates SiO 2 and etches the carbon skeleton. • Excellent hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exquisite combination of [Tb2(CO2)9] units and [Tb2(CO2)6(HCO2)(H2O)2]n chains under acidic solvothermal condition generated a highly robust {(Me2NH2)4[Tb4(DDAC)3(HCO2)(OH2)2]⋅6DMF⋅5H2O}n (SLU-1, H5DDAC = 2,6-di(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-4-aminobenzoic acid) microporous framework. In SLU-1, each four [Tb(1)2(CO2)9] units and four [Tb(2)2(CO2)6(H2O)2] units are bridged by eight DDAC5− ligands to form cage-like voids with the diameter of 8.2 Å and the moderate window size of 4.2 × 3.5 − 4.6 × 5.5 Å2. which is concurrently functionalized by amino groups on the inner surface. More interestingly, the inner surface of cage-like voids in activated SLU-1a is functionalized by free amino groups and rich unsaturated Tb3+ cations because of the dissociation of solvents. Owning to the Lewis acid–base synergistic effect derived from open metal sites, free oxygen atoms and amino groups in the confined pore environments, SLU-1 with the aid of co-catalyst n-Bu4NBr exhibited high catalytic activity on the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides and under mild solvent-free conditions, especially for epoxides with smaller size. A highly robust microporous framework of {(Me2NH2)4[Tb4(DDAC)3(HCO2)(OH2)2]⋅6DMF⋅5H2O}n (SLU-1) with hierarchical channels and cage-like voids exhibits the high catalytic activity on the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides and under mild solvent-free condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different acids on the pore structure and fractal characteristics of micropores and mesopores was determined with the help of low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model by using Yuwu coal as a sample and placing it in acidic environments, such as HF, HCl, HNO3, and CH3COOH. The results show that the acidization effects of HF and CH3COOH are separately dominated by the micropore and mesopore formation effects, while HCl and HNO3 mainly play their roles in expanding mesopores. After acidization, the surface fractal dimensions D1 and D1′ of micropores and mesopores in coal are always negatively correlated with the total specific surface area SBET, specific surface area Smic of micropores, and specific surface area Smes of mesopores. After being acidized by HF, D2 is negatively correlated with the total volume Vtot and the corresponding micropore volume Vmic, while acidization with HCl and HNO3 leads to the opposite result. After being acidized by CH3COOH, D2 has a negative correlation with Vtot and a positive correlation with Vmic. The structural fractal dimensions D2′ of mesopores in samples acidized by HF and CH3COOH are positively correlated with both the volume Vtot and mesopore volume Vmes, while it is the opposite for samples acidized by HNO3. D2′ of coal samples acidized by HCl is negatively correlated with Vtot while positively correlated with Vmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the synthesis of a mixed crystal phase mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF) through a new synthesis route. The Hexagonal Centred Planar/Face Centred Cubic mixed phase UiO-67(Zr) product was microfluidically synthesised using benzoic acid as the acid modulator. This phase ratio can be altered through changing the concentration of water present in the reaction solution. This product shows increased mesoporosity and uptake of N2 at 77 K and 1 bar of 1083 cm3/g, as compared to 615 cm3/g for the product made via the traditional batch approach. This leads to an increase working capacity due to the change in isotherm type, from type I to type IV, with the uptake occurring more gradually overall as pressure increases. An increased working capacity allows for a greater range of control for the volume of N2 stored in/released from the material. This product has only been successful in microfluidic conditions, highlighting the potential importance of this method for future synthesis of this MOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The facile synthesis of microporous hybrid bimetallic iron-cobalt phosphonate (FeCoNAPH) has been reported under easy hydrothermal condition without using any kind of template. With the lower overpotential values of 154 and 132 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and having lower Tafel slopes, the electrocatalyst displays outstanding catalytic activities for OER and HER, repetitively in basic medium. The as-synthesized FeCoNAPH is a cost-effective material employed in practical applications, and it is analogous to the standard catalysts such as IrO 2 and Pt/C (10 wt%). Having a high specific surface area with regular microporosity, the FeCoNAPH displays exceptional electrocatalytic activity, which could be utilized for commercialization purposes in the future to substitute the high-cost effectiveness and scarcity of noble metals. Additionally, the as-synthesized electrocatalyst exhibits long-term durability with the required cell potential of 1.43 V to attain 10 mA cm−2 for a two-electrode overall water splitting (OWS) system. Notably, the spherical structure helps in the production of a greater number of electroactive sites, which leads to a faster rate of kinetics of the development of electroactive intermediate species. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of hybrid bimetallic phosphonate (FeCoNAPH) under hydrothermal condition. • FeCoNAPH requires a cell voltage of 1.43 V to attain 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. • The full cell system exhibits the outstanding stability up to 25 h time. • Spherical morphology bearing phosphorous atoms enhance the electron density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible crystal structures, which exhibit single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations, are attracting attention in many applied aspects: magnetic switches, catalysis, ferroelectrics and sorption. Acid treatment for titanosilicate material AM-4 and natural compounds with the same structures led to SCSC transformation by loss Na+, Li+ and Zn2+ cations with large structural changes (20% of the unit-cell volume). The conservation of crystallinity through complex transformation is possible due to the formation of a strong hydrogen bonding system. The mechanism of transformation has been characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, powder diffraction, Rietvield refinement, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The low migration energy of cations in the considered materials is confirmed using bond-valence and density functional theory calculations, and the ion conductivity of the AM-4 family's materials has been experimentally verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CuIn(ina) 4 exhibits preferential adsorption of C 2 H 6 over C 2 H 4. • C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 selectivity of CuIn(ina) 4 can be as high as 2.3 at ambient conditions. • Separation potential of CuIn(ina) 4 can reached up to 1578 mmol/L. Purification of ethylene (C 2 H 4) is an essential and energy-intensive process in the petrochemical industry. Adsorption separation using ethane (C 2 H 6)-selective porous adsorbents is a highly efficient and straightforward method for obtaining polymer-grade C 2 H 4 from a binary C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 mixture. However, the design and construction of C 2 H 6 -selective adsorbents are very challenging tasks. Herein, we demonstrate a microporous heterometal-organic framework, CuIn(ina) 4 , can preferentially enrich C 2 H 6 than C 2 H 4. Experimental results revealed that CuIn(ina) 4 exhibited remarkable separation performance for the C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 mixture with a high C 2 H 6 loading capacity (3.3 mmol/g), high IAST selectivity (2.3) and separation potential (1578 mmol/L for equimolar C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 mixture) under ambient conditions. The effectiveness of CuIn(ina) 4 for C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 adsorption separation was confirmed by theoretical calculations and breakthrough experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of gaseous ozone (OG) and perforated modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the preservation of Chinese bayberry. In order to determine the optimal storage conditions, different modified atmospheres and different concentrations of OG were used separately or in combination to treat Chinese bayberry. Results showed that the optimum modified atmosphere for packaging of Chinese bayberry was 10% O2 + 10% CO2 + 80% N2, which could maintain dynamic equilibrium when a microporous film with two perforations of 100 μm in diameter per 243.39 cm2 was used, and the optimal OG concentration was 18.3 mg/m3. The single treatments with OG or perforated MAP inhibited the decay incidence and maintained high contents of total phenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids in Chinese bayberry. The combined treatment was more effective in preserving the quality of Chinese bayberry, slowing down the decline of fruit firmness, and reducing the losses of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA) and ascorbic acid (ASA). In addition, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the combined treatment group were 1.42 and 1.9 times higher than those in the untreated control, respectively, indicating reduced accumulation of H2O2 and O2-·, so that the mold free shelf life was extended up to 8 d.

In energy applications, the use of materials with hierarchical porous structures and large surface areas is essential for efficient charge storage. These structures facilitate rapid electron and ion transport, resulting in high power density and quick charge/discharge capabilities. Carbon-based materials are extensively utilized due to their tunable properties, including pore sizes ranging from ultra- to macropores and surface polarity. Incorporating heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron modifies the carbon structure, enhancing electrocatalytic properties and overall performance. A hierarchical pore structure is necessary for optimal performance, as it ensures efficient access to the material’s core. The microstructure of carbon materials significantly impacts energy storage, with factors like polyaromatic condensation, crystallite structure, and interlayer distance playing crucial roles. Carbon aerogels, derived from the carbonization of organic gels, feature a sponge-like structure with large surface area and high porosity, making them suitable for energy storage. Their open pore structure supports fast ion transfer, leading to high energy and power densities. Challenges include maintaining mechanical or structural integrity, multifunctional features, and scalability. This review provides an overview of the current progress in carbon-based aerogels for energy applications, discussing their properties, development strategies, and limitations, and offering significant guidance for future research requirements.

Oil spill cleanup in water remains a critical challenge due to the harmful secondary pollution from conventional methods such as burning or chemical degradation. Herein, we present a facile method to fabricate a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic polyurethane (PU) foil for efficient and environmentally friendly oil/water separation. More specifically, micropillar arrays were embedded onto the foil surface through a nanoimprinting process. Microporous structures were generated at the foil cross-section by a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) saturation method. The dimensions of pillar and pore structures were optimized with the aim of boosting selective wetting (i.e., water repellency and oil attraction) properties. As a result, the developed PU foil shows an oil absorption efficiency nearly 4 times higher than a pristine reference. Moreover, the structured PU foil stably retains the absorbed oil for over a week, demonstrating an absorption capacity of nearly 400%, which is also much superior than the unstructured sample. Our concept of combining both topographical micropillars and cross-sectional micropores onto PU foil provides a novel approach for achieving efficient and environmental friendly oil/water separation.

The development of low cost‐effective and highly efficient heterogeneous electrocatalysts is most appreciable in the research community. A newly designed microporous organic‐inorganic hybrid iron cobalt phosphonate (FeCoDPAM) is synthesized using diphenylphosphinamide as an organophosphorus ligand through a hydrothermal pathway without any template. To synthesize N, P‐codoped bimetallic oxides (NP/FeCoO350, NP/FeCoO550, and NP/FeCoO750), the as‐synthesized material FeCoDPAM has undergone pyrolysis at three different temperatures, i. e., 350, 550, 750 °C, respectively. The high specific surface area and a regular microporous array of N, P‐codoped iron cobalt oxide (NP/FeCoO350) material provide excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The NP/FeCoO350 material catalyzes OER with the overpotential of 331 mV at a current density of 10 mAcm−2 and Tafel slope of 56.7 mV dec−1 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The inclusion of iron in the cobalt phosphonate framework can change the electronic structure, and electron transfer can be feasible to the d‐orbital of cobalt. Due to the doping of heteroatoms such as N and P into the bimetallic oxide matrix, a synergistic effect can occur, which is the driving force for the efficient electrocatalytic OER activity. Also, the FeCoO350 displays stability with outstanding oxidative current up to 50 h time in chronoamperometry measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of acetylene (C2H2) from carbon dioxide (CO2) is a very important but challenging task due to their similar molecular dimensions and physical properties. In terms of porous adsorbents for this separation, the CO2‐selective porous materials are superior to the C2H2‐selective ones because of the cost‐ and energy‐efficiency but have been rarely achieved. Herein we report our unexpected discovery of the first hydrogen bonded organic framework (HOF) constructed from a simple organic linker 2,4,6‐tri(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (PYTPZ) (termed as HOF‐FJU‐88) as the highly CO2‐selective porous material. HOF‐FJU‐88 is a two‐dimensional HOFs with a pore pocket of about 7.6 Å. The activated HOF‐FJU‐88 takes up a high amount of CO2 (59.6 cm3 g−1) at ambient conditions with the record IAST selectivity of 1894. Its high performance for the CO2/C2H2 separation has been further confirmed through breakthrough experiments, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and molecular simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous-activated carbons have drawn great attention due to their important role in CO2 capture. Ni(NO3)2/KOH, as co-catalysts under different temperatures, were studied to obtain porous graphitized carbon from Sargassum horneri feedstock. The results indicated that the properties of the porous graphitized carbon generated at 850 °C were greatly enhanced, showing a large specific surface area of 1486.38 cm3·g−1 with narrowly distributed micropores (~0.67 nm) and abundant functional groups, which endowed high CO2 uptake; moreover, the high CO2 uptake was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of Ni(NO3)2 and KOH, both in chemical modification and pore formation. The fitted values of the four kinetic models showed that the double exponential model provided the best description of carbon adsorption, indicating both physical and chemical adsorption. It is worth noting that carbon could be reused four times in the adsorption/desorption procedure in this research with good stability. This work focuses on the high-value-added comprehensive utilization of macroalgae, which not only is important for high-performance adsorbent preparation but also has positive benefits for the development and utilization of macroalgae resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Polypropylene PP in disposable items such as face masks, gloves, and personal protective equipment has increased exponentially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing significantly to microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. Upcycling of waste PP provides a useful alternative to traditional thermal and mechanical recycling techniques. It transforms waste PP into useful products, minimizing its impact on the environment. Herein, we synthesized an oil-sorbent pouch using waste PP, which comprises superposed microporous and fibrous thin films of PP using spin coating. The pouch exhibited super-fast uptake kinetics and reached its saturation in fewer than five minutes with a high oil uptake value of 85 g/g. Moreover, it displayed high reusability and was found to be effective in absorbing oil up to seven times when mechanically squeezed between each cycle, demonstrating robust oil-sorption capabilities. This approach offers a potential solution for managing plastic waste while promoting a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two‐dimensional (2D) carbon nanosheets derived from biomass precursor is successfully synthesized via a cost‐effective salt‐templated process. Microstructural characterization and Raman spectral analysis of the sample derived from the salt template method reveals the formation of carbon nanosheets. The nanosheet thickness and its capacitance have been altered by varying the carbon precursor to salt‐template ratio. From the AFM data, the thickness of the as‐prepared thin carbon sheet was measured as ~5.16 nm, and the other thicker carbon sheet thickness was determined to be between 24 and 38 nm. The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis shows that the thinner nanosheets possess a high specific surface area (SSA) of 485 m2 g−1, with slit‐pore geometry having a total pore volume of 0.29 cm3 g−1. Hence, compared to thicker carbon nanosheets (63.6 F g−1), the thinner carbon nanosheets exhibit superior electrochemical capacitance of 146 F g−1 in an aqueous 6 M KOH electrolyte, without employing any chemical activation. The electrochemical series resistance of as‐prepared carbon nanosheet samples was found to be <1 Ω with charge transfer resistances in the range of 0.29 Ω (thicker sheets) to 0.18 Ω (thinner sheets). The specific capacitance and electrochemical properties vary significantly when the nanosheet thickness has been tuned from thicker to thinner by altering the starch ratio in NaCl. The two‐electrode cell assembled using thinner carbon nanosheets exhibited the capacitance of 70.1 F g−1 with energy and power densities as 9.7 Wh kg−1 and 20 kW kg−1 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel preferential carbon-dioxide sorption was observed on a cadmium based mixed-linker metal-organic framework (MOF){[Cd(abdc)(azpy)](DMA)}n [where 4,4´-azopyridine = azpy and 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid = H2abdc]. {[Cd(abdc)(azpy)](DMA)}n features an interpenetrated 3D networked structure consist of pendant Lewis basic −NH2 groups directed towards the pores. PLATON analysis shows that the solvent accessible void space of the MOF is ca. 26.6%. At 298 K, the desolvated MOF showed an uptake of carbon-dioxide of 8.33 wt% or 42.42 cc/g at 1 bar pressure which, upon cooling to 273 K, is increased to about 12.17 wt% or 62 cc/g at 1 bar pressure. In contrast, methane uptake capacities of the desolavated MOF were 0.127 wt% or 1.79 cm3/g and 1.34 wt% or 18.74 cm3/g at the adsorbate pressure of 1 bar at 298 K and 273 K, respectively. On the otherhand, hydrogen uptake capacity of the desolavated MOF reached to 0.31 wt% or 34.87 cm3/g at the adsorbate pressure of 1 bar at 77 K. Selectivity of carbon-dioxide with respect to methane at 273 K is calculated to be 5.4. The heat of adsorption for carbon-dioxide is calculated to be 38 kJmol− 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The encapsulation and eradication of anions from water have received a lot of scrutinize and are extremely important for virtuous production and environmental treatment. To prepare extremely efficient adsorbents, a highly functionalized and conjugated microporous porphyrin-based adsorbent material (Co-4MPP) was synthesized using the Alder Longo method. Co-4MPP featured a hierarchical microporous and mesoporous layered structure containing nitrogen and oxygen-based functional groups with a specific surface area of 685.209 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.495 cm3/g. Co-4MPP demonstrated a greater Cr (VI) adsorption empathy than the pristine porphyrin-based material did. The effects of various parameters such as pH, dose, time, and temperature were explored on the Cr (VI) adsorption by Co-4MPP. The pseudo-second-order model and the Cr (VI) adsorption kinetics were in agreement (R2 = 0.999). The Langmuir isotherm model matched the Cr (VI) adsorption isotherm, demonstrating the optimum Cr (VI) adsorption capacities: 291.09, 307.42, and 339.17 mg/g at 298K, 312K, and 320K, correspondingly, with remediation effectiveness of 96.88%. The model evaluation further revealed that Cr (VI) adsorption mechanism on Co-4MPP was endothermic, spontaneous, and entropy-rising. The detailed discussion of the adsorption mechanism suggested that it could be a reduction, chelation, and electrostatic interaction, in which the protonated nitrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups on the porphyrin ring interacted with Cr (VI) anions to form a stable complex, thus remediating Cr (VI) anions efficiently. Moreover, Co-4MPP demonstrated strong reusability, maintaining 70% of its Cr (VI) elimination rate after four consecutive adsorptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to deal with the increasingly serious environmental problems, it is important and necessary to lower the concentration of greenhouse gases, especially the CO2 gas. CO2 capture and storage are the relative suitable options for the reduction of these harmful gas concentration. Through the variation of mass ratio of KOH to bio-char, the as prepared active carbon PC-4 exhibits a higher specific surface area of 2 491.57 cm3·g−1, with the ultra-micropores of 0.5 and 1.2 nm. At 298 K/1 bar, the CO2 adsorption capacity of PC-4 also represents the highest value of 5.81 mmol/g. This work demonstrates that the both the pore size and the specific surface area are equally important to enhance the CO2 adsorption. This work provides a sustainable method to develop high efficiency waste-based adsorbents to deal with environmental issues of CO2 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for auricular reconstruction. Although the first international clinical breakthrough of tissue-engineered auricular reconstruction has been realized based on polymer scaffolds, this approach has not been recognized as a clinically available treatment because of its unsatisfactory clinical efficacy. This is mainly since reconstruction constructs easily cause inflammation and deformation. In this study, we present a novel strategy for the development of biological auricle equivalents with precise shapes, low immunogenicity, and excellent mechanics using auricular chondrocytes and a bioactive bioink based on biomimetic microporous methacrylate-modified acellular cartilage matrix (ACMMA) with the assistance of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and polycaprolactone (PCL) by integrating multi-nozzle bioprinting technology. Photocrosslinkable ACMMA is used to emulate the intricacy of the cartilage-specific microenvironment for active cellular behavior, while GelMA, PEO, and PCL are used to balance printability and physical properties for precise structural stability, form the microporous structure for unhindered nutrient exchange, and provide mechanical support for higher shape fidelity, respectively. Finally, mature auricular cartilage-like tissues with high morphological fidelity, excellent elasticity, abundant cartilage lacunae, and cartilage-specific ECM deposition are successfully regenerated in vivo, which provides new opportunities and novel strategies for the fabrication and regeneration of patient-specific auricular cartilage.

The coal-biomass activated carbon was prepared by replacing part of coal with biomass powder, and the main influencing factors are also studied. The results of the study were determined as follows: the coal-biomass activated carbon with the mass ratio of coal to biomass of 3:7, the mass ratio of KOH to carbon of 2.0,the activation temperature of 800 ℃,and the activation time of 30 min, the specific surface area of activated carbon is 719.67 m²/g(BET), total pore volume is 0.291 cm²/g, activated carbon is mainly microporous, and the average pore diameter is 1.835 nm, the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity is 731.79 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-metallic carbon-based catalysts are one of the most promising catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR). However, the controlled synthesis of the pore structures of carbon-based catalysts and the determination of catalytic sites still remains to be further explored. Based on this, two nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts with microporous and mesoporous structures were prepared in this paper. The two catalysts had different pore structures and nitrogen-doped species. The experimental results showed that the carbon-based catalyst (PC-NH3) rich in microporous structure and pyridine nitrogen doping had better catalytic performance, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance of the catalyst was comparable to that of the platinum catalyst, and it had excellent methanol resistance and stability. This study provided important guidance for the application of porous carbon materials in oxygen reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐microporous carbon materials with high CO2 capture ability are prepared by two‐step carbonization of peach kernels, including pre‐carbonization at a relatively lower temperature (400 °C) and KOH activation at a higher temperature (700–900 °C). Notably, the micropore proportion of the obtained carbon is up to 97.65 %, indicating almost all the pores are microporous. The optimized ultra‐microporous carbon material exhibits an extremely high CO2 adsorption capacity of up to 4.92 mmol g−1 at 1 bar, and 1.64 mmol g−1 at 0.15 bar and 25 °C, and good CO2/N2 selectivity, which makes it one of the best CO2 adsorption materials. The specific surface areas of the prepared materials are in the range of 700–1000 m2 g−1. Our results show that there is no direct relationship between the specific surface and CO2 adsorption capacity. It reveals that the pore structure and microporous porosity determine the interaction between CO2 molecules and the carbon materials in our work. In addition, the ultra‐microporous carbon is feasible for commercial‐scale application, which provides a new adsorbent for industrial CO2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ionic liquids diisopropylimidazolium bromide (DIPI) and diisobutylimidazolium bromide (DIBU) were used both as solvents and structure-directing agents (SDAs) to obtain AlPO 4 -5 and MnAPO-5 (Mn-AFI) molecular sieves. For increasing level of manganese, DIBU always yielded pure-phase Mn-AFI whereas DIPI led to amorphous product when more than 0.13 eq of Mn was added. Varying amounts of water, HF and metal led to AFI, cristobalite or tridymite phases. We also explored the use of nickel as the metal dopant, and although AFI phase were obtained under certain conditions, no framework incorporation of the metal was observed. Because of the vanishingly low vapor pressure of the ILs, the synthesis does not carry the risk of pressure build-up. The ILs were easily and fully recyclable and used for multiple syntheses. The MnAPO-5 material was characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). These findings provide new insight into the ionothermal synthesis of metal-doped AFI frameworks with possible implications in catalytic applications. [Display omitted] • Experimental and theoretical results show DIBU is a better SDA than DIPI for AFI • EPR, SS-NMR, and EXAFS strongly suggest framework incorporation of Mn • The molar ratios of water and mineralizer are critical for a successful synthesis • The presence of transition metals dramatically influences the resulting phase [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of biodegradable microporous composite scaffold from agarose and chitosan. • Diphenyl-diselenide deposition on scaffold surface using pulsed plasma. • Enhanced antimicrobial activity of selenium deposited on scaffold surface by pulsed plasma. • Accelerated wound healing by pulsed plasma modified scaffold in rat model. Infected wounds present significant challenges pertaining to healing and often demand administration of strong antibiotics to patients. Also, drug resistant microbes may alter the physiology of wounds to create biofilms, frequently leading to high morbidity and mortality. In this investigation, a biodegradable, microporous composite agarose-chitosan scaffold was fabricated. Furthermore, its surface was modified with diphenyldiselenide deposition, using low pressure pulsed plasma technology. The optimized plasma parameters, viz. 5 ON /15 OFF (ms) of plasma pulse rate and 80 min of treatment time resulted in scaffolds having enhanced anti-bacterial activity against gram positive microbes like Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and S. epidermidis. The scaffolds were non-toxic to skin cells, as confirmed by the MTT assay. Cell proliferation through plasma treated and untreated scaffolds was assessed by culturing primary human dermal fibroblasts (HdaF) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and visualizing via confocal microscopy. Moreover, in-vivo rat model confirmed accelerated wound healing with plasma treated scaffold (100 % on day 14), as compared to the untreated scaffold (100 % on day 16) when compared with over-the-counter (OTC) ointment Betadine (100 % on day 12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The guanazole complex was synthesized using a green method. • The guanazole complex demonstrated a relatively high S BET (407 m2/g) and V total (0.187 cm3/g). • The guanazole complex exhibited high CO 2 uptake, measuring 3.18, 2.08, and 1.51 mmol/g at temperatures of 273, 298, and 313 K, respectively. A novel complex, resulting from the synthesis of a guanazole ligand coordinated with Zn(II), has been successfully synthesized through an environmentally friendly method and carefully characterized using a combination of analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N 2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface (BET) surface area of the guanazole complex is determined to be approximately 407.50 m2/g, featuring pore diameters and pore volume of 1.84 nm and 0.187 cm3/g, respectively. The emergence of micropores in the guanazole complex significantly enhances its CO 2 adsorption capacity. The maximum CO 2 adsorption capacity of the complex is observed to be 3.18, 2.08, and 1.51 mmol/g at temperatures of 273, 298, and 313 K, respectively. This study presents novel prospects for the controlled synthesis of nitrogen-rich complexes and their potential application in CO 2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of magnesium nitrate-tricine (MNT) nanoparticles and the impact of reaction temperature (200°C vs. 300°C) on their characteristics. • Exploration of chemical reaction temperature affects the size, crystallinity, and morphology of MNT nanoparticles. • Spectroscopic analysis reveals similarities between MNT 300 and MNT 400. • Microporous structure and tight packing exhibit microporous structures of 14-15 nm. Nano-hybrid promoted as materials with improved optical properties. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in optical properties at micro-scale. This research focuses on the impact of reaction temperature during the creation of magnesium nitrate-tricine nanoparticles through chemical vapor deposition. The study investigates how temperatures of 200°C and 300°C affect the particle size, crystallinity, and morphology of the nanoparticles. Optimizing these properties is essential for achieving the desired third-order NLO effect. By understanding the influence of temperature on nanoparticle characteristics, researchers can develop more effective NLO materials for future photonic devices. This study explores the chemical and structural differences between MNT 300 and MNT 400 materials using various techniques. Spectroscopic analysis reveals similarities in both materials with a shared peak at 1400 cm−1. However, MNT 400 exhibits additional peaks suggesting the presence of aromatic rings, nitro compounds, or variations in N–H bonds. Both MNT 300 and MNT 400 exhibit micro porous behaviour with a narrow pore size distribution around 14 nm to 15 nm, indicating tightly packed structures. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis shows a wide particle size range (2 nm to 200 nm) in both materials, suggesting the presence of atomic clusters, individual molecules, and potentially agglomerated structures. FT-Raman spectroscopy reveals higher intensity peaks in MNT 400, which could be due to a higher concentration of specific bonds, a more ordered structure, or enhanced Raman scattering. This suggests greater crystallinity or molecular uniformity in MNT 400 compared to MNT 300. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different acids on the pore structure and fractal characteristics of micropores and mesopores was determined with the help of low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model by using Yuwu coal as a sample and placing it in acidic environments, such as HF, HCl, HNO3, and CH3COOH. The results show that the acidization effects of HF and CH3COOH are separately dominated by the micropore and mesopore formation effects, while HCl and HNO3 mainly play their roles in expanding mesopores. After acidization, the surface fractal dimensions D1 and D1′ of micropores and mesopores in coal are always negatively correlated with the total specific surface area SBET, specific surface area Smic of micropores, and specific surface area Smes of mesopores. After being acidized by HF, D2 is negatively correlated with the total volume Vtot and the corresponding micropore volume Vmic, while acidization with HCl and HNO3 leads to the opposite result. After being acidized by CH3COOH, D2 has a negative correlation with Vtot and a positive correlation with Vmic. The structural fractal dimensions D2′ of mesopores in samples acidized by HF and CH3COOH are positively correlated with both the volume Vtot and mesopore volume Vmes, while it is the opposite for samples acidized by HNO3. D2′ of coal samples acidized by HCl is negatively correlated with Vtot while positively correlated with Vmes.

A current challenge in the design of synthesis lies in the incorporation of two or more transition metals into a coordination polymer. The most widely used approach has been to incorporate a second metal as a generally innocent (coordinatively saturated) part of a linear linker as in the case of multifunctional carboxylated porphyrins (MCPs). The empirical method has been used to obtain many other types of MCPs; however, the selective, direct replacement of one transition metal within a monometallic coordination polymer via controlled stoichiometry has not generally led to maintained structural fidelity. In this present work, three pyromellitic acid complexes were synthesized at room temperature and characterized by Elemental analysis, Powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption Isotherm, and Thermal analysis. The reaction in watermethanol between pyromellitic acid and copper ions by ambient precipitation method formed [CuH2B4C]?5H2O. When zinc is combined with copper and the ligand, [Cu2Zn(B4C)1.5(H2O)4.5]·9H2O is formed. A repeat of this step under solvothermal condition produced Solvo-[Cu2Zn(B4C)1.5(H2O)5]?2H2O. The N2-adsorption isotherm of these compounds showed them to be Type III according to the IUPAC classification, with small pores only capable of small molecule sorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles of a new small‐pore metal silicate formulated as Na2.9(Nb1.55Fe0.45)Si2O10 ⋅ xH2O and exhibiting the structure of previously reported Rb2(Nb2O4)(Si2O6) ⋅ H2O have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. Replacement of the bulky Rb+ by smaller Na+ ions was accomplished by stabilizing the framework structure via partial occupancy of the Nb5+ sites by Fe3+ ions. Exploratory ion‐exchange assays evidence the considerable potential of this new silicate to remove rare‐earth elements from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete understanding of the mechanism and characteristics of the migration and output of coalbed methane (CBM) is of great significance for CBM development. For the coal reservoir in a micropore overpressure environment, the "Reservoir inner surface desorption-micropore diffusion-natural fracture seepage" cannot completely describe the CBM production process. To this end, starting from the three stages of CBM production, based on the microporous overpressure environment of coal reservoirs to reveal CBM's migration and production mechanism. The results show that: (1) In the stage of saturated single-phase water flow, CBM was transported by "solution mass transfer"; (2) At the single-phase unsaturated water flow stage, CBM become "microporous drainage"; (3) At the two-phase gas-water flow stage, CBM is transported and produced traditionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomiolloite (IMA2021-019) is a new aluminum tellurite sulfite-sulfate mineral discovered at the Bambolla mine, Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico, a well-known tellurium (Te) mineral locality. Tomiolloite forms roughly spherical clusters of crystals comprised of very thin, needle-like crystals (1 μm diameter, ~40 μm length) around a core of small, stubbier, broken crystals. Tomiolloite is generally found growing on tellurite or quartz. The strongest powder X‑ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å (Iobs) (hkl)]: 11.667 (89) (100), 8.240 (38) (101), 4.107 (29) (202,211,121), 3.223 (100) (203,302,130), and 2.905 (37) (213,123,222,400). The empirical formula of tomiolloite, as determined by electron microprobe analysis, is (Al10.64Te61.01+ Fe30.31+ Zn0.04)Σ12(Te45.00+ Pb0.02)Σ5.02(S40.49+ S60.49+ Si0.02)Σ1.00O21.53[(OH)20.86Cl0.11]Σ20.97, which is simplified to the ideal formula Al12(Te4+O3)5[(SO3)0.5(SO4)0.5](OH)24. Significant Te6+ substitution for Al3+ is observed in tomiolloite, verified by X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy and crystal-structure analysis. The structure of tomiolloite was determined using synchrotron single-crystal X‑ray diffraction, showing that tomiolloite is hexagonal and crystallizes in the space-group P63/m, with the unit-cell parameters a = 13.3360(19) Å, c = 11.604(2) Å, V = 1787.3(6) Å3, and Z = 2. Tomiolloite has a unique microporous framework structure, which bears a slight similarity to that of zemannite, but it has a much larger cavity diameter (8.85 Å). The framework is built from edge-sharing Mφ6 octahedra (M = Al3+ and Te6+), Te4+O3 trigonal pyramids, and Te4+O4 disphenoids. Mφ6 octahedra edge-share to form crankshaft-shaped chains along c, with Te4+On polyhedra filling notches in the crankshafts and providing linkages between adjacent chains. The framework has an overall positive charge, which is balanced by the presence of both sulfite (SO32−) trigonal pyramids and sulfate (SO42−) tetrahedra in the channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Microporous film and MAP were evaluated to find the optimal method for extending the postharvest storage of strawberry. To determine the most suitable MAP system for strawberry, fruits were stored in controlled atmospheres (O2/CO2 partial pressures in kPa: 5/10; 10/10; 5/15), and in a separate experiment, strawberries were sealed in the container with different microporous PET/PE films. Results showed that the optimum atmosphere of strawberries was 10 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2 which could be achieved and maintained by using the microporous film with four perforations of 100 μm. By maintaining the optimal atmosphere, active EMAP could increase polyphenol compounds accumulation, with total phenolic content increased by 25% and the content of anthocyanin and total flavonoid was 13% and 29% higher than control at the end of storage. Meanwhile, active EMAP significantly increased CAT PAL and APX activities and the shelf‐life was prolonged for 6 and 3 days, respectively, compared with strawberries packed in control and passive EMAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and wearable pressure sensors are gaining attention due to their widespread applications in biomedical, intelligent, and smart systems. However, developing highly sensitive sensors for low pressures and wide ranges is still a challenge. In this direction, a flexible PDMS‐based pressure sensor is presented, having hemispherical microstructures to achieve high sensitivity and operation range. Several experiments with various dimensions have demonstrated that the sensor with microstructures of radii 100 μm on a 0.5 mm‐thick substrate shows optimum performance for a low‐pressure range of less than 6 kPa. Further, a finite‐element method‐based simulation has illustrated improvement in the sensor response with the decrease in substrate thickness. In practice, a very thin film of the substrate is not suitable for detecting a wide range of pressure. The presence of microstructures, however, improves the performance. Adding porosity to the substrate further elevates the sensitivity to 9.51 kPa−1 for a low‐pressure range of less than 10 kPa. Even for medium (30–70 kPa) and high‐pressure ranges (40–120 kPa), the sensitivities of the sensor proposed are as high as 0.045 and 0.17 kPa−1, respectively. The proposed sensors show at least an order improvement of sensitivities compared with the prior arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous-activated carbons have drawn great attention due to their important role in CO2 capture. Ni(NO3)2/KOH, as co-catalysts under different temperatures, were studied to obtain porous graphitized carbon from Sargassum horneri feedstock. The results indicated that the properties of the porous graphitized carbon generated at 850 °C were greatly enhanced, showing a large specific surface area of 1486.38 cm3·g−1 with narrowly distributed micropores (~0.67 nm) and abundant functional groups, which endowed high CO2 uptake; moreover, the high CO2 uptake was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of Ni(NO3)2 and KOH, both in chemical modification and pore formation. The fitted values of the four kinetic models showed that the double exponential model provided the best description of carbon adsorption, indicating both physical and chemical adsorption. It is worth noting that carbon could be reused four times in the adsorption/desorption procedure in this research with good stability. This work focuses on the high-value-added comprehensive utilization of macroalgae, which not only is important for high-performance adsorbent preparation but also has positive benefits for the development and utilization of macroalgae resources.