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Background: The placement of ligatures in the cervical area of rat molars is considered as a predictable model to induce periodontitis. Objectives: The present explorative study aimed to compare the efficacy of metal wires (MWs), without or with sandblasting, versus silk ligatures (SLs) in inducing periodontal bone loss in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats that received three different types of ligatures (MW, sandblasted wire [SMW], and SL) around their first right mandibular molar, while the contralateral tooth was left without the ligature and served as a control. Bone loss was assessed by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest at the distal aspect of the first molar on central mesiodistal sections generated from micro‐CT scans taken 24 and 35 days after ligature placement. Results: In the SL group, only in two rats the ligatures were retained until the end of the 24‐day period; in all other animals, the ligatures were lost at some time point. In the SMW, the ligatures were retained only for the 24‐day period. In the MW group, no ligatures were lost. Irrespective of the group or experimental period, the difference in the crestal bone level between ligated and control teeth was in most cases z < 0.20 mm, that is, in 19 out of 25 pairs of teeth. In a few cases, the bone crest was more apically located at the control teeth compared to the ligated ones (four cases each, during both 24‐ and 35‐day experimental periods). Conclusions: Bone loss was minimal during the experimental period, with no significant differences between the test and control teeth, or among the three types of ligatures. MWs, not even roughened, do not seem to be a better alternative to SLs for inducing bone loss in the experimental periodontitis model in the rat. This assumption, however, has to be confirmed in a larger, well‐powered study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background The placement of ligatures in the cervical area of rat molars is considered as a predictable model to induce periodontitis. Objectives The present explorative study aimed to compare the efficacy of metal wires (MWs), without or with sandblasting, versus silk ligatures (SLs) in inducing periodontal bone loss in rats. Materials and Methods Twenty‐four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats that received three different types of ligatures (MW, sandblasted wire [SMW], and SL) around their first right mandibular molar, while the contralateral tooth was left without the ligature and served as a control. Bone loss was assessed by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest at the distal aspect of the first molar on central mesiodistal sections generated from micro‐CT scans taken 24 and 35 days after ligature placement. Results In the SL group, only in two rats the ligatures were retained until the end of the 24‐day period; in all other animals, the ligatures were lost at some time point. In the SMW, the ligatures were retained only for the 24‐day period. In the MW group, no ligatures were lost. Irrespective of the group or experimental period, the difference in the crestal bone level between ligated and control teeth was in most cases z

A scalable approach for manufacturing highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns has been reported previously. Herein, the effects of twist-related technological parameters, namely, wrapping density and outer-inner twist ratio are investigated and have been optimized by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results indicate that the preparatory twist-related parameters have a remarkable effect on the spiral geometrical configuration of yarn constituents, and thus in turn influencing the final tensile and elastic properties of wrapped yarns. The wrapping density of 800 T·m−1 and outer-inner twist ratio of 1.25 were considered as the optimal alternative using TOPSIS. Moreover, a negative relation between voltage and color-changing time of yarn spun with optimal parameters was established. It was also found that the color of yarn above elevated triggered voltages always switched from purple to pink but followed different color-changing paths. More importantly, thermochromic response of yarn is insensitive to the applied strain.

Highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns, which employ elastane filament (EF) as core, stainless steel wire, and thermochromic polyester filament as the first and second winding, was prepared, and the effect of elastane draft upon yarn properties was investigated. It was found that the elastane draft played an essential role in determining the final yarn behavior, and the optimized elastane draft parameter was 2.5 using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. It is a distinctive configuration of yarn’s constituents and the EF draft that are responsible for the exceptional stretchability of yarns, and it showed mechanical robustness following cyclic stretch. Importantly, the yarn exhibited rapid, durable, and reversible color conversion when subjected to cyclic voltage, cyclic abrasion, and alkali. Finally, a flower-shaped pattern was fabricated by embroidering yarn onto an elastic substrate as a proof-of-concept, and no obvious variation of color fidelity was observed during the stretch.

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A method is described for monitoring the position of the wire in additive electron-beam surfacing by means of secondary X-rays from the interaction of the electron beam with the metal in the wire. A system for ongoing control of the relative positions of the electron beam and wire is developed, on the basis of an X‑ray sensor and tracking of the wire. The system is experimentally tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors suggest a new approach to combine polymer composite and metal components in a single product that is based on the idea to integrate metal component into a composite on a mezo level by combining metal and mineral fibers. The paper presents a set of challenges that have to be overcome to get different reinforcement materials acting consistently together in a product, study and activities plan, and processing methods to combine mineral and metal reinforcement. A testing fixture has been designed and a number of wires and carbon rovings with different mechanical properties have been tested. A comparison of stress-strain behavior of metal and mineral fibers is provided with a review of their combined action efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) is an emerging high-resolution and high-contrast imaging technology. In recent years, metal wires have been used in TAI experiments to quantitatively evaluate the spatial resolution of different systems. However, there is still a lack of analysis of the response characteristics and principles of metal wires in TAI. Through theoretical and simulation analyses, this paper proposes that the response of metal (copper) wires during TAI is equivalent to the response of antennas. More critically, the response of the copper wire is equivalent to the response of a half-wave dipole antenna. When its length is close to half the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave, it obtains the best response. In simulation, when the microwave excitation frequencies are 1.3 GHz, 3.0 GHz, and 5.3 GHz, and the lengths of copper wires are separately set to 11 cm, 5 cm, and 2.5 cm, the maximum SAR distribution and energy coupling efficiency are obtained. This result is connected with the best response of half-wave dipole antennas with lengths of 11 cm, 4.77 cm, and 2.7 cm under the theoretical design, respectively. Regarding the further application, TAI can be used to conduct guided minimally invasive surgery on surgical instrument imaging. Thus, this paper indicated that results can also guide the design of metal surgical instruments utilized in different microwave frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) is an emerging high-resolution and high-contrast imaging technology. In recent years, metal wires have been used in TAI experiments to quantitatively evaluate the spatial resolution of different systems. However, there is still a lack of analysis of the response characteristics and principles of metal wires in TAI. Through theoretical and simulation analyses, this paper proposes that the response of metal (copper) wires during TAI is equivalent to the response of antennas. More critically, the response of the copper wire is equivalent to the response of a half-wave dipole antenna. When its length is close to half the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave, it obtains the best response. In simulation, when the microwave excitation frequencies are 1.3[Formula: see text]GHz, 3.0[Formula: see text]GHz, and 5.3[Formula: see text]GHz, and the lengths of copper wires are separately set to 11[Formula: see text]cm, 5[Formula: see text]cm, and 2.5[Formula: see text]cm, the maximum SAR distribution and energy coupling efficiency are obtained. This result is connected with the best response of half-wave dipole antennas with lengths of 11[Formula: see text]cm, 4.77[Formula: see text]cm, and 2.7[Formula: see text]cm under the theoretical design, respectively. Regarding the further application, TAI can be used to conduct guided minimally invasive surgery on surgical instrument imaging. Thus, this paper indicated that results can also guide the design of metal surgical instruments utilized in different microwave frequencies.

In this study, we introduce a metal-wire Kagome truss damper and investigate its mechanical properties through theoretical analyses and experimental tests. The Kagome damper had high resistance to plastic buckling and low anisotropy. We propose an equation to estimate the yield strength of the damper, which was dependent on the geometric shape and thickness of the metal wire. We conducted cyclic shear loading tests to investigate the energy dissipation capacity and stiffness/strength degradation of the damper through repeated loading. Based on the hysteretic properties revealed by the tests, we found that modification of the ideal truss model with a hinged connection could predict the yield strength and stiffness of the damper. We present a numerical example to improve the seismic performance of a five-story reinforced concrete structure by installing Kagome dampers.

Abstract A novel Young’s modulus measurement scheme based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In our method, a universal formula relating the Bragg wavelength shift to Young’s modulus is derived and metal wires are loaded strain by using the static stretching method. The Young’s modulus of copper wires, aluminum wires, nickel wires, and tungsten wires are separately measured. Experimental results show that the FBG sensor exhibits high measurement accuracy, and the measurement errors relative to the nominal value is less than 1.0%. The feasibility of the FBG test method is confirmed by comparing it with the traditional charge coupled device (CCD) imaging method. The proposed method could find the potential application in the material selection, especially in the field that the size of metal wires is very small and the strain gauges cannot be qualified.

Background: The pin and tension band wire (PTBW) technique is used to convert the tensile force at the olecranon fracture site. Although metal wire can be used for the tension band technique, it has side effects such as skin irritation or infection. Other fixation materials like a high-strength polyester and polyethylene suture that do not cause skin irritation and pain, provide similar mechanical strength. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare olecranon fragment stability by applying tension bands using metal wire and FiberWire of identical tensile strength. Methods: This study was designed as ex vivo biomechanical test on canine cadaveric elbows. We biomechanically analyzed the following two fixation methods in cadaveric elbows with olecranon osteotomies: (1) Kirschner (K) wire with 0.76 mm metal wire tension band, (2) K-wires with No. 2 FiberWire tension band. A tensile testing machine was used to measure displacement. Results: It was measured that the mean maximum load (MML) value and mean yield load (MYL) were higher using No. 2 FiberWire as a tension band than 0.76 mm metal wire. Conclusion: Biomechanical strength of No. 2 FiberWire was significantly different from 0.76 mm metal wire in a canine model of olecranon osteotomy. So, FiberWire is applicable instead of metal wire that has a similar strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We evaluated the filtration performance of microporous metal membranes fabricated by the rolling process. Metal wire meshes were rolled with thickness reduction ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. The pore size of the metal wire mesh membrane decreased with increasing rolling ratio, whereas the removal efficiency of the suspended solids and turbidity showed a very slight increase compared to that of an unrolled mesh membrane. The metal powder was dispersed on the surface of the rolled metal wire mesh membrane and bound with polyvinyl alcohol, then dried at 100°C for 1 h, and finally sintered at 1,000°C for 3 h. The mean pore size, suspended solids, and turbidity of the metal powder membrane at a rolling ratio of 30% were approximately 0.7 μm, 84% and 83%, respectively. Therefore, microporous metal membranes successfully fabricated by the rolling process were also sufficiently permeable filters.

A novel Young's modulus measurement scheme based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In our method, a universal formula relating the Bragg wavelength shift to Young's modulus is derived and metal wires are loaded strain by using the static stretching method. The Young's modulus of copper wires, aluminum wires, nickel wires, and tungsten wires are separately measured. Experimental results show that the FBG sensor exhibits high measurement accuracy, and the measurement errors relative to the nominal value is less than 1.0%. The feasibility of the FBG test method is confirmed by comparing it with the traditional charge coupled device (CCD) imaging method. The proposed method could find the potential application in the material selection, especially in the field that the size of metal wires is very small and the strain gauges cannot be qualified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable and conductive yarns spun on traditional ring spinning frames are promising candidates for applications in wearable devices. A scalable approach for manufacturing multifunctional tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs) has been reported previously. In this study, the effect of the elastane draw ratio upon the physical and conductive properties of the resulting yarns was investigated. It was found that the tensile characteristics of t-ECCYs were primarily dependent upon the spinning settings, especially the draft applied to the elastane filament, which exerted a highly vital effect. Tensile characteristics increased sharply with an initial increase in elastane draft up to 3, beyond which they increased only marginally. Significant alternations in yarns' tensile behavior incorporating different elastane drafts were established. Weibull statistics and box–whisker plots were used to quantify the variability in strength. The role of spinning geometries and different elastane drafts on the yarn hair formation were also highlighted. The results indicated that increasing the elastane draft increased yarn hairiness. It is the distinctive configuration of the yarn's material constituents (the elastane) and the draft applied to elastane that are responsible for the exceptional stretchability of t-ECCYs. With variable thermal-conductive characteristics under different amounts of stretch, the t-ECCYs, which can be industrially woven or knitted, hold tremendous prospects for the wearable electronics or portable electrical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A core-spun yarn containing an ultrafine copper wire for wearable electronics-oriented applications has been manufactured using a modified vortex spinning system for the first time. The copper wire is fed into the spinning nozzle through a groove on the surface of the top front roller and an orifice through the fiber guiding member in sequence. Scanning electron micrographs confirm that the copper wire locates in the core region and is tightly wrapped by the helical staple fibers of the outer layer in the core-spun yarn, owing to the special yarn formation mechanism of the vortex spinning system. The vortex core-spun yarn containing a copper wire has a strength higher by 86.6% and a breaking extension lower by 70.2% compared to the copper wire, while its strain sensitivity in the workable strain range is not affected by either the yarn manufacturing process or the existence of staple fibers. The vortex core-spun yarn containing a metal wire could be a promising candidate for the conductive tracks of wearable electronics due to its improved structure, durability, and comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study evaluated the flexural strengths of reinforced denture base resins subjected to long-term water immersion. Materials and methods Acrylic denture base resin reinforced with metal wire or glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), and without reinforcement were tested. Bar-shaped specimens were fabricated. Half of the specimens were stored in 37 °C distilled water for 50 hours (h), the other half were stored in 37 °C distilled water for 180 days (d) before testing. Ten specimens were fabricated per group for each reinforcement/water immersion period combination. The ultimate flexural strength and flexural strength at the proportional limit of reinforced denture base resin were tested. Results The 180 d bulk specimen possessed significantly lower ultimate flexural strength compared with the 50 h bulk specimen (p 0.05). The 180 d bulk specimen had a significantly lower flexural strength at the proportional limit compared to the 50 h bulk specimen. The 180 d reinforced specimens of metal and FRC were not significantly different from each of the 50 h specimens. Conclusion The flexural strengths of a reinforced denture base resin did not change after long-term water immersion.

In this article various pipes used for transporting of gas are introduced and pros and cons of each one are elucidated. The pipes are categorized in three different subgroups including metallic, polymeric and metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes. Metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes are nominated as the best option for usage in high pressure pipelines transporting natural gas. As a result, some information about major manufacturers of this kind of polymeric pipes, raw material, production process and metallic-wire orientation are presented. Finally, from economical point of view, some calculations are done to estimate required amount of polymer and metallic-wire to manufacture such pipes. It is also possible to compare their manufacturing cost with usual metallic and polymeric pipes.

The metallic micro-sized wires of gold, silver and copper with the various sizes were prepared. Their CVC, low-frequency noise, as well as the behavior and dependence of the noise spectral density on the type and sizes of metals and contacts were investigated. It is shown that the spectral density of low-frequency noise strongly depends on the dimensions of the sample. It is also shown that the spectral density of noise increases with the decrease in the diameter of the wire and with the increasing in a sample length. The dependence of the spectral density of the low-frequency noise shows that it has the contact character and is proportional to the square of the contact resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of course density, yarn linear density and thickness and type of conductive wire on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Metal/cotton conductive composite yarns were produced by the core-spun technique on the ring spinning machine, involving stainless steel, copper and silver coated copper wires with 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm thicknesses and Ne10/1 and Ne20/1 count yarns. The interlock fabrics were knitted on a 7G flat knitting machine with the three different machine settings. The EMSE and the surface resistivity of knitted fabrics were measured by the co-axial transmission line method according to the ASTM-D4935-10 standard in the frequency range from 15 to 3000 MHz and by the ASTM D257-07 standard, respectively. It was observed that all fabrics shielded around 95 % of electromagnetic waves at low frequencies, 80 % at medium frequencies and 70 % at high frequencies. Increasing the course density and thickness of conductive wire in interlock knitted fabrics increased the EMSE correspondingly. The knitted fabrics that had been produced with high yarn count showed greater EMSE because there was less isolation. The effect of the metal wire type was highly significant between 15 and 600 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the last two decades, the electro-mechanical impedance technique has undergone extensive theoretical and experimental transformations coupled with the evolution of newer practical adaptations and variants. Notable among these are the metal wire-based variant, the dual piezo configuration and the embedded configuration, over and above the conventional surface-bonded configuration. Although there is a plethora of electro-mechanical impedance-related research devoted to metallic structures, only a limited number of studies are available for reinforced concrete structures, which are characterized by more complex behaviour and pose multiple problems for the electro-mechanical impedance sensors such as small range and high damping due to heterogeneous constitution. This article presents, for the first time, a comprehensive comparative study covering four different variants, namely, the surface-bonded single piezo configuration, the embedded single piezo configuration and the metal wire single piezo configuration in electromechanical impedance technique for structural health monitoring of a real-life-sized reinforced concrete beam subjected to destructive testing. The article also proposes a modified and more practical version of the dual piezo configuration called the modified dual piezo configuration, employing concrete vibration sensors. It is found that the modified dual piezo configuration is the most expedient among all variants in capturing the damage with respect to the first occurrence of cracks and the final warning of ultimate failure. Metal wire single piezo configuration is good in detecting the first level of damage; however, its efficiency ceases thereafter when crack size increases. It can be considered as an alternative to surface-bonded single piezo configuration in the scenarios where the damage level is incipient. The sensitivity of the modified dual piezo configuration increases with increasing number of actuators connected in parallel due to an increase in the output current. Also, contrary to the surface-bonded single piezo configuration, the susceptance signature of the modified dual piezo configuration is equally sensitive to damage due to the absence of capacitance part in its admittance signature. Hence, its susceptance can also be used for damage severity measurement for incipient damage level in reinforced concrete structures. The surface-bonded single piezo configuration is found to be best in quantifying damage severity in terms of the equivalent stiffness parameter. Embedded single piezo configuration and metal wire single piezo configuration, on the other hand, correlate well with the global dynamic stiffness of the structure. Overall, the proposed integration enables an early detection of damage, its propagation and improved severity measurement for reinforced concrete structures, thus contributing to new application protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the strengthening methods of composite connection is the employment of reinforcing elements in the adhesive layer. Using of additional elements in the adhesive layer make uniform stress distribution and improves the strength and toughness of the connection. In this paper, metal wires were used to reinforce the adhesive joints of composites. The effects of the number of wires, wire diameter, wire stiffness, angle of wire and the adhesive type on the strength of the adhesive reinforced bonded composite joints were investigated experimentally and numerically. A finite element model was developed to study the stress distribution in the reinforced adhesive joints. The numerical results showed a good agreement with the experimental observation. It was found that increasing the number of wires and wire diameter, choosing a stiffer material for the wire and increasing the wire angle, uniform the stress distribution and reduced the maximum and average stress values in the adhesive layer. For the appropriate reinforcing wire parameters, the joint strength increased more than 90% in this study. It also observed that the using metal wires as a reinforcing element was more effective in the ductile adhesion than the brittle ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electro-mechanical impedance technique has developed rapidly during the past few decades as a reliable health monitoring component of civil structures. However, the high cost of impedance analyzer/LCR meter conventionally used for data acquisition in the electro-mechanical impedance technique restricts its wide use in real applications. This article provides a comprehensive study of exploring the low-cost electro-mechanical impedance technique for health monitoring of concrete under destructive testing using multiple piezo configurations. The experimental scheme ensures separate acquisition of both the real and the imaginary components of the electro-mechanical impedance signature for detailed analysis, a feature not available in some previous low-cost adaptations. The piezo configurations covered here for comparison are the surface-bonded piezo configuration, the embedded piezo configuration, and the metal wire piezo configuration. The repeatability of the proposed low-cost electro-mechanical impedance technique is checked and the results are compared with the traditional counterpart utilizing conventional LCR meter. The two electro-mechanical impedance approaches show similar trends of the conductance signature for all configurations. In particular, the metal wire piezo configuration can be adopted as an excellent alternative in practice for reinforced concrete structures when the direct surface bonding is not feasible. Overall, the low-cost version of the electro-mechanical impedance technique is effective to detect the presence of the damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Metal wires are widely used for arc ignitions in power arc tests on electrical power installations, and their material and thickness are selected variously. However, the material and the thickness of the metal wire are thought to be influential factors in the severity of the power arc test, because they may change the arc duration and the physical characteristics of arc. Therefore it is important to understand the dependence of the severity of the power arc test on the material and the thickness of the metal wire. In this paper, we made the experiment, where arcs were generated in a closed chamber with changing the material and the diameter of the metal wire for arc ignition. By this experiment, we clarified the fusing characteristics for various metal wires, and then studied how the material and the thickness of the metal wire influence the arc energy for the first half-cycle of current. As a result of this study, we pointed out a possibility of changing the severity in the power arc test according to the metal wire for arc ignition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the flexural strengths of reinforced denture base resins subjected to long-term water immersion. Materials and methodsAcrylic denture base resin reinforced with metal wire or glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), and without reinforcement were tested. Bar-shaped specimens were fabricated. Half of the specimens were stored in 37 °C distilled water for 50 hours (h), the other half were stored in 37 °C distilled water for 180 days (d) before testing. Ten specimens were fabricated per group for each reinforcement/water immersion period combination. The ultimate flexural strength and flexural strength at the proportional limit of reinforced denture base resin were tested. ResultsThe 180 d bulk specimen possessed significantly lower ultimate flexural strength compared with the 50 h bulk specimen (p < 0.05). The ultimate flexural strength of the 50 h metal, 50 h FRC, 180 d metal and the 180 d FRC reinforcement specimens were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). The 180 d bulk specimen had a significantly lower flexural strength at the proportional limit compared to the 50 h bulk specimen. The 180 d reinforced specimens of metal and FRC were not significantly different from each of the 50 h specimens. ConclusionThe flexural strengths of a reinforced denture base resin did not change after long-term water immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper involves a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic shielding characteristics of woven fabrics. The conductive fabrics produced by using cotton/copper-wrapped and cotton/stainless steel-wrapped hybrid yarns in plain and twill weaves were tested in single and double layer structures to determine the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), absorption and reflection values over an incident frequency of 0–3000 MHz. In addition, the shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of these conductive fabric layers was tested under pure cotton fabric. The results indicated that fabrics including copper-wrapped hybrid yarns exhibited EMSE values that increase with increasing incident frequency then decline after a peak value is reached. On the other hand, fabrics including stainless steel-wrapped hybrid yarns showed no sharp peak values, instead; slight peaks were observed. The differences between the EMSE values of plain and twill weave fabric samples were found to be statistically insignificant. The use of fabrics including stainless steel-wrapped hybrid yarns in the layered structures resulted in better shielding effectiveness in a wider incident frequency range when compared to the fabrics including copper-wrapped hybrid yarns. Finally, it was found that the use of conductive fabrics under pure cotton fabric did not interrupt the shielding effectiveness of the conductive fabrics, which can lead to consider the use of layered structures for garments requiring special protective capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the novel heat pipe building integrated photovoltaic/thermal system (HP-BIPV/T), designed for use in residential buildings in China, has been proposed with the composite of metal wires and phase change material (PCM) filling into the space between the finned heat pipes and insulation. The system was expected to provide the hot water and electricity to the residents of the buildings. In order to investigate the performance of the system, experiments were conducted at the laboratory of Guangdong University of Technology, China. It was found that the temperatures of the flat-plate glass cover, PV panels, and filling space presented the similar variation pattern when the ambient temperature was relatively stable. The tank water temperature could reach the maximum of 47.23 °C when the simulated solar radiation was at 900W/m 2 and the water flow rate was at 600L/h. The relationship between the system’s thermal efficiency and (T mean -T amb )/I had been setup in the linear relation. The system’s daily average thermal, electrical and total efficiency were determined at 61.1%, 7.8% and 68.9% respectively of the maximum for the simulated solar radiation at 900W/m 2 and water flow rate of 600L/h. By comparing with the conventional BIPV/T system, the cost and efficiency of the proposed system were higher by 52% and 25.5%. However, the cost of the proposed system could be massively reduced through mass-production and waste material recycling use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the residual strain of a thin conductive metal wire on a polymer substrate after electrical failure is measured with SEM moire. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling is applied to fabricate micron moire gratings on the surfaces of constantan wires and the random phase shifting technique is used to process moire fringes. The virtual strain method is briefly introduced and used to calculate the real strain of specimens. In order to study the influence of a defect on the electrical failure of the constantan wire, experiments were conducted on two specimens, one with a crack, while the other one without any crack. By comparing the results, we found that the defect makes the critical beam current of electrical failure decrease. In addition, the specimens were subjected to compression after electrical failure, in agreement with the observed crack closure of the specimen. The successful results demonstrate that the moire method is effective to characterize the full-field deformation of constantan wires on the polymer membrane, and has a good potential for further application to the deformation measurement of thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat pipe building integrated photovoltaic/thermal system (heat pipe BIPV/T system) can produce both the electrical and thermal energies at the same time, which have been paid enormous attentions since the energy crisis in the 1970s. In this paper, the heat pipe BIPV/T system with the metal wires filling into the space between the finned heat pipes and insulation has been proposed, which will be expected to enhance the heat transfer and improve the electrical generation of the system. To investigate the thermal performance of the system, the variations of the temperatures, e.g., flat-plate glass cover, PV panel, filling space, heat pipe, and tank water, as well as the ambient temperature, were measured, and the system’s thermal efficiency was calculated and studied for different simulated solar radiations and water flow rates. It was found that the temperatures of the flat-plate glass cover, PV panels, filling space, and heat pipe presented the similar variation pattern when the ambient temperature was stable. The tank water temperature could reach the maximum of 53.83 °C when the simulated solar radiation was at 900 W/m 2 and the water flow rate was at 200 l/h. The linear relation between the system efficiency and ( T mean − T amb )/ I had been setup. The maximum thermal efficiency was found at 44.04% with the simulated solar radiation of 300 W/m 2 and water flow rate of 200 l/h, and 7.9% for the maximum electrical efficiency. Compared with the traditional systems of the previous research, the proposed system performed well with additional features, e.g., low cost, waste materials recycling. This research will be helpful in indicating the potential research area of the low-carbon-emission and energy-saving technology for the researchers overseas and domestic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper a novel system for drop-on-demand (DoD) generation from a metal wire is presented, whose main component is a newly developed laser droplet generation head, consisting of annular laser beam shaping optics and a wire feeding system. In the pendant droplet formation phase of the DoD generation, a laser pulse is used to melt the wire-end, which is fed into the focus of an annular laser beam. The formed pendant droplet is then detached by means of a detachment pulse, which induces Rayleigh–Plateau instability of the molten column of wire above the neck of the pendant droplet. The main process parameters, including the laser pulse and wire feeding parameters as well as the additional parameters which influence particular phases of the DoD generation process, have been identified. The empirical correlations between the influencing process parameters and the droplet characteristics, including droplet diameter and temperature, were determined, based on the analysis of high speed IR records of the process, images being acquired by an optical microscope and temperature data being acquired by pyrometers. As an example, DoD generation from a commercially pure 99.6% Ni wire (Nickel 200) of 0.6 mm diameter is considered. It is shown that droplets with diameters ranging from 0.85 to 1.25 mm can be generated, with a resolution of 50 μm and a standard deviation of 15 μm. The temperature of the detached droplet remains above the melting point of the Ni wire, and increases with the droplet diameter within the range from 1650 to 1750 °C. Some examples of Ni droplets deposited on a Ti sheet surface are presented, with the aim of demonstrating the capability of the proposed system, and motivating further applications in which drops on demand having a high temperature and a precisely defined diameter need to be generated, while limiting the thermal loading of the surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clinicians may come across strange situations when they accidentally notice foreign bodies in the root canals of the teeth. This foreign body entrapment is more common in children because of the habit of placing various objects into the tooth, particularly in the cases of open carious lesions. Sometimes, these foreign objects may act as an impending source for pain and infection. Even though accidental insertion is the main etiological factor, there are other possibilities such as self-injurious habits and dental neglect which should be ruled out by thorough history. The present article describes two cases of typical etiology for foreign body lodgment and its management in the primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]