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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abdullah al-Haddad was a great scholar of the 17th century who became a role model for later scholars. He produced works that are used as a guide by people in Indonesia, especially among Islamic boarding schools with traditional patterns. His famous work is Nasa’ih al-Diniyyah wa al-Wasaya al-Imaniyah. In this book, many of the Prophet’s hadis are used as arguments (hujjah) but the status of the hadis is not explained whether they are authentic or otherwise. Therefore it is important to explain the methodology of writing the hadis contained in this book so that its status can be recognized as well as to measure the extent of his knowledge in the science of hadis. This study aims to explore the methodology of writing the hadis used by Abdullah al-Haddad in the Nasa’ih al-Diniyyah. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the methodology of writing the hadis used by Abdullah al-Haddad and reveal the extent of his knowledge and status as a scholar of hadis through his book, Nasa’ih al-Diniyyah. The study methodology used is document analysis through a descriptive analysis approach, explaining and analyzing the book as a whole, especially the methodology of writing the hadis. This study found that Abdullah al-Haddad used several methods of writing the hadis in his Nasa’ih al-Diniyyah including: (1) writing hadis without sanad (chain of transmission of the hadis) and hadis narrators), (2) writing hadis using the Rawi al-A’la and declare hadis narrators, (3) (writing hadis without sanad (chain of transmission of the hadis) and just declare hadis narrators, (4) (writing hadis using lafaz (sighat) Qala and Warada at the beginning of the hadis. This study found that Abdullah al-Haddad had good knowledge in the science of hadis although not proportional with well-known scholars. Besides that, it also can provide an understanding about the method of writing hadis by al-Zarnuji in his book Ta'lim al-Muta'allim to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is motivated by the lack of studies on the methodological configuration of al-Fatihah's interpretation in Tarjuman al-Mustafid. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting this study further. This type of research is library research using the primary data source of the interpretation of Tarjuman al-Mustafid by Abd Ar-Rauf As-Singkili which is focused on the interpretation of al-Fatihah. The method used is a descriptive-analytical method. The conclusion of this article explains that: First, the Systematic Interpretation of As-Singkili is explaining the Makkiyah or Madaniyah letter, explaining the benefits of the letter and its asbab an-nuzul, writing the text of the verse without translation, and then doing the interpretation. Second, the source of interpretation uses munasabah, hadith, and scholars' arguments (quotations from other interpretations). Third, the principles of interpretation are 1) the Principles of Letter Description; 2) The Qiraat Accentuation Principle; 3) the Principles of Global-Parochial Interpretation; and 4) the Principles of Textual Interpretation. Fourth, the Caustive-Axiological interpretation carried out by As-Singkili in interpreting al-Fatihah emphasizes the socio-cultural aspect and minimizes differences of opinion in reading (qiraat) on the verse malikiyaumiddin.

Using artificial light at night gives a lot of benefits for humanity, but, at the same time, it has changed our planet significantly. However, the problem was not taken seriously until its scale became noticeable. Though, skepticism, even among many recognized researchers, is still present, although this is expressed mainly in personal conversations. But, in any way the number of studies on this topic is increasing quite rapidly. Unfortunately, a part of these publications is not qualitative, published apparently without proper review, and this can seriously distort the understanding of the problem, have an impact on other scientific research, and also complicate the search for optimal ways to solve the problem of light pollution. One of such recently published works with the title “The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and physiological features of the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees in garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv” has caused a desire to pay attention to this situation, and to prevent similar ones in the future. So, the critical review of the mentioned study is presented here.

In the contribution, I am devoted to the evaluation of Slovak historiography related to the research of epidemics on the territory of Slovakia. Especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, as in the global spectrum, many researchers in Slovakia began to devote themselves to the research of epidemics. Their publication output, as well as older works, have the character of case studies, without creating a cross-sectional analysis of epidemic research. The diverse level of results, which in many cases does not respect the basic rules of historical demography, remains a problem. Therefore, the results of these researches cannot be compared with other publications from Slovakia and abroad. Based on these findings, I decided to offer readers a methodological anchoring of the possibility of researching epidemics from the 19th century, which can be realized through the analysis of church registers. This is a topic that has not been elaborated on the Slovak area until now, which is probably also why Slovak researchers often do not follow the basic rules of historical demography accepted in the world. When interpreting the methods, I am based primarily on the French school of historical demography, which is established in the region of Central Europe. It is used in both Czech and Polish historiography, which may be even more acceptable for Slovak researchers and readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plant Introduction / Ìntrodukcìâ Roslin is the property of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

İnsana ve insanî olana nispetle değişmenin kaçınılmaz olduğu gibi, ezmanın tağayyürü ile de ahkâmın tağayyürü inkâr olunamaz. Çünkü insanlar, varlıklarını istikrarlı bir şekilde devam ettirebilmek için ihtiyaç duydukları bilgi ve imkâna her zaman aynı düzeyde ve aynı kalitede ulaşamamaktadır. Kişiye ve topluma göre değişen farklı düzeydeki ihtiyaç ve gereksinimler ile insan yaşamını derinden etkileyen savaş, doğal felâket ve benzeri olumsuzluklar da insan ve toplum davranışlarının hızlı bir şekilde değişmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu davranış değişikliği, toplumsal örf ve adetlerde farklılaşmayı da tabiatiyla beraberinde getirmektedir. Topyekûn kâinattaki bu hızlı değişim ve dönüşüm, hayat standartlarında olduğu gibi insan haklarını düzenleyen beşerî yasalarda da kısmî ya da külli değişiklikler şeklinde kendisini gösterebilmektedir. Örfî davranışlardaki değişime paralel olarak dinî hüküm ve fetvalarda da değişim söz konusudur. Ancak beşerî kanun ve yasaları etkisi altına alan bütün değişim enstrümanlarının, İlâhî yasalar için aynı düzeyde etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. İslam hukukunda fakihlerin genelinin itibarına göre; kat‘î şer‘î hükümler ictihâd konusu olmadıkları için değişime kapalıdır. Değişime açık olan hükümler ise zannî delille sabit olan hükümler ile hakkında nas ve icmâ‘ bulunmayan hükümlerden ibarettir. Haddi zatında az sayıdaki değişime kapalı bu hükümler, aynı zamanda değişime açık hükümler için de bir istikrar unsurudur. Zira İslam hukukunun; adaletin temini, zararın def‘i, harac ve fesadın giderilmesi ve kolaylık prensipleri gibi fert ve toplum maslahatını tesise dayalı evrensel bir hukuk sistemi olması da değişime açık olan hükümlerde ictihâd tariki ile değişimi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Fıkıh literatürümüz, hükümlerde değişimin mümkün olduğunu gösteren pek çok örnekle doludur. Fetvada değişim konusu, eski yeni ilmi çalışmaların birçoğunda, “hükümde değişim” başlığı altında ele alınmaktadır. Ülkemizde de bu konu ile ilgili yazılmış pek çok ilmî makale ve kitap bulunmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, bunlardan bazılarının, konuyu; ilmî perspektiften uzak, hikmet-i teşri‘ ve usul ilminden bağımsız olarak ele almış oldukları dikkatlerden kaçmamaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda hükümlerde değişme tezinin, fetvada değişme ile istidlal edilmiş olması, bunun en bariz örneğidir. Ayrıca bu çalışmaların bir kısmında konunun, yine usul ilminden bağımsız olarak ele alınmış olmasından kaynaklanan müteselsil yorum hatalarına da rastlamak mümkündür. Eski kaynakların bir kısmı ile bu konu ile ilgili yapılan Türkçe çalışmalarda konunun, “hükümlerde değişme” başlığı altında ele alınmış olması, müteselsilen tekrar eden bu yorum hatalarına örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Ayrıca bu çalışmaların bazılarında, taabbudî hükümlerin sınırlarını geniş tuttukları gerekçesiyle mütekaddim fukaha, mütekaddim fukahanın ictihâdlarını kutsadıkları gerekçesi ile de müteahhir fukaha kıyasıya eleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, usul ilmi ve fukahanın çoğunluğunun görüşü esas alınarak hükümde değişmenin; mahiyeti, sınırları ve yöntemi konusu kısaca ele alınacaktır. Özellikle konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların bazılarında, dikkatleri çeken usulî hatalar, birkaç örnek üzerinden analiz edilecektir. Ayrıca bu çalışmalarda, konu ile ilgili farklı görüşleri sebebiyle kategorize edilen âlim ve araştırmacıların iddia edilen gruplara nispeti ile bu grupların stratejileri hakkında yapılan tenkit ve eleştiriler değerlendirilip, bu konu ile ilgili bir durum tespiti yapılacaktır.

This paper is an introduction for the special issue of “Rivista di estetica” devoted to the role of ontology in contemporary aesthetics and philosophy of art. It describes the most dominating trends within current ontological inquiry in aesthetics and philosophy of art as well as presents papers collected in the issue.

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Croatian History / Radovi Zavoda za Hrvatsku Povijest is the property of Zavod za Hrvatsku Povijest, Filozofski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Sirnak University, Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

First two years of implementation of the Law on prevention of family violence is a just an occasion to try to bring together results of its effects. Starting point for this analysis was presumption that the radical feminism and its counterpart in criminology, radical school of feminist criminology, shaped the Law. According to it family violence is a product of alleged male wish to control female sexuality. This control is conducted through social institutions such as family and marriage. As long as these institutions persist violence is repeated. Consequently, recidivism must be present as a rule. So, these institutions are to be destroyed. Some other personal factors of criminal behaviour within family do not exist. Other forms of family violence are not acknowledged and distinction between them is not made. At the beginning author gives detailed description of a numerous methodological obstacles which hamper analyses. In the next part basic presumptions originating from radical school of feminist criminology was summarily proved by brief analysis of a several provisions of the Law itself. In the third part author summarize effects of a Law by using 9 individual surveys of practice of a 9 different police departments in Republic of Serbia. Despite serious methodological obstacles and relatively scarcity of a survey sample, author's assessment of a practice shows that basic presumptions of the radical school of feminist criminology are not proved in context of a Serbian society. If this presumption were, proven violence between partners must have been dominant in comparison with violence between relatives in analysis. In reality, violence between relatives exists in almost one-half of all cases: 43%. Furthermore, a division between three possible partner relations, a marriage, extramarital relations and a simple romance (and then on existing ones and former) shows that more formal and more stable type of relations are more represented in analysis: 51% of all cases happened in existing marriages, further 19% in existing extramarital relations and 8% in existing romances. Likewise, all existing relations are more represented in analysis in relation to former ones: 20% of cases happened in former marriages and former extramarital relations and a simple romance are represented in analysis with only 1% of all cases respectively. It is quite possible that people, educated and raised in Serbian culture, are more violent in relations in which they "invested" more. Their "investment" is a spiritual and material energy spent in relation. Those who want to have kids, raise family and acquire property and the other way round choose more formal and stabile types of relations. When faced with deprivation of these investments (kids and property) or when these are endangered, it is quite possible for people to become violent. In relations that are temporary, ephemeral or lightly perceived there is no such a kind of "investment", and, it seems, no violence. Other possible personal factors of violent criminality are present in analysis. Perpetrators of violence are in 37% of cases unemployed. On the other hand, only 18% of them are repeated offenders, so recidivism is not high. When it comes to so called "urgent measures" as a specific type of sanctions for family violence they are issued in 2/3 of all cases. Restrain of approach and communication with victim is more frequent in comparison with eviction from home. This is understandable. With so broad definition of a member of a family, Law offers protection to persons who are in such a type of relations in which joint living is not an option. Therefore, there is not a joint accommodation from which a perpetrator should be evicted. The same applies for all former relationships, which also enjoy protections of the Law although former partners, by definition, do not live jointly any more. Ratio between measures is 35% eviction orders to 65% restrain orders. In all cases where eviction order is issued, the other measure is also issued. Out of these two facts it is possible to draw conclusion that eviction order is only measure necessary in Serbia. In Serbian culture, the notion family comprises only of relationships in which people share "table, bad and roof". Author argues that only this type of a relation is a family, which, as a case may be, needs protection. This is one proof more that radical school of feminist criminology shaped the Law. Its teaching tries to force all relations between man and a woman, existing and former, within the notion of a family. However, concludes the author, results of implementations of the Law in Serbia speaks, on the contrary, that such a teaching is a strange body in Serbian culture, society and, consequently, legal practice.

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses exclusively on the issues of railway traffic control devices availability in traffic management. One of the factors affecting this availability are tests conducted during maintenance or repair works. A review of the literature in the field of test determination methods was conducted. Next, the railway traffic control system was described and the elements influencing availability were defined. Assumptions and an algorithm of the procedure were presented and the method of determining the tests was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following is a review about the book titled La Historia Contraataca (History Fights Back), written by the Venezuelan historian Juan Manuel Santana Pérez. In the book, the historiographical path during the 20th century is presented by the author. Santana Pérez explains its history, its theoretical basis, and the methodology researchers employed during that period. The book is composed by nine chapters, which are reviewed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution is a brief exposition about some terminological matters related to three terms commonly used in palaeography: type, style, canon. In order to define the semantic field of these terms and their paleographical euristic scope, the author analyzes their use, above all in the Greek context, but also in the Latin one, by re-reading a certain number of scientific contributions of the last decades. The result is a not univocal use, often unclear in its theoretical assumptions and ambivalent in its heuristic scope. The reflections developed on the problem suggest a certain prudence in the use of these terms and the need for a further theoretical study.

First two years of implementation of the Law on prevention of family violence is a just an occasion to try to bring together results of its effects. Starting pointfor this analysis was presumption that the radical feminism and its counterpart in criminology>, radical SRhool of feminist criminology, shaped the Law. According to itfamily violence is a product of,alleged male wish to control female sexuality’. This control is conducted through social institutions such as family and marriage. As long as these institutions persist violence is repeated. Consequently, recidivism must be present as a rule. So, these institutions are to be destroyed. Some other personalfactors ofcriminal behaviour within family do not exist. Other forms offamily violence are not acknowledged and distinction between them is not made.At the beginning author gives detailed deSRription of a numerous methodological obstacles which hamper analyses. In the next part basic presumptions originating from radical SRhool offeminist criminology was summarily proved by briefanalysis of a several provisions ofthe Law itself. In the third part author summarize effects of a Law by using 9 individual survey>s ofpractice of a 9 different police departments in Republic of Serbia. Despite serious methodological obstacles and relatively SRarcity of a survey sample, author’s assessment of a practice shows that basic presumptions ofthe radical SRhool of feminist criminology are not proved in context of a Serbian society.If this presumption were, proven violence between partners must have beet} dominant in comparison with violence between relatives in analysis. In reality’, violence between relatives exists in almost one-half ofall cases: 43%. Furthermore, a division between three possible partner relations, a marriage, extramarital relations and a simple romance (and then on existing ones and former) shows that moreformal and more stable type of relations are more represented in analysis: 51% ofall cases happened in existing marriages, further 19% in existing extramaiital relations and 8% in existing romances. Likewise, all existing relations are more represented in analysis in relation to former ones: 20% ofcases happened informer marriages and former extramarital relations and a simple romance are represented in analysis with only 1% of all cases respectively\ It is quite possible that people, educated and raised in Serbian culture, are more violent in relations in which they' "invested" more. Their "investment” is a spiritual and matetial energy spent in relation. Those who want to have kids, raise family and acquire property' and the other way round choose more formal and stabile types of relations. Ulten faced with deprivation of these investments (kids and propertyj or when these are endangered, it is quite possible for people to become violent. In relations that are temporary, ephemeral or tightly perceived there is no such a kindofitxvestment”, and, it seems, no violence.Other possible personal factors ofviolent criminality• are present in analysis. Perpetrators ofviolence are in 37% of cases unemployed. On the other hand, only 18% of them are repeated offenders, so recidivism is not high. JTTi en it comes to so called "urgent measures" as a specific type ofsanctions for family violence they are issued in 2/3 of all cases. Restrain of approach and communication with victim is more frequent in comparison with eviction fi-om home. This is understandable. Kith so broad definition of a member of a famify, Law offers protection to persons who are in such a type of relations in which joint living is not an option. Therefore, there is not a joint accommodation fi-om which a perpetrator should be evicted. The same applies for all former relationships, which also enjoy protections of the Law although former partners, by definition, do not live jointly any more. Ratio betw een measures is 35% eviction orders to 65% restrain orders. In all cases where eviction order is issued, the other measure is also issued. Out of these two facts it is possible to draw conclusion that eviction order is only measure necessary in Serbia. In Serbian culture, the notion family comprises only ofrelationships in which people share „ table, bad atid roof". Author argues that only this type of a relation is a family, which, as a case may' be, needs protection. This is one proof more that radical SRhool offeminist criminology shaped the Law. Its teaching tries to force all relations between man and a woman, existing and former, within the notion ofa family. However, concludes the author, results of implementations of the Law' in Serbia speaks, on the contrary, that such a teaching is a strange body’ in Serbian culture, society and, consequently, legal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it is aimed to outline “three world theories” of Karl Popper and Jürgen Habermas comparatively. In this context, it is also aimed to assess Habermas’ critics as “positivist” to Karl Popper who is an opponent to positivism inside it and his abstraction on the “three world theory” under the influence of Karl Popper. The differences between their opinions stem from their main arguments about the methodology of natural and social sciences.

The present work aims to analyze in a practical way the methodology for the analysis and identification of gemstones in the Laboratory of Analysis of Gemological Materials (LAMG) and Laboratory of Analysis and Identification of Materials (LAIM) of the Technological Center of Stones, Gems and Jewelry (CTPedras). The technological center has equipament that allows analyse polished and non-polished gems on a non-destructive way, identifying characteristics and physical properties of these materials (density, isotropy, refraction, pleochroism, growth curves and inclusions, cleavage, quality of lapidation, chemical composition, among others. For the following case study, gemstones presented in polished and rough state were ramdonly selected according availability. The tests were performed and the identified physical properties and characteristics for each material were compared with the values indicated by techinical literature about the subject, realizing the identification of each material. It was also clear the importance of the CTPedras laboratories in this context and the affirmation of the motodology used for analysis and identification of gems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Expansion of the agenda-setting theory in information systems on the Web – This article starts from the premise that a considerable part of the interpretations and criticisms of the agenda-setting theory focus on statements about the most general conclusions in agenda- setting research rather than on its fundamentals, limits and conditions of validity. On the other hand, it defends the legitimacy of some criticisms of the theory, more specifically those related to the design of agenda-setting research, the methods whereby it is investigated, and how the relevance (salience) of its themes is presented. In this regard, the intention is to point out how some of these criticisms have been overcome through the systematization of some possibilities for the expansion of the centripetal and centrifugal dimensions of this paradigm when investigated by means of WWW systems and environments.

Cooperative games have acquired importance in the field of educational methodologies because they are a language accessible to young people, prone to working together and solving problems that would be difficult to access individually. This methodology provides the use and learning of common skills and competences jointly, valuing learning with others, however, the design of these games is still emblematic of educators since the field of studies presents only specific actions, especially when we deal with methodologies for game creation. Our objective, with this study, is to contribute to the methodological field, providing a tool experimented by the LIJC - UFCA, in the design of cooperative games, that structures and interrelates the creative process of decision making. This research uses a bibliographic study that permeates both article and the metod proposal, this study is exploratories research and a game production experience report, a product refined by the project and applied to participants from different institutions. This work resulted in an activity of a playful character, full of meanings and structured in concepts such as horizontal education, learning with others, mutual respect and dialogical; where we conclude that for the success of a method, the conceptual contribution and experimentation must be allied, without forgetting the primacy of the sense of an integral education of the human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of Qur'an will always relate or have some correlation to the development of a human’s life. As stated by Umar ibn Khathab, "I go out from Qur'an in order to return to it." It means we must apply a contextual approach and not just textual to substantially understand Qur'an. In the middle of this pluralistic society, Sya'rawi was born. His consistency in explaining Qur'an with the Qur'an itself, expresses a realization in his perspective that the most accurate method in explaining the Qur'an is by using the Qur'an itself (al-Qur’an yufassiru ba’duhu ba’dhan). By using adabi and i’jazi methods in interpretating Qur'an, it is hoped to be a solution for these issues, so Qur'an and Islam will always be as shâlih likulli zamân wa al-makân.

Peace education is very important in our lives, prepare us to be peacemakers, in a problematic world, with high manifestations of different ways of violence. The principles of peace education must be fundamental part of the practice in education, in all systems and it methodology must be known and applied, in order to reach the goal not only of the curriculums, even more the goals of the integral and humanist education. In educative Mexican context, we can see a progress in the implementation of peace education.

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri CBS ; konum ve konuma bağlıher türlü bilgiyi içerebilen, güçlü veri tabanıolan bir sistemdir. CBS aynızamanda bu verileri coğrafyanın bilimsel ilkelerine bağlıolarak grafik, profil, istatistik, harita, üç boyutlu görüntü vb. şekillerdeki analizler ile işleyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, CBS yöntemi, coğrafyanın temelini oluşturan fiziki coğrafyanın özelliklerini yansıtmak amacıyla ele alınmıştır. CBS ile oluşturulan “Sayısal Yükselti Modeli” sayesinde havzanın, belirli bölümlerinin yükselti, eğim ve bakıözellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Havza alanıve karstik havza sınırıen doğru biçimde belirlenmiştir. Çeşitli analizler ile havzadaki farklıvadi tipleri, drenaj şekilleri, akarsuyun boyuna ve enine profilleri, ana akarsu ve kollarının uzunluklarıortaya konulmuştur. Akarsu şebekesinin kuruluşunda ve kaynakların dağılışında topoğrafya ve jeolojik yapının etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Havzanın gelişiminde etkili olan fayların ve sürüklenim alanlarının uzunluklarıile litolojik yapının özellikleri, dağlık, platoluk, tepelik sahaların kapladıklarıalanlar ile yükselti ve eğim özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Şahit tepe, sırt, amfiteatr oluşum, ovalık saha, falez, gömük menderes, kıyıtopoğrafyası, karstik alan, dolin, obruk, mağara, traverten sahası, toprak ve bitki örtüsüne ait özellikler; belirlenmiştir. Aynızamanda bu şekillerin oluşumlarında; yükselti, eğim, bakı, topoğrafya, jeolojik yapı, hidrografik yapıve iklim etkisi irdelenmiştir. Bu araştırma ile CBS yönteminin, fiziki coğrafya alanına sunduğu imkânlar ana hatlarıile belirlenmiş, CBS’nin, coğrafya biliminin ele aldığıproblemlere etkili çözümler sunabileceği belirlenmiştir. Coğrafyanın, CBS teknolojisi ile elde edilecek bilimsel verileri, günlük yaşama kolaylıkla aktararak günlük yaşamda da kullanımıartan bir bilim haline geleceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

En este artículo analizo las diferentes estrategias del positivismo jurídico -especialmente, las relacionadas con el PostSCript de Herbert Hart- para defenderse de los argumentos que Ronald Dworkin ha venido utilizando desde hace más de treinta años. En oposición al abandono de la disputa metodológica que propone Liam Murphy, muestro que la discusión conceptual y metodológica es urgente y vital para los propios intereses teóricos dworkinianos.In this article I analyse different strategies of defence -derived from Hart's PostScript- used by the legal positivists against the numerous objections made by Ronald Dworkin. Against the abandonment of the dispute proposed by Liam Murphy, I show that the methodological and conceptual discussion between Dworkin and legal positivism is vital for the dworkinian theoretical purposes.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da presença de cinco íons em uma calda de pulverização contendo o surfatante Aterbane. A tensão superficial foi analisada por meio da medição da massa de um conjunto de 25 gotas, com quatro repetições constituindo um tratamento. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, os tratamentos foram combinados em esquema fatorial 9x5x2, sendo nove concentrações do surfatante Aterbane (0,01; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1; 2; e 3%), cinco íons (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ e Zn+++) e duas concentrações desses elementos (10 e 100 ppm). Na segunda etapa, os tratamentos foram combinados em esquema fatorial 5x5x1, utilizandose os mesmos cinco elementos (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ e Zn+++), em cinco concentrações (1, 5, 20, 50 e 200 ppm), com apenas uma concentração do surfatante Aterbane (0,025%). Outros nove tratamentos permitiram avaliar as tensões superficiais das concentrações do surfatante (0,01; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1; 2; e 3%) sem a adição dos íons. Os resultados mostraram que houve interferência dos íons sobre as soluções, já que, com exceção do Fe+++ (na concentração de 10 e 100 ppm) e do Cu+++ (na concentração de 100 ppm), todos os íons reduziram a tensão mínima alcançada e aumentaram a eficiência do surfatante, implicando benefícios à ação do surfatante e sobre as características de possíveis soluções de aplicação. Todos os íons avaliados promoveram reduções nas tensões superficiais de soluções do surfatante na concentração de 0,025%.The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of 5 ions on a spray solution containing the surfactant aterbane. Surface tension was analyzed by measuring the mass of a set of 25 drops, with four repetitions constituting a treatment. The work was divided in two stages. In the first, the treatments were arranged in a 9x5x2 factorial design, nine Aterbane concentrations (0.01; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2; and 3%) and five ions (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ and Zn+++) at 2 concentrations (10 and 100 ppm). In the second stage, the treatments were arranged in a 5x5x1 factorial design using the same five elements (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ and Zn+++) at 5 concentrations (1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) with only one surfactant concentration (0.025%). Nine other treatments allowed to evaluate the surface tensions of the surfactant concentrations without ion addition. The results showed that the ions interfered in the solutions, except for Fe (at concentration of 10 and 100 ppm) and Cu (at concentration of 100 ppm), since all ions reduced the minimum tension reached and increased surfactant effectiveness, enhancing surfactant action and the characteristics of possible application solutions. All ions evaluated reduced the surface tensions of the surfactant solutions at a concentration of 0.025%.

A utilização de modelo conceitual na Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem permite o desenvolvimento de ações fundamentadas em um referencial teórico que possa guiar a implantação e implementação do processo de enfermagem nas unidades hospitalares. Desta forma discute-se neste artigo a escolha do modelo conceitual de Horta na construção de um sistema de assistência de enfermagem em Unidade de Reabilitação de um hospital público do Distrito Federal. Através da utilização deste referencial teórico foi possível confeccionar o instrumento de coleta de dados baseado nas necessidades humanas básicas. A identificação destas necessidades possibilitou a construção da pirâmide hierarquizada das necessidades básicas alteradas em pacientes neurológicos. Através deste referencial pretende-se elaborar a prescrição e evolução de enfermagem fundamentados nos conceitos e significados do processo de enfermagem de Horta, possibilitando o inter-relacionamento de todas as fases que compõem esta metodologia de assistência.La utilización del modelo conceptual en la Sistematización de la Asistencia de Enfermería permite el desarrollo de acciones fundamentadas en un referencial teórico que pueda guiar la implantación e implementación del proceso de enfermería en las unidades hospitalarias. De esta forma se discute en este artículo la elección del modelo conceptual de Horta en la construcción de un sistema de asistencia de enfermería en la Unidad de Rehabilitación de un hospital público del Distrito Federal. A través de la utilización de este referencial teórico fue posible confeccionar el instrumento de colecta de datos basado en las necesidades humanas básicas. La identificación de estas necesidades posibilitó la construcción de la pirámide jerarquizada de las necesidades básicas alteradas en pacientes neurológicos. A través de este referencial se pretende elaborar la prescripción y evolución de la enfermería fundamentados en los conceptos y significados del proceso de enfermería de Horta, posibilitando el inter-relacionamento de todas las fases que componen esta metodología de asistencia.The utilization of a conceptual model in the Nursing Attendance Systemization allows the development of activities based on theoretical references that can guide the implantation and the implementation of nursing proceedings in hospitals. In this article we examine the option made for the implementation of the Horta's conceptual model in the construction of a nursing attendance system in the Rehabilitation Unit of a public hospital located in the Federal District of Brazil. Through the utilization of these theoretical references it was possible to make available a data collection tool based on the basic human needs. The identification of these needs made possible the construction of the hierarchically disposed pyramid of the neurological patients' modified basic needs. Through this reference paper we intend to elaborate the prescription and nursing evolution based in the concepts and standards of the Horta's nursing process, making possible the inter-relationship of all phases of this attendance methodology.

The research results of the main sources of law of the European Union and Ukraine in the field of waste were presented in the article. The comparative analysis of wastes classification procedure to hazardous in the European legislation and in the existing environmental legislation of Ukraine was carried out. A unified national approach to the classification procedure of each particular type of wastes to hazardous harmonized with the requirements of European legislation for wastes was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meaning (notion) of criminalistics as a branch of the science is different in our world. Specially different in the Continental and in the Anglo-Saxon (common-law) system. The study shows and analyses the classic and the modern interpretation of criminalistics and forensic sciences. In the second part you can find a conceptual-theoretical modell of the system of criminalistics and its contacts with other (criminal, "cross-section" and social) disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical issues facing the construction industry, can only be overcome with a policy of actions and strategies that should be shared and implemented by all stakeholders interested in fostering innovation, that is the driving force of growth. Our role is to envisage new forms of innovation that might affect the “way” we conceive and design buildings as well the “way” we manage processes, enhancing the methodology and the means that have always been at the core of technological culture. In this context, it is interesting to evaluate the multidisciplinary digital design that the American group ADITAZZ has developed for a recent International Competition, sponsored by Kaiser Permanente. Aditazz Realization Platform (ARP) has allowed to produce multi-aggregation scenarios to meet the criteria of the Competition. This design, based on a digital and multidisciplinary culture is of great interest for the potentials of contemporary technology.