Search

Bator Damian, Jańczyk Magdalena, Samek Ilona, Wójcik Magdalena, Dąbrowska Justyna, Łopuszańska Urszula. Effectiveness of Equine Assisted Activities or Therapies in relation to mental illness and mental disorders - a review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(6):309-320. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.06.033 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.06.033 https://zenodo.org/record/3923186 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.06.2020. Revised: 15.06.2020. Accepted: 30.06.2020. Effectiveness of Equine Assisted Activities or Therapies in relation to mental illness and mental disorders - a review Damian Bator, Magdalena Jańczyk, Ilona Samek, Magdalena Wójcik, JustynaDąbrowska, Urszula Łopuszańska Damian Bator1 , 0000-0002-8464-932X, bat199979@gmail.com Magdalena Jańczyk1, 0000-0002-4948-9463, magdajanczyk7@gmail.com Ilona Samek1, 0000-0002-5538-5396, samekilona@gmail.com Magdalena Wójcik1, 0000-0002-0999-6284, magdalena.wojcik967@gmail.com Justyna Dąbrowska1 , 0000-0002-1356-6965, jdabrowska00@gmail.com dr n. med. Urszula Łopuszańska2 , 0000-0001-6517-7577, urszula.lopuszanska@umlub.pl 1) Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Applied Psychology of the Medical University in Lublin 2) Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin Summary Introduction and purpose: the Terminology Guidelines of the American Hippotherapy Association defines Equine Assisted Activities or Therapies (EAA/T) as a collection of different forms of contact between man and horse. EAA/T have become increasingly common interventions in the last decade, demonstrating therapeutic benefits in various areas of mental health. The aim of this report is to identify the forms and programmes of EAA/T that are used and to summarise and assess the latest available evidences of their clinical effectiveness in the treatment of symptoms of mental illness and disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome or schizophrenia. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, a literature review has been conducted to summarise existing evidence relating to the subject matter of the study in a descriptive manner. Description of the state of knowledge: 13 findings were found in autism spectrum disorders (1 review paper and 5 research papers), post-traumatic stress syndrome (1 review paper and 4 research papers), schizophrenia (1 review paper), and children whose parents were addicted (1 research paper). Summary: the results of the research indicate that Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies (EAA/T), including horse riding, may be beneficial for people with mental illnesses and disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome, schizophrenia, and for people whose parents were addicted. The promising results so far support further research projects. Key words: hippotherapy; equine assisted; mental illness

This dissertation examined how exercise can influence culture change for staff working within mental health settings to address the health disparities of people with mental illness. Chapter one is an introduction and summarised the important concepts forming basis of the research conducted as part of this thesis. In Chapter two, a systematic review of exercise interventions targeting mental health staff was conducted to identify existing literature. Given the novel nature of this area, only a limited number of articles were identified, however it was determined that mental health staff focused exercise interventions were feasible and acceptable. Chapter three examined the knowledge and attitudes of Australian psychiatrists toward physical health monitoring and exercise interventions for people with mental illness. Chapter four presents the results of an exercise intervention delivered to mental health staff within a real-world mental health service. Chapter five contains results of a qualitative study evaluating the perspectives of mental health staff in a hospital following the implementation of an exercise professional in the service. Thematic analysis was used to understand the impact of the exercise professional on both the health outcomes of people with mental illness within the service and the impacts on workplace culture regarding physical activity promotion. Chapter six outlined the results of a cross-sectional study examining the views of a final year university exercise physiology students at a large university towards people with mental illness. The results in this study can be used by universities to inform the design and delivery of education and training regarding mental health. This in turn may assist students studying exercise physiology or related fields and better preparing them for entering the workforce and working with people with mental illness. The results in this dissertation provided clear directions regarding training, staff culture, and developing exercise programs within mental health services. Further research is needed to determine if improving staff physical health improves the physical health outcomes of people with mental illness. Innovative and translational research studies in pragmatic mental health environments may be a vital step to increasing the impact of physical health interventions for people with mental illness.

Diplomska naloga se ukvarja s tem, kako so obravnavali koncept norosti v 19. stoletju. Tematiko osvetli tako z zgodovinskega kot s filozofskega vidika. S filozofskega vidika je v ospredju Foucaultevo raziskovanje na tem področju ter vpliv Freuda in psihoanalize, ki se pojavi ob koncu stoletja, z zgodovinskega pa podrobnejši pregled, ravnanja z duševnimi bolniki v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah. Ključno vprašanje, s katerim se ukvarja, pa je sama sprememba v obravnavanju duševne bolezni in duševno bolnih skozi 19. stoletje. The undergraduate thesis deals with the problem of how they examine concept of insanity in 19. century. It shows thematic both from historical and philosophical point of view. In philosophical point of view the main problem is Foucault's research in this area and impact of Freud and his psychoanalysis, which comes to life at the end of century, from historical point of view, the main problem is more detailed review of how they treated mentally ill in psychiatric hospitals. Key issue, with which the undergraduate thesis deals with is the change on how they examine mental ilness and mentally ill in 19. century.

The purpose of our research is to study and explore the mental ilness field and its treatment with the traditional Moroccan medecine. In fact, the mental ilness field reveals a plurality of remedies associated with modern psychiatric care, a care by traditioonal system that occupies a very important place in the Moroccan health system such as fqīhs, and holy healers. In this regard, we have chosen to shed light on these means used in order to define their limits by revealing all types of practices of wichcraft linked to the supernaturel representation introduced by traditional practioners, such as the most famous Saint Būyā Umār (16th century) whou used to host the practice of chaining mentally ill people. This problematic situation sparked a great contreversy in 2015 witch ended up by its closure., L'objet de notre travail de recherche est d'étudier et d'explorer le domaine de la maladie mentale et son traitement par la médecine traditionnelle au Maroc. En fait, le domaine de la maladie mentale dévoile une pluralité de recours joignant à la prise en charge psychiatrique moderne, une prise en charge par un système de soins traditionnels- qui occupe une place très importante dans le système sanitaire marocain- tels que les fqīhs, les voyantes, et les saints guérisseurs. A cet égard, nous avons opté pour mettre la lumière sur ces moyens traditionnels afin de cerner leurs limites en dévoilant tous types de pratiques touchant à la dignité humaine. Il s'agit des pratiques de la sorcellerie liées à des représentations surnaturelles présentées par des tradi-praticiens en l’occurrence le saint Būyā Umār (XVIesiècle), le plus célèbre au Maroc qui abritait des malades enchaînés et mal traités. Cette situation problématique a déclenché une grande polémique en 2015 et a fini par sa fermeture.

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Comunitária Nos últimos anos, o recovery emergiu como um novo paradigma na saúde mental. Com base nas narrativas das pessoas com experiência de doença mental e nos resultados de vários trabalhos de investigação, o recovery é uma experiência mais comum do que era tradicionalmente expectável e uma possibilidade para as pessoas com doença mental. O paradigma do recovery tem vindo também a ser proposto como linha orientadora do planeamento dos serviços e das políticas públicas de saúde mental. Este estudo tem como objectivo aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os factores organizacionais dos serviços de suporte comunitários que são promotores dos processos de recovery das pessoas com experiência de doença mental, no sentido de contribuir para a melhoria das intervenções. O estudo foi realizado numa organização comunitária. Utilizando uma metodologia de investigação-acção participativa, analisou as percepções que os três grupos de stakeholders - utilizadores dos serviços, as suas famílias e os profissionais, têm sobre práticas desenvolvidas pela organização, envolvendo os participantes na análise dos resultados e na elaboração de propostas de melhoria dos serviços. Os serviços orientados para o recovery adoptam uma abordagem ecológica na sua análise dos problemas e estratégias de intervenção, desenvolvem uma cultura de esperança e empowerment, estabelecem uma relação coíaborativa e de partilha de poder entre os vários os stakeholders e promovem a participação e integração social das pessoas com experiência de doença mental.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Comunitária Sendo notória a pertinência das questões relacionadas com a saúde mental dada a sua elevada incidência à escala mundial, surgem novos debates em torno do conceito emergente de recovery. A relação entre a medicação psiquiátrica e o recovery é um tema complexo e controverso, estando a área da saúde mental repleta de relatos que salientam o valor dos medicamentos no recovery e, em simultâneo, de opiniões que testemunham uma posição contrária à medicação, realçando os seus efeitos secundários severos e debilitantes. Abandonando uma focalização excessiva na doença e nos seus sintomas, o objectivo deste trabalho é compreender quais as percepções e perspectivas de indivíduos com experiência de doença mental acerca da utilização da medicação no recovery. Utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa, realizaram-se 35 entrevistas semi-estruturadas a indivíduos com experiência de doença mental, pertencentes a uma organização comunitária - Associação para o Estudo e Integração Psicossocial. As entrevistas foram analisadas através da técnica de análise de conteúdo, com a utilização do software Nvivo 7. Os resultados indicam que os participantes consideram que a utilização da medicação é 'uma solução de recurso' e que apesar dos efeitos secundários, constitui uma ajuda para a realização das actividades diárias, conferindo sensações de 'tranquilidade e segurança'. Dos discursos ressalta a ideia de que a medicação não é tida como a única opção racional para reduzir os sintomas da doença. A medicação é apenas uma de entre muitas opções e escolhas no recovery, sendo evidente o desejo dos participantes serem considerados pessoas com uma vida para além dos sintomas e da medicação. Esta visão do papel da medicação permite concluir acerca de uma necessária transição paradigmática dos modelos médicos para que contemplem formas holísticas de abordagem da doença mental, continuando a existir necessidade de explorar, em colaboração com pessoas com experiência de doença mental, diferentes formas de orientar práticas e serviços que possam constituir ajudas potenciais do recovery.

The way in which societies relate to madness is in accordance with dominant concepts about the world (Benedict, 1934; Devereux, 1970). Modern rationality has created mental illness as an ‘object’ controlled by medicine (Foucault, 1987).The concepts, attitudes and practices associated with mental illness in modern societies are different in the scientific universe of psychiatry and in the lay universe that is culturally distant from the scientific representation of the body, the disease and the patient (Devereux, 1970). The semi‐peripheric condition of Portuguese society is the factor which allows characteristics typical of developed societies to co‐exist on a par with characteristics typical of less developed and less complex societies (Santos, 1990). This situation leads us to believe that inside the more universal system of modernity, the explanation of insanity and mental illness in Portuguese society contains some specifics. The study that we present here centers on the lay knowledge system in explaining mental suffering and mental illness. In this context we try to understand to what level the common universe of perceptions, attitudes and practices associated with mental suffering and mental illness has been penetrated by psychiatry. What other thought and action systems apart from this, can people turn to? How people identify, conceive, explain and deal with mental suffering and with mental illness? We try to understand the various elements of the mental life such as thoughts, beliefs, values, feelings, actions, as mediations of the interaction between the personal and the social and cultural spheres. This work was influenced by Geertz’s argument to describe experience from ‘the native’s point of view’ (Geertz, 1983) and the Lahire’s (2005) argument about the ‘plurality of habitus and contexts of action’ ‐ deriving from Bourdieu’s (1979) conceptualization about habitus ‐ that influence the social action. Our report is the result of the analysis of information gathered from interviews with a diverse random sample of 68 men and women from the north of Portugal. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Ms.B’s art work at the art workshop, makes possible an interesting reflection around ideas of fragment, rest, collage and contemporaneity. The associations Ms. B formulates, and the forms these associations acquire, offer the opportunity to witness the transit of subjects placed among the real of the body - what can not be represented - toward the symbolic, toward the field of the ideal... Although this circuit seems impossible to be completed, Ms. B. describes the art workshop as what keeps her in touch with the Day Center.