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We investigated the role of dynamic shock waves in perovskite SrTiO3 (STO) material. XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, FTIR, UV-DRS, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy were all used to examine the title material. When perovskite sample was loaded with shocks, its diffraction pattern did not show any crystal structure changes. The FE-SEM results suggest that the grain size increased linearly with the number of shocks. We used energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to perform elemental analysis; results confirmed that SrTiO3 NPs were indeed present. Although the impulse of the shock wave changed the optical characteristics, it did not affect the molecular structure. To find the optical band gap energies of untreated and shocked NPs, Tauc plot relationships were used. The band-gap energies got smaller as the shock pulse became more substantial. The impact of shock waves caused oxygen vacancies and surface defects, lowering band gap energy. The test for photocatalytic testing showed that SrTiO3 NPs that are loaded with shock waves worked much better when they were exposed to visible light. The characteristics, including stress, strain, and bond length, were found to significantly influence photocatalytic applications. In addition, attempts were made to provide a viewpoint for future study. Overall, the objective of this research was to provide valuable insights for experts engaged in the field of SrTiO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three‐phase composites were made by combining N220 carbon black rubber powder with open‐cell aluminum foam and epoxy resin with mass fractions of 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %, respectively. The mechanical and energy absorption properties of three groups of epoxy resin/rubber powder/aluminum foam three‐phase composites with added aluminum foam and different mass fractions of N220 carbon black rubber powder were analyzed during quasi‐static compression at a compression rate of 2 mm/minute. The mechanical parameters in the quasi‐static compression experiments were compared with those of the two‐phase composites of epoxy resin/rubber powder with no added aluminum foam. Finally, the micro‐morphology of the composites after quasi‐static compression damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the collapse deformation of aluminum foam during compression affects the stability of the epoxy resin/rubber powder composite matrix and reduces the toughness of the epoxy resin/rubber powder composite matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of superfine composite admixture on the mechanical properties,volume stability and pore structure of cement-based cementing materials was studied by simulating the high ground temperature environment at high altitude in the laboratory. The optimal dosage of superfine composite admixture at different temperatures was summarized and analyzed. The reaction mechanism of superfine composite admixture in cementing system at optimal yield was analyzed by combining microscopic means. The results show that the addition of superfine composite admixture can improve the mechanical properties of cement-based ce menting materials. With the extension of curing age,the compressive strength of the optimal admixture can be increased by 10%- 21%,and the strength increases slowly at high temperature. The shrinkage rate of the superfine composite admixture system is bet ter than that of the pure cement system,and can keep the system stable under proper high temperature environment,but the volume shrinkage rate of the system will increase when the curing temperature is 80 . The superfine composite admixture can reduce the average pore size of the system,improve the compactness,and generate more hydrated products such as ettringite and hydrated calci um silicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phosphogypsum (PG) is simulated by doping fluorine and phosphorus ions in an analytically pure reagent of gypsum dihydrate. The influence of fluorine and phosphorus impurity and content on the dehydration reaction process of phosphogypsum and its crystalline micromorphology is assessed during the preparation of α‐type gypsum hemihydrate in the reversed‐phase microemulsion system and its mechanism. The results show that when the fluorine content increases from 0 to 1.0 mol L−1 (ωNaF = 1.0 mol L−1), the dehydration process of dihydrate gypsum will be greatly slowed down. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that even a small amount of F− (ωNaF = 0.2 mol L−1) can significantly inhibit the formation of α‐type hemi‐hydrated gypsum. When ωH3PO4 = 0.10 mol L−1, the water of crystallization content in the solid phase of the sample decreased to 5.24% after 90 min, which is significantly lower than during the same period of the benchmark group. However, there is a threshold value for the effect of phosphorus on the microscopic morphology of the α‐type gypsum hemihydrate crystals, when ωH3PO4 ≤ 0.04 mol L−1, the crystal morphology is basically unaffected. Moreover, when ωH3PO4 continued to increase, the defects on the crystal surface increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The load-bearing capacity of a building is influenced by the strength of the concrete. However, when faced with complex environments, ordinary concrete is not always adequate. The strength of concrete can be enhanced by incorporating additives into it. At this point, the study of adding basalt fiber (BF) and nano-SiO2 (NS) to concrete is pretty advanced. Still, research on the incorporation of nano-TiC (NT) into concrete is limited. In order to study the effect of NT, BF, and NS on the strength of concrete, in this paper, these materials were incorporated into concrete and NSF concrete was made by semi-dry mixing. And the concrete was analyzed for slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. The optimization of the mechanical characteristics of concrete was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM), and the microstructure of concrete was used for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To develop a thirst function optimization model based on NSF concrete, parallel experiments were used to verify the accuracy of the optimization results. The research findings show that NS, NT, and BF reduced the slump of concrete. Adding NT, NS, and BF in moderate amounts can enhance the mechanical characteristics of the concrete. The material's optimal proportions for mixing were 0.85% for NT, 0.11% for BF, and 1.94% for NS. The optimized concrete has a maximum error of 9.03% in compressive strength, 9.30% in split tensile strength, and 9.82% in flexural strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 pre-injection fracturing is a promising technology for shale reservoirs development, with multiple advantages for improving the complexity of fractures, the production of crude oil, and the sequestration of CO2. Previous research mostly focused on the CO2 effect on macroscopic mechanical properties of shale. However, there are many phenomena closely related to shale micro mechanical behavior. Therefore, this study presents a systematic investigation into the effects of CO2 on both macro and micro mechanical properties, as well as pore-fracture structures during CO2 pre-injection fracturing in shale reservoirs. The results show that CO2 can significantly decrease the tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus of shale. With the increasing CO2 treatment time, the macro mechanical properties of shale decrease gradually. The microscopic experiments show that this significant decrease may be due to two mechanisms. The first is the significant decrease in the micro-mechanical properties of shale. The results of indentation analysis show that the microscopic elastic modulus and hardness of shale decrease by 51.3% and 63.3% after CO2 treatment. The second is the changes of the original shale framework. Pore-fractures structure analysis showed that after CO2 treatment, a large number of dissolution pores are generated in the shale matrix. Meanwhile, there are propagation of original fractures and opening of structural weak planes, which lead to the form of new fractures. Under the action of these two mechanisms, the macro mechanical strength of shale is reduced significantly. Therefore, in the field application, proper soaking following CO2 injection could lead to a significant overall reduction in mechanical strength, potentially lowering formation breakdown pressure, easing the requirements for treatment equipment, and enhancing fracturing effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a hybrid process method based on Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication and Ultrasonic Rolling Strengthening Process (CMQL-URSP) to improve the surface integrity and enhance the mechanical properties of blade surface. First, the principle of the CMQL-URSP hybrid process was described. Second, the TEM experiments were conducted to clarify the influence of the CMQL-URSP hybrid process on aircraft engine blades. Finally, the blade processing experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CMQL-URSP hybrid process on the blade surface micro-morphology, micro-hardness and residual stress. The results indicate that the CMQL-URSP hybrid process effectively overcomes the limitations inherent to the solitary application of URSP. The CMQL process inhibits work hardening, thereby allowing the URSP to achieve better low-plastic surface improvement. Grain refinement governed by the continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism leads to the formation of nanocrystals, which significantly improves mechanical properties of blade surface. The CMQL-URSP hybrid process results in a reduction in surface roughness from Ra 2.644 μm to Ra 0.055 μm, an increase in surface residual compressive stress from 321 MPa to 657 MPa, and the formation of a reinforced layer with a depth of 3.7 mm on the blade, thereby enhancing the surface integrity of the blade.

The use of warm-mix recycling technology can reduce the mixing temperature and the secondary aging of binders in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), which is one of the effective ways to recycle high-content RAP. In this study, the penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity were used to characterize the conventional physical properties of aged asphalt after regenerating, while a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), force ductility tester (FDT), and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to evaluate the rheological performance and micro-morphology of aged asphalt incorporating a new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator (BWR) and a commercial warm-mix rejuvenator (ZJ-WR). The regeneration mechanism of warm-mix rejuvenators on aged asphalt was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator can restore the conventional physical properties, low-temperature performance, and micro-morphology of aged asphalt with an appropriate dosage, but it has a negative effect on high-temperature performance. In comparison with 2D area parameters, 3D roughness parameters were more accurate in evaluating the variation in micro-morphology of aged asphalt after regeneration. The FTIR analysis results indicate that both the new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator and the commercial warm-mix rejuvenator regenerate aged asphalt by physical action, and AS=O and AC-H values are more reasonable than the AC=O value for the restoration evaluation of aged asphalt. And the new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator has a better regeneration effect on the performance and micro-morphology of aged asphalt than the commercial warm-mix rejuvenator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study introduced a new ultrasonic vibration–assisted short electric arc machining method to improve the machining quality of workpieces. This method mitigated abnormal discharge phenomena such as short circuits, partial discharge, and secondary discharge caused by particle bridges formed between electrodes and workpieces owing to ineffective chip removal in conventional short electric arc machining. After both standard short electric arc and composite processing, the macroscopic characteristics and microscopic morphology of the workpiece were compared through experiments. Moreover, the surface morphology, roughness, and elemental energy spectrum of the workpiece were examined and analyzed through ultra-depth-of-field microscopy, electron scanning, and other methods. The results revealed changes in the surface morphology of the workpiece after the integration of a short electric arc machining and ultrasonic vibration. With the introduction of ultrasonic vibration, the workpiece surface exhibited disorder and uniformity, along with a significant reduction in the number of electrical corrosion pits and surface microcracks. Consequently, the thickness of the recast layer decreased by half, and the surface roughness decreased by over 16%, achieving a maximum reduction of more than twice the original state. Additionally, the surface elements of the material were modified. This study introduces a new method for advancing short electric arc technology to improve processing quality, material modification, and technological coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisms that have repeatedly evolved similar morphologies owing to the same selective pressures provide excellent cases in which to examine specific morphological changes and their relevance to the ecology and evolution of taxa. Hosts of permanent parasites act as an independent evolutionary experiment, as parasites on these hosts are thought to be undergoing similar selective pressures. Parasitic feather lice have repeatedly diversified into convergent ecomorphs in different microhabitats on their avian hosts. We quantified specific morphological characters to determine (i) which traits are associated with each ecomorph, (ii) the quantitative differences between these ecomorphs, and (iii) if there is evidence of displacement among co-occurring lice as might be expected under louse–louse competition on the host. We used nano-computed tomography scan data of 89 specimens, belonging to four repeatedly evolved ecomorphs, to examine their mandibular muscle volume, limb length and three-dimensional head shape data. Here, we find evidence that lice repeatedly evolve similar morphologies as a mechanism to escape host defences, but also diverge into different ecomorphs related to the way they escape these defences. Lice that co-occur with other genera on a host exhibit greater morphological divergence, indicating a potential role of competition in evolutionary divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, 1060 aluminum alloy is widely applied in the electronics industry, construction, the aerospace field, traffic engineering, decorations, and the consumer goods market for its good chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In general, excellent processing property is necessary and important for the manufacturing of complicated panels. In this paper, a special 2D ultrasonic vibration incremental forming method is designed to improve its plasticity and mechanical properties. Three kind of processing methods, including traditional single-point incremental forming, longitudinal ultrasonic vibration incremental forming, and 2D ultrasonic vibration incremental forming, are used for the flexible manufacturing of cones and cylindrical cups of 1060 aluminum alloy sheet. Then, micro-hardness tests, residual stress tests, and scanning electron microscopy tests are carried out to probe the changes in micro-structure and mechanical properties and to analyze the effects of different types of ultrasonic vibration on the plasticity and fracture characteristic of 1060 aluminum alloy. It is proven that 2D ultrasonic vibration facilitates the improvement of plasticity and surface qualities of 1060 aluminum alloy better than the other two processing methods. Therefore, the novel 2D ultrasonic vibration incremental forming process possesses substantial application value for the flexible and rapid manufacturing of complicated thin-walled component of aluminum alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atraphaxis pyrifolia is a native species of Central Asia, known for curing several disorders. The species has little knowledges about its chemical composition and any information about its morphological characteristics despite its importance in traditional Asian medicine. This is one of the first approaches to the phytochemical and morphological characterization of this species. Micro-morphology was performed on the stem, and leaf parts of this plant to profile the morpho-anatomical characters using brightfield, fluorescence, polarized and scanning electron microscopy. Leaves were extracted with hexane and methanol. The hexane extract was analyzed using GC-MS analysis revealing the major presence of γ-sitosterol and nonacosane. The methanolic extract was submitted to Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Sephadex LH-20. HPTLC, HR-ESI-MS and NMR techniques were used to identify the main compounds. Four glycosylated flavonoids were isolated: 8-O-acetyl-7-O-methyl-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylgossypetin (Compound 1), and 7-O-methyl-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylgossypetin (Compound 3), and two other compounds reported for the first time in the literature (Compounds 2 and 4). The findings presented herein furnish pertinent information essential for the identification and authentication of this medicinal plant. Such insights are invaluable for facilitating robust quality control measures and serve as a foundational framework for subsequent endeavours in metabolic, pharmacological, and taxonomical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the resourceful, large-scale and high-value utilization of bulk industrial solid wastes such as flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag (GGBS), and to reduce the dosage of cementitious materials, orthogonal experimental methods were used to prepare composite cementitious materials based on the principle of synergistic coupling and reconstruction of multi-solid wastes. Through the method of extreme difference and ANOVA, the influence law of different factor levels on the performance of the cementitious materials was studied, and the maximum compressive strength of cementitious materials was reached when the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) dosage was 20%, the FGDG dosage was 56%, the FA dosage was 19.2% and the slag dosage was 4.8%, and the W/B was 0.55. The hydration products and microscopic morphology of the cementitious materials were analyzed by means of XRD, SEM and MIP techniques, so as to elucidate the complex synergistic hydration mechanism, and then to determine the more optimal group distribution ratio. The results show that the hydration reaction between FGDG and OPC can be synergistic with each other, and C-A-H further generates AFt under the action of SO42−, and at the same time, it plays the role of alkali-salt joint excitation for FA–GGBS, generates a large amount of cementitious materials, fills up the pores of the gypsum crystal structure, and forms a dense microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the micro-morphological and proximate analysis of sour sop (Annona muricata L. of Annonaceae), harvested from a tertiary institution campus in the Niger Delta Region. It is a perennial small tree commonly known as sour sop. Plant sample was collected fresh within the University of Port Harcourt Campus, (4053¹30.1211North, and 6055¹39.611East). The proximate analysis was done following the methods of AOAC Official methods of Analysis. The result revealed that A. muricata is glabrous and reach up to 8 ± 1 m tall. The petiolate foliar organs are simple, oblong, having acuminate apex, acute base with parted margins, pinnately veined and opposite in phyllotaxy; measuring up to 12.5 ± 4.5 cm in length and 4.6 ± 1.38 cm in width. The fruit is oval berry containing whitish pulp embellished with black shiny seeds, and spinous greenish fruit cover. The foliar epidermal study revealed presence of polygonal cells, trichomes and paracytic stomata which are amphistomatic. The proximate study showcased the following compositions: 9.27 ± 1.0 Carbohydrate (%); 5.38 ± 1.00 Protein (%); 2.00 ± 0.90 Lipid (%); 85.84 ± 1.74 Moisture (%) content; 0.58 ± 0.11 Fiber (%) and 0.89 ± 0.01 Ash (%). These information would assist for further delimitation of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monarda didyma L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal and aromatic herb native to eastern North America and now is also cultivated in Northern Italy, which shows terminal heads of bright scarlet-red flowers, subtended by a whorl of red-tinged leafy bracts. Starting from 2018, M. didyma flowering tops have been included in the Belfrit List of botanicals. However, to date studies on the crude extract of this plant are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological and anatomical features of the flowering tops and the phytochemical profile of their ethanolic and hydroglyceric extracts (EE and HGE, respectively). HGE was the richest in total phenols (105.75 ± 5.91 vs. 64.22 ± 3.45 mg/100 mL) and especially in flavonoids (71.60 ± 5.09 vs. 47.70 ± 1.27 mg/100 mL), as confirmed also by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Fifty-three polyphenols were identified and quantified. Even if they showed a common polyphenolic profile, EE and HGE showed quantitative differences. Flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were the most expressed metabolites in HGE, whereas flavonols were the most expressed metabolites in EE. These features confer to HGE the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties, detected by several in vitro and in vivo assays, highlighting a promising use of this plant extract for skincare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the combustion performance of anthracite coal and solve the problem of resource utilization of distillers’ grains, experiments on the mixing combustion of anthracite coal and distillers’ grains were carried out and the effects of different combustion conditions on their ash characteristics were investigated in order to provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of combustion parameters in the actual operation of power plants. The ash samples were made on a drop tube furnace and a tube furnace, and then the microscopic morphology of the slag was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS), while its mineralogical composition was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the increase of distillers’ grain mixing ratio, combustion temperature and oxygen concentration will lead to the deterioration of ash slagging characteristics, while the excess air coefficient has little effect on it.

In this study, Ni-GQDs nanocomposite coatings were prepared by double-pulse electrodeposition under supercritical CO2 with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as the second phase additive. The effects of supercritical CO2 conditions and reverse pulse current density on microstructure, crystal orientation, grain size, GQDs quality, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Ni-GQDs nanocomposite coatings were investigated. The results show that when the reverse pulse current density is 0.8 A /dm2, the surface of Ni-GQDs-Ⅱ nanocomposite coating is compact and flat, GQDs is uniformly dispersed in the coating, and GQDs is closely bound to Ni grains. Compared with the coating prepared at normal temperature and pressure. The grain size of the Ni-GQDs-Ⅱ nanocomposite coating is 4.58 nm, and the grain size is reduced by 75.3 %. The quality of GQDs in the coating was improved. The coating hardness is 867.22 HV, which is significantly increased by 53.7 %. The roughness is 0.236 μm, which is significantly reduced by 37.2 %. The friction coefficient and volume wear were 0.262 and 3.395 × 107 μm3, respectively, which were significantly reduced by 27.4 % and 57.9 %. After electrochemical corrosion, the self-corrosion voltage of the coating was −139 mV, and the self-corrosion current density was 3.19 × 10−7 A/cm2. The self-corrosion voltage was significantly increased by 61.2 %, and the self-corrosion current density was significantly decreased by 71.2 %. The Rct value and Ndl value of the coating are 31594.53 Ω·cm2 and 0.862, respectively. Significantly increased by 226.2 % and 67.1 %, respectively. The coating has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

The load-bearing capacity of a building is influenced by the strength of the concrete. However, when faced with complex environments, ordinary concrete is not always adequate. The strength of concrete can be enhanced by incorporating additives into it. At this point, the study of adding basalt fiber (BF) and nano-SiO2 (NS) to concrete is pretty advanced. Still, research on the incorporation of nano-TiC (NT) into concrete is limited. In order to study the effect of NT, BF, and NS on the strength of concrete, in this paper, these materials were incorporated into concrete and NSF concrete was made by semi-dry mixing. And the concrete was analyzed for slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. The optimization of the mechanical characteristics of concrete was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM), and the microstructure of concrete was used for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To develop a thirst function optimization model based on NSF concrete, parallel experiments were used to verify the accuracy of the optimization results. The research findings show that NS, NT, and BF reduced the slump of concrete. Adding NT, NS, and BF in moderate amounts can enhance the mechanical characteristics of the concrete. The material’s optimal proportions for mixing were 0.85% for NT, 0.11% for BF, and 1.94% for NS. The optimized concrete has a maximum error of 9.03% in compressive strength, 9.30% in split tensile strength, and 9.82% in flexural strength.

In order to study the hydration process of red clay cement grout prepared by red clay in the southwest Wumeng mountain area in southwest China and the micro-morphology of the grout stone, the hydration heat characteristics of red clay cement grout were measured by direct method, and the microstructure characteristics of the hydration products of red clay cement grout were analyzed by scanning electron microscope（ＳＥＭ）, and the effects of cement and structural additives on the hydration products of red clay cement grout were studied. According to the isothermal heat release curve of red clay cement slurry, the hydration process of red clay cement slurry can be divided into acceleration period, deceleration period and stability period, and the slurry hydration kinetics equation was obtained through regression analysis. The SEM pictures of the grout stone of red clay cement grout at different ages can be clearly observed: the skeleton structure at 3 d age was relatively fluffy, forming some small pieces of C-S-H gel; at the age of 7 d, a large amount of C-S-H gel was formed, and the stone body tended to form a whole. At 28 d age, the hydration products of the stone body had basically formed and overlapped with each other to form an overall structure. The research showed that cement is the basis of the hydration reaction for the red clay cement grout. The addition of structural additives improves the hydration reaction speed of cement, thus improves the early strength of grout.

This research investigated the micro-morphological and proximate analysis of sour sop (Annona muricata L. of Annonaceae), harvested from a tertiary institution campus in the Niger Delta Region. It is a perennial small tree commonly known as sour sop. Plant sample was collected fresh within the University of Port Harcourt Campus, (4053130.1211North, and 6055139.611East). The proximate analysis was done following the methods of AOAC Official methods of Analysis. The result revealed that A. muricata is glabrous and reach up to 8 ± 1 m tall. The petiolate foliar organs are simple, oblong, having acuminate apex, acute base with parted margins, pinnately veined and opposite in phyllotaxy; measuring up to 12.5 ± 4.5 cm in length and 4.6 ± 1.38 cm in width. The fruit is oval berry containing whitish pulp embellished with black shiny seeds, and spinous greenish fruit cover. The foliar epidermal study revealed presence of polygonal cells, trichomes and paracytic stomata which are amphistomatic. The proximate study showcased the following compositions: 9.27 ± 1.0 Carbohydrate (%); 5.38 ± 1.00 Protein (%); 2.00 ± 0.90 Lipid (%); 85.84 ± 1.74 Moisture (%) content; 0.58 ± 0.11 Fiber (%) and 0.89 ± 0.01 Ash (%). These information would assist for further delimitation of the species.

The present article discusses the contrasting characteristics of fireclay from two stratigraphically and geologically different locations of Odisha, eastern India, viz. (i) Talabasta from Cuttack district (FC1) belonging to Upper Gondwana Formation and (ii) Basundhara coal mines (FC2) of Lower Gondwana Formation of Jharsuguda district. The study focuses on micro-morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of fireclay from the above locations and compare between them in respect of their refractory applications. The micro-morphological and mineralogical analysis inferred the predominance of quartz, kaolinite in both samples along with minor halloysite, goethite, and ilmenite in their various fractions. Layered hexagonal kaolinite, nanohedral kaolinite aggregates, and cylindrical halloysite are recognized under FESEM in FC1. In contrast, in FC2, the kaolinite is poorly crystallized, appears as anhedral to subhedral grains, or aggregates of very fine clay. The compositional analysis using XRF of bulk and its two size fractions (−75 + 45 and −45 μm) indicates FC1 to be rich in SiO2 and shows relatively less Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and K2O content than FC2. FTIR pattern, DSC and TGA pattern, and ash fusion temperature between FC1 and FC2 also show some difference. It is surmised that both fireclay samples have desired heat resistance (> 1400 °C) needed for refractory application. However, the AFT of FC1 can be further enhanced by decreasing silica content, and the AFT of FC2 can be improved by reducing Fe content through its proper processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: At present, there are large particles in geological samples prepared in the laboratory, which affect the representativeness of the samples and the accuracy of the analysis results. With the rapid development of modern analytical instruments, analytical methods based on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） have been widely used in laboratories across the country for the simultaneous determination of multiple elements in geological samples due to their low detection limit, high analytical flux, and wide linear range. Its characteristics of high sensitivity and analytical accuracy, small sample injection volume, and high requirements for sample representativeness are incompatible with the sample preparation technology that serves as the foundation of laboratory analysis work. Therefore, there is an urgent need to research and develop sample preparation methods that reduce sample size and improve representativeness, in order to meet the needs of ultra trace element detectionThe main methods for preparing ultrafine geological samples include air flow pulverization and ball milling. Air flow pulverization is widely used in the preparation of geological standard material samples, but the sample size prepared in one step is large, which is prone to sample grading and requires secondary mixing. Dry ball milling is a common geological sample preparation method in laboratories. Prolonging the ball milling time is beneficial for sample refinement, but it can easily cause contamination by the characteristic elements of the ball milling tank material. Wet ball milling can form a slurry between the sample and the grinding aid, which is conducive to the flow of the sample and the grinding ball during the ball milling process, increasing the friction between them, and achieving the goal of further refining the sample. OBJECTIVES: To establish a method of preparing ultra-fine geological samples by wet ball grinding with water as the grinding aid. METHODS: Weigh 20g samples into the ball mill tank made of agate material, and add 20mL water and grinding balls （8 pieces ofΦ10mm balls, 16 pieces ofΦ5mm balls, and 48 pieces ofΦ2mm balls). Cover the lid, and grind at 300r/min for 30min. XRD were used to characterize the crystal state of the minerals during ball milling. The sampling quantity of different elements was explored by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. RESULTS: （1） A method for preparing ultrafine geological samples by wet ball grinding was established in laboratory. Agate tanks were used for ball milling, and there was a low risk of sample contamination. When water was used as a liquid grinding aid and the ratio of solid to liquid （m/V） was 1, the grinding effect was better. （2） Four representative samples （rock, soil, sediment, and rare earth ore） were ball milled using this method, and the test results showed that the particle size of the samples after ball milling reached 1000 mesh. After wet ball milling of 60s amples of unknown matrix types, the D50 was less than 5μm, and the D90 was less than 19μm. （3） The grinding aid can reduce the surface energy of the grinding material and improve the grinding efficiency. The micromorphology of the samples prepared by ball milling showed that the large particles were significantly reduced, wet ball milling makes the particle size of each sample finer and the particle distribution more uniform, and the maximum particle diameter was reduced by about 5 times. The sampling quantity test was carried out on the rock sample （GBW07104）after ball milling, and 46 elements results were statistically analyzed. The sampling quantity was reduced to 2mg except for Mo, Cd, Cr. CONCLUSIONS: After ball milling, the large particles are significantly reduced and the particle distribution is more uniform, which better solves the problem of ultrafine preparation of relevant types of samples in the laboratory, but there are some problems such as a long sample preparation process. The ultra-fine preparation technology of geological samples, combined with XRF and LA-ICP-MS, establishes a green analysis method of solid sampling with small sample quantity, and assists in the development of the detection industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 pre-injection fracturing is a promising technology for shale reservoirs development, with multiple advantages for improving the complexity of fractures, the production of crude oil, and the sequestration of CO2. Previous research mostly focused on the CO2 effect on macroscopic mechanical properties of shale. However, there are many phenomena closely related to shale micro mechanical behavior. Therefore, this study presents a systematic investigation into the effects of CO2 on both macro and micro mechanical properties, as well as pore-fracture structures during CO2 pre-injection fracturing in shale reservoirs. The results show that CO2 can significantly decrease the tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus of shale. With the increasing CO2 treatment time, the macro mechanical properties of shale decrease gradually. The microscopic experiments show that this significant decrease may be due to two mechanisms. The first is the significant decrease in the micro-mechanical properties of shale. The results of indentation analysis show that the microscopic elastic modulus and hardness of shale decrease by 51.3% and 63.3% after CO2 treatment. The second is the changes of the original shale framework. Pore-fractures structure analysis showed that after CO2 treatment, a large number of dissolution pores are generated in the shale matrix. Meanwhile, there are propagation of original fractures and opening of structural weak planes, which lead to the form of new fractures. Under the action of these two mechanisms, the macro mechanical strength of shale is reduced significantly. Therefore, in the field application, proper soaking following CO2 injection could lead to a significant overall reduction in mechanical strength, potentially lowering formation breakdown pressure, easing the requirements for treatment equipment, and enhancing fracturing effects.

The use of warm-mix recycling technology can reduce the mixing temperature and the secondary aging of binders in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), which is one of the effective ways to recycle high-content RAP. In this study, the penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity were used to characterize the conventional physical properties of aged asphalt after regenerating, while a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), force ductility tester (FDT), and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to evaluate the rheological performance and micro-morphology of aged asphalt incorporating a new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator (BWR) and a commercial warm-mix rejuvenator (ZJ-WR). The regeneration mechanism of warm-mix rejuvenators on aged asphalt was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator can restore the conventional physical properties, low-temperature performance, and micro-morphology of aged asphalt with an appropriate dosage, but it has a negative effect on high-temperature performance. In comparison with 2D area parameters, 3D roughness parameters were more accurate in evaluating the variation in micro-morphology of aged asphalt after regeneration. The FTIR analysis results indicate that both the new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator and the commercial warm-mix rejuvenator regenerate aged asphalt by physical action, and AS=O and AC-H values are more reasonable than the AC=O value for the restoration evaluation of aged asphalt. And the new bio-based warm-mix rejuvenator has a better regeneration effect on the performance and micro-morphology of aged asphalt than the commercial warm-mix rejuvenator.

Currently, 1060 aluminum alloy is widely applied in the electronics industry, construction, the aerospace field, traffic engineering, decorations, and the consumer goods market for its good chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In general, excellent processing property is necessary and important for the manufacturing of complicated panels. In this paper, a special 2D ultrasonic vibration incremental forming method is designed to improve its plasticity and mechanical properties. Three kind of processing methods, including traditional single-point incremental forming, longitudinal ultrasonic vibration incremental forming, and 2D ultrasonic vibration incremental forming, are used for the flexible manufacturing of cones and cylindrical cups of 1060 aluminum alloy sheet. Then, micro-hardness tests, residual stress tests, and scanning electron microscopy tests are carried out to probe the changes in micro-structure and mechanical properties and to analyze the effects of different types of ultrasonic vibration on the plasticity and fracture characteristic of 1060 aluminum alloy. It is proven that 2D ultrasonic vibration facilitates the improvement of plasticity and surface qualities of 1060 aluminum alloy better than the other two processing methods. Therefore, the novel 2D ultrasonic vibration incremental forming process possesses substantial application value for the flexible and rapid manufacturing of complicated thin-walled component of aluminum alloy.

Based on importance of porous silicon in nearly all physical and chemical properties such as mechanical, electrical, and optical on one hand and its application in optoelectronic devices on the other hand, we decided to plan and construction a setup to receive a proper porous silicon in the case of uniformity in diameter and depth of pores which was confirmed by FESEM measurements. Using AFM images, topography parameters and fractal dimensions were calculated and compared. Optical band gap of silicon and porous silicon was compared. The prepared samples were applied to use as a gas sensor to exposure of ethanol and acetone vapors from 100 to 400 ppm. Interesting results of application of fabricated samples has been reported in result section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental studies were conducted on the effects of seismic stress on (a) in vitro shoot proliferation and (b) induction of stress tolerance in Dioscorea pentaphylla L. cultivated in vitro. The morphometric traits in plantlets developed under in vitro seismic stress set at 60 rpm for 8.0 min twice a day for 4 weeks promoted the number of shoots per explant (21.0 shoots), shoot length (6.8 cm average length), leaf area (2.3 cm × 2.0 cm), and biomass over control. Improvement was recorded in rooting response, acclimatization, and survival percent of the plants. Leaves of control plants exhibited stomatal abnormalities, the lowest defense trichomes, and raphides. These negative traits could be amended by seismic stress. We suggest counter-stress mitigating in vitro environment-caused stresses enabling mass and clonal propagation/production of climate change-resilient crop plants. This novel approach of experimental research offers new dimensions in the fields of plant production biology/biotechnology. Key message: In vitro moderate seismic stress improved shoot proliferation, biomass, rooting response, development of stress-tolerant microstructures, and acclimatization efficiencies in Dioscorea pentaphylla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crumb rubber (CR) concrete (CRC) characterized with high ductility and environment friendliness, has recently been studied widely in the field of green concrete. Generally, high volume fraction of CR in cementitious system leads to low strength. However, the effect of CR particle size has not been concluded yet. This paper focuses on the impact of CR size on the mechanical and microstructure properties of CRC. Two novel substitution approaches of CR for natural fine aggregate are adopted. In total, 10 groups are designed and experimentally tested for their workability in fresh state and mechanical properties in hardened state. Brittleness coefficient, fineness modulus, and micro‐morphology of CRC were analyzed and discussed. Results show that as size of CR decreases, workability improves significantly, apparent density and strength exhibit a firstly decrease and then increase trend, with the lowest value obtained around 1.18 mm CR size. The brittleness of concrete was significantly improved in the presence of CR, and the improvement was more significant for smaller‐sized CR. Weak ITZs between CR particles and interfacial porosity are the main reasons for the sharp strength deterioration. Crack arresting effect of CR makes the crack propagation path more tortuous, and smaller particle‐sized CR exhibits greater capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To carry out research on the particle size distribution, micro -morphology, and composition characteristics of combustible combustion smoke particles, and comprehensively understand the smoke information of fires. Methods The cable outer sheath, rubber tires, wire insulation layer, insulating cardboard, transformer oil, and fire residue oil at the combustion site of the substation fire were collected. Through combustion simulation experiments, use a particle matter classification sampler to collect the smoke particles released by combustion and analyze the particle size distribution characteristics of different smoke particles and their distribution in different deposition sites of the human respiratory tract. By comparing the scanning electron microscope images of different particle sizes of smoke dust, the micro-morphology and elemental composition of different particle sizes were surveyed. Results Based on ion chromatography analysis, Cl- emission factor was 0.089 2-1.207 2 滋g/g, accounting for 57.3%-67.9% of water-soluble ions, and there were differences in its particle size distribution characteristics between solid and liquid combustibles. Conclusions The smoke particles released by different combustibles were mainly particles with a diameter less than 0.25 滋m, and there were differences in Cl - emission factors. These differences could be used as the basis for evaluating the source of smoke dust and respiratory exposure assessment of personnel at fire scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The micro‐morphological examinations of the leaf lamina, petiole and stem for Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae) was carried out using a variety of microscopic techniques widely implemented in the area of medicine. The objective of this study was the micromorphological characterization of stem, petiole, lamina, stomata, leaf trichomes and other internal characters. The anatomical studies included the cross section of stem and leaf of Camellia sinensis thereby exhibiting a typical pattern of arrangement of tissues similar to woody plants. Some idioblastic sclereids like astrosclereids, osteosclereids were found in the medullary parenchyma of tea stem and leaf. Large numbers of sclereids were found mainly in the parenchymatous tissue of leaf petiole. Other micro‐morphological features like trichomes, stomata, and different tissue layer were also recorded. The leaf trichomes were unicellular, long and densely present in the lower surface of immature leaf but a decrease in amount of trichomes was seen in the mature leaf making it a prime taxonomic feature of the tea leaf. The microscopic morphological analysis of the stem, petiole, lamina, stomata, leaf trichomes of Camellia sinensis can be used for its identification. In addition, these techniques can be further implemented for the taxonomic characterization thereby establishing a genetic relationship and solving taxonomic disputes in the field of plant systematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atraphaxis pyrifolia is a native species of Central Asia, known for curing several disorders. The species has little knowledges about its chemical composition and any information about its morphological characteristics despite its importance in traditional Asian medicine. This is one of the first approaches to the phytochemical and morphological characterization of this species. Micro-morphology was performed on the stem, and leaf parts of this plant to profile the morpho-anatomical characters using brightfield, fluorescence, polarized and scanning electron microscopy. Leaves were extracted with hexane and methanol. The hexane extract was analyzed using GC-MS analysis revealing the major presence of γ-sitosterol and nonacosane. The methanolic extract was submitted to Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Sephadex LH-20. HPTLC, HR-ESI-MS and NMR techniques were used to identify the main compounds. Four glycosylated flavonoids were isolated: 8-O-acetyl-7-O-methyl-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylgossypetin (Compound 1), and 7-O-methyl-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylgossypetin (Compound 3), and two other compounds reported for the first time in the literature (Compounds 2 and 4). The findings presented herein furnish pertinent information essential for the identification and authentication of this medicinal plant. Such insights are invaluable for facilitating robust quality control measures and serve as a foundational framework for subsequent endeavours in metabolic, pharmacological, and taxonomical analyses.

In order to achieve the resourceful, large-scale and high-value utilization of bulk industrial solid wastes such as flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag (GGBS), and to reduce the dosage of cementitious materials, orthogonal experimental methods were used to prepare composite cementitious materials based on the principle of synergistic coupling and reconstruction of multi-solid wastes. Through the method of extreme difference and ANOVA, the influence law of different factor levels on the performance of the cementitious materials was studied, and the maximum compressive strength of cementitious materials was reached when the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) dosage was 20%, the FGDG dosage was 56%, the FA dosage was 19.2% and the slag dosage was 4.8%, and the W/B was 0.55. The hydration products and microscopic morphology of the cementitious materials were analyzed by means of XRD, SEM and MIP techniques, so as to elucidate the complex synergistic hydration mechanism, and then to determine the more optimal group distribution ratio. The results show that the hydration reaction between FGDG and OPC can be synergistic with each other, and C-A-H further generates AFt under the action of SO42−, and at the same time, it plays the role of alkali-salt joint excitation for FA–GGBS, generates a large amount of cementitious materials, fills up the pores of the gypsum crystal structure, and forms a dense microstructure.

Monarda didyma L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal and aromatic herb native to eastern North America and now is also cultivated in Northern Italy, which shows terminal heads of bright scarlet-red flowers, subtended by a whorl of red-tinged leafy bracts. Starting from 2018, M. didyma flowering tops have been included in the Belfrit List of botanicals. However, to date studies on the crude extract of this plant are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological and anatomical features of the flowering tops and the phytochemical profile of their ethanolic and hydroglyceric extracts (EE and HGE, respectively). HGE was the richest in total phenols (105.75 ± 5.91 vs. 64.22 ± 3.45 mg/100 mL) and especially in flavonoids (71.60 ± 5.09 vs. 47.70 ± 1.27 mg/100 mL), as confirmed also by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Fifty-three polyphenols were identified and quantified. Even if they showed a common polyphenolic profile, EE and HGE showed quantitative differences. Flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were the most expressed metabolites in HGE, whereas flavonols were the most expressed metabolites in EE. These features confer to HGE the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties, detected by several in vitro and in vivo assays, highlighting a promising use of this plant extract for skincare applications.

Polyurethane polishing pads are often used for polishing hard and brittle materials such as optical glass. The morphology and the wear of polishing pads directly influence the polishing accuracy and efficiency. Experimental studies were conducted on the micro-morphology and wear behavior of polyurethane polishing pads during different polishing time and their effects on material removal rate and surface roughness were analyzed. The results showed that the material removal rate and surface roughness are 0.977μm/min and 153.67nm respectively when the spindle speed is 8000r/min， the feed speed is 0.0150mm/s and the axial ultrasonic amplitude is 5μm. Polyurethane polishing pads have relatively little wear in the first 30 min， the surface of the polishing pads is filled with abrasive particles and optical glass debris， as the polishing time increases， damaging the porous structure of polishing pads. The surface of the polishing pads gradually hardens and loses its elasticity. Meanwhile， the abrasive particles and the debris invading the surface of the polishing pads will prevent the renewal of the abrasive particles in the contact area during the polishing， resulting in a reduction in the polishing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calamagrostis nagarum, previously considered to be a poorly known species, has been reassessed taxonomically. It is a member of C. lahulensis-C. scabrescens complex and may be segregated by morphological characters such as the presence of pilose hairs on adaxial surface of leaf blades, spreading panicle branches, filiform awn and nerve prolongation of lemma. Besides, the micromorphology of adaxial surface of leaf blades, dorsal surface of glume and lemma differentiates Calamagrostis nagarum from its allies, C. lahulensis and C. scabrescens. It is known from Nagaland and Uttarakhand, India, and Bhutan. In this study, we have provided an emended description of the species, a discussion of its habitat and distribution, and taxonomic notes along with field photographs and photo plates for its correct identification. In addition, we also lectotypify the names C. lahulensis and C. scabrescens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the three-directional orthogonal preform with different Z-direction fiber distance as the research object, the carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were prepared by the combination of chemical vapor infiltration and resin impregnation, and the effect of weaving parameters on the microstructure and bending performance of C/C composites were studied. The calculation model was established by taking the smallest repeated structure of three-directional orthogonal preform as a unit, and the relationship between fiber content and weaving parameters of three-directional preform was obtained and verified. The results show that the fiber content of preform is increased with the decrease of Z-direction fiber distance and X, Y-direction fiber layer distance; when the Z-direction fiber distance is increased, the twist deformation of the fiber interweave becomes larger, resulting in the change of the pore structure of the preform; under the same densification process, the change of pore structure affects the composition and distribution of carbon matrix in C/C composites, but has no effect on the morphology of carbon matrix; when the fiber content in X, Y-direction is increased and the distance between fibers in Z-direction is decreased, the flexural strength of the C/C composites is higher.

Magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) is susceptible to high-temperature damage when used as a fireproofing coating or structural repair material and as a nuclear waste encapsulation shell, and the strength loss and dimensional shrinkage at about 100 °C severely limit the application of MKPC. Therefore, in this paper, the macroscopic properties, physical phase composition and microscopic morphology of sucrose-modified MKPC at room and high temperatures (20°C, 50°C, 120°C) are investigated from the perspective of modified retarder, and the mechanism of sucrose's influence on MKPC at high temperatures and the optimal dosage are speculated, and the Pearson correlation analysis is performed on the various macroscopic and microscopic indexes. The results showed that 2.5 % sucrose doping could reduce dimensional shrinkage by 59.6 % and increase late strength by 21.8 % at high temperatures, significantly optimizing the macroscopic properties of MKPC. The inhibition of the high-temperature decomposition product MgKPO 4 ·H 2 O by sucrose and the reduction of pores formed by water evaporation are among the main reasons for the optimization of the properties. Additionally, the adsorption of amorphous products to form new polymers that fill the pores is also an important reason for the optimization of performance. However, Pearson's correlation analysis showed that too much sucrose contributed to the reduction of pulp strength, and its optimal dosage should be between 2 % and 3 %. • Experiments on the effect of sucrose on MKPC performance at high temperature. • Sucrose optimizes high-temperature-induced dimensional shrinkage of MKPC. • Sucrose at high temperature significantly reduced the late strength loss of MKPC. • Sucrose forms polymers to fill MKPC pores and improve densification. • The optimal range of sucrose dosing is 2∼3 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding the resource utilization of solid waste steel slag (SS) is necessary to reduce the environmental impact of stockpiling and disposal. However, SS has the shortcomings of poor volume stability and poor water damage resistance, which limits its application in pavement engineering, especially in cold mixed asphalt mixtures. In this work, hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret (containing -NCO) and hydroxyl acrylic resin (containing -OH) were utilized as raw materials to prepare NCO-OH composite modifier (NOCM) by regulating NCO/OH (0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50) for SS surface modification. Surface morphology, adhesion properties, aggregate properties, and prepared mixture properties of SS before and after modification were investigated, respectively, and the curing mechanism of NOCM and action mechanism were analyzed. Results show that the cured NOCM forms a dense modified film on the SS surface, and the rough surface and large pores of SS were blocked, which effectively hindered the free oxides in SS from coming into contact with water. NOCM reduced the apparent relative density, water absorption, and wear loss of SS. NOCM with NCO/OH = 1.25 was recommended to modify SS to obtain the most balanced properties, at which time MSS has a roughest surface to mechanically interlock with asphalt, and there are excess -NCO groups to chemically bond with polar components in asphalt. Mixtures prepared at the optimum NCO/OH had good water damage resistance, freeze-thaw cycle resistance, and volume stability. Applying NOCM-modified SS in environment-friendly cold mixed asphalt mixtures can effectively improve pavement durability and bring good environmental benefits. [Display omitted] • Steel slag (SS) is an excellent substitute for natural aggregates in asphalt pavements. • The curing mechanism and action mechanism of NCO-OH composite modifier (NOCM) were explored. • The properties of environment-friendly cold mixed asphalt mixture were improved by SS surface modification. • Applying NOCM-modified SS in cold mixed mixture can improve pavement durability and bring good environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Propose a Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication and Ultrasonic Rolling Strengthening hybrid process for blade. • Reveal the formation mechanism of grain refinement on the TC4 blade surface. • Form a 2.1 mm nanocrystalline layer and a 3.7 mm reinforced layer on the blade surface. This study proposes a hybrid process method based on Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication and Ultrasonic Rolling Strengthening Process (CMQL-URSP) to improve the surface integrity and enhance the mechanical properties of blade surface. First, the principle of the CMQL-URSP hybrid process was described. Second, the TEM experiments were conducted to clarify the influence of the CMQL-URSP hybrid process on aircraft engine blades. Finally, the blade processing experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CMQL-URSP hybrid process on the blade surface micro-morphology, micro-hardness and residual stress. The results indicate that the CMQL-URSP hybrid process effectively overcomes the limitations inherent to the solitary application of URSP. The CMQL process inhibits work hardening, thereby allowing the URSP to achieve better low-plastic surface improvement. Grain refinement governed by the continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism leads to the formation of nanocrystals, which significantly improves mechanical properties of blade surface. The CMQL-URSP hybrid process results in a reduction in surface roughness from Ra 2.644 μm to Ra 0.055 μm, an increase in surface residual compressive stress from 321 MPa to 657 MPa, and the formation of a reinforced layer with a depth of 3.7 mm on the blade, thereby enhancing the surface integrity of the blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A numerical model of the strength degradation of titanium alloy clinched joints is established from the strength degradation experimental data and the fatigue cumulative damage model. • By scanning the micro-morphology of the joint fracture under different cycle times in the strength degradation experiment, the change of fracture micro-morphology with the increase of cycle times is analysed. • By scanning the black abrasive chip composition in the wear region, combined with the macroscopic observable cracks, it is inferred that the micromotional wear will have a great influence on the fatigue failure mode and fatigue life of the clinched joints. • The strength degradation power index model for titanium alloy clinched joints is verified by the test to have good accuracy in predicting residual strength. A digital model for the strength degradation of titanium alloy clinched joints was established using strength degradation tests and a fatigue cumulative damage model. This model aims to investigate the strength degradation law and fatigue damage failure mechanism of titanium alloy clinched joints under fatigue loading. Fractured test specimens were scanned to analyse the fatigue damage failure mechanism by examining the evolution of fracture morphology under varying fatigue cyclic loading times. The results demonstrate that the power index degradation model accurately predicts the strength degradation of titanium alloy clinched joints. As the number of fatigue loading cycles increases, cleavage features emerge alongside fatigue cracks, leading to a gradual reduction in joint strength. Ultimately, the strength degradation power index model for titanium alloy clinched joints is verified by the test to have high accuracy in predicting residual strength. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is a sustainable, inexpensive, and alternative energy source produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Precise and authentic identification of oil yielding plant species is very crucial. Therefore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in our current investigation to study micromorphological characteristics of ten novel oil yielding seeds for their reliable identification. Macromorphological characters of sample seeds were explored by light microscopy. Seed size varied from 16 to 6.2 mm in length and 18.4–4.5 mm in width. Seed shape varied from ovoid to cordial and color from beige to brown. Seed oil content ranged from 25% to 45% (w/w). Whereas free fatty acid (FFA) content of seed oil varied from 0.42 to 3.4 mg KOH/g. Biodiesel potential of Chamaerops humilis was found to be highest (98%) in all. Besides, ultra‐structural observation of seeds demonstrated variation in surface sculpturing which varied from rugous, reticulate, perforate, striate, and webby. Periclinal wall arrangements varied from rough, ridged, depressed, thick and curved whereas, anticlinal walls pattern showed variation from wavy, smooth, raised, deep and depressed. It was ultimately concluded that Scanning electron microscopy could serve as an advanced tool representing hidden ultra‐structural characters of seeds. It offers significant knowledge to researchers and local community for their accurate and genuine identification. Research Highlights: Non‐edible oil yielding seeds as promising source of bioenergy.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as reliable tool for identification.Variation in Micromorphological characters among selected seeds.Classification of non‐edible oil yielding plants via micromorphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact on chiral aggregation in solution processed and thermally annealed thin films of two indolenine and one anilino squaraines with chiral (S)‐citronellyl functionalization at the nitrogen of the squaraine backbone is investigated. A pseudo polymorphic crystal structure is obtained for one of the indolenine squaraines, but thin films of both compounds are basically non‐aggregated and truly isotropic as evidenced by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The anilino squaraine coalesces and readily aggregates to circular dichroic but discontinuous thin films. The extent of circular dichroism correlates with the morphology of the samples, which is quantified by Mueller matrix polarimetry in combination with atomic force microscopy. The shape of the CD spectra reinforces the hybrid Frenkel and charge‐transfer excitonic nature of the characteristic double hump signatures within unpolarized absorbance spectra of previously investigated non‐chiral anilino squaraines with linear alkyl chain functionalization. Such excitonic CD offers an additional design parameter for next‐generation opto‐electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]