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This work aims to investigate the effective removal of oil in food waste (FW). Two bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus glycinifermentans, were obtained under high temperature conditions and named YZQ-2 and YZQ-5, respectively. The oil degradation rate of two bacteria was explored under different pH value, temperature, and NaCl concentration. In addition, the lipase and emulsifying activity were evaluated. The maximum oil degradation rate was 83.41 ± 0.86% and the maximum lipase activity reached 89.73 ± 20.89 U L-1 with YZQ-2. The fermentation broth of YZQ-2 displayed exceptional emulsification activity. Subsequently, YZQ-2 and YZQ-5 were added to aerobic FW composting. The moisture content of the compost treated with inoculated strains decreased at a faster rate during the first three days of composting. The microbial quantity increased rapidly in the first three days, and the oil degradation rate reached 39.96% after five days. Due to the excellent adaptability to high temperature and ability to degrade oil, strains YZQ-2 and YZQ-5 exhibit superior potential for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Inoculation improved temperature of T1 to ∼50°C from ∼10°C two days earlier than CK. • Inoculating Bacillus licheniformis increased RDC degradation by 31.2%. • Cooperation between microbial network modules was improved in the start-up phase. • Enhanced microbial cooperation promoted the degradation of organic components. • Inoculation enhanced basic carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle. Microbial activity and interaction are the important driving factors in the start-up phase of food waste composting at low temperature. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of inoculating Bacillus licheniformis on the degradation of organic components and the potential microbe-driven mechanism from the aspects of organic matter degradation, enzyme activity, microbial community interaction, and microbial metabolic function. The results showed that after inoculating B. licheniformis , temperature increased to 47.8°C on day 2, and the degradation of readily degraded carbohydrates (RDC) increased by 31.2%, and the bioheat production increased by 16.5%. There was an obvious enhancement of extracellular enzymes activities after inoculation, especially amylase activity, which increased by 7.68 times on day 4. The inoculated B. licheniformis colonized in composting as key genus in the start-up phase. Modular network analysis and Mantel test indicated that inoculation drove the cooperation between microbial network modules who were responsible for various organic components (RDC, lipid, protein, and lignocellulose) degradation in the start-up phase. Metabolic function prediction suggested that carbohydrate metabolisms including starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, etc., were improved by increasing the abundance of related functional genes after inoculation. In conclusion, inoculating B. licheniformis accelerated organic degradation by driving the cooperation between microbial network modules and enhancing microbial metabolism in the start-up phase of composting. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spray drying was used to prepare the bacterial powder of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which was then used for wettable reagent production. The biocontrol effects of the microbial agent B. amyloliquefaciens against Botrytis cinerea on tomatoes were studied for pre- and postharvest applications. Single-factor analysis was performed to optimize the factors that may affect the bacterial concentration during spray drying, including inlet temperature, feed rate, airflow rate, wall materials, and their concentrations. The parameters were established as follows: inlet temperature of 170 °C, feed flow rate of 360 mL/h, airflow rate of 30 m3/h, and 10% maltodextrin. The agent with a concentration of 11.30 log colony-forming units (cfu)/g was obtained. The prepared wettable bacterial powder showed significant inhibitory activities against the tested pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, and B. cinerea. After harvest, the tomatoes were sprayed with the prepared microbial agent. The bacterial spores colonized the surface of tomatoes, which prevented B. cinerea from infecting the tomatoes effectively by competition for space and parasitism. The preharvest tomatoes were sprayed with the prepared microbial agent at a dose of 8.1 × 107 cfu/mL, which showed an equivalent biocontrol effect to procymidone. Preharvest spray could prolong the storage period and reduce the rotting rate of tomatoes during storage. In conclusion, an efficient and stable B. amyloliquefaciens agent can be prepared by spray drying, which then can be used to control B. cinerea disease pre- and postharvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a significant cash crop in China. In this study, we investigated the effect of microbial agent application with different rates and application periods on tobacco diseases and soil microorganisms. During the tobacco growing process, the doses of 0, 30 and 60 kg hm-1 were applied at the time of ridging, transplanting and resettling, respectively. 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing techniques were utilized to analyze the microbial communities in tobacco fields. The results indicated that the application of microbials significantly decreased the incidence rate and disease index of Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora nicotianae. Moreover, the application of microbial agents resulted in an increase in the abundance of specific fungi (Basidiomycota) and bacteria (Nitrospirae), while reducing the abundance of other fungi (Blastocladiomycota) and bacteria (Spirochaetes). The optimum application dose of microbial agents at the budding stage was recommended as 60 kg.hm-2 for improving tobacco production and soil health, as well as for increasing the economic value of the tobacco leaves of roasted cigarettes significantly. This study emphasizes soil organic matter and pH as key factors influencing tobacco root microbiota. After microbial fertilizer treatment, the relative abundance of various microorganisms in tobacco rhizosphere soil positively correlated with soil enzyme activity and negatively correlated with soil nutrients, which reflected that tobacco rhizosphere microorganisms were regulated by the combination of soil nutrients and enzyme activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tartronic acid is known for its potential to inhibit sugar-to-lipid conversion in the human body, leading to weight loss and fat reduction. This compound is predominantly found in cucumbers and other cucurbit crops. Therefore, cultivating cucumbers with high tartronic acid content holds significant health implications. In this study, we assessed the tartronic acid content in 52 cucumber germplasms with favorable overall traits and identified 8 cucumber germplasms with elevated tartronic acid levels. Our investigation into factors influencing cucumber tartronic acid revealed a decrease in content with fruit development from the day of flowering. Furthermore, tartronic acid content was higher in early-harvested fruits compared to late-harvested ones, with the rear part of the fruit exhibiting significantly higher content than other parts. Foliar spraying of microbial agents increased tartronic acid content by 84.4%. This study provides valuable resources for breeding high tartronic acid cucumbers and offers practical insights for optimizing cucumber production practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to further explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer and microbial agents instead of some chemical fertilizers on peanuts, the experiment was conducted with no fertilization, local usual fertilization and recommended conventional fertilization as the control group, respectively. Then, the effects of 80%, 60%, 50% and 40% conventional fertilizer combined with the bio-organic fertilizer and microbial agent on the growth, yield, fertilizer contribution rate and economic benefits of peanut were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the main agronomic traits and pod traits between the treatment of 40%-80% conventional fertilizer combined with the bio-organic fertilizer and microbial agent and the treatment of local usual fertilization and conventional fertilizer. In terms of yield, fertilizer contribution rate and economic benefit, 50% conventional fertilizer + 50% bio-organic fertilizer + microbial agent had the best performance, and the fertilizer contribution rate was 10.60%. Compared with the local usual fertilization and conventional fertilization, the yield increased by 1.43% and 1.96%, respectively, and the income increased by 3.56% and 0.60%, respectively. The performance of 60% conventional fertilizer + 40% bio-organic fertilizer + microbial agent was the second, and the fertilizer contribution rate was 10.31%. Compared with the local usual fertilization and conventional fertilization, the yield increased by 1.10% and 1.63%, respectively, and the income increased by 3.28% and 0.35%, respectively. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, it was advisable to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 40%-50% on the basis of the application of bio-organic fertilizer and microbial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Moringa Chhana spread manufacturing technique was standardized on the basis of various parameters and final product was subjected for the sensory, chemical and microbiological qualities. The Colour & Appearance of Moringa Chhana Spread is the most important quality attributes. The colour of Moringa Chhana Spread ranges from light yellow to creamy for cow and creamy white for buffalo milk. It should be free from browning. Moringa Chhana Spread should have smooth and glossy surface. The highest (6.95) colour and appearance score was found in milk sample of A2 (6% Moringa leaves extract) followed by A³ (12% Moringa leaves extract) score (6.76), While minimum score (6.08). The best colour and appearance score (6.62) was observed in case of Moringa Chhana Spread prepared with coagulation temperature at 75°C (B2), while lowest score (6.54) noted with coagulation temperature at 70°C (B1). The highest average score (6.78) was in C4 (0.1% Sorbic acid) samples followed by average score (6.74) was in C1 (0.1 % KMS, Potassium metabisulfite), (6.66), score (6.45) was in C2 (0.1% Calcium Propionate) while minimum score (6.28) was noted in C3 with (0.1 % Sodium benzoate) samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to study ovocidal properties of a microbial agent for composting that has lactobacilli (Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum) and microscopic fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) present as active components for Toxocara cati eggs in vitro experiment.Materials and methods. The tested microbial agent is used for compost preparation and liquid household waste processing. The agent is a homogeneous yellow liquid with a bacterial biomass in titers of 106 -108 CFU/cm3 which is placed in a ten-liter canister. First, a culture of Toxocara cati eggs was prepared, then ovocidal properties of aqueous standard solutions of the test agent were studied in four concentrations, 1.0%; 5.0; 10.0 and 50.0% versus a 4.0% phenol solution in vitro experiment.Results and discussion. The ovocidal effect of the tested aqueous microbiological agent solutions in the above concentrations in vitro experiment on T. cati eggs was not detected. A 4.0% phenol solution used as a reference solution showed high efficacy.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to study the effect of microbial agents on microbial structure of maize rhizosphere soil. The silage maize varieties suitable for planting in Hebei province were selected, seed dressing test group and control group were set up, and rhizosphere soil was collected at different growth periods of silage maize for high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that a total of 706 878 sequences were obtained from 18 soil samples of Doingdan 1331 varieties in three growth stages in the experimental group and control group, which were annotated to 6 751 OTUs, 24 phyla, 57 classes, 75 orders, 160 families, 389 genera and 465 species. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phylums in each treatment group, and the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria was different under different treatment conditions Sphingobium, Microbispora and Gemmatimonas were the dominant bacteria in each treatment group, and the bacterial community structure of each treatment group was different at genus level. Compared with CK, the yield and quality of the experimental group Dongdan 1331 were significantly improved, and soil nutrition and soil microbial community structure were significantly improved. The study indicates that the results of the study can provide reference for the application of seed mixing and cultivation methods of high-yield and high-quality silage maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration trials were conducted in four provinces in the main peanut-producing areas of the Huang-huai-hai plain of China. The results revealed that the application of ARC-BBBE led to a 1.09–1.70 fold increase in the number of nodules in the treatment group at the demonstration site compared to the control group. Moreover, the nodule weight in the treatment group was 0.80–3.32 times higher than that of the control group, and nitrogenase activity per plant showed a significant enhancement by 1.00–2.83 fold compared to controls. Additionally, notable improvements were observed in terms of increased fresh weight of whole plants, well-filled pod numbers, and enhanced growth performance; ultimately resulting in a harvest yield increase ranging from 9.46% to 49.04%.The abundance of Aspergillus flavus in rhizosphere soil was determined by the dilution spread plate method, and the inhibition rate was up to 86.7%. The application of ARC-BBBE in the significant peanut-producing areas of Huang-huai-hai has effects of promoting growth, nodulation, and increasing production. At the same time, it has the effect of inhibiting and controlling soil Aspergillus flavus, which provides a new green and low-carbon way to promote the high-quality development of the peanut industry.

Tartronic acid is known for its potential to inhibit sugar-to-lipid conversion in the human body, leading to weight loss and fat reduction. This compound is predominantly found in cucumbers and other cucurbit crops. Therefore, cultivating cucumbers with high tartronic acid content holds significant health implications. In this study, we assessed the tartronic acid content in 52 cucumber germplasms with favorable overall traits and identified 8 cucumber germplasms with elevated tartronic acid levels. Our investigation into factors influencing cucumber tartronic acid revealed a decrease in content with fruit development from the day of flowering. Furthermore, tartronic acid content was higher in early-harvested fruits compared to late-harvested ones, with the rear part of the fruit exhibiting significantly higher content than other parts. Foliar spraying of microbial agents increased tartronic acid content by 84.4%. This study provides valuable resources for breeding high tartronic acid cucumbers and offers practical insights for optimizing cucumber production practices.

To explore the effects of different microbial agents on soil nutrients and watermelon growth, the watermelon variety "Meidu" was used as the test material, field experiment was used as the test method to study the effects of soil nutrients, watermelon plant biomass, taproot length, fruit yield and quality with application of Bacillus subtilis (T1), Streptomyces roseus (T2), Streptomyces triclosus (T3), Trichoderma harzianum (T4). Bacillus glialis (T4) and no application of inoculants (CK), to provide a theoretical basis for screening out the types of mi- crobial agents suitable for continuous cropping watermelon cultivation. The result showed that different microbial agents could improve soil nutri- ents content, reduce pH value, increase plant biomass and taproot length, increase watermelon yield, and improve watermelon quality to var- ying degrees, but Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces roseus and Streptomyces triceps had limited effects in increasing yield and improving quality. Compared with CK, the yield of Trichoderma harzianum increased by 16.13%,the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and middle soluble sol- ids of Bacillus colloids increased by 22.97%,25.93%,and23.66%.In summary different microbial agents had positive effects on the growth of watermelon, among which Trichoderma harzianum had the most significant yield increase effect, and Bacillus colloidii had the best quality im- provement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, three cold-tolerant phenol-degrading strains, Pseudomonas veronii Ju-A1 (Ju-A1), Leifsonia naganoensis Ju-A4 (Ju-A4), and Rhodococcus qingshengii Ju-A6 (Ju-A6), were isolated. All three strains can produce cis, cis-muconic acid by ortho-cleavage of catechol at 12 ℃. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the proportional composition of low-temperature phenol-degrading microbiota. Degradation of phenol below 160 mg L−1 by low-temperature phenol-degrading microbiota followed first-order degradation kinetics. When the phenol concentration was greater than 200 mg L−1, the overall degradation trend was in accordance with the modified Gompertz model. The experiments showed that the microbial agent (three strains of low-temperature phenol-degrading bacteria were fermented separately and constructed in the optimal ratio) could completely degrade 200 mg L−1 phenol within 36 h. The above construction method is more advantageous in bio-enhanced treatment of actual wastewater. Through the construction of microbial agents to enhance the degradation effect of phenol, it provides a feasible scheme for the biodegradation of phenol wastewater at low temperature and shows good application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the decline disease has seriously damaged the healthy development of Morella rubra industry. In order to develop the effective prevention and control measures, the mixed fertilization experiment was carried out on the Myrica rubra with facility cultivation in winter. The bio-organic fertilizer 20 kg * plant-1 + anti-continuous cropping microbiological preparation 0.2 kg • plant-1 (treatment T) was applied in the dripping line of Myrica rubra. And the conventional fertilization was used as the control group (CK) to determine the related traits of leaves and fruits of Myrica rubra trees in the mature season. The results showed that the mixed fertilization (treatment T) could effectively improve the vegetative growth and fruit quality of weak Myrica rubra. Compared with the control group (CK), the mixed fertilization significantly promoted the growth of shoot length and leaf length of the diseased trees, and increased the chlorophyll content by 62. 60%, 10. 28% and 14. 68%, respectively. At the same time, the mixed fertilization (treatment T) significantly increased the contents of total polysaccharide, vitamin C, total flavonoids and anthocyanins in fruit by 7. 99%, 59. 38%, 4. 46% and 10. 81%, respectively, compared with the control group (CK). In addition, the mixed fertilization (treatment T) inhibited the production of total acid in fruit, which was significantly reduced by 18. 74% compared with the control group (CK). The application of bio-organic fertilizer com¬bined with the anti-continuous cropping microbial agents could promote the vegetative growth of weak Myrica rubra and improve the taste of fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw contains a large amount of lignocellulose which is difficult to be decomposed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and microbial agents on the decomposition of rice straw. The experimental detail consisted of NaOH (control and NaOH solution pretreatment) and microbial agent (Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Trichoderma viride agent, and no microbial agent) treatments. Compared with no NaOH pretreatment, the pH of NaOH pretreatment increased by 6.30–18.28%, while the electrical conductivity decreased by 49.18%, but the change in total nutrient content was not obvious. Under no NaOH pretreatment, Bacillus subtilis agent improved the temperature of the rice straw decomposition. Compared with Bacillus licheniformis agent and Trichoderma viride agent, Bacillus subtilis agent increased the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in rice straw by 1.39–10.30%. The organic carbon content was reduced by 3.50% and 17.15%. The germination index was greater than 80%. Under NaOH pretreatment, the pile with Bacillus subtilis agent reached the maximum temperature (39.5 °C) on the 12th day. Compared with Bacillus licheniformis agent and Trichoderma viride agent, Bacillus subtilis agent increased the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in rice straw by 1.64–11.87%. The humus polymerization, organic carbon, and carbon/nitrogen ratio were reduced by 6.40–44.06%. In addition, gray analysis, principal component analysis, and comprehensive evaluation were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of straw decomposition. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis agent under NaOH pretreatment and no NaOH pretreatment had the most obvious effect on rice straw composting. This study provides a scientific basis for efficient decomposition of rice straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strains IMID-4 and IMID-7 were isolated from soil, which could effectively reduce and detoxify imidacloprid. They were identified as Bacillus albusIMID-4 and Bacillus toyonensis IMID-7 based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Both IMID-4 and IMID-7 could also effectively degrade some other neonicotinoid pesticides. In addition, rhamnolipid and T. aestivumrhizosphere soil have been proved to promote the biodegradation of imidacloprid. Two strains have been successfully developed into a microbial agent. The new microbial agent could be used to degrade imidacloprid in soil, and have achieved many satisfactory results. The degradation efficiency of imidacloprid (100 mg/kg) by the microbial agent could reach about 90% after 6 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are being used in diets to improve the quality of chicken meat. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 microbial agent on the meat quality, amino acids, and volatile compounds of chicken. The experiment was carried out with 160 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens, rearing for 42 d. The chickens were randomly divided into two groups of 8 replicates each, with 10 chickens in each group. No supplement was added to the basal diet in the control group and Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 microbial agent was added to the diet of the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, the meat quality, meat chemical composition, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of chicken were determined. The results showed that pH (p < 0.05), pressing loss (p < 0.05), cooking loss (p < 0.05), and shear force (p < 0.01) were notably decreased, the percentage of breast meat (p < 0.01), protein content (p < 0.05) were visibly increased, and remarkable changes were observed in the amino acid composition (change in seven amino acids) and volatile compounds profile (an increase of about 20-fold in the contents of 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal). In summary, it was found that Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 microbial agent can be used as a novel and effective feed supplement to improve the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum) and microbial agents are often used for the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil; however, no studies to date have examined the efficacy of using various microbial agents for enhancing the remediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soil by S. nigrum. Here, we conducted greenhouse pot experiments to evaluate the efficacy of applying Bacillus megaterium (BM) along with citric acid (BM + CA), Glomus mosseae (BM + GM), and Piriformospora indica (BM + PI) on the ability of S. nigrum to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. The results showed that BM + GM significantly increased the Cd accumulation of each pot of S. nigrum by 104% compared with the control. Application of microbial agents changed the soil microbial communities. Redundancy analysis showed that the activities of Catalase (CAT) and urease (UE), soil organic matter, available N and total Cd were the main influencing factors. By constructing the microbial cooccurrence networks, the soil microbe was divided into four main Modules. BM + GM and BM + PI significantly increased the relative abundance of Module#1 and Module#3, respectively, when compared with the control. Additionally, Module#1 showed a significant positive correlation with translocation factor (TF), which could be regarded as the key microbial taxa. Further research found that Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria within Module#1 were also significantly correlated with TF, and these key species enriched in BM + GM. Overall, our findings indicate that the BM + GM treatment was the most effective for the remediation of Cd pollution. This treatment method may further affect the rhizosphere microbial community by affecting soil indicators, which might drive the formation of Module#1, thus greatly enhancing the Cd remediation capacity of S. nigrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present study aimed to control the occurrence and epidemic of clubroot disease of cruciferous crops, and to explore the effective green prevention and control measures of clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage.【Method】 In the study, the vegetable filed with serious clubroot disease of cabbage in Xiangyun county, Dali city, Yunnan province was selected as the experimental site, and the field experiment was carried out with the combined application of biochar and microbial agent. Eight experimental treatments including control treatment (CK), biochar 30 t/hm² (BC), Trichoderma harzianum 15 kg/hm² (HZ), Bacillus subtilis 15 kg/hm² (SE), biochar 30 t/hm²+ T.harzianum 15 kg/hm² (BH), biochar 30 t/hm²+ B.subtilis 15 kg/hm² (BS), T.harzianum 15 kg/hm² + B.subtilis 15 kg/hm² (HS), biochar 30 t/hm²+ T.harzianum 15 kg/hm² + B.subtilis 15 kg/hm² (BHS) were set up. The control effect of microbial agent combined with biochar on the clubroot disease, and yield of Chinese cabbage and the changes of physical and chemical properties of soil in root zone were studied under field conditions. Moreover, the growth promotion effect of biochar combined with microbial agent on Chinese cabbage under field conditions and the control effect of soil-borne diseases such as cabbage root disease were analyzed.【Result】Single or combined application of biochar and microbial agents could reduce the incidence of clubroot disease and increase the yield of Chinese cabbage, meanwhile it could also improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and the effect of combined application was significantly higher than that of single application, and the incidence was negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium. The average control effect of two stubble of treatment BHS, BH and BS reached 73.84%, 51.34% and 45.84%, respectively. The biological and economic yield of Chinese cabbage treated with biochar and microbial agents increased significantly, which increased by 31.75%~102.18% compared with the yield of control. 【Conclusion】 The application of biochar combined B.subtilis and T.harzianum with has a good effect on inhibiting the clubroot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strain SIM-E3, capable of efficiently degrading simetryn was isolated from soil. SIM-E3 was identified as Bacillus australimaris based on 16S rRNA and the analysis of morphology as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics. The optimal pH value and temperature for strain SIM-E3 to growwere 7.0 and 35°C, respectively. The degradation efficiency of simetryn (300 mg/L) by strain SIM-E3 could reach 72.5% in 3 days. Strain SIM-E3 also had a high tolerance to simetryn and could tolerate at least 1500 mg/L of simetryn. In addition, strain SIM-E3 had been successfully developed into a microbial agent that was easy to commercialize and could be used to treat simetryn residues in soil. It was believed that strain SIM-E3 could be used to control simetryn pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to increase the viable count and spore rate of microbial agent of Bacillus licheniformis. Single factor experiment, Plackett-Burman experiment and response surface methodology were used to investigate the optimal fermentation medium and conditions for the strain. The result showed that the optimal medium components for spore production of the strain were as follows: Corn starch 30 g/L, yeast powder 25 g/L, K2HPO4 2 g/L, KH2PO4 1 g/L, ZnSO4 0.1 g/L, MnSO4 2 mg/L, CuSO4 2 mg/L, Na2MoO4 1 mg/L. Fermentation conditions were as follows: Seed culture for 14 h, inoculation amount 6%, the fermentation time for 48 h. After optimization, the number of viable bacteria in fermentation broth was 1.62×1010 CFU/mL, the spore production rate was 70%, and the strain's lyophilized powder viable count was 7.85×1010 CFU/g. The study indicates that the sporulation rate of B. licheniformis was increased by 13 times after the optimization of fermentation conditions, which had certain application value for the preparation of high viable bacterial count bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alfalfa has small seeds and is intolerant to deep-sowing. We investigated seed emergence of alfalfa variety “Longmu 801” from deep-sowing and its quality improvement through different bio-fertilizer treatments. Methods: Seven fertilization treatments were tested: CK: no fertilization (control), A: amino acid fertilizer, B: amino acid fertilizer + selenium-rich yeast fertilizer diluent, C: amino acid fertilizer + selenium-rich yeast fertilizer dilution + microbial agent, D: amino acid fertilizer + algae extract, E: amino acid fertilizer + microbial agent and F: amino acid fertilizer + selenium-rich yeast fertilizer diluent + microbial agent + algae extract. Result: The bio-fertilizer treatments improved the alfalfa seedling emergence, growth and quality. Treatment E increased the emergence rate, plant height and yield by 10.6%, 41.0% and 68.9%, respectively; decreased the stem-leaf ratio, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber by 41.7%, 3.7% and 3.17%, respectively and increased crude protein, crude fat and relative feeding value by 2.5%, 0.5% and 8.6%, respectively; compared with that of the control. Soaking alfalfa seeds in 0.2% amino acid fertilizer and applying 13.5 g microbial agent was suggested as the most efficient fertilization technique to promote alfalfa emergence, growth and quality and provide profits to farmers due to its low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strain DSP-MZ6, capable of efficiently degrading chlorpyrifos was isolated from soil. DSPMZ6 was identified as Bacillus clausii based on 16S rRNA and the analysis of morphology as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics. The optimal pH value and temperature for strain DSPMZ6 to grow were 7.5 and 35°C, respectively. The degradation efficiency of chlorpyrifos (50 mg/L) by strain DSP-MZ6 could reach 71.6% in 3 days. Strain DSP-MZ6 also had a high tolerance to chlorpyrifos and could tolerate at least 800 mg/L of chlorpyrifos. In addition, strain DSP-MZ6 had been successfully developed into a biochar-based microbial agent that was easy to commercialize and could be used to treat organophosphorus pesticides residues in soil. It was believed that strain DSP-MZ6 could be used to control chlorpyrifos or some other organophosphorus pesticides pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objectives: As an extensively used tree species in landscaping and afforestation in China, lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana Zucc.) seedlings are in high demand. However, the small number of fine roots and the low growth rate of lacebark pine seedlings increase the risks encountered during transplant and extend the nursery time for outplanting. We aimed to find out whether a microbial inoculant would promote root growth and accordingly, shorten the nursery cultivation time. Materials and Methods: One-year-old lacebark pine seedlings were treated with the inoculant Bacillus subtilis 8–32 six times from June to September. At each application time, five treatments of undiluted microbial inoculants (UM), 30 times diluted microbial inoculants (30 DM), 40 times diluted microbial inoculants (40 DM), 50 times diluted microbial inoculants (50 DM), and distilled water as a control (CTRL) were administered to the seedlings. In the end, all the seedlings were harvested to measure the root growth, aboveground growth, and the physiological indices. Results: Root and stem growth was enhanced by the inoculants in terms of the increased number of root tips, the length and surface area of the roots, the biomass of the roots and stems, as well as the increase in height and basal stem diameter. The chlorophyll a/b of the needles was increased, in spite of the fact that the total chlorophyll content was decreased by the microbial inoculant treatments at the end of the growth phase. Meanwhile, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the needles was increased by the inoculant treatments. The soluble sugar content was additionally translocated into the stems in the UM treatment, suggesting the change in carbon allocation. The content of available potassium, phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen in the potting soil was increased in the 30 DM group, and the content of soil organic matter was increased in all the inoculant treatments. Conclusions: The microbial inoculant Bacillus subtilis 8–32, in appropriate concentrations, could be applied to promote root and shoot growth and improve the seedling quality of the lacebark pine during cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, six strains of microbial agents were investigated as environmently friendly scale and corrosion inhibitors for industrial cooling water applications. The static jar tests along with characterization methods were applied to evaluate the scale inhibition performance. Results showed that under a concentration of 240 mg/L, the nitrobacteria, denitrobacteria and Lactobacillus agents reached high CaCO3 scale inhibition efficiencies of 83, 82, and 86% respectively. Characterization methods indicated the deposited crystals morphologies were modified and the crystals peak intensities were lowered. In addition, weight loss measurements, electrochemical measurements, surface characterization analyses were conducted to study the corrosion inhibition performances and mechanisms. It was found that at 40 °C, Bacillus cereus agent with 200 mg/L possessed the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 60.11% at 3 d, together with the second-lowest current density of 13.0 μA cm−2 at 12 d. The corrosion inhibition mechanisms were attributed to biofilm accumulation and biomineralization on Q235 CS surfaces to form protective film. The results suggested microbial agents have promising potential as environmently friendly scale and corrosion inhibitors for industrial cooling water applications. HIGHLIGHTS The feasibility of microbial agents using as scale and corrosion inhibitors was confirmed.; The CaCO3 scale inhibition efficiency of Lactobacillus agent after 24 h activation reached 87.60%.; Bacillus cereus agent displayed superior corrosion inhibition performance with a first accelerated, then inhibited, finally accelerated corrosion process.; The scale and corrosion inhibition effect closely related to microbial metabolism.;

Fungal plant diseases can severely damage oil palm crops and compromise agricultural yields. To ensure a high crop yield while keeping the fungal pathogens at bay, microbial control to combat such diseases offers a more sustainable alternative to chemical control. It is safer to replace chemical fungicides with eco-friendly bio formulations containing living fungi or bacteria and their products to manage fungal infestations on plants, especially oil palm. This is because natural antagonistic microorganisms/substances form components of biofungicides and protect plants by various modes of action such as hyperparasitism, antibiosis and/or by induction of systemic resistance. Microbial agents’ application in managing fungal plant diseases, especially oil palm crop diseases, promises a safer and sustainable agricultural system to control fungal phytopathogens while ecologically less polluting. This article briefly describes the different bioformulations and the mechanism of action of microbial agents to manage fungal phytopathogens of crops, especially in oil palm. A summary of various merits and demerits of biofungicides over synthetic ones and the future outlooks are also highlighted. Bio-based microbial agents for controlling fungal phytopathogens, especially in oil palm plants, appear to be a promising fungal pest management approach considering the growing need for sustainable practices in the agronomic sector.

Abstract Background Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible mushroom popularly cultivated worldwide. Distilled grain waste (DGW) is a potential substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation. However, components in DGW restrict P. ostreatus mycelial growth. Therefore, a cost-effective approach to facilitate rapid P. ostreatus colonization on DGW substrate will benefit P. ostreatus cultivation and DGW recycling. Results Five dominant indigenous bacteria, Sphingobacterium sp. X1, Ureibacillus sp. X2, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. X3, Geobacillus sp. X4, and Aeribacillus sp. X5, were isolated from DGW and selected to develop a consortium-based microbial agent to compost DGW for P. ostreatus cultivation. Microbial agent inoculation led to faster carbohydrate metabolism, a higher temperature (73.2 vs. 71.2 °C), a longer thermophilic phase (5 vs. 3 days), and significant dynamic changes in microbial community composition and diversity in composts than those of the controls. Metagenomic analysis showed the enhanced microbial metabolisms, such as xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and terpenoid and polyketide metabolism, during the mesophilic phase after microbial agent inoculation, which may facilitate the fungal colonization on the substrate. In accordance with the bioinformatic analysis, a faster colonization of P. ostreatus was observed in the composts with microbial inoculation than in control after composting for 48 h, as indicated from substantially higher fungal ergosterol content, faster lignocellulose degradation, and higher lignocellulase activities in the former than in the latter. The final mushroom yield shared no significant difference between composts with microbial inoculation and control, with 0.67 ± 0.05 and 0.60 ± 0.04 kg fresh mushroom/kg DGW, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion The consortium-based microbial agent comprised indigenous microorganisms showing application potential in composting DGW for providing substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation and will provide an alternative to facilitate DGW recycling.

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crop replanting leads to soil degradation and soil productivity reduction, which is a challenge for sustainable agricultural development. We previously found that silicon fertilizers combined with additional microbial agents are an effective means to alleviate problems that occur in a variety of Chinese lily during replanting, but little is known about the changes in microbial structure during this process. In the present study, we applied four treatments: CK (control), SF (silicon fertilizer), MF (microbial agents), and SMF (combination of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents). We treated the soil constantly for three years and investigated the bacterial community structure and some specific microbial groups in the soil of the lily root zone using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. The results showed that silicon fertilizer and microbial agent treatment significantly improved the growth status of the plants and changed the diversity and structure of the bacterial community in the soil. The genus Pseudomonas significantly increased in the SF treatment, and the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Nordella, Devosia, and Rhodoplanes significantly increased in the SMF treatment. The genera Nordella, Pedomicrobium, and Chthoniobacter correlated with the seedling index or available silicon content. In addition, the two genera Gaiella and Nocardioides were the key species linking the bacterial community in the soil. The soil physicochemical properties played an important role in restoring the soil bacterial community structures. In conclusion, silicon fertilizer and microbial agents changed the diversity and structure of the bacterial community. Under the fertilizer supplement model, the enrichment of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Pseudomonas played an important role in improving soil health and alleviating CRPs in lilies. In addition, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and available silicon were found to be the most important factors that have a great impact on the restoration of bacterial community structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Because of various problems in the differential diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), clinicians may ignore these opportunistic bacteria. DNA is usually extracted from the bacterial culture in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular methods, which have been successfully applied in recent years in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary mycobacterial infections such as mycobacterial keratitis, as well as in mycobacterial identification and drug resistance determination in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Considering the difficulties experienced in culture, especially in mycobacteria, it is thought that DNA extraction not only from culture but also directly from clinical samples will shed light on the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic protocols. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence of mycobacteria along with microbial agents in corneal scraping samples of patients with keratitis. Methods: Corneal scraping samples were collected for bacteriological and mycological examinations from 43 patients diagnosed with keratitis at Balcalı Hospital of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine between September 2016 and April 2017. In addition to routine bacterial and fungal cultures, in mycobacteriological examination, samples were inoculated in Löwenstein- Jensen (LJ) and Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 liquid system, and direct preparations were stained with the Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen (EZN) method and examined microscopically. The existence of mycobacteria was also investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing using specific primers targeting the hsp65 gene region after DNA extraction directly from corneal scraping samples. Results: No mycobacterial colonization could be detected in any of the corneal scraping samples as a result of mycobacteriological examination performed by both phenotypic and molecular methods. It was determined that various bacteria, except mycobacteria, were isolated from 39.5% of the 43 patients with keratitis evaluated, this rate was 47.1% in women and 34.66% in men. It was determined that the most frequently isolated bacterial agent was Staphylococcus epidermidis (23.3%), and the mixed colonization rate was 16.3%. Although there was no relationship between the results of bacteriological and pathological examinations and the diagnosis groups, gender, and age, it was statistically significant that additional eye disease accompanying keratitis was seen at older ages (p=0.036). Conclusion: Although no mycobacteria were detected in our study, it is the first study in which mycobacteria were investigated by a molecular method in direct corneal scraping samples. It was concluded that early and accurate diagnosis of overlooked mycobacterial cases would enable rapid drug resistance detection and treatment strategies to be planned more rationally, in the light of studies to be conducted with larger populations. In particular, the treatment of almost all keratitis cases (95%) with fluoroquinolones and/or amikacin, which are the most important therapeutic options for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and TDM infections, suggests that mycobacterial colonization and infectivity may be temporarily suppressed. However, this may result in our exposure to infections caused by mycobacteria resistant to these drugs in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the effects of microbial agents combined with urea on reactive gaseous nitrogen（N2O and NH3） emissions and vegetable yield, a field experiment was designed to simultaneously measure N2O and NH3 fluxes using the static opaque chamber-gas chromatograph and ventilation chamber-ammonia capture method, respectively.Three following field treatments were set up including control（CK）,urea（U）,and urea combined with microbial agents（EM）.The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the U treatment increased vegetable yield as well as reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions, though the increase trends were not significant.However, the combination of microbial agents with urea markedly enhanced both the vegetable yield and reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions（P<0.05）,specifically, the vegetable yield, cumulative N2O emission, cumulative NH3 emission, reactive gaseous nitrogen emission and emission intensity were significantly increased by 22.28%,103.46%,45.07%,92.80% and 57.14%,respectively.It can be concluded that, besides the economic benefits by increasing vegetable yield, the enhancement of reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions and the resulting environmental losses need to be carefully evaluated for application of microbial agents in vegetable fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Lacking systematic evaluations in soil quality and microbial community recovery after different amendments addition limits optimization of amendments combination in coal mine soils. We performed a short‐term incubation experiment with a varying temperature over 12 weeks to assess the effects of three amendments (biochar: C; nitrogen fertilizer at three levels: N‐N1~N3; microbial agent at two levels: M‐M1~M2) based on C/N ratio (regulated by biochar and N level: 35:1, 25:1, 12.5:1) on mine soil properties and microbial community in the Qilian Mountains, China. Over the incubation period, soil pH and MBC/MBN were significantly lower than unamended treatment in N addition and C + M + N treatments, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nitrogen (MBN) contents increased significantly in all amended treatments (p 1%) of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and decreased the relative abundance of fungal phyla Chytridiomycota (p

The strain DIAZ-5, capable of efficiently degrading diazinon was isolated from soil. DIAZ-5 was identified as Bacillus alcalophilus based on 16S rRNA and the analysis of morphology as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics. The optimal pH value and temperature for strain DIAZ-5 to grow were pH8.0-9.0 and 35°C, respectively. The degradation efficiency of diazinon (50 mg/L) by strain DIAZ-5 could reach 71.0% in 3 days. Strain DIAZ-5 also had a high tolerance to diazinon and could tolerate at least 1000 mg/L of diazinon. In addition, strain DIAZ-5 had been successfully developed into a microbial agent that could be used to treat diazinon residues in soil. It was believed that strain DIAZ-5 could be used to control diazinon pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Microbial agents increased the size and quality of saffron cormels. • Microbial agents affected flowering rate and stigma yield. • Paenibacillus mucilaginosus increased the accumulation of crocin and picrocrocin in stigmas. • Microbial agents increased the soil nutrient and affected the soil microbial community structure. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a bulbous flower whose dried stigmas are used as a herbal medicine and as a spice. Saffron is cultivated worldwide, but corm degradation is an important factor affecting its yield and quantity. This study investigated the effects of three different microbial agents (Bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) on the growth and quality of saffron cormels. Both the weight and circumference of the cormels were significantly increased in response to microbial agent treatment. Measurements of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the cormels as well as the flowering traits showed that the starch and protein contents as well as the flowering rate and stigma yield increased significantly after the application of the three microbial agents. Analyses of soil physicochemical properties and microbial populations revealed increases in the soil potassium content and a significant alteration in the soil microbial community structure in response to treatment. Our results showed that the application of three microbial agents enhances the growth, nutritional status and health of saffron cormels and improves the soil environment during saffron corm cultivation. Paenibacillus mucilaginosus also increased the accumulation of crocins and picrocrocin in stigmas. Our results provide the theoretical and practical knowledge needed to reduce corm degradation and to improve saffron corm cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw contains a large amount of lignocellulose which is difficult to be decomposed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and microbial agents on the decomposition of rice straw. The experimental detail consisted of NaOH (control and NaOH solution pretreatment) and microbial agent (Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Trichoderma viride agent, and no microbial agent) treatments. Compared with no NaOH pretreatment, the pH of NaOH pretreatment increased by 6.30–18.28%, while the electrical conductivity decreased by 49.18%, but the change in total nutrient content was not obvious. Under no NaOH pretreatment, Bacillus subtilis agent improved the temperature of the rice straw decomposition. Compared with Bacillus licheniformis agent and Trichoderma viride agent, Bacillus subtilis agent increased the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in rice straw by 1.39–10.30%. The organic carbon content was reduced by 3.50% and 17.15%. The germination index was greater than 80%. Under NaOH pretreatment, the pile with Bacillus subtilis agent reached the maximum temperature (39.5 °C) on the 12th day. Compared with Bacillus licheniformis agent and Trichoderma viride agent, Bacillus subtilis agent increased the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in rice straw by 1.64–11.87%. The humus polymerization, organic carbon, and carbon/nitrogen ratio were reduced by 6.40–44.06%. In addition, gray analysis, principal component analysis, and comprehensive evaluation were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of straw decomposition. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis agent under NaOH pretreatment and no NaOH pretreatment had the most obvious effect on rice straw composting. This study provides a scientific basis for efficient decomposition of rice straw.