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[Display omitted] • Inspired by the nature, a sea urchin-like IL modified UiO-66 was obtained. • The optimized sensor exhibits high response and ultra-fast response speed in the low humidity range of 0–35% RH. • The sensing mechanism is fully investigated through DFT calculation. • The low humidity sensor was proved to have applications in visual humidity detection and water source location. Numerous applications require low humidity sensors that not only sensitive but also stable, small hysteresis, high resolution and fast response. However, most reported low humidity sensors cannot possess these properties at the same time. In this work, inspired by sea urchin, we developed an ionic liquid (IL) modified metal organic framework (UiO-66) based low humidity sensor. Owing to the synergistic effect of the hydrophilicity and ionic conductivity of IL and the steric hindrance effects of UiO-66, the optimized low humidity sensor simultaneously exhibits high response (47.5), small hysteresis (0.3 % RH), ultrafast response speed (0.2 s), high resolution (1 % RH), and excellent long-term stability (>120 days). In particular, the sensor has been proved to have potential applications in visual humidity detection and water source location. This work provides a preliminary design principle that will contribute to the preparation of high-performance low humidity sensing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2) batteries are being considered as the next-generation energy storage systems due to their higher theoretical energy density. However, the practical application of Li-O 2 batteries is hindered by slow kinetics and the formation of side products during the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions on the cathode. These reactions lead to high overpotentials during charging and discharging. To address these challenges, we propose a simple ultrasonic method for synthesizing cobalt nanoclusters embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (GrZnCo) derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The resulting material, due to the retention of metallic cobalt structure, exhibits better electronic conductivity. Additionally, the GrZnCo catalyst shows vigorous catalytic activity, which can improve reaction kinetics and suppress side reactions, thus lowering the charging overpotential. We have investigated the impact of different catalyst compositions (GrZnCo x ; x = 1, 3, 5) by varying the amounts of cobalt and zinc. The optimum catalyst, GrZnCo 3 , contains high cobalt-N active components, graphitic-N, pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and abundant defect structures, which enhance the electrochemical performance. The defect-rich GrZnCo 3 catalyst enables Li-O 2 batteries to achieve a high discharge capacity of 13500 mAh·g−1 at 50 mA·g−1 and a remarkable long-term cycling performance of over 400 cycles at 100 mA·g−1 with a limited capacity of 500 mAh·g−1. This work demonstrates an effective approach to fabricate cost-effective electrocatalysts for various energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The global concern over heavy metal pollution necessitates urgent measures to safeguard human health and the environment. This study focuses on employing triethylenetetramine (TETA)-functionalized MIP-206-OH (TMIP-206) as an effective adsorbent for removing Pb(II) from wastewater. TMIP-206 was synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by functionalization with TETA. Kinetic studies demonstrate that lead removal on TMIP-206 conforms to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating an efficient removal process. Experimental results reveal that TMIP-206 aligns with the Langmuir isotherm, exhibiting a maximum removal capacity of 267.15 mg/g for lead ions. The sorption efficiency of TMIP-206 for Pb ions remains stable across six cycles, with a reduction of less than 15%. Optimal adsorption performance is observed at a pH of 6. These findings underscore the potential of TMIP-206 as an alternative for adsorbing Pb(II) from aqueous environments, addressing the global challenge of heavy metal pollution. Future research should explore the scalability and long-term stability of TMIP-206-based adsorbents to enhance their practical applicability in diverse environmental contexts and contribute to broader strategies for mitigating heavy metal contamination.

To enhance the accessibility of hydrogen fuel production, there is a pressing need for the development of efficient catalysts possessing abundant catalytic active sites, robust stability, and a substantial surface area conducive to both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, we present a novel electrocatalyst derived from a metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor, specifically MnCe 3.67 C 6 , synthesized through a cost-effective and straightforward pyrolysis process. This process involves the transformation of carefully designed porous spongy conjoined tapeworm like morphology at 973.15 K carburized temperature and which transform into conjoined nanowires when carburization temperature increases from 1073.15 to 1273.15 K into aggregated nanospheres, with the MOF serving as a carbon template. The structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics of the resulting MnCe 3.67 C 6 catalyst were thoroughly investigated using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Remarkably, the MnCe 3.67 C 6 catalyst exhibits outstanding OER activity, manifesting a significantly reduced potential of 231 mV at current density of 10 mAcm−2 in alkaline media, thereby facilitating efficient charge transfer. Furthermore, the fabricated MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 electrocatalyst demonstrates a decreased Tafel slope of 68mVdec−1, indicative of a favorable kinetic mechanism for the resultant material. The electrochemical active surface increases considerably after fabrication of composite MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 (C dl = 77 mFcm−2) as compared to Mn–Ce/MOF (C dl = 34 mFcm−2). Moreover, the higher OER activity is also complemented with extraordinary stability of MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 that is capable of performing oxygen evolution reaction for more than 150 h, making it attractive candidate for the commercial utilization. Notably, the enhanced catalytic performance of MnCe 3.67 C 6 can be attributed primarily to the well-dispersed cerium on the carbon surface, which provides an enlarged active surface area replete with catalytic sites, as well as the dynamic charge transfer of electrons depicted in XPS spectrum, thereby enhancing electrochemical properties and paving the way for future applications. [Display omitted] • The MnCeC 6 with carbon matrix were successfully prepared under varied temperatures. • The MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 electrocatalyst showed superior OER property. • The MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 exhibiting lower overpotential of 266 mV to arrive at 50 mAcm−2. • The MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 shows smaller Tafel slope of 68 mV/dec. • The exceptional performance of MnCe 3.67 C 6 -700 attributed to the synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of Cu@MIL-101@PMTPC nanomedicine and schematic mechanism for effective and safe tumor therapy using this nano-loaded platform in combination with chemical kinetics/photodynamics/immuno-effects and chemotherapy. [Display omitted] Tumors produce a hypoxic environment that greatly influences cancer treatment, and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs cannot selectively accumulate in the tumor region because of the lack of a tumor targeting mechanism, causing increased systemic toxicities and side effects. Hence, designing and developing new nanoplatforms that combine multimodal therapeutic regimens is essential to improve tumor therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report the synthesis of ultrafine Cu nanoparticles loaded with a drug combination of cisplatin (Pt) and 1-methyl- d -tryptophan (1-MT) and externally coated with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) photosensitizer, polydopamine (PDA) and CaO 2 of MIL-101(Fe) as a new nanoplatform (Cu@MIL-101@PMTPC). The nanoplatform synergistically combined chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and immunochemotherapy. The Fe3+ in MIL-101(Fe) and the surface Cu nanoparticles exhibited strong ability to consume intracellular glutathione (GSH), thereby generating a Fenton-like response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with substantial peroxidase (POD)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities. In this design, we used the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-MT to overcome chemotherapy-induced immune escape phenomena including enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell expression, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production, and accelerated immunogenic cell death. The targeted release of cisplatin loaded into Cu@MIL-101@PMTPC also reduced toxic side effects of chemotherapy. TCPP generated a large amount of singlet oxygen (1O 2) upon specific laser irradiation to effectively kill tumor cells. CaO 2 on the outer layer generated oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) to ameliorate hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, enhance the PDT effect, and provide a continuous supply of H 2 O 2 for the Fenton-like reaction. Thus, this nanocarrier platform exhibited a powerful chemodynamic, photodynamic, and immunochemotherapeutic cascade, providing a new strategy for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the phosphomolybdate (HPMo) modification strategy was applied to improve the N 2 selectivity of MnCo-BTC@SiO 2 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO x , and further, the mechanism of HPMo modification on enhanced catalytic performance was explored. Among MnCo-BTC@SiO 2 -x catalysts with different HPMo concentrations, MnCo-BTC@SiO 2 -0.75 catalyst exhibited not only the highest NH 3 -SCR performance (∼95% at 200-300°C) but also the best N 2 selectivity (exceed 80% at 100-300°C) due to the appropriate redox capacity, greater surface acidity. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and temperature programmed reduction of H 2 (H 2 -TPR) results showed that the modification with HPMo reduced the oxidation-reduction performance of the catalyst due to electron transfer from Mo5+ to Mn4+/Mn3+ and prevent the excessive oxidation of ammonia adsorption species. NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption of (NH 3 -TPD) results showed that the modification with HPMo could significantly improve the surface acidity and NH 3 adsorption, which enhance the catalytic activity and N 2 selectivity. In-situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS) revealed that modification with HPMo increased significantly the amount of adsorbed NH 3 species on the Bronsted acid site and C B / C L , it suppressed the production of N 2 O by inhibiting the production of NH species, the deep dehydrogenation of ammonia adsorption species. This study provided a simple design strategy for the catalyst to improve the low-temperature catalytic performance and N 2 selectivity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of pollutants have acute adverse effects on living bodies, and the effective removal of these pollutants remains a challenge. Safranin O (a biological dye) and merbromin (a topical mercury-containing antiseptic) are considered organic pollutants, and there are only a few reports on their removal. Synthesized and well-characterized (through PXRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDS analysis) MOF-5 was used for the first time in the removal of safranin O and merbromin from simulated wastewater and real wastewater. In both cases, MOF-5 effectively removed contaminants. We found that in simulated wastewater, the highest efficiency of removal of safranin O was 53.27% (for 15 mg/L) at pH 10, and for merbromin, it was 41.49% (for 25 mg/L) at pH 6. In the case of real wastewater containing natural ions (Na+, K+, F−, Cl−, SO42−, PO43−, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and other molecules, the removal efficiencies of these two dyes decreased (34.00% and 26.28% for safranin O and merbromin, respectively) because of the presence of other ions and molecules. A plausible mechanism for the removal of these pollutants using MOF-5 was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although electrocatalytic water splitting is a very promising and sustainable method for generating hydrogen as a clean energy source, the design and synthesis of stable and efficient noble metal-free catalysts faces some serious challenges. In this work, an electrocatalyst with heterostructure of MoS 2 and orthogonal phase of CoSe 2 (MoS 2 @o-CoSe 2) is derived from Co-based metal organic framework (Co-MOF). The complex shows excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and long-term stability in alkaline medium attributed to its porous structure, ultrathin nanosheet morphology, synergistic effect of each component owing to the tightly bonded interface and optimal electronic structure after phase transition. MoS 2 @o-CoSe 2 exhibits low overpotential of 34 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 41 mV dec−1. These results are superior to most recently reported Mo-based and Co-based electrocatalysts. Importantly, the performance of MoS 2 @o-CoSe 2 at high current densities is even better than that of commercial Pt/C electrode. Our results emphasize the importance of phase engineering and show that the combination of MOF with transition metal disulfides is an effective way to develop highly active and sustainable efficient electrocatalysts for water hydrolysis. • MOF-derived MoS 2 @o-CoSe 2 shows excellent HER performance. • Low overpotential, high exchange current densities and fast kinetics are achieved. • Performance of MoS 2 @o-CoSe 2 at high current densities is even better than Pt/C. • The phase transition is essential to promote the HER performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, metal-–organic frameworks (MOFs) with high porosity have drawn extensive attention in water splitting. The present study reports the synthesis of a porous Fe-based MOF by a modified precursor made of magnetite (Fe3O4). Subsequently, a series of undoped and lanthanide -doped (MOFs) are prepared using the solvothermal method. The synthesis provided a high surface area with a high specific surface and pore volume. The synthesized electrocatalyst with a high surface area is demonstrated as an excellent electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) investigated in acidic media. The electrochemical results demonstrated low Tafel slopes (81 and 166 mV dec–−1), high exchange current, high ssurface area (Cdl) (148.29 and 150.57 mV), and high stability for Au/MIL-53 (Fe)/Gd-Fe3O4 and glassy carbon electrode GCE/MIL-53 (Fe)/La-Fe3O4. The high activity is attributed to the large surface area of the synthesized Fe/ Fe3O4-based MOF, which is porous and magnetic. The effect of base metal on catalyst performance was discussed. Through the unification of two catalytically active metals as lanthanide, a new opportunity opens up for the development of synergistic systems in multiple applications.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials offering exceptional performance across a myriad of applications, attributable to their remarkable physicochemical properties such as regular porosity, crystalline structure, and tailored functional groups. Despite their potential, there is a lack of dedicated reviews that focus on key physicochemical characterizations of MOFs for the beginners and new researchers in the field. This review is written based on our expertise in the synthesis and characterization of MOFs, specifically to provide a right direction for the researcher who is a beginner in this area. In this way, experimental errors can be reduced, and wastage of time and chemicals can be avoided when new researchers conduct a study. In this article, this topic is critically analyzed, and findings and conclusions are presented. We reviewed three well-known XRD techniques, including PXRD, single crystal XRD, and SAXS, which were used for XRD analysis depending on the crystal size and the quality of crystal morphology. The TGA profile was an effective factor for evaluating the quality of the activation process and for ensuring the successful investigation for other characterizations. The BET and pore size were significantly affected by the activation process and selective benzene chain cross-linkers. FTIR is a prominent method that is used to investigate the functional groups on pore surfaces, and this method is successfully used to evaluate the activation process, characterize functionalized MOFs, and estimate their applications. The most significant methods of characterization include the X-ray diffraction, which is utilized for structural identification, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which is used for exploring thermal decomposition. It is important to note that the thermal stability of MOFs is influenced by two main factors: the metal-ligand interaction and the type of functional groups attached to the organic ligand. The textural properties of the MOFs, on the other hand, can be scrutinized through nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms experiments at 77 K. However, for smaller pore size, the Argon adsorption-desorption isotherm at 87.3 K is preferred. Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption isotherm at 273 K can be used to measure ultra-micropore sizes and sizes lower than these, which cannot be measured by using the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77 K. The highest BET was observed in high-valence MOFs that are constructed based on the metal-oxo cluster, which has an excellent ability to control their textural properties. It was found that the synthesis procedure (including the choice of solvent, cross-linker, secondary metal, surface functional groups, and temperature), activation method, and pressure significantly impact the surface area of the MOF and, by extension, its structural integrity. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy plays a crucial role in identifying active MOF functional groups. Understanding these physicochemical properties and utilizing relevant characterization techniques will enable more precise MOF selection for specific applications.

Herein, we report the covalent organic framework supported metal–organic framework (COF–MOF) from melamine and terephthalaldehyde as the COF and 1,2,4,5-tetrabenzenecarboxylic acid as the MOF moiety, as porous catalyst for the one-pot preparation of 2-aryl substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazoline-4(1H)-one and 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one's derivatives. COF–MOF was characterized by FTIR, EDX, TGA, FESEM, XRD and BET. This methodology offers several advantages including solvent-free and eco-friendly conditions high yield of the products, short reaction time, simple work-up procedure, and ease of recyclability of the catalyst. Three-component reaction of isatoic anhydride (1), aromatic aldehydes (2), aniline (3) or ammonium acetate (5) and COF–MOF for the one-pot preparation of 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones (4a–j) and 2-Aryl Substituted 2,3-Dihydroquinazoline-4(1H)-one derivatives (6a–j) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetylene terminated polymers are gaining interest due to the need for easily processable thermally stable networks. The Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)—aluminum fumarate (Al_FA_A) and copper fumarate (Cu_FA_A) MOFs were synthesized and blended with bispropargyl ether (bis (4-propargyloxyphenyl) sulfone—SPE). The (SPE + 1% MOFs) blends were characterized and thermally polymerized to give P(SPE + MOFs). The synthesized materials were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TG and TG-FTIR. The addition of both MOFs decreased the enthalpy of fusion and enthalpy of curing by 60%. The addition of copper MOF to SPE drastically reduced the temperature at which the thermal curing was maximum (300 °C to 252 °C). The 2-H chromenes were formed from bispropargyl ethers by Claisen-type sigmatropic rearrangement. Compared to pure SPE, the polymers resulting from hybrid systems show a slower thermal degradation rate. The sulfone as a swivel group in SPE and the involvement of fumarate π-bonds of MOFs during polymerization make the material more versatile. The investigation concluded that these novel inorganic–organic hybrid blends may be a good start for low-temperature curable sufficiently thermally stable matrix resin systems having a wide scope of applicability in the field of filler-reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-dispersible Tb(III)-based metal organic framework (TBP) was produced by diffusion technique using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) and pyridine as easily accessible ligands at low cost. The as-synthesized TBP with a crystalline structure and rod-shaped morphology has exhibited thermal stability up to 465 °C. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and terbium in the synthesized MOF. TBP was used as a fluorescent probe for detection of danofloxacin (DANO) in an aqueous medium with significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity as compared to various fluoroquinolone antibiotics (levofloxacin (LEVO), ofloxacin (OFLO), norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO)) with a low detection limit of 0.45 ng/mL (1.25 nm). The developed method has successfully detected DANO rapidly (i.e., response time = 1 min) with remarkable recovery (97.66–101.96%) and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2.2%. Additionally, TBP showcased good reusability up to three cycles without any significant performance decline. The in-depth mechanistic studies of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and mode of action revealed that hydrogen bonding interactions and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) are the major factors for the turn-on enhancement behavior of TBP towards DANO. Thus, the present work provides the quick and precise identification of DANO using a new fluorescent MOF (TBP) synthesized via a unique and facile diffusion technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the encapsulation of two amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium glycine [Emim][Gly] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium alanine [Emim][Ala], in a highly porous metal–organic framework (MOF-177) to generate state-of-the-art composites for post-combustion CO2 capture. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated a successful encapsulation of the AAILs, with a dramatic reduction in the composites' surface areas and pore volumes. Both [Emim][Gly]@MOF-177 and [Emim][Ala]@MOF-177 had close to three times the CO2 uptake of MOF-177 at 20 wt.% loading, 0.2 bar, and 303 K. Additionally, 20-[Emim][Gly]@MOF-177 and 20-[Emim] [Ala]@MOF-177 enhanced their CO2/N2 selectivity from 5 (pristine MOF-177) to 13 and 11, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the performance of Zr-based MOF, UiO-66, modified by Dimethyl Ethylenediamine (UiO-66-mmen) for anticancer methotrexate drug (MTX) uptake. This post-synthetic modified MOF is kind of a support for carrying a medicine in biological media. The surface morphology and characteristics of the modified MOF were analyzed using SEM, EDX, FTIR, PXRD and BET. Also, the optimum values of three effective parameters including pH, MOF dosage and contact time were calculated by response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The results showed that the best conditions for pH, MOF dosage and time were 3, 0.15 g and 89 min, respectively while MTX uptake efficiency was 88.54%. The results show that the Langmuir isotherm model (qm = 1000 mg g−1) can better fit the equilibrium data, demonstrating the monolayer adsorption of MTX on UiO-66-mmen. Besides, it was revealed that three predominant mechanisms including H-bonding, interaction between Zr-sites of UiO-66 and carboxyl groups of MTX, and π–π stacking interactions govern MTX uptake on UiO-66-mmen. The kinetic data also exhibited that the Lagergren model is the predominant kinetic model and MTX adsorption on UiO-66-mmen is physical type. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis proved that MTX uptake is spontaneous, endothermic and physical type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are cost‐effective energy storage devices and display high‐energy density. To realize high round‐trip energy efficiency, it is critical to develop durable bi‐functional air electrodes, presenting high catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction reactions together. Herein, we report a nanocomposite based on ternary CoNiFe‐layered double hydroxides (LDH) and cobalt coordinated and N‐doped porous carbon (Co‐N‐C) network, obtained by the in‐situ growth of LDH over the surface of ZIF‐67‐derived 3D porous network. Co‐N‐C network contributes to the oxygen reduction reaction activity, while CoNiFe‐LDH imparts to the oxygen evolution reaction activity. The rich active sites and enhanced electronic and mass transport properties stemmed from their unique architecture, culminated into outstanding bi‐functional catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction in alkaline media. In ZABs, it displays a high peak power density of 228 mW cm−2 and a low voltage gap of 0.77 V over an ultra‐long lifespan of 950 h.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework/carbon nanotube (ZIF-67/CNTs) was prepared by precipitation method. ZIF-67/CNTs maintained the characteristics of large specific surface area and high porosity of ZIFs, showing stable cubic structure. The adsorption capacities of ZIF-67/CNTs for Cong red (CR), Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) were 36.82 mg/g, 1421.29 mg/g and 716.67 mg/g under the conditions of 2:1, 3:1 and 1:3 masses of ZIF-67 and CNTs, respectively. The optimum adsorption temperature of CR, RhB and Cr(VI) were 30 °C, and the removal rates at the adsorption equilibrium were 81.22%, 72.87% and 48.35%. The adsorption kinetic model of the three adsorbents on ZIF-67/CNTs was consistent with the quasi-second order reaction model, and the adsorption isotherms were more consistent with adsorption law of Langmuir. The adsorption mechanism for Cr(VI) was mainly electrostatic interaction, and the adsorption mechanism for azo dyes was the combination of physical and chemical adsorption. This study would provide theoretical basis for further developing metal organic framework (MOF) materials for environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of methanol oxidation electrocatalysts are based on platinum‐group metals such as platinum, palladium, and ruthenium. However, their usage is restricted because of their high cost, scarcity, and carbon monoxide toxicity concerns. We devised a simple approach for preparing a nickel foam (NF) based electrode using in‐situ synthesis of metal organic framework, such as Co‐MOF/NF, Ni‐MOF/NF, Mo‐MOF/NF, NC‐MOF/NF, MC‐MOF/NF, NM‐MOF/NF, and NMC‐MOF/NF, as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation to produce carbon dioxide and water. Catalysts were synthesized using a hydrothermal process. In methanol with alkaline electrolyte, the as‐prepared NMC‐MOF/NF catalysts had the highest current density response, such as 5641 mA/cm2, in contrast to other bimetallic and single metal‐based metal organic framework electrocatalysts supported on Ni foam. We also observed that the NMC‐MOF/NF could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide while being relatively unaffected by it. After 20,000 seconds in methanol oxidation, NMC‐MOF/NF based electrode retained about 100 % of its initial activity. Following simple synthesis technique and the improved catalytic efficiency and stability of NMC‐MOF/NF, methanol can be used to generate energy‐efficient products such as hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the need for sustainable solutions to address perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contamination, we have developed an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing two types of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles via a one-pot microwave-assisted strategy. Our innovative method not only avoids the initial depolymerization of PET bottles but also promotes environmental conservation by recycling waste materials. The La-MOF and Zr-MOF materials exhibit remarkable surface areas of 76.90 and 293.50 m2/g, respectively, with La-MOF demonstrating greater thermal stability than Zr-MOF. The maximum experimental PFOA adsorption for La-MOF and Zr-MOF was obtained at 310 and 290 mg/g, respectively. Both MOFs follow the Langmuir isotherm closely, with the adsorption of PFOA following a pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model. In packed-bed column tests, breakthrough positions of 174 and 150 min were observed for La-MOF and Zr-MOF, respectively, with corresponding bed volumes of 452 mL and 522 mL based on the PFOA limit of 0.07 µg/L in drinking water. These findings indicate that these MOFs can be used in industrial packed-bed columns to remove PFOA from contaminated water sources in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Importantly, the sorption performance of the fabricated MOFs for PFOA remained stable, decreasing by less than 10% over seven cycles. This study underscores the potential of recycled PET bottles and the one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of MOFs as an effective and environmentally friendly solution for PFOA remediation. This innovative approach has several managerial implications, such as the use of waste materials as a feedstock, which can reduce the cost of production and minimize environmental impact by promoting recycling and repurposing, enhancing the reputation of companies operating in the chemical industry, and improving their sustainability metrics. By integrating sustainability principles and waste recycling, our approach offers promising avenues for addressing PFOA contamination while promoting resource efficiency and environmental conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) containing colloidal metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as gas chromatography stationary phases to provide distinct separation properties. The behavior of four different organic frameworks in 18 ionic liquids was investigated. Metal organic frameworks flocculated, degraded, or formed colloidal dispersions in ionic liquids. The newly developed stationary phase consisted of colloidal ZIF-8 uniformly dispersed in an imidazolium-based dicationic ionic liquid which provided the first separation of permanent gases via hybrid gas–liquid chromatography. In addition, various groups of alkanes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, and Rohrschneider-McReynolds compounds were separated on this newly developed hybrid stationary phase. Equations for the three-phase model were derived to determine the behavior of solutes with this pseudophase system. Using this model, the distribution constants between all three phases were calculated. It was shown that the metal organic framework had a significant effect on solute partitioning to the stationary phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on obtaining the behavior of chemical compounds with respect to their molecular weight and optimization energy based on the variation in properties in organic carbon links. Here, behavioral analysis of compounds is used in the application of a metal organic framework to denote the high-grade compounds. The grade was selected based on the essential measure of optimization energy and molecular weight, and in turn, depicts the stability of material. Computation of the optimization energy and molecular weight of chemical compounds was performed with Avogadro software. Several force fields can be considered to compute optimized energy. Exclusively, three force fields, namely, the Universal Force Field (UFF), the General Amber Force Field (GAFF), and the Ghemical force field (Ghemical) were selected from Avogadro as these were more relevant to compounds considered in this research. The various chemical compounds examined in this work are Aluminum (Al), Boron (Br), Calcium (Ca), Chlorine (Cl), Indium (In), Potassium (K), Scandium (Sc), Silicon (Si), and Tungsten (W). Hence, molecular modeling of different compounds incorporated with three different force fields was evaluated in this work. In this study, we found that the In structure has more energy reduction, of 22.673 kJ mol−1 in UFF, when compared with the other two force fields. Thus, In has higher potential with more stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of pollutants have acute adverse effects on living bodies, and the effective removal of these pollutants remains a challenge. Safranin O (a biological dye) and merbromin (a topical mercury-containing antiseptic) are considered organic pollutants, and there are only a few reports on their removal. Synthesized and well-characterized (through PXRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDS analysis) MOF-5 was used for the first time in the removal of safranin O and merbromin from simulated wastewater and real wastewater. In both cases, MOF-5 effectively removed contaminants. We found that in simulated wastewater, the highest efficiency of removal of safranin O was 53.27% (for 15 mg/L) at pH 10, and for merbromin, it was 41.49% (for 25 mg/L) at pH 6. In the case of real wastewater containing natural ions (Na+, K+, F−, Cl−, SO42−, PO43−, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and other molecules, the removal efficiencies of these two dyes decreased (34.00% and 26.28% for safranin O and merbromin, respectively) because of the presence of other ions and molecules. A plausible mechanism for the removal of these pollutants using MOF-5 was proposed.

Owing to the size scales that can be accessed, the nanoscale has opened doors to new physical and chemical properties, not seen in the bulk. These properties are leveraged by nanomaterials (NMs) across a plethora of applications. More recently, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) have witnessed explosive growth due to the modularity of their chemical constituents, the ability to modify their composition and structure, and exceptional properties such as permanent porosity and high surface areas. These properties have prompted the investigation of these materials for applications in biological and environmental contexts. However, one aspect that is often ignored in these discussions is their safety at a nanoscale. In this mini review, we aim to initiate a discussion on the safety and toxicity of nMOFs, drawing parallels with the existing guidelines and literature on the safety of inorganic NMs. We first describe why nMOFs are of considerable interest to the scientific community followed by a discussion on routes through which they can be exposed to the environment and living organisms, particularly shedding light on their transformation mechanisms. The review also discusses the factors affecting toxicity of nMOFs, such as their size, shape, morphology, and composition. We briefly highlight potential mechanisms of toxicity and conclude with describing the need to transition towards data-intensive computational approaches such as machine learning to establish nMOFs as credible materials for their envisioned applications.

Molten salt reactor operation will necessitate circulation of a cover gas to remove certain evolved fission products and maintain an inert atmosphere. The cover gas leaving the reactor core is expected to contain both noble and non-noble gases, aerosols, volatile species, tritium, and radionuclides and their daughters. To remove these radioactive gases, it is necessary to develop a robust off-gas system, along with novel sensors to monitor the gas stream and the treatment system performance. In this study, a metal organic framework (MOF) was engineered for the capture of Xe, a major contributor to the off-gas source term. The engineered MOF column was tested with a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) sensor for noble gas monitoring. The LIBS sensor was used to monitor breakthrough tests with various Xe, Kr, and Ar mixtures to determine the Xe selectivity of the MOF column. This study offers an initial demonstration of the feasibility of monitoring off-gas treatment systems using a LIBS sensor to aid in the development of new capture systems for molten salt reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrode materials must be tailored to achieve higher energy and power densities and thus improve the supercapacitor's performance. This study explores the impact of incorporating Silver (Ag) into a Neodymium-Succinate Metal Organic Framework (Nd-Succinate) on supercapacitor behaviour. Initially, the Nd-Succinate MOF was characterized by structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterizations. Subsequently, Ag/Nd-Succinate was synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical performance of Ag/Nd-Succinate was evaluated in a 6 M KOH electrolyte; the results indicated a significant enhancement in supercapacitor performance upon incorporating Ag into parent Nd-Succinate. From galvanostatic Charge-Discharge cycles (GCD), the capacitance for Ag/Nd-Succinate was determined to be 1389 F/g, i.e., 42 % higher than that of bare Nd-Succinate which was measured at 978 F/g. at a current density of 1.25 A/g. Ag/Nd-Succinate showcased an 89 % retention value for multiple retention cycles, slightly higher than the retention value obtained (84 %) for Nd-Succinate. The results of electrochemical experiments (Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS)) provided information about the nature of electron transfer and capacitance enhancement upon the introduction of Ag into Nd-Succinate. These findings provide valuable information on modifying MOFs and introducing metal that will help produce high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. [Display omitted] • Silver incorporation into neodymium-succinate MOF for enhanced supercapacitance performance. • Enhanced supercapacitance, with Ag/Nd-Succinate showing a 42 % increase in capacitance compared to Nd-Succinate. • Superior retention rates were observed for Ag/Nd-Succinate, with 89 % retention compared to 84 % for Nd-Succinate. • Analysis of reaction mechanisms and electron transfer characteristics underlying the capacitance enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms have been popular in controlled drug delivery research because of their ability to differentiate the tumor microenvironment from the normal tissue environment in a spatiotemporally controllable manner. The synergistic therapeutic approach of combining cancer chemotherapy with photothermal tumor ablation has improved the therapeutic efficacy of cancer therapeutics. In this study, a UiO-66 metal organic framework (MOF)-based system loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), surface decorated with the photothermal agents indocyanine green (ICG) and polydopamine (PDA), and conjugated with transferrin (TF) was successfully designed to operate as a responsive system to pH changes, featuring photothermal capabilities and target specificity for the purpose of treating breast cancer. The synthesized nanoplatform benefits from its uniform size, excellent DOX encapsulation efficiency (91.66 %), and efficient pH/NIR-mediated controlled release of the drug. In vitro photothermal studies indicate excellent photothermal stability of the formulation even after 6 on–off cycles of NIR irradiation. The in vitro cytotoxicity assessment using an NIR laser (808 nm) revealed that the DOX-loaded functionalized UiO-66 nanocarriers had outstanding inhibitory effects on 4T1 cells because of synergistic chemo-photo therapies, with no substantial toxicity by the carriers. In addition, cellular uptake evaluations revealed that UiO-DOX-ICG@PDA-TF could specifically target 4T1 cells on the basis of receptor-mediated internalization of transferrin receptors. Additionally, in vivo toxicity studies in Wistar rats indicated no signs of significant toxicity. The UiO-based nanoformulations effectively inhibited and destroyed cancer cells under 808 nm laser irradiation because of their minimal toxicity, strong biocompatibility, and outstanding synergistic chemo/photothermal/photodynamic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials stems from their heightened storage capacity and superior conductivity. Here, we synthesized a metal-organic framework of manganese (Mn-MOF) and introduced reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doping into this heterostructure using a hydrothermal method. Subsequently, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene was prepared via a template method. The Mn-MOF@rGO was then combined with Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene in a 50/50 wt% ratio using hydrothermal techniques, and their structural and electrochemical characteristics were evaluated. In 3-electrode measurements, the MnMOF@rGO/Ti 3 C 2 T x composite conductor exhibited a precise capacity of 2645C/g (5.29C/cm3) at 1.8 A/g. Furthermore, a hybrid device termed a supercapattery was fabricated employing MnMOF@rGO/Ti 3 C 2 T x along with activated carbon (AC) composite electrodes, demonstrating remarkable energy density of 67 Wh/kg and an impressive power density of 880 W/kg. After 8000 cycles, the electrode exhibited 84 % capacity retention and maintained 92 % columbic efficiency. In the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the MnMOF@rGO/Ti 3 C 2 T x composite displayed a minimal Tafel slope of 54.65 mV/dec. These two-dimensional composite electrodes offer novel avenues for the advancement of high-performance energy device. • Mn-MOF@rGO/Ti 3 C 2 T x is synthesized by the hydrothermal method used as a battery-grade electrode for supercapattery devices. • An outstanding specific capacity of 2645C/g is obtained. • The remarkable high-energy density of 67 Wh/kg at a power density of 880 W/kg is conceived. • Excellent cyclic stability of 84 % capacity retention is obtained after 8000 charge-discharge cycles are estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show how classical density functional theory can greatly benefit from algorithmic advances in machine learning, especially neural networks. By exploiting GPU-accelerated backward automatic differentiation, we overcome the often cumbersome and error-prone implementation of functional derivatives for classical density functional theory computations. This provides an efficient and straightforward solution for computing functional derivatives, opening up a wide range of applications. We show the gain in computational performance by using backward automatic differentiation to compute the functional derivatives on GPUs, and exemplify the use of this easy-to-implement and highly extensible classical density functional theory framework to predict the adsorption isotherms of a methane/ethane mixture described by a Helmholtz energy functional based on the PC-SAFT equation of state in the covalent-organic framework 2,3-DhaTph. Together with this manuscript, we provide the full classical density functional theory code as supplementary material. • Automatic differentiation accelerates classical density functional theory on GPUs. • Easy-to-code classical DFT implementation for 1, 2, or 3 dimensions. • Application to adsorption in covalent organic frameworks. • Enables mass screening or structure optimization for adsorption applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the encapsulation of two amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium glycine [Emim][Gly] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium alanine [Emim][Ala], in a highly porous metal–organic framework (MOF-177) to generate state-of-the-art composites for post-combustion CO2 capture. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated a successful encapsulation of the AAILs, with a dramatic reduction in the composites’ surface areas and pore volumes. Both [Emim][Gly]@MOF-177 and [Emim][Ala]@MOF-177 had close to three times the CO2 uptake of MOF-177 at 20 wt.% loading, 0.2 bar, and 303 K. Additionally, 20-[Emim][Gly]@MOF-177 and 20-[Emim] [Ala]@MOF-177 enhanced their CO2/N2 selectivity from 5 (pristine MOF-177) to 13 and 11, respectively.

During tumorigenesis and cancer progression, tumor microenvironment (TME) is continuously remodeled and a high intertumoral heterogeneity emerges due to hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis, etc., Recently, modulation of TME has received increasing attention for improving cancer therapy, which can solve some critical therapeutic problems such as unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency and severe side effects. In recent years, organic framework materials (OFMs) have been designed to significantly improve cancer therapy by modulating TME, benefited from their well-organized structure, high porosity, abundant active sites, and easy post-synthetic modification. In this review, we mainly summarize the key points for fabricating OFMs with potential applications in cancer therapy, the strategies of regulating TME based on the OFMs, including the regulation of temperature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), immune environment, gas content, and glucose concentration. The changes of TME caused by these OFMs could improve the therapeutic effect and minimize the side effects. Lastly, the existing problems and prospects of OFMs in regulating TME and improving cancer therapy are also discussed.

Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to people's health. Efforts are being made to develop antibacterial agents that can inhibit bacterial growth, prevent biofilm formation, and kill bacteria. In recent years, materials based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention for various antibacterial applications due to their high specific surface area, high enzyme-like activity, and continuous release of metal ions. This paper reviews the recent progress of MOFs as antibacterial agents, focusing on preparation methods, fundamental antibacterial mechanisms, and strategies to enhance their antibacterial effects. Finally, several prospects related to MOFs for antibacterial application are proposed, aiming to provide possible research directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis optimization of the metal organic framework (MOF) UiO-66 has been carried out using 2-aminoterephthalic acid functional group, a zirconium salt and a modulator grafted into the UiO-66 framework. Reaction parameters such as the effects of temperature, reaction time, the nature of the zirconium salt and the ligand, the molar ratio between the zirconium salt and the ligand, the quantity of the modulator, the solvent and the effect of added water have been investigated. The synthesized MOFs have demonstrated excellent chemical and thermal stability, which ensured them to be used as carriers for drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A NiFe bimetallic metal organic framework (MOF) deposited on nickel foam and processed by low-pressure plasmas with 95%Ar+5%H 2 , pure Ar, and 95%Ar+5%O 2 gases is used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. An alkaline solution (1 M KOH) with 95%Ar+5%H 2 plasma processed NiFe-MOFs/NF exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance with the lowest overpotential of 149 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1. Furthermore, electrical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry show that after 95%Ar+5%H 2 plasma treatment, the interfacial impedance greatly reduces, and the electrical double-layer capacitance slightly increased. • Growing NiFe-MOFs on nickel foam by hydrothermal method. • Low pressure plasma processed electrode to enhance performance for OER. • Attain current density of 10 mA cm−2 just 149 mV. • Overpotential increases merely 29 mV after 12 h of durability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonication-supported hydrothermal process was used to synthesize nanoporous carbon composites of NiCo 2 S 4 @N−MWCNT and NiCo 2 S 4 @N−MWCNT/MOF67 for supercapacitor applications. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the synthesized composites were improved the use of the hydrothermal process. The composite electrodes were assembled via three-electrode configuration using 6 M KOH as electrolyte solution. The NiCo 2 S 4 @N−MWCNT and NiCo 2 S 4 @N−MWCNT/MOF-67 composites showed the specific capacitance of (254 and ∼455) F/g, respectively, at 1 A/g. Due to the incorporation of the metal organic framework nano porous structured composite, the increment of the specific capacitance was almost 1.78-fold. The electrode shows excellent capacitance retention of 98.43% and improved the cyclic stability in presence of 6 M KOH electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Developing high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) with tunable nano-microstructures is of great significance for solving increased electromagnetic radiation pollution. Three-dimensional hierarchical networks within magnetic metal nanoparticles are promising candidates with the great balance of enhanced electromagnetic wave attenuation and impedance matching, but hard to construct. Herein, a two-step electrospinning/in-situ self-assembly strategy was employed, successfully synthesizing a 3D hierarchical core-shell NC@Co/NC nanofiber network (NC@Co/NC-900). The N-doped Carbon (NC) core fibers (diameter of ∼250 nm) built a 3D-conductive network, while the Co@C nanoparticles (diameter of ∼20 nm) embedded into N-doped Carbon (Co/NC) shell (thickness of ∼50 nm) enhanced the polarization loss and magnetic loss. More importantly, the controlled transformation of Co@C nanoparticles in the shell was realized by modulating the calcination temperature at 900 °C, showing an optimal homogeneously dispersion in a narrow particle size distribution in the range of 15–25 nm. Uniformly multiple reflection in core-shell NC@Co/NC-900 fiber network enhanced the electromagnetic wave attenuation with the optimal impedance matching, displaying excellent RL min of −55.82 dB at 11.60 GHz and wide EAB of 7.44 GHz in a low filler loading of 15 wt %. The whole X and Ku bands could be fully covered in different thickness of 4.0 and 3.0 mm. This work presents a superior nano-micro structural design strategy on 3D hierarchical networks with multiple reflections. A 3D hierarchical core-shell nanofiber network with controllable temperature-induced transformation of Co@C nanoparticles in the shell was elaborately constructed, showing enhanced electromagnetic attenuation and impedance matching. The brilliant EWA was realized, which can fully cover the whole X and Ku bands. This work represents a superior structural design strategy towards hierarchical 3D network. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractionation of essential oils is technically challenging due to enormous scaffold diversities and structural complexities as well as difficulties in the implementation of the fractionation in the gas phase. Packing beads with multi-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures have been developed herein to pack fractional columns for atmospheric distillations. Activated alumina beads were coated with a porous TiO2 thin film. Growth of Cu-BTC (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) crystals in resultant porous surfaces leads to the generation of new nanopores and increased metal centers for differential coordination with diverse components of essential oils. The TiO2 thin film is not only an integral part of the composites but also induces the oriented growth of Cu-BTC metal organic framework (MOF) crystals through coordinative interactions. These Al2O3@TiO2@Cu-BTC MOF beads show very strong absorptive capability for major components of essential oils, except for a single cyclic ether eucalyptol with steric hindrances. The eucalyptol was fractionated by using the column packed with those modified alumina beads from raw materials of Artemisia argyi, and Rosmarinus officinalis with high purities up to 96% and 93%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have numerous practical applications including hydrogen storage, drug delivery, separation processes and sensing. Sensing is particularly important in the mineral processing sector, where the success of mineral leaching processes depends upon the development of reliable and efficient methods for the detection of ferric ions (Fe 3 + ). Here, we examine the atomic interactions between a hydrated ferric ion and an europium-based MOF with a view to the development of a sensing device capable of determining the ferric ion concentration in an analyte solution. Using a continuum approach together with the Lennard-Jones potential, we determine the Lennard-Jones (van der Waals) interaction energy and force between a hydrated ferric ion and a MOF pore. The hydrated ferric ion is modelled as a point at the centre of two concentric spheres, while the MOF pore is modelled by a semi-infinite cylinder. The model predicts that it is energetically more favourable for the hydrated ferric ion to reside inside the MOF pore and that the greatest attractive force is experienced at the entrance of the MOF pore. However, the hydrated ferric ion is unlikely to enter the MOF pore because it is geometrically larger than the free space inside. This means that in practice the hydrated ferric ion will remain on the surface of the MOF crystal, considerably simplifying ion removal. This property will be useful for washing and reusing the sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, researchers have emphasized the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are made up of metallic ions and organic compounds as ligands. MOFs have an extensive list of potential applications as corrosion-inhibiting nanomaterials due to inherent notable characteristics, which include an enormous effective area, pore size manipulation, changeable behavior and molecular framework, and a wide range of potentially active domains. The current review focuses on the latest research on the utilization of metal-organic frameworks as anti-corrosive material. Herein, this review focuses on the latest research progress of MOF-based corrosion protection materials and reviews their anticorrosion performance, including the commonly concerned synthesis approaches of MOFs for corrosion protection with their respective advantages and shortcomings, the different anticorrosion applications, latest techniques used for screening MOF corrosion inhibition performance and the presented challenges that need to be conquered in practical applications. Meanwhile, we explained the corrosion protection mechanisms of MOFs when serve as inhibitors, nano-containers, and surface protecting coatings. At the end of this review, the future outlooks of MOFs for corrosion protection is provided, we hope this review will illuminate the achievement of high performed anticorrosion MOFs and offer new ideas for the development of MOF-based materials for future corrosion protection application. • The fundamental understandings of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials as corrosion inhibitors are described. • Manufacturing methods for MOF-based anticorrosion materials are discussed. • The anticorrosion applications and protection mechanisms of MOFs are summarized. • Application of recent techniques for screening MOFs anticorrosion properties. • Challenges and future pathway for increasing the anticorrosion demand of MOFs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Self-supported electrodes of MOF and its oxides grown on carbon cloth were prepared. • Abundant oxygen vacancies were obtained in MOF derived oxides using NaBH 4 as etchant. • The prepared electrode V O -(Fe,Co) 3 O 4 @CC showed excellent OER performance. • The prepared V O -(Fe,Co) 3 O 4 @CC can be used as an air cathode for zinc air batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) find wide-ranging applications owing to their adjustable structures, diverse compositions, and large specific surface area. In this work, MOFs materials were grown in situ on carbon cloth, yielding self-supported electrodes V O -(Fe,Co) 3 O 4 @CC rich in oxygen vacancies through a simple high-temperature annealing treatment utilizing NaBH 4 as an etchant. Thus the resulting self-supported electrode V O -(Fe,Co) 3 O 4 @CC exhibited excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, achieving an overpotential of merely 288 mV at 10 mA cm−2, along with a low Tafel slope of 31.39 mV dec-1, and demonstrating robust long-term activity and stability. In addition, a liquid zinc-air battery was assembled utilizing the prepared V O -(Fe,Co) 3 O 4 @CC as an air cathode, achieving a high open-circuit voltage of 1.46 V and a high peak power density of 89.06 mW cm−2, and it maintained excellent cycling stability during cyclic charging and discharging (with a current density of 2 mA cm−2) over a 32 h period. Meanwhile, the self-supported electrode V O -(Fe,Co) 3 O 4 @CC served as an air cathode for assembling an all-solid-state flexible zinc-air battery (ZAB), demonstrating a high peak power density (38.21 mW cm−2) and exhibiting favorable cycling stability. This experiment offers insights into the potential application of MOF-derived electrocatalysts in water decomposition and zinc-air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanozymes are potential candidates for constructing sensors due to their adjustable activity, high stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, due to the lack of reasonable means, designing and preparing efficient nanozymes remains challenging. Herein, inspired by the property of natural laccase, we applied the novel and facile low-temperature plasma (LTP) technology to fabricate a series of different base-ligand Cu metal organic framework (MOF) nanozymes (namely, A-Cu, G-Cu, C-Cu and T-Cu nanozymes) with laccase-like activity successfully. Owing to the different catalytic capacities of four types of base-Cu-MOF nanozymes in the response to five common effective bioactive substances, we constructed the nanozyme-encoded array sensor for the identification of different bioactive compounds. As a result, the four-channel colorimetric sensor array was constructed, in which four laccase-like nanozymes were utilized as the sensing units, achieving high-throughput, high-sensitivity and rapid detection/identification of five common bioactive compounds in the concentration range of 1.5–150 μg mL−1 through different color output patterns. It is worth noting that the as-prepared sensor array can successfully distinguish the natural bioactive compounds in a variety of real samples. Furthermore, with the assistance of smartphones, we also designed a portable smart sensing approach for detecting the bioactive compounds effectively in food. This study has therefore not only provided an effective way for preparation highly effectively nanozymes, but also established a new sensing platform for intelligent sensing of bioactive components in food. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are a group of 2D material which have been derived from the layered transition metal nitrides and carbides and have the characteristics like electrical conductivity, high surface area and variable surface chemical composition. Self-assembly of clusters/metal ions and organic linkers forms metal organic framework (MOF). Their advantages of ultrahigh porosity, highly exposed active sites and many pore architectures have garnered them a lot of attention. But poor conductivity and instability plague several conventional MOF. To address the issue, MOF can be linked with MXenes that have rich surface functional groups and excellent electrical conductivity. In this review, different etching methods for exfoliation of MXene along with the synthesis methods of MXene/MOF composites are reviewed, including hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, in-situ growth method, and self-assembly method. Moreover, application of these MXene/MOF composites for catalytic water splitting and wastewater treatment were also discussed in details. In addition to increasing a single MOF conductivity and stability, MXenes can add a variety of new features, such the template effect. Due to these benefits, MXene/MOF composites can be effectively used in several applications, including photocatalytic/electrocatalytic water splitting, adsorption and degradation of pollutants from wastewater. Finally, the authors explored the current challenges and the future opportunities to improve the efficiency of MXene/MOF composites. [Display omitted] • The synthesis methods of MXene and MOF are discussed. • The synthesis of MXene-MOF composites offers a unique approach to enhance material performance. • Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene layers played as support for in-situ growth of functionalized MOF. • The influences of structures, on the properties for MOF/MXene composites arediscussed. • The challenges and development prospects are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of stable and highly active non-precious metal electrocatalysts as a substitute to precious metal i.e., Pt (state-of-the-art) for methanol oxidation reaction in the application of direct methanol fuel cell considerably impedes the commercialization of these energy devices. In this work the electrocatalytic investigation of Fe-In MOF and its g-C3N4-based composites (i.e., 5–8 wt% g-C3N4@ Fe-In MOF) for methanol oxidation is reported. All the catalysts were prepared via solvothermal method. XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR were used to characterize the Fe-In MOF and its 5–8wt% g-C3N4 composites. In comparison to other prepared g-C3N4 based Fe-In MOF composites, the 7wt% g-C3N4 @ Fe-In MOF catalyst showed much greater electrochemical activity (i.e., 95.54 mA/cm2) and stability of 72.45% in 1 M NaOH and 3 M CH3OH. Due to graphitic carbon nitride specified high catalytic activity, intercalation, ion exchange, and redox properties. Further, the availability of iron (Fe) and indium (In) may also show a significant role in enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of 7wt% g-C3N4 @ Fe-In MOF over Fe-In MOF. They could be viewed as stable and economical electrocatalysts due to their numerous advantageous characteristics in structure, content, and nitrogen doping level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]