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tement of the Problem: Due to the unfavorable properties of eugenol, the eugenol content can be reduced to improve the properties of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) by making a new combination of nanocurcumin called curcumin pulpal paste (CPP).Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the solubility and tooth discoloration of three concentrations of CPP compared to ZOE, and Metapex.Materials and Method: In this in vitro study for evaluating of the solubility, five groups including ZOE, Metapex, and three concentrations of CPP (5%, 10%, and 20%) were tested. For evaluating the solubility, the changes in of the weight of samples were measured at 1, 3, 7 and 30 days after initial setting. In order to evaluate the tooth discoloration, 75 bovine maxillary anterior teeth were filled with one of five pulpal pastes. The changes in tooth color were evaluated at 1 hour, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after material placement.Results: The solubility increased by increasing the nano-curcumin percentage in CPPs. After 30 days, the solubility of the 5%CPP, and ZOE was not significantly different (p= 1.000). According to the colorimetric test, after 3 months, the highest discoloration was recorded for 20%CPP (8.45), and the smallest discoloration was registered for Metapex (4.06). The discoloration of 5%CPP, and 10% CPP was similar to ZOE’s color change (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the solubility of pulpal paste has increased with increasing curcumin concentrations. Therefore, pulpal paste with different nanocurcumin concentrations can be used considering the patient's age and the desired time of deciduous tooth loss, and dissolution of pulpal paste. Concerning the discoloration after 3 months, Metapex was the best material and the most discoloration rate was related to 20%CPP, and there was no difference between the 5% CPP, and 10% CPP with ZOE.

The study aims to assess clinically and radiographically the success of zinc oxide eugenol, metapex, and endoflas as root canal obturating materials in primary teeth over 3, 6, and 9 months of time intervals. The randomized controlled trial was performed in 60 primary molars of 36 children aged between 4 and 9 years. Permanent restorations were given and stainless steel crowns were placed for the treated tooth. Comparing the survival proportion between the three groups was done using the Wilcoxon (Gehans) statistical test. The clinical survival variable showed 100% survival proportion for zinc oxide eugenol and endoflas, while for metapex it was 69% at the end of 9 months. The radiographical survival proportion was 100% for zinc oxide eugenol, followed by endoflas at 92% and 58% for metapex group.

Statement of the Problem: Due to the unfavorable properties of eugenol, the eugenol content can be reduced to improve the properties of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) by making a new combination of nanocurcumin called curcumin pulpal paste (CPP). Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the solubility and tooth discoloration of three concentrations of CPP compared to ZOE, and Metapex. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study for evaluating of the solubility, five groups including ZOE, Metapex, and three concentrations of CPP (5%, 10%, and 20%) were tested. For evaluating the solubility, the changes in of the weight of samples were measured at 1, 3, 7 and 30 days after initial setting. In order to evaluate the tooth discoloration, 75 bovine maxillary anterior teeth were filled with one of five pulpal pastes. The changes in tooth color were evaluated at 1 hour, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after material placement. Results: The solubility increased by increasing the nano-curcumin percentage in CPPs. After 30 days, the solubility of the 5%CPP, and ZOE was not significantly different (p= 1.000). According to the colorimetric test, after 3 months, the highest discoloration was recorded for 20% CPP (8.45), and the smallest discoloration was registered for Metapex (4.06). The discoloration of 5% CPP, and 10% CPP was similar to ZOE’s color change (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the solubility of pulpal paste has increased with increasing curcumin concentrations. Therefore, pulpal paste with different nanocurcumin concentrations can be used considering the patient's age and the desired time of deciduous tooth loss, and dissolution of pulpal paste. Concerning the discoloration after 3 months, Metapex was the best material and the most discoloration rate was related to 20% CPP, and there was no difference between the 5% CPP, and 10% CPP with ZOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulpectomy is one of the extensively done procedures in clinical practice, in which the pulp is extirpated, and the canal is filled with an obturating material. Modalities of pulp therapy in primary teeth are subtly different from that of permanent teeth, and so are the obturating materials. Calcium hydroxide has an optimum antimicrobial effect on the root canal of teeth. The success rate for Ca(OH)2-iodoform paste ranges from 84% to 100%. A mixture of calcium hydroxide with iodoform is conventionally used due to its strong antibacterial property, but, high resorptive activity leads to increased periapical radiolucency in the long term. Chitosan, a hydrogel, is antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Aim: To prepare, optimise and characterise novel calcium hydroxide-hydrogel as an obturating material and compare it with conventional calcium hydroxide-iodoform. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study will be carried out at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Chitosan-calcium hydroxide hydrogel will be formulated by soaking commercially available chitosan in 2% acetic acid solution. Calcium hydroxide will be added to this base in different concentrations for each sample and mixed in a magnetic stirrer. Twenty samples of calcium hydroxide-hydrogel will be formulated and divided into three groups with concentration of 0.1, 0.55 and 1% w/v respectively and a control group with calcium hydroxide-iodoform will also be evaluated. Calcium ion release shall be checked through infrared spectroscopy techniques and pH through pH meter at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. To evaluate, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by post- a hog test will be used. Expected Results: Various composition of Calcium hydroxide- hydrogel might prove to be better obturating material when compared to conventional Calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste. Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, Calcium hydroxide-hydrogel can be a potential alternative to the available obturating materials for primary teeth.

Background/purpose: ProRoot MTA, Vitapex, and Metapex are widely used for pulp treatment of primary tooth. The aim of this study was to compare the pulpal responses to ProRoot MTA, Vitapex, and Metapex in a canine model of pulpotomy. Materials and methods: Pulpotomy procedure was performed to 34 teeth (21 incisors and 13 premolars) and ProRoot MTA, Vitapex or Metapex was applicated to artificially exposed pulp tissues. After 13 weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed with hematoxylin-eosin staining for histologic evaluation. All specimens were evaluated in several categorys related to calcific barrier, inflammatory responses and the area of calcific barrier formation was measured. Results: Most of the specimens in the ProRoot MTA group developed a calcific barrier at the pulp amputation site and showed a low level of inflammatory response. However, in comparison to ProRoot MTA group, a small amount of calcific barrier formed in Vitapex and Metapex groups. Conclusion: This in vivo study found that Vitapex and Metapex induced similar pulpal responses but showed poor outcomes compared with using ProRoot MTA. Vitapex and Metapex are therefore not good substitutes for ProRoot MTA in direct pulp capping and pulpotomy.

Background: A successful root canal treatment involves the elimination of microorganisms, and prevents them from reinfecting the root and/or peri-radicular tissues. This can be mainly achieved by efficient cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Due to the complexity of the root canal morphology, hand and rotary files cannot clean areas such as the isthmuses and lateral canals. In such cases, effective irrigation and the use of intracanal medicaments are essential. Medicaments that are applied should be removed before obturation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of three different intracanal medicaments – Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), Odontopaste, and Metapex using a stereomicroscope. Methodology: A total of 45 single-rooted human teeth were selected and decoronated. The root canals were shaped with ProTaper rotary files. The specimens were fixed in modified Eppendorf vials with silicone material. The roots were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups each containing 15 samples based on the intracanal medicament used: TAP, Odontopaste, and Metapex. The root halves were reassembled with sticky wax and remounted in the Eppendorf vial. Each specimen was irrigated with 3% NaOCl and agitated using a passive ultrasonic device. The root segments were disassembled. Digital images were obtained using a stereomicroscope. Results: The data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. There was a statistically significant difference in the remaining intracanal medicament score (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Odontopaste showed the least remaining amount score, whereas TAP and Metapex showed greater retention within the dentin.

Nonvital immature permanent tooth presents several challenges to a clinician in performing conventional endodontic therapy due to the lack of apical constriction and thin root walls. Apexification has been serving as the gold standard therapeutic modality for managing nonvital teeth with wide-open apex. The present case report demonstrates the successful rehabilitation of fractured immature nonvital permanent tooth of a healthy 8.5-year-old male patient by apexification procedure using the premixed mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform with vehicle of silicone oil (Metapex). The dental procedure resulted in favorable treatment outcomes with Frank's Type-1 apical closure of root and optimum periapical healing within comparatively shorter duration. Subsequently, fractured crown was successfully restored for function and esthetics using fiber-reinforced post and core and composite restoration. In follow-up visits, the patient was found asymptomatic and satisfactory with the treatment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparations of calcium hydroxide have widely started to be used in endodontics since 1920. In domestic literature there are not enough data on quality of processing of root canals after temporary sealing by such preparations. In our research we suggest to use for removal of preparations of calcium hydroxide solution for drying and degreasing of root canals. The quality and quantitative evaluation of processing of root canals after temporary sealing by calcium hydroxide on the basis of the data radiological research and data of scanning electronic microscopy were conducted. The results obtained allow to recommend the use of a solution for drying and degreasing of the root canal to remove the drug Hydrol Metapex of the root canal.

Context: This study highlights success rate as well as advantages and disadvantages of single- versus multiple-visit pulpectomy in children. Aims: This study was aimed to compare the success rate of single- and multiple-visit pulpectomy in primary teeth with apical periodontitis. Settings and Design: It was a randomized, double-blind study. The study was conducted in children with one or more restorable sixty primary molars with deep carious lesions and requiring pulpectomy in the age group of 4–8 years. Subjects and Methods: Selected teeth were divided into two groups of thirty each and treated either in single visit or multiple visits. Follow-up was done at the period of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and evaluated using Gutmann criteria. Statistical Analysis Used: The normality of data was checked by Shapiro–Wilk test. Intragroup comparison was made by using Friedman test and post hoc-Wilcoxon test. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for inter group comparison. Results: Clinical and radiographical success for both group showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement when the baseline score (preoperative) was compared with other time intervals. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was obtained when clinical outcome was compared between two groups. Although radiographical success for multiple-visit group is slightly more than the single-visit group at all time intervals, statistically it was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Single-visit can be considered a viable alternative to multiple-visit pulpectomy considering its various advantages, especially in children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate, radiographically zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste, metapex, and Alo vera gel with zinc oxide powder as root canal filling material in primary teeth. Methodology: In the present study, pulpectomies were performed on 51 primary second molar in 55 children, aged between 4 and 9 years, of these, 24 children were randomly divided into three groups of 17 teeth each selected for endodontic treatment. Obturation was done with a mixture of ZOE paste, metapex and A. vera gel with ZOE powder. Clinical, radiographic evaluation was done after 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Cochran's Q-test, and the value of P was set at 0.05. Results: The three pastes achieved convergent clinical and radiographic success within the three observation periods (P > 0.05). ZOE paste was the slowest in its resorption. Conclusion: Zinc oxide powder with A. vera gel can be used as alternatives to ZOE and metapex.

Aims This study compares three obturation techniques (rotary lentulo spiral, handheld lentulo spiral, and pressure syringe) for the quality of two filling pastes (zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste and Metapex (Meta Biomed Co., Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea). Methods and materials Sixty extracted primary canines were instrumented and obturated by filling materials. The obturation techniques were divided into three groups according to different obturation techniques. Obturation quality was evaluated for length, density, and presence of voids by using digital radiography. Results This study showed that the handheld lentulo spiral technique using Metapex and ZOE exhibited more optimal fillings for obturation length. The highest density obturation was achieved using the syringe injection approach with Metapex and ZOE. The highest incidence of both external and internal voids was observed in the group using ZOE with the handheld lentulo spiral technique Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, for both filling materials, the handheld lentulo spiral technique had the greatest number of optimal lengths but there were also more voids., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Ethics Committee of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia issued approval E-22-6862. Under research number E-22-6862, the Ethics Committee of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, accepted the study protocol of the College of Dentistry Research Center. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Almutairi et al.)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rates of 3Mixtatin and Modified 3Mix-MP paste and compare it with conventional root canal treatment procedure in primary molars requiring pulpectomy. Materials and Methods: In this in vivo study, 66 primary molars in 52 children aged between 4 and 8 years with primary molars having chronic periapical abscess were treated randomly with 3Mixtatin, Modified 3Mix-MP paste, and Metapex. The subjects were reviewed at 6 and 12 months both clinically and radiographically after pulpal therapy to evaluate and compare the healing process. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: By the end of 12-month follow-up among the three groups, Group I seemed to be performing consistently better as compared to the other two groups when evaluated clinically and radiographically. However, Group III resulted in the greatest number of failures, with success rate being mere 42.9% at the end of follow-up period. Conclusion: Radiographic and clinical healing occurred in all the three groups; however, based on our results, Group I seemed to be performing consistently better among the three groups at 12-month follow-up. Hence, it can be inferred that 3Mixtatin used as a localized agent is effective and comparable to both Modified 3Mix-MP paste and conventional pulpectomy procedure involving calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste in primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ProRoot MTA, Vitapex, and Metapex are widely used for pulp treatment of primary tooth. The aim of this study was to compare the pulpal responses to ProRoot MTA, Vitapex, and Metapex in a canine model of pulpotomy. Pulpotomy procedure was performed to 34 teeth (21 incisors and 13 premolars) and ProRoot MTA, Vitapex or Metapex was applicated to artificially exposed pulp tissues. After 13 weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed with hematoxylin-eosin staining for histologic evaluation. All specimens were evaluated in several categorys related to calcific barrier, inflammatory responses and the area of calcific barrier formation was measured. Most of the specimens in the ProRoot MTA group developed a calcific barrier at the pulp amputation site and showed a low level of inflammatory response. However, in comparison to ProRoot MTA group, a small amount of calcific barrier formed in Vitapex and Metapex groups. This in vivo study found that Vitapex and Metapex induced similar pulpal responses but showed poor outcomes compared with using ProRoot MTA. Vitapex and Metapex are therefore not good substitutes for ProRoot MTA in direct pulp capping and pulpotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A successful root canal treatment involves the elimination of microorganisms, and prevents them from reinfecting the root and/or peri-radicular tissues. This can be mainly achieved by efficient cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Due to the complexity of the root canal morphology, hand and rotary files cannot clean areas such as the isthmuses and lateral canals. In such cases, effective irrigation and the use of intracanal medicaments are essential. Medicaments that are applied should be removed before obturation.Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of three different intracanal medicaments - Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), Odontopaste, and Metapex using a stereomicroscope.Methodology: A total of 45 single-rooted human teeth were selected and decoronated. The root canals were shaped with ProTaper rotary files. The specimens were fixed in modified Eppendorf vials with silicone material. The roots were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups each containing 15 samples based on the intracanal medicament used: TAP, Odontopaste, and Metapex..: The root halves were reassembled with sticky wax and remounted in the Eppendorf vial. Each specimen was irrigated with 3% NaOCl and agitated using a passive ultrasonic device. The root segments were disassembled. Digital images were obtained using a stereomicroscope.Results: The data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. There was a statistically significant difference in the remaining intracanal medicament score (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Odontopaste showed the least remaining amount score, whereas TAP and Metapex showed greater retention within the dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drying the root canals in pulp therapy is often ignored, but is essential for a successful clinical outcome. The conventional method used for drying root canals is by the use of paper points, but recently, various other methods have also been employed for this purpose. Aim: The purpose of this study was to volumetrically analyze root canal fillings in deciduous teeth, after using different canal-drying methods namely 95% ethanol, CANAL CLEAN (Cerkamed Medical Company), and Endo-Aspirator (Cerkamed Medical Company), and compare with the conventional paper point drying method. Methodology: Access cavities were prepared on eighty extracted primary canines, and irrigation was done with 1% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline while enlarging the canals. The specimens were then scanned using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and preobturation volume (X) of each tooth was measured. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups – Group 1 – Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) group and Group 2 – Metapex group. Each group was further divided randomly into four subgroups based on the drying agent used – Subgroup A – Control group, Subgroup B – 95% ethanol group, Subgroup C – CANAL CLEAN group, and Subgroup D – Endo-Aspirator group. After obturation, a second CBCT was taken to measure the postobturation volume (Y). The percentage of obturated volume was calculated by the following formula: (postobturation volume/preobturation volume) ×100 ([Y/X] ×100). Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA test and unpaired t-test. Results: A significantly high postobturation volume was seen after using 95% ethanol followed by CANAL CLEAN, Endo-Aspirator, and paper points. On comparing the obturation volumes within Metapex and ZOE groups, Metapex group had significantly high obturation volumes irrespective of the drying method used. Conclusion: 95% ethanol is the best intracanal drying agent as it provides optimum pupal obturation.

Purpose: To assess retrospectively the success rate of calcium hydroxide with iodoform as a filling material in pulpectomies of primary molars with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis, and to evaluate factors that affect outcomes. Methods: This study consisted of records of 73 patients with primary molars treated with pulpectomy with high quality radiographs. Treatment was considered successful clinically if the tooth was not extracted and radiographs showed a decrease or no change in preexisting pathologic radiolucent defects. Results: Follow-up ranged from three to 39 months (median: 21.5 months). The success rate of teeth restored with a stainless steel crown (SSC) on the same appointment (88.9 percent) was higher than for teeth that received a temporary restoration (P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the success rate and the extent of resorption of root canal filling material. Primary second molars had a higher success rate than first molars (P=0.018). No difference was found between the level of pulpectomy filling and treatment success (P=0.17). Conclusion: Pulpectomies done with calcium hydroxide and iodoform had an overall success rate of 74 percent. If restored with an SSC, the success rate increased to 88.9 percent. Resorption of the paste did not affect the success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal effect of BioPure MTAD, Metapex and aztreonam against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and method: The testing of the antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of selected medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans was done by the agar disc-diffusion method. Pre-sterilised Whatman paper discs, 6 mm in diameter and soaked with the test solution, were prepared and placed onto the previously seeded agar petri plates. Each plate was incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. A zone of inhibition was recorded for each plate and the results were analysed statistically. Saline and ethanol were used as control groups in this study. Results: BioPure MTAD was effective against all the test microorganisms with a substantial zone of inhibition. Saline and ethanol used as controls were ineffective. Metapex and aztreonam showed a significantly larger average zone of inhibition against E. faecalis, but were not effective against C. albicans. Conclusions: BioPure MTAD was found to be superior in its antimicrobial and antifungal abilities compared with the other irrigants used. When Metapex and aztreonam were compared, Metapex showed a greater antimicrobial effect, but both failed to show any antifungal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: This study highlights success rate as well as advantages and disadvantages of single-versus multiple-visit pulpectomy in children. Aims: This study was aimed to compare the success rate of single-and multiple-visit pulpectomy in primary teeth with apical periodontitis. Settings and Design: It was a randomized, double-blind study. The study was conducted in children with one or more restorable sixty primary molars with deep carious lesions and requiring pulpectomy in the age group of 4-8 years. Subjects and Methods: Selected teeth were divided into two groups of thirty each and treated either in single visit or multiple visits. Follow-up was done at the period of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and evaluated using Gutmann criteria. Statistical Analysis Used: The normality of data was checked by Shapiro- Wilk test. Intragroup comparison was made by using Friedman test and post hoc-Wilcoxon test. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for inter group comparison. Results: Clinical and radiographical success for both group showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement when the baseline score (preoperative) was compared with other time intervals. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was obtained when clinical outcome was compared between two groups. Although radiographical success for multiple-visit group is slightly more than the single-visit group at all time intervals, statistically it was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Single-visit can be considered a viable alternative to multiple-visit pulpectomy considering its various advantages, especially in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief Background: A tooth with Blunderbuss canal andperiapical lesion is difficult to treat by traditional root canal procedures. The dentinal wall surrounding the Blunderbuss canal is very thin, fragile and prone to fracture with a slight blow/trauma. Therefore, a new strategy is required to treat such a case. Materials and Methods: Canal was cleaned and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 0.2% Chlorhexidine. It was temporized with Ca(OH)2 for one week to obtain canal disinfection. After one week, Ca(OH)2 was removed from the canal with asterilized file and rinsed out with the help of saline. A 2-3mm thick Metapex layer was placed at the apical region of 11,followed by an MTA layer, once the apical MTA layer obtained sufficient strength; the rest of the canal was filled with MTA. Discussion: This new treatment procedure not only closes the open root apices but also provides strength to the dentinal wall. Metapex -MTA combination provides advantages of both the materials; like calcium hydroxide of Metapex stimulates odontoblast of residual apical pulp and MTA stimulates cementoblast cells to bring about root apex closure. Summary and Conclusions: Two year follow-up &a positive clinical outcome of this case were encouraging for the use of Metapex-MTA coating as an apical plug. The rest of the canal was filled with MTA to strengthen and supports the thin dentinal wall for better compliance withthe occlusal forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate, radiographically zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste, metapex, and Alo vera gel with zinc oxide powder as root canal filling material in primary teeth. Methodology: In the present study, pulpectomies were performed on 51 primary second molar in 55 children, aged between 4 and 9 years, of these, 24 children were randomly divided into three groups of 17 teeth each selected for endodontic treatment. Obturation was done with a mixture of ZOE paste, metapex and A. vera gel with ZOE powder. Clinical, radiographic evaluation was done after 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Cochran's Q-test, and the value of P was set at 0.05. Results: The three pastes achieved convergent clinical and radiographic success within the three observation periods (P > 0.05). ZOE paste was the slowest in its resorption. Conclusion: Zinc oxide powder with A. vera gel can be used as alternatives to ZOE and metapex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of root canal filling on the bond strength of three intracanal posts in the primary incisors. Materials and Methods: Sixty primary incisors were prepared and then divided into two groups (n = 30). The first group canals obturated with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Group 2 canals obturated with Metapex. Further, the two group categories were divided into three subgroups (n = 10): (1) short composite post (SCP), (2) glass fiber posts (GFPs) cemented with flowable composite, and (3) GFP with glass ionomer cement (GFP + GIC). The push-out test was performed with a universal testing machine. The results were statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance.(α = 0.05). Results: The mean bond strength of the first group obturated with ZOE was lower than that of the second group obturated with Metapex (P = 0.046). Moreover, from a statistical point of view, in all three subgroups, the correlation of mean push-out bond strength between SCP and GFP coated with flowable composite was not substantial at P = 0.97. However, the mean bond strength of SCP was in fact significantly greater than that of the GFP coated with GIC since P = 0.034. Conclusion: Using ZOE resulted in the significant reduction of the mean bond strength of the intracanal posts when utilized in the primary anterior teeth. Likewise, SCP and GFP coated with flowable composite showed higher push-out bond strengths for restoring primary anterior teeth.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm action of chitosan nanoparticles when used in combination with Metapex (A calcium hydroxide and iodoform based sealer which is most commonly used in children) on the planktonic and biofilm states of the most commonly present gram negative bacteria in the root canals of primary and permanent teeth- E.fecalis. Methods and Results: E. Fecalis was subjected to investigations in both planktonic and biofilm states of the bacteria, and the corresponding antibacterial and antibiofilm action was investigated. The test sample was investigated using different concentrations of the nanoparticles and metapex in combination. The results showed that chitosan nanoparticles exhibits abundant bacteriostatic effect on planktonic growth and biofilm formation of E.fecalis in a concentration dependent manner but its bactericidal effect is less pronounced. Polystyrene discs were coated with chitosan nanoparticles and metapex in various concentrations and was found to reduce both early biofilm formation and late biofilm formation (7 days) which was confirmed by fluorescence scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles when added to Metapex, a root canal sealant has excellent bacrteriostatic effect against E.fecalis and that the action is dependent on the amount of chitosan added. In addition, they have immediate and late antibiofilm action. Significance of the study: Chitosan can have an effective impact against E.Fecalis bacteria when used along with Metapex, commonly used root canal sealant in pediatric teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drying the root canals in pulp therapy is often ignored, but is essential for a successful clinical outcome. The conventional method used for drying root canals is by the use of paper points, but recently, various other methods have also been employed for this purpose. Aim: The purpose of this study was to volumetrically analyze root canal fillings in deciduous teeth, after using different canal-drying methods namely 95% ethanol, CANAL CLEAN (Cerkamed Medical Company), and Endo-Aspirator (Cerkamed Medical Company), and compare with the conventional paper point drying method. Methodology: Access cavities were prepared on eighty extracted primary canines, and irrigation was done with 1% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline while enlarging the canals. The specimens were then scanned using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and preobturation volume (X) of each tooth was measured. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups – Group 1 – Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) group and Group 2 – Metapex group. Each group was further divided randomly into four subgroups based on the drying agent used – Subgroup A – Control group, Subgroup B – 95% ethanol group, Subgroup C – CANAL CLEAN group, and Subgroup D – Endo-Aspirator group. After obturation, a second CBCT was taken to measure the postobturation volume (Y). The percentage of obturated volume was calculated by the following formula: (postobturation volume/preobturation volume) ×100 ([Y/X] ×100). Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA test and unpaired t-test. Results: A significantly high postobturation volume was seen after using 95% ethanol followed by CANAL CLEAN, Endo-Aspirator, and paper points. On comparing the obturation volumes within Metapex and ZOE groups, Metapex group had significantly high obturation volumes irrespective of the drying method used. Conclusion: 95% ethanol is the best intracanal drying agent as it provides optimum pupal obturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rates of 3Mixtatin and Modified 3Mix-MP paste and compare it with conventional root canal treatment procedure in primary molars requiring pulpectomy. Materials and Methods: In this in vivo study, 66 primary molars in 52 children aged between 4 and 8 years with primary molars having chronic periapical abscess were treated randomly with 3Mixtatin, Modified 3Mix-MP paste, and Metapex. The subjects were reviewed at 6 and 12 months both clinically and radiographically after pulpal therapy to evaluate and compare the healing process. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: By the end of 12-month follow-up among the three groups, Group I seemed to be performing consistently better as compared to the other two groups when evaluated clinically and radiographically. However, Group III resulted in the greatest number of failures, with success rate being mere 42.9% at the end of follow-up period. Conclusion: Radiographic and clinical healing occurred in all the three groups; however, based on our results, Group I seemed to be performing consistently better among the three groups at 12-month follow-up. Hence, it can be inferred that 3Mixtatin used as a localized agent is effective and comparable to both Modified 3Mix-MP paste and conventional pulpectomy procedure involving calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste in primary teeth.

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of root canal filling on the bond strength of three intracanal posts in the primary incisors. Materials and Methods: Sixty primary incisors were prepared and then divided into two groups (n = 30). The first group canals obturated with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Group 2 canals obturated with Metapex. Further, the two group categories were divided into three subgroups (n = 10): (1) short composite post (SCP), (2) glass fiber posts (GFPs) cemented with flowable composite, and (3) GFP with glass ionomer cement (GFP + GIC). The push-out test was performed with a universal testing machine. The results were statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance.(α = 0.05). Results: The mean bond strength of the first group obturated with ZOE was lower than that of the second group obturated with Metapex (P = 0.046). Moreover, from a statistical point of view, in all three subgroups, the correlation of mean push-out bond strength between SCP and GFP coated with flowable composite was not substantial at P = 0.97. However, the mean bond strength of SCP was in fact significantly greater than that of the GFP coated with GIC since P = 0.034. Conclusion: Using ZOE resulted in the significant reduction of the mean bond strength of the intracanal posts when utilized in the primary anterior teeth. Likewise, SCP and GFP coated with flowable composite showed higher push-out bond strengths for restoring primary anterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to assess clinically and radiographically the success of zinc oxide eugenol, metapex, and endoflas as root canal obturating materials in primary teeth over 3, 6, and 9 months of time intervals. The randomized controlled trial was performed in 60 primary molars of 36 children aged between 4 and 9 years. Permanent restorations were given and stainless steel crowns were placed for the treated tooth. Comparing the survival proportion between the three groups was done using the Wilcoxon (Gehans) statistical test. The clinical survival variable showed 100% survival proportion for zinc oxide eugenol and endoflas, while for metapex it was 69% at the end of 9 months. The radiographical survival proportion was 100% for zinc oxide eugenol, followed by endoflas at 92% and 58% for metapex group., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Metapex as root canal filling material in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Forty-two necrotic primary teeth in two groups of children in the age group of 4−7 years were obturated with ZOE and Metapex and were followed up clinically and radiographically for a period of 6 months postoperatively. Results: The overall success rates of ZOE and Metapex were 85.71% and 90.48%, respectively. Conclusion: Both ZOE and Metapex gave encouraging results; however, Metapex can be used more safely whenever there is a doubt about the patient′s return for follow-up.

The aim was to evaluate treatment outcomes after apicoectomy and apexification in adjacent non-vital maxillary central incisors with large periapical radiolucencies, in a 10-year-old boy. The patient had complained of tenderness in the upper central incisors on mastication and gave a history of trauma to those teeth three years ago. On examination, there were found to be non-vital. Apexification (using Metapex) and apicoectomy (obturation with gutta percha) were performed on 11 and 21, respectively. Radiographical observations were made six months, one year and two years, post-operatively. Apical repair was found to be more favorable after apicoectomy than apexification, for a non-vital maxillary central incisor with an open apex and large periapical radiolucency.

Aim: To compare the clinical and radiographic success of polyantibiotic paste and Metapex for pulp therapy of primary molars. Methods: A prospective single-blind randomized design comprising a total of thirty pulpally involved primary molars from 27 healthy children aged 3-8 years and were treated with Group A (containing Neosporine, Bacitrecin Polymyxin B; Ornidazole, Nodifloxacin) and Group B. For polyantibiotic paste LSTR ('Lesion sterilization and tissue repair therapy) was used and for Metapex conventional pulpectomy method was used. The outcome was compared using a Z-test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Group A and Group B showed 100% and 96% clinical success respectively after 3 months. Considering the radiographic findings at the end of 3months, no statistically significant difference (P=0.36665) was found between the two groups. Conclusions: It can be concluded that both polyantibiotic paste and Metapex can be used as a medicament for pulp therapy in primary teeth with poor prognosis. However, long term clinical studies should be carried out to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the material used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of treatment of non-vital teeth with blunderbuss canals is to induce apical closure of the roots against which an obturating material can be placed. The treatment of choice for such teeth is apexification. This paper discusses the case of a 14-yearold boy who complained of tenderness in his left upper central incisor and gave a history of trauma 5 years back. On clinical and radiographic examination, the tooth was found to be discolored with large periapical radiolucency. Apexification was performed on the tooth, and regular radiographs were taken at 1, 3 and 6 months to check for apical closure. The complete apical closure was seen at the end of 6 months with complete resolution of the periapical radiolucency. This case report highlights the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide in creating an antibacterial field at the apical end of the tooth and thereby helping in continued root development of the apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Any drug or medicinal agent, when implanted into the body, gets biotransformed by various organ systems and the toxic byproducts of this process alter the normal physiological process. In this experimental study, we aimed to quantify the safety of newly formulated primary root canal obturating material by investigating the hematological and biochemical parameters related to liver function. Methodology Forty-eight Wistar rats (weighing 250-350 grams) were classified into three groups (n=16) through random allocation. Preoperative blood samples were collected by puncturing the orbital venous plexus, the values of which were used as control. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), calcium hydroxide iodoform paste (Metapex), and newly formulated triple antibiotic obturating paste (TAOP) were implanted (100 µg) into dorsal connective tissues. Blood samples on the seventh, 15th, and 30th postoperative days were evaluated respectively by analyzing hematological, hepatic, and, renal function tests for acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Results  The intra-group and inter-group comparisons among all the test materials after seven days exhibited high significance in terms of hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), neutrophils, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (p<0.001), while others showed mixed responses (p<0.05 to p>0.05). After 15 days, the comparisons showed high significance with respect to packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), and serum creatinine (p<0.001), while others showed significant to nonsignificant differences (p<0.05 to p>0.05). At the end of 30 days, all the parameters showed mixed responses (p<0.001 to p>0.05). Conclusion The newly formulated obturating material TAOP showed lower adverse hematological, hepatic, and renal effects in experimental animals compared to other test materials, with most parameters reverting to normal after 30 days., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Dahake et al.)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative antibacterial efficacy of Biopure MTAD, Metapex, Metronidazole, and Aztreonam against two obligate anerobic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial efficacy of selected medicaments against two obligate anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis and Propionibacterium acnes was done by Agar disc-diffusion method. Pre-sterilized Whatman paper discs, 6 mm in diameter and soaked with the test solution, were prepared and placed onto the previously seeded agar Petri plates. Each plate was incubated in anaerobic jar for anerobic environment at 37°C for 48 hours. A zone of inhibition was recorded for each plate and the results were analysed statistically. Saline and ethanol used as control group in this study. Results: Biopure MTAD, Metapex and Metronidazole were effective against all the selected microorganisms. Aztreonam was effective against Bacteroides fragilis. Saline and ethanol used as control were ineffective. Conclusions: Metronidazole showed the superior antibacterial property amongst the tested medicaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study compared the efficacy of 10% citric acid, 17% EDTA and 7% maleic acid (MA) with ultrasonic agitation in the removal of calcium hydroxide (CH) from root canals. Methods: Seventy maxillary anterior teeth were enlarged to F3 using protaper files. Teeth were then divided into two groups: A and B. Group A was filled with (CH + iodoform + silicone oil) mixture and group B with CH and propylene glycol (PG). Ten teeth were divided into positive and negative control groups. The volume of CH preparations was estimated using spiral CT. After seven days, teeth in groups A and B were further divided into three subgroups based on irrigants used and CH was retrieved along with ultrasonic agitation. Volume analysis was undertaken using spiral CT. Mean percentage of CH removed was analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. Results: All irrigants removed (CH + PG) completely without any difference between them (p = 0.17). Removal of (CH + iodoform + silicone oil) was significantly higher for MA and citric acid than EDTA (p < 0.001). There was no difference between MA and citric acid. Conclusions: Concentrations of 7% MA and 10% citric acid were found to be superior to 17% EDTA in the removal of (CH + iodoform + silicone oil). (CH + PG) preparation was completely removed by all the irrigants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Metapex as root canal filling material in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Forty-two necrotic primary teeth in two groups of children in the age group of 4-7 years were obturated with ZOE and Metapex and were followed up clinically and radiographically for a period of 6 months postoperatively. Results: The overall success rates of ZOE and Metapex were 85.71% and 90.48%, respectively. Conclusion: Both ZOE and Metapex gave encouraging results; however, Metapex can be used more safely whenever there is a doubt about the patient's return for follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to evaluate treatment outcomes after apicoectomy and apexification in adjacent non-vital maxillary central incisors with large periapical radiolucencies, in a 10-year-old boy. The patient had complained of tenderness in the upper central incisors on mastication and gave a history of trauma to those teeth three years ago. On examination, there were found to be non-vital. Apexification (using Metapex) and apicoectomy (obturation with gutta percha) were performed on 11 and 21, respectively. Radiographical observations were made six months, one year and two years, post-operatively. Apical repair was found to be more favorable after apicoectomy than apexification, for a non-vital maxillary central incisor with an open apex and large periapical radiolucency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of curcumin, curcumin and calcium hydroxide in equal proportions and calcium hydroxide as an obturation material compared to curcumin and calcium hydroxidet (Metapex)., Materials and Methods: This study included 64 primary molars with irreversible pulpitis indicated for single visit pulpectomy. After obtaining informed consent from the parents, all the teeth were randomly allocated to one of four groups. Pulpectomy was performed using rubber dam isolation and was obturated. The samples were categorized into the four groups based on obturation material namely, group A: curcumin with calcium hydroxide in equal proportions, group B: curcumin, group C: calcium hydroxide, and group D: Metapex. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at time intervals of 10 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Data was subjected to statistical analysis. Chi-square tests were used compare the groups., Results: At the end of 6 months, clinical and radiographic success rates of groups A, B, and C showed 81.3%, 61.5%, and 93.8%, respectively, while group D had 100% success rate., Conclusion: Among the four groups, the hierarchy of success rates are as follows: Metapex > calcium hydroxide > curcumin and calcium hydroxide > curcumin. However, various formulations and combinations of curcumin can still be extended with larger sample size., Clinical Significance: Curcumin and calcium hydroxide paste can be used as an obturating material with further follow-up studies., How to Cite This Article: Bommareddy CS, Ramkumar H, Dakshinamurthy S, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Curcumin as an Obturation Material in Deciduous Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S35-S39., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Background: A successful root canal treatment involves the elimination of microorganisms, and prevents them from reinfecting the root and/or peri-radicular tissues. This can be mainly achieved by efficient cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Due to the complexity of the root canal morphology, hand and rotary files cannot clean areas such as the isthmuses and lateral canals. In such cases, effective irrigation and the use of intracanal medicaments are essential. Medicaments that are applied should be removed before obturation., Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of three different intracanal medicaments - Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), Odontopaste, and Metapex using a stereomicroscope., Methodology: A total of 45 single-rooted human teeth were selected and decoronated. The root canals were shaped with ProTaper rotary files. The specimens were fixed in modified Eppendorf vials with silicone material. The roots were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups each containing 15 samples based on the intracanal medicament used: TAP, Odontopaste, and Metapex., .: The root halves were reassembled with sticky wax and remounted in the Eppendorf vial. Each specimen was irrigated with 3% NaOCl and agitated using a passive ultrasonic device. The root segments were disassembled. Digital images were obtained using a stereomicroscope., Results: The data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. There was a statistically significant difference in the remaining intracanal medicament score (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Odontopaste showed the least remaining amount score, whereas TAP and Metapex showed greater retention within the dentin., Competing Interests: None

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of calcium hydroxide-iodoform (METAPEX) in one-visit root canal therapy on deciduous teeth and the prevention of endodontic interappointment emergencies (EIAE). METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight deciduous anterior and molar teeth from 178 patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with one-visit root canal therapy of METAPEX (experimental group) and zinc oxide eugenol paste (control group). The data was analyzed by Chi-square text with the SPSS14.0 software package. RESULTS: The rate of EIAE after one- visit root canal therapy in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The METAPEX could reduce the occurrence rate of EIAE in the one -visit root canal therapy on deciduous teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]