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This work introduces a wideband metamaterial (MM) absorber designed to operate effectively across a wide reception angle and be polarization-insensitive within ISM band (2.4 GHz) applications. The proposed absorber unit cell comprises four copper sectors loaded with lumped resistors and a full copper ground plane hosted onto two FR4 substrates. Furthermore, an air layer suspended between the ground plane and a FR4 substrate is applied to achieve wideband absorption. In addition, the simulation results show that particular design factors, such as lumped resistors and unit cell geometry, can be optimized to improve the efficiency of the absorber. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed absorber achieves a wideband absorption, exceeding 90%, over a broad frequency range from 1.94 GHz to 2.98 GHz. The designed absorber was fabricated and tested, and the simulation and measurement results were agreed well.

With increasing penetration of wireless charging technologies comes an ever-rising demand for wireless power transfer (WPT) structures that demonstrate high power transfer and power transfer efficiency (PTE), especially over wide transfer distance. The concern with reliability in adopting wireless charging technologies in consumer and industrial applications (including mobile chargers and dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles, EVs) stems from fluctuating output power and low power transfer efficiency (PTE). Moreover, the inherently high resonant frequency of existing metamaterial (MM)-based WPT designs imposes a high switching stress on power semiconductors and passive components, resulting in high power dissipation, especially in high power applications. This manuscript presents a critical survey of recent studies and developments in MM-based WPT systems. First, the fundamental concepts and classification of WPT technologies based on magnetic resonant coupling (MRC), inductive coupling etc. are discussed. Going forward, key MM design considerations, including resonance operating frequencies, effective permittivity ( $\epsilon _{r}$ ), effective permeability ( $\mu _{r}$ ), numerical modeling, equivalent circuit representations, and 3D fabrication technologies are widely analyzed and critiqued. Additionally, the performance enhancing effect of integrating different MM designs with existing WPT systems are explicitly discussed. Finally, the technical challenges associated with the resonant operating frequencies of MM, miniaturization of MM design footprint, and 3D prototyping are investigated while also presenting potential solutions.

A metamaterial (MM) absorber and its application in liquid sensing are proposed in this article. The unit cell of the sensor structure consists of two quartz substrates with metallic patterns and sheets printed on their surfaces. The liquid tunnel with optimal thickness is created by placing the glass micro-pearls between the quartz substrates. By incorporating dual semitoroidal resonators, the enhanced spectral shift per refractive index unit (RIU) improves the sensitivity of the proposed design effectively, and sensitive frequency detection with 52.50 GHz/RIU is numerically demonstrated. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate its application for determining ethanol and sucrose solutions with different concentrations and three commonly used oils. A good agreement with the experiments and simulations is obtained. In addition, the proposed sensor has the advantages such as compact size, easy fabrication, and reusability, which offers excellent potential in food industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlikely for a far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) system, designing a metasurface is critical for a near-field WPT system. First, a robust near-field WPT system using open-loop spiral resonators and a metasurface are designed, and then, the effectiveness of the metasurface is investigated in improving the power transfer efficiency (PTE) and misalignment effects. Furthermore, a study of planar and angular misalignments is also executed experimentally to prove the WPT system immunity. The proposed WPT system offers a PTE of 30% when the Rx shifts by the lateral length of the Rx that means the Rx does not remain in front of the Tx. Moreover, the efficiency is almost unchanged due to the angular misalignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a simple and accurate microwave extraction procedure for full electromagnetic characterization of $\Omega $ -class bianisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs from normal incidence scattering (S-) parameters using TE1, TE2, and TE3 modes. Its closed-form nature (no need for any numerical analysis and optimization toolbox) and less requirement (a total of seven S-parameters) demonstrate the advantage of our method over other methods in the literature. Our approach was validated and its accuracy was verified by S-parameters, through a full electromagnetic simulation program—CST Microwave Studio, of an edge-coupled $\Omega $ -class split-ring-resonator MM slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the technology of metamaterials (MM) is utilized to build a low radar cross-section (RCS) antenna through absorption MM array for concealment and detection applications. A novel MM unit cell is proposed and designed, and then an array of the proposed MM unit cell is constructed. A patch antenna is designed and implemented with the MM array to construct the whole absorption metamaterial RCS antenna. The designed RCS antenna is tested in two modes, in the transmitting mode, it operates at a specified frequency of 5.8 GHz with high impedance matching, high gain, and high efficiency. In the receiving mode, the antenna can scatter the electromagnetic waves transmitted by other devices at the specified frequency by absorbing them. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, fabricated, and then tested. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has an absorption factor of 99 %, efficiency of exceeds 90 %, reflection coefficient of −36.8 dB and high gain of 6.7 dBi at the designated frequency, which much agrees with the simulation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative refraction has many potential applications in the information and communications technology field. However, the high losses of most negative refraction materials prevent the use of this novel property in the implementation of practical devices in the HF range. In an attempt to overcome this inconvenience, we present two gammadion–fishnet chiral metamaterial structures, constituted by the combination of a lossy chiral metamaterial and different fishnet structures. The electromagnetic characterization of the proposed metamaterials provides a larger bandwidth with negative refraction as well as lower losses when compared with the initial structures. The results were obtained by using both numerical and experimental data, which support our designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a microwave energy reception approach for space solar power satellite applications based on the concept of artificial perfectly matched layer. By embedding rectifying diodes into well-designed metamaterial cells, the obtained rectifying surface simultaneously exhibits a nearly perfect impedance matching to the air and the rectifying circuits, and a strong impedance mismatching to the air at harmonic frequencies, leading to a simple structure that can be implemented using commercial multi-layer printed circuit board technology. The fabricated sample shows that, with a thickness of nearly 1/40 of the free-space wavelength, this rectifying surface has an experimental power absorption rate of 99.92% under normal incident power density of 0.1 \mW/cm^2, and a 56.16-dB suppression to the second-order harmonic. The measured rectifying efficiency complies well with the theoretical expectation. By introducing an additional layer of passive power combiner network, the proposed approach can also be used in applications of harvesting weak ambient RF and microwave energy. We expect a wide range of applications to emerge from this novel concept in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method to tilt the beam of a planar antenna in the E‐plane is demonstrated by implementing a metamaterial (MM) structure onto the antenna substrate at the fifth‐generation (5G) band of 3.5 GHz. The beam tilting is achieved due to the phase change that occurs when the electromagnetic (EM) wave traverses through two media with different refractive indices. A new adjacent square‐shaped resonator (ASSR) structure is proposed to achieve the beam tilting in a dipole antenna. This structure provides a very low loss of −0.2 dB at 3.17 GHz. The simulation and measurement results illustrate that the radiation beam of the dipole antenna is tilted by +25° and −24° depending on the position of the ASSR array onto the dipole antenna substrate. In addition, no degradation in the gain is observed as in the conventional beam‐tilting methods; in fact, gain enhancement values of 3 dB (positive deflection) and 2.7 dB (negative deflection) are obtained compared with that of a dipole antenna with no ASSR array. The reflection coefficient of the dipole antenna with ASSR array has a good agreement with that of the dipole antenna with no ASSR array. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]