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Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginekologia i Perinatologia Praktyczna is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Magyar Nőorvosok Lapja is the property of Hungarian Society of Obsterics & Gynaecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magyar Nőorvosok Lapja is the property of Hungarian Society of Obsterics & Gynaecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The accidental detection of a large multinodular goiter may be done amid investigations for various menstrual cycle anomalies in terms of polycyclic ovaries syndrome or menopause recognition. Our objective was to introduce a series of two cases that started as menstrual cycle anomalies and, finally, a larger goiter was detected during specific investigations followed by total thyroidectomy. The first case was a female in her early 50s, with menopause-like symptoms and neck compressive accuses who was confirmed with a menopausal status, but also with multinodular goiter with a dominant nodule (that displayed tracheal deviation) requiring thyroid removal. The second case was a young female who was followed for a polycystic ovary syndrome and confirmed amid these evaluations with goiter since her teenager years. She developed compressive symptoms requiring thyroid surgery. Both cases displayed benign postoperative features. Menopausal status and polycystic ovary syndrome have been reported to be associated with multinodular goiter. The presence of the menstrual cycle anomalies might bring attention to the thyroid status or may require a differentiation of the symptoms, as seen here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem is an individual’s subjective belief about herself. It is not static in nature, hence it is legitimate to examine it during the menopausal period, when women face the physical and psychosocial reconstruction of their own self. Menopausal symptoms, depending on their severity, can affect an individual’s functioning on many levels. In addition to self-assessment, the subjective age of the respondents, that is their individual assessment of the number of years they have lived and their body appearance in relation to their chronological age, was examined. The purpose of the study was to describe the specificity of the relationship between the intensity of menopausal symptoms of 50-year-old women and their self-esteem, as well as to differentiate the level of self-esteem of the women surveyed by their subjectively perceived age. The study group consisted of menopausal women (N = 90) in the age range of 50–59 years (M = 52.72; SD = 2.56). The tools used in the study included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) in the Polish adaptation of Dzwonkowska, Lachowicz-Tabaczek and Łaguna and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). In order to examine the subjective age of female respondents, they were asked open-ended questions regarding their subjective feelings about their age and appearance. The results showed that the level of intensity of menopausal symptoms correlates with the respondents’ level of self-esteem. In addition, the existence of a correlation between subjective age and self-esteem was discovered, which may indicate the protective function of having a reduced subjective age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hypertonia és Nephrologia is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magyar Nőorvosok Lapja is the property of Hungarian Society of Obsterics & Gynaecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Pharmaceutica Cassoviensia is the property of University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy in Kosice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper traces the gradual transition from a society in which the age structure graph for female deaths has two distinct peaks punctuated by an area of low mortality at menopause (as if menopause reverses the trend, giving women a new life expectancy), to a model in which the age structure for men and women is similar, but women die later. The change observed was that the local minimum for female deaths (aged 41-45) remained the same, but one of the maxima (the group of women for whom life expectancy ended at the end of childbearing age) disappeared. Male deaths do not exhibit such a pattern, which can account for why men have benefited much less from the increase in life expectancy. The analysis is based on 470,000 Polish newspaper obituaries from 1845 to 1939 in which 205,000 people were listed, and from these 165,000 were selected for whom the age at death is known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dietetician.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Covid-19 fear on healthy lifestyle behaviors in menopausal women living in the Southeastern Anatolia region. Material and methods. As of April and June 2021, a descriptive, cross-sectional and relationship-seeking design study was completed with 203 participants who were in the menopausal period and who were between the ages of 40 and 65 and were living in the provinces of Gaziantep, Diyarbakir, Şanliurfa, Batman, Adiyaman, Siirt, Mar din, Kilis, Şirnakinthe Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The data were collected using the descriptive information form prepared by the researchers, the Fear of Covid-19 Scale, the Menopause Symptoms Evaluation Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II. Descriptive statistical analyses, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskall Wallis H test and Spearman Correlation Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results. The mean age of the participants was 55.7±5.6 years (min: 40, max: 69), the highest scores in the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II were found in the sub-dimensions of "spiritual development" (23.4±3.2) and "interpersonal relations" (23.1±3.3). In the Menopause Symptoms Evaluation Scale total and sub-dimension scores, it was determined that the "somatic complaints" (10.4±2.6) and "psychological complaints" sub-dimensions (10.7±3.1) had the highest scores. Conclusions. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the participants' Fear of Covid-19 Scale scores and Menopause Symptoms Evaluation Scale total and sub-dimension scores. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Menopause Symptoms Evaluation Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II and certain sub-dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magyar Nőorvosok Lapja is the property of Hungarian Society of Obsterics & Gynaecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KONTAKT - Journal of Nursing & Social Sciences related to Health & Illness is the property of University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of State & Society / Państwo i Społeczeństwo is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osteoporosis remains a public health issue due to the predisposition of the affected bone to fracture. At present, it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among the elderly worldwide. We intend to present a different aspect of osteoporosis types and their clinical evaluation based on biochemical markers, a useful tool for healthcare practitioners involved in the management of this pathology. This article presents more than osteoporosis in menopause. This short review of osteoporosis presents osteoporosis during pregnancy, osteoporosis and immobilization, drug-induced osteoporosis and osteoporosis in rheumatic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study examined the effects of a 9 months exercise program on the handgrip strength and anthropometric parameters in postmenopausal women. Participants and methods: The study included 122 postmenopausal women divided into the exercise group (n=94) and the control group (n=28). Each participant was assessed prior and after 9 months of rhe exercise program performed. The control group was tested only once. Anthropometric parameters including body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, and waist to hip ratio (WHR), as well as the handgrip strength were measured. Results: According to the results of this study, the participants included in the exercise program showed a significant difference between BMI (p<0.05) and WHR (p<0.05) compared to the measurement performed at the beginning of exercise. Also, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the handgrip strength between the first and second measurements. The right handgrip strength at the end of the exercise program was 26.03±5.04 kg, which is significantly higher compared to the first measurement of 24.51±5.68 kg. In addition, the left handgrip strength after the second measurement was 24.7±5.11 kg, which is significantly higher compared to the first measurement of 23.39±5.77 kg. Conclusion: Results suggest that a 9-month exercise program leads to an improvement in the handgrip strength. Furthermore, a significant difference between BMI and WHR was found in all participants at the end of the exercise program, which indicates a positive impact of resistance exercise on the anthropometric characteristics of postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenopause and menopause are nowadays a matter of public health, due to the increasing life expectancy for wo men. The medical issues related to the period of pre me-no pause and menopause are important, since they can alter the quality of the woman’s life. EstroPlus® is a natural for mu la containing phytoestrogens extracted from soy germs (Glycine hisipida) with 40% isoflavones (45 mg), vi ta min E (25.2 mg) and 30 mg of grapeseed extract (Vitis vi ni fera) with 95% proanthocyanidins. The natural therapy for reducing the symptoms of menopause, aspects regarding the value of the treatment of surgical induced menopause with phytoestrogens, is a preliminary study. EstroPlus® study had a 6-month monitoring period in 2011 and involved four in ves ti ga ting physicians from the Bega Clinical Hospital of Ob ste trics and Gynecology, under the coordination of Prof. D. Anastasiu (MD, PhD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of General Practitioner / Lekarz POZ is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magyar Nőorvosok Lapja is the property of Hungarian Society of Obsterics & Gynaecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epidemiological Review / Przegląd Epidemiologiczny is the property of National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aim. In menopausal women lipid and lipoprotein values are important predictors of development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The use of estrogens reduces levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and lipoprotein A [Lp(a)], and increases levels of triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) depending on the dose and route of administration. Simultaneous administration of progesterone, depending on the type, can have different effects on lipids. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of estroprogestagen therapy on the lipid metabolism of women in menopause, depending on the administration route. Methods. A study was conducted as prospective clinical interventional study with controlled parallel groups. It included 64 women in menopause, divided into three groups: the group 1 (n = 22) on oral therapy with estroprogestagens, the group 2 (n = 17) on transdermal patch therapy with estroprogestagens and the group 3 (n = 25) treated with estroprogestagens given intramuscularly. The following biochemical parameters in the serum were determined: total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, Lp(a), apoprotein A (Apo-A), apoprotein B (Apo-B), follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4), prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prior to administration of the menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT), as well as after sixth months and 2--5 years from the beginning of the therapy. The statistical significance of the difference in values obtained was examined independently and depending on the route of MHT application. Results. MHT, regardless of the administration route, led to a statistically significant continuous decrease of TC, LDL-C and Apo-B levels and the continuous increase of HDL-C and Apo-A levels. Serum levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Lp(a), Apo-A and Apo-B did not show a statistically significant differences among groups of women given MHT by different routes. It was found that the serum level of Apo-A increased significantly with the rise of estradiol, and the values of LDL and Apo-B decreased regardless of the route of the MHT application. Conclusion. MHT introduced in time, regardless of the route of administration, has beneficial effects on the lipid status of menopausal women and consequently might prevent numerous cardiovascular diseases that are the leading cause of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hormonal fluctuation orchestrates various gingival changes across the whole women's life cycle. In menopausal women, the periodontal disease, as interplay between periodontal pathogenic micro flora and host tissue, is also closely influenced by changes of hormonal flux. Desquamative gingivitis and higher incidence of reduced alveolar bone density are the main complaints. Though menopause osteoporosis and periodontal disease have many similarities, the relationship between these two chronic diseases and the effect of sex hormones decline on bone resorption is still inconclusive. A better clinical interplay between dentists and gynecologists would definitely result in improved periodontal health of menopausal women. Moreover, educational courses in both specialties, aiming to highlight this topic, might be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand osteoarthritis is a joint degenerative disease characterized by hand deformities affecting the hand strength and function, leading to greater disability and increased healthcare utilization. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of different risk factors on the incidence of hand osteoarthritis. Material and Methods. The study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Novi Sad, Serbia, during a one year period (2017 - 2018). It included 100 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 70 years presenting with pain in the hands ≥ 3 according to the visual analogue scale. All respondents were divided into two groups, according to radiographic findings graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Risk factors responsible for the development of hand osteoarthritis were examined and the research procedure included medical history data, physical examination of the hand joints, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. Statistical processing and analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ver. 25. Results. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in relation to positive family history of degenerative changes in the hand joints (p = 0.000), as well as in relation to metabolic syndrome (p = 0.001). Conclusion. A positive family history of degenerative changes of the hands and presence of metabolic syndrome are significant risk factors for the development of hand osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Menopause, being a natural period associated with the cessation of ovarian function, is one of physiological stages in a woman's life. Epidemiological studies show that this is when women are at the greatest risk of depressive disorders. Other common conditions observed in menopausal women are various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between climacteric and depressive symptoms in healthy women and those with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This survey-based study involved 103 women aged 44-65 years, including 33 with type 2 diabetes. Research instruments were: the Kupperman Index for the severity of climacteric symptoms, and the Beck Depression Inventory for the severity of depressive symptoms. Results: The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between the severity of depressive symptoms and type 2 diabetes. At the same time, it demonstrated that the lack of energy dependent on the severity of depressive symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes. The severity of depressive symptoms in the group of non-diabetic women contributed to the severity of sleep disorders, vertigo, and a lack of energy. Conclusions: Climacteric symptoms significantly affect biopsychosocial status of perimenopausal women, irrespective of whether they have type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REVART: Specialized Review of Theory & Critique of Arts is the property of EDITURA Eurostampa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Menopause is characterized by many huge changes in the quality of women's life. Hormonal changes, accompanied by numerous symptoms cause changes in body composition and increasing the body mass index (BMI). Decreased estrogen levels cause increased visceral adipose tissue, lean mass loss, bone mineral density loss, decreased protein. In the early postmenopausal years, women who do not take estrogen therapy typically gain fat mass and lose lean mass. All these effects on body composition are major risk factors for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, dyslipidemia, psychiatric disorders (depression, dementia), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis. Abdominal obesity influences blood pressure by increasing insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, increasing insulinemia, which causes increased adrenergic activity, producing vasoconstriction. Increased BMI in postmenopausal women is associated with increased risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prohuman is the property of Business Intelligence Club, o.z. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nursing in the 21st Century is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Menopause and the associated symptoms are a continuing challenge for a more specific therapy that presents a good benefit-risk ratio. Hormone replacement therapy remains the first treatment option, despite its present risks. It is very important to individualize the therapy, depending on age, the characteristics of the symptoms and the patient's history. Another important aspect is the choice of the most suitable pharmaceutical form for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is the second biggest health problem in the world after cardiovascular disease, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease is characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in bone frailty and fracture. In Romania, menopause appears 10 years earlier than the internationally accepted limit, which means that women are facing an earlier risk when talking about osteoporosis. The percentage of women in distress (osteopenia) is high, approximately 10% above the internationally accepted limits, thus indicating poor nutrition in youth stage when the bone structure is beginning to form itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mirlak Izabela, Radajewski Kamil, Ciesielska Natalia, Sokołowski Remigiusz, Podhorecka Marta, Zukow Walery. Osoczowy poziom homocysteiny jako czynnik ryzyka wystąpienia złamań w przebiegu osteoporozy u ludzi w wieku podeszłym = The plasma levels of homocysteine as a risk factor for fractures in osteoporosis in the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):233-239. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50138 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3465 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.03.2016. Revised 17.04.2016. Accepted: 17.04.2016. Osoczowy poziom homocysteiny jako czynnik ryzyka wystąpienia złamań w przebiegu osteoporozy u ludzi w wieku podeszłym The plasma levels of homocysteine as a risk factor for fractures in osteoporosis in the elderly Izabela Mirlak1, Kamil Radajewski1, Natalia Ciesielska2, Remigiusz Sokołowski3, Marta Podhorecka1, Walery Zukow4 1Sniadecki Specialist Hospital in Nowy Sącz, Poland 2Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU, Poland 3Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomic, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiologym Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU, Poland 4Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland Słowa kluczowe: osteoporoza, homocysteina, menopauza, złamanie szyjki kości udowej. Keywords: osteoporosis, homocysteine, menopause, hip fracture. Streszczenie Wstęp. Osteoporoza jest chorobą charakteryzującą się niską masą kostną i zniszczeniami mikroarchitektury tkanki kostnej, która prowadzi do kruchości kości i zwiększa ryzyko złamań. Osteoporoza i związane z nią złamania kości mają ogromne znaczenie społeczne i gospodarcze na całym świecie. Badania sugerują, że maksymalna masa kostna i szybkość jej utraty związane ze starzeniem, są zdeterminowane przez czynniki genetyczne w podobnym stopniu jak przez czynniki środowiskowe. Kumulacja homocysteiny jest toksyczna dla układu kostnego (osteoporoza), oka (dyslokacja soczewki) i centralnego układu nerwowego (drgawki, zaburzenia psychiatryczne). Wywołuje także zaburzenia układu naczyniowego (udar i inne zdarzenia sercowo naczyniowe). Cel. Wpływ poziomu homocysteiny w osoczu na ryzyko wystąpienia osteoporozy i jej powikłań. Materiały i metody. Posługując się słowami kluczowymi przeszukano zagraniczne bazy bibliograficzne: Embase, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science. Przeanalizowano badania kliniczne, opublikowane w języku angielskim w międzynarodowych czasopismach. Wyniki. Zaobserwowano związek pomiędzy stężeniem homocysteiny, a utratą masy kostnej. Poziom homocysteiny w osoczu jest znacząco wyższy u kobiet z osteoporozą i odwrotnie proporcjonalny do gęstości kości kręgów lędźwiowych i szyjki kości udowej. Wnioski. Osoczowy poziom homocysteiny jest czynnikiem ryzyka wystąpienia złamań w przebiegu osteoporozy u ludzi w wieku podeszłym. Abstract Admission. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural damage of bone tissue which leads to bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis and related fractures are of great social and economic importance throughout the world. Studies suggest that the maximum bone mass and the rate of loss associated with aging are determined by genetic factors to a similar as by environmental factors. Accumulation of homocysteine is toxic to the bone (osteoporosis), the eye (the dislocation of the lens), and central nervous system disorders (seizures, psychiatric disorders). Also causes vascular disorders (stroke and other cardiovascular events). Objective. Effect of plasma homocysteine level at risk for osteoporosis and its complications. Systematic review. Materials and methods. Using the keywords searched foreign bibliographic databases: Embase, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science. We analyzed clinical trials published in English in international journals. Results. A correlation between homocysteine and bone loss. Homocysteine levels in plasma are significantly higher in women with osteoporosis and inversely proportional to the bone density of lumbar vertebrae and hip. Conclusions. The plasma levels of homocysteine is a risk factor for fractures in osteoporosis in the elderly.

U kobiet po menopauzie w związku ze znacznym niedoborem hormonów płciowych – głównie estrogenów– dochodzi do zaniku fizjologicznej flory bakteryjnej, a następnie do kolonizacji pochwy przez liczne patogeny.Niedobór estrogenów jest odpowiedzialny za większość dolegliwości ze strony pochwy zgłaszanych przez kobietyw tym okresie. Praca przedstawia, w jaki sposób zmiany hormonalne okresu pomenopauzalnego wpływająna mikroflorę pochwy.

Cel pracy: Celem podjętych badań była ocena skuteczności terapii hormonalnej (hormonal therapy – HT)stosowanej u kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym, tj. różnic w występowaniu i nasileniu objawów menopauzalnychmiędzy kobietami poddawanymi i niepoddawanymi terapii hormonalnej. Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto 60 kobiet (30 kobiet z menopauzą niestosujących HT oraz 30 kobietz menopauzą, u których stosowano HT) w wieku 45–70 lat. Do pomiaru częstości intensywności objawów menopauzalnychużyto skali Greena i kwestionariusza „Zdrowie kobiet” (The Women’s Health Questionnaire – WHQ)Hunter. Wyniki: Wyniki badań wykazały, że istnieją różnice w występowaniu i nasileniu objawów menopauzalnychmiędzy kobietami stosującymi HT a kobietami niestosującymi tej terapii. Więcej objawów menopauzalnychi bardziej nasilonych występuje u kobiet pozbawionych HT. Wniosek: Stosowanie HT należy uznać za uzasadnione. Znacząco łagodzi ona niepożądane objawy menopauzalnei tym samym może ułatwiać codzienne funkcjonowanie kobiet.

Do typowych zaburzeń seksualnych u kobiet w okresie okołomenopauzalnym zalicza się utratę lub brakpotrzeb seksualnych, zaburzenia podniecenia seksualnego, brak reakcji seksualnej, zaburzenia orgazmu orazbolesne stosunki. Jednym z najczęstszych zaburzeń seksualnych u kobiet w okresie klimakterium są zaburzeniapożądania (hypoactive sexual desire disorder – HSDD). Etiopatogeneza zaburzeń pożądania zawiera trzy wymiary:biologiczny, poznawczy i motywacyjny. W niniejszej pracy opisany został także paradygmat ułatwiającydiagnozowanie i leczenie zaburzeń pożądania w praktyce ogólnolekarskiej.