5,516 results on '"medieval"'
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2. Material Textualities: #DarkAcademia in the Undergraduate Classroom
- Author
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Hines, Zachary
- Subjects
medieval ,manuscripts ,dark academia ,book history ,pedagogy - Abstract
This article describes the author's experience teaching the emerging literary genre and internet subculture called "Dark Academia" in the undergraduate classroom. The pedagogical successes and failures of this class take on new meaning when viewed in the context of the author's research on medieval manuscript culture and the reception and circulation of these books after the Middle Ages.
- Published
- 2024
3. The Common Law and Civil War in Fourteenth-Century England: The Prosecution of Treason and Rebellion Under Edward II, 1322–1326.
- Author
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Ambler, Sophie Thérèse
- Subjects
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COMMON law , *MARTIAL law , *CANON law , *TREASON , *CIVIL war , *JURY trials , *MIDDLE Ages - Abstract
What did it mean for poor and middling men and women to take up arms against their government? How did they negotiate competing claims for their participation in civil war and what consequences confronted them? This article analyses the crown's investigation of its opponents following the 1321–22 civil war, comparing its predecessor of the Montfortian civil war (1263–67), to examine how the king, justices and juries tackled these questions. It demonstrates how the crown rooted the summary conviction and execution of Thomas of Lancaster and other noble insurgents in common law procedure; then, at the King's Bench and a special inquiry in the Welsh Marches, re-framed treasonous offences to tackle non-noble insurgents; then, fearing a new uprising, instrumentalised the common law's machinery to gather military intelligence. The crown recognized the agency of subjects across society in civil war and juries were ideally placed to investigate it; they also weighed subjects' culpability, balancing obligation to the king against the mitigating realities of coerced participation in war. Thus, juries and the communities who informed their verdict were invited to engage with the ethical and legal dilemmas of civil war. This article thus presents a people's history of treason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Aristotle Meets Augustine in Fourteenth-Century Liège: Religious Violence in the Chronicon of Jean Hocsem.
- Author
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Padusniak, Chase
- Subjects
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POLITICAL theology , *MEDIEVAL historiography , *POLITICAL science , *MIDDLE Ages , *VIOLENCE - Abstract
As William Cavanaugh has remarked, the scholarly notion of religion "should often be surrounded by scare quotes. Its flexibility and occasional nebulousness make evaluating its role in conceiving of, effecting, and justifying violence even more difficult. At the same time, it sticks around and remains a vital category of contemporary analysis. What if getting behind the Wars of Religion—the period to which Cavanaugh traces the emergence of his "myth of religious violence"—could plant the seeds for a new paradigm in understanding the relationship between religion and violence? In this article, I analyze the Chronicon of Jean Hocsem, a fourteenth-century canon from Liège. Untranslated into English and rarely written about, Hocsem's text offers an unexpectedly political perspective on this question. Combining insights from Augustine's City of God as well as Aristotle's Politics and basing his ideas on his own experience of nearly constant conflict, Hocsem develops the idea that class antagonisms and human frailty make violence—especially political violence—inevitable. He takes this approach within a polity ruled by a prince-bishop, though one he would not have thought of as "religious". Hocsem's solutions are thus avowedly political. His pessimism about such questions leads to an emphasis on mitigating violence through the institution of proper socio-political structures. This reading of Hocsem and his politicizing of the question of violence opens new possibilities for scholars, further calling into question any easy relationship between the modern categories of "religion" and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Chapter 3. Cultivating problems and politics: Precarious fields and the social history of the Medieval Deccan, southern India.
- Author
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Bauer, Andrew M.
- Subjects
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MIDDLE Ages , *FOURTEENTH century , *SOCIAL history , *AGRICULTURE , *POLITICAL ecology - Abstract
This paper assesses the shifting locations and social significance of agricultural spaces through analyses of intensive pedestrian survey results, multi‐spectral remote sensing data, and Medieval Period inscriptional records around the site of Maski (Raichur District, Karnataka). In doing so, it challenges a longstanding historiographical trope about the social history and essential "fertility" of the Raichur Doab, a region of the central Deccan of southern India that was ostensibly contested for its rich agricultural resources by numerous imperial polities throughout the Medieval and Early Modern Periods. The results suggest that cultivation was extended into the region's more marginal production environments between the 11th and 14th centuries. Moreover, the process of agricultural expansion appears to have partly contributed to fomenting social concerns about the effects of temple patronage as many of the region's underclass farmers faced multiple modes of precarity, including those engendered by new labor and cultivation conditions in the semi‐arid Deccan. In that sense, the paper also expands on contemporary notions of precarity and highlights the significance of a variety of ways through which conditions of precarity might emerge in other historical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Penance, Murder, and the Sanctity of Close Kinship in Early Medieval England and Francia.
- Author
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Traves, Alex
- Subjects
- *
KINSHIP , *PENANCE , *SOCIAL bonds , *SACREDNESS , *MURDER - Abstract
Many secular and ecclesiastical texts from early medieval England and Francia between the ninth and eleventh centuries show that in these societies, the killing of kin was treated as a distinct, and far more severe, offence than the killing of non-relatives. This article explores the differences in the treatment of these offences, demonstrating that there was a substantial social aversion to the killing of relatives among contemporaries, and considers some of the reasons for this reaction. It is also argued that the example of killing one's kin reveals important details about the conceptualisation of kinship in English and Frankish societies more widely: notably that bonds of close kinship were considered to possess a distinctly sacred element to them, and that this marked ties of close kinship out as different from other kinds of social bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Animal Husbandry and Faunal Material: Integrating Data from Finland (AD 1200–1800).
- Author
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Bläuer, Auli
- Subjects
ANIMAL culture ,DATA integration ,ANIMAL adaptation ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,DOMESTIC animals ,URBANIZATION ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
This paper is a synthesis of zooarchaeological evidence from 27 medieval and post-medieval sites from Finland. These faunal samples derive from rural, town, manor, castle and ecclesiastic sites, and their production and consumption patterns were examined by studying the role of the major domesticates (cattle, sheep, goats and pigs). As taxonomic abundance in faunal material may be altered by taphonomic processes, such as burning, these factors were assessed before comparison. The animal husbandry system in Finland was shaped by environmental constraints that limited the number of animals that could be kept over winter. However, some specialisations were observed within the frame of the basic pattern. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of zooarchaeological data in the study of animal husbandry and consumption and production patterns. These findings support data integration as a useful tool for understanding general large-scale processes, such as urbanisation, development, environmental adaptation and the specialisation of animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. Institutional factors influencing productivity in medieval England: A case study of tin, lead and silver mining.
- Author
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Casson, Catherine and Casson, Mark
- Subjects
SILVER mining ,LABOR productivity ,REGIONAL development ,TIN ,MINERAL industries ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) - Abstract
This paper fills a gap in recent literature on productivity and regional development by examining the determinants of productivity in primary industries in English regions during the Middle Ages. It provides a comprehensive review of relevant literature on the tin, lead and silver mining industries in Medieval England. Modern studies of productivity typically focus on technology, labour skills, unionization and regional economic infrastructure as key determinants of productivity growth and focus on high‐technology manufacturing industries This study of medieval mining, however, focuses on extractive industries in which advanced technologies played only a limited role. The paper shows that alternative factors contributed to the productivity of medieval mining including royal policy, the location of deposits and fluctuations in demand. Technology, investment in training and worker activism had, in contrast, little impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Food in the Medieval Islamic World (9th–15th Centuries)
- Author
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Newman, Daniel
- Published
- 2024
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10. Were Medieval Seamen Aware of Mediterranean Currents?
- Author
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Mirkin, Dan, Wheeler, Bonnie, Series Editor, Bird, Jessalynn L., editor, and Lapina, Elizabeth, editor
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- 2024
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11. Crusaders as Microcosm: Soldiers, Pilgrims, and Their Intestinal Parasites in the Medieval Mediterranean
- Author
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Mitchell, Piers D., Wheeler, Bonnie, Series Editor, Bird, Jessalynn L., editor, and Lapina, Elizabeth, editor
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- 2024
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12. Passivity and nothingness: On the artistic creation of medieval Christian the Madonna in art
- Author
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Tian, Jiahui, Striełkowski, Wadim, Editor-in-Chief, Black, Jessica M., Series Editor, Butterfield, Stephen A., Series Editor, Chang, Chi-Cheng, Series Editor, Cheng, Jiuqing, Series Editor, Dumanig, Francisco Perlas, Series Editor, Al-Mabuk, Radhi, Series Editor, Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, Series Editor, Urban, Mathias, Series Editor, Webb, Stephen, Series Editor, Rad, Dana, editor, Chew, Fong Peng, editor, Hutagalung, Fonny Dameaty, editor, and Birkök, Cüneyt, editor
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- 2024
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13. Geophysical Survey in the Archaeology of Scotland: Recent Developments and Results
- Author
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Jones, Richard, Domingo Sanz, Inés, Series Editor, Matsumoto, Naoko, Series Editor, Cuenca-Garcia, Carmen, editor, Asăndulesei, Andrei, editor, and Lowe, Kelsey M., editor
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- 2024
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14. Introduction
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Gan, Peter Chong-Beng and Gan, Peter Chong-Beng
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- 2024
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15. THE LATIN MIDDLE AGES
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Høyrup, Jens and Høyrup, Jens
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- 2024
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16. Introduction
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Jackson, Cailah and Jackson, Cailah
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- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Partially Automatic Detection of Mental and Panoramic Mandibular Indexes for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Clinical and Medieval Samples
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Milić, Lazar, Kojić, Sanja, Petrović, Bojan, Đoćoš, Miroslav, Vejin, Marija, Stefanović, Sofija, Stojanović, Goran, Magjarević, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Usman, Juliana, editor, Ahmad, Mohd Yazed, editor, and Hamzah, Norhamizan, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. A Model of Functional-Spatial Transformation of Medieval Urban Structure. The Example of Krosno in the Subcarpathia in Poland
- Author
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Martyka, Anna Maria, Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Hawkes, Dean, Editorial Board Member, Bougdah, Hocine, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Editorial Board Member, Mohareb, Nabil, Editorial Board Member, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Editorial Board Member, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Mahgoub, Yasser, Editorial Board Member, De Bonis, Luciano, Editorial Board Member, Kostopoulou, Stella, Editorial Board Member, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Editorial Board Member, Abdul Mannan, Md., Editorial Board Member, Alalouch, Chaham, Editorial Board Member, Gawad, Iman O., Editorial Board Member, Nayyar, Anand, Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Germanà, Maria Luisa, editor, Akagawa, Natsuko, editor, Versaci, Antonella, editor, and Cavalagli, Nicola, editor
- Published
- 2024
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19. Animal diseases in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin during the medieval period.
- Author
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Marković, Nemanja, Stevanović, Oliver, Krstić, Nikola, Marinković, Darko, Špehar, Perica, and Rothschild, Bruce
- Abstract
This study aims to shed light on animal management influences on the development of pathological changes observed on animal remains from the medieval site of Crkveno Brdo. Animal remains with abnormalities were discovered during archaeological excavations of the medieval settlement at the site of Crkveno Brdo in 2019. The site is situated near Senta in the northern region of modern‐day Serbia. The part of the settlement dated from the 11th to the 15th centuries was excavated. The percentage represented by various mammalian species documents that the most important economic species were cattle and horses, followed by sheep, goats, and pigs. Fishing and hunting were marginal in the settlement subsistence. The analyzed assemblage of bones with lesions consists of 39 specimens with 40 abnormalities. All of the remains exhibiting abnormalities were subjected to macroscopic and stereomicroscope analysis. The specimens with the most prominent changes also underwent x‐ray imaging and histopathological analysis. Almost all lesions were found in domestic animals. The most prevalent lesions in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig were dental and oral pathology, followed by articular abnormalities. In horses, 77% of pathological changes were articular abnormalities, and 11% dental and oral pathology, followed by traumatic lesions and inherited disorders (5.5% each). Congenital morphological variation is represented by a single specimen of horse lumbar vertebra. Pathological alterations were also noted in dogs, as was a severe healed tibiofibular fracture in a frog. Pathological alterations were related to external factors and specifically to patterns of animal management. Dental pathologies in cattle, sheep/goats, and pigs were primary attributed to malnutrition quality; articular abnormalities in horses, similar to aging and environmental factors, most likely work related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. How were medieval mace heads cast? Side note to technological analyses of find from Niebieszczany in south-eastern Poland.
- Author
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Kotowicz, Piotr, Michalak, Arkadiusz, Garbacz-Klempka, Aldona, Jurecki, Piotr, Perek-Nowak, Małgorzata, Mikołajska, Anna, Rozputyński, Rafał, and Momot, Marek
- Abstract
In the summer of 2016, an incidental discovery of a bronze star-shaped mace head was made in a forest situated in the territory of the village of Niebieszczany, South-eastern Poland. Its form and available parallels indicate that it could have been used during 12th–13th c., most likely in the 13th c. In previous studies on mace heads not much attention was paid to technological issues. It was assumed that they were manufactured during the 12th and 13th c. in the territory of Rus’, and have been exported from these territories to neighbouring areas. The comprehensive analysis of the bronze star-shaped mace head from Niebieszczany provided new conclusions concerning the manufacture of such artefacts. This mace head was most likely made in a multi-part wax model with two runners and a pouring basin that were joined on a clay core and then covered with clay in order to make a mould. In order to extract a ready artefact, such a mould had to have been destroyed after the casting. A simulation of filling and solidification using MAGMA software showed the process of filling the casting cavity of the mould and clarified defects that were recorded on the surface of the casting. Metallographic analyses (ED-XRF) revealed that the mace head from Niebieszczany was cast using a leaded tin-bronze of good quality, remarkable for its high resistance to heavy loads as well as to corrosion and abrasion. Meticulous observations showed that it was repaired using a bronze alloy with much higher contents of tin and lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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21. Challenging Classifications? Interpreting a "Difficult" Enclosure at Inchnadamph in Northwestern Scotland.
- Author
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McDonald, Rory and Millican, Kirsty
- Subjects
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *GEOPHYSICAL surveys , *CLASSIFICATION , *TOMBS , *CRITICAL thinking , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL geology , *BASIC needs - Abstract
This paper explores some challenges of archaeological interpretation and classification through an enclosure at Inchnadamph in Sutherland, northwestern Scotland, a site that has proven difficult to interpret. Despite a small number of archaeological interventions, including topographic and geophysical survey and excavation, the site remains enigmatic. We discuss the different interpretations suggested for the site in turn, concluding that the enclosure does not fit readily into existing classification schemes. This raises issues surrounding the use of classification systems, prior assumptions, and the need for critical thinking in interpretation. These are universal issues, applicable beyond the Scottish example chosen, and this paper highlights concerns and difficulties encountered by all who deal with the classification of sites and monuments. Ultimately, this challenges some of our preconceptions and sheds light on the limits of our knowledge, as well as the limits of our classification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. <italic>Plus ça change</italic>: continuity in the theory and representation of monarchy in Dante and Bagehot.
- Author
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Steinberg, Glenn A.
- Abstract
The constitutional monarchy of present-day Britain hardly seems the same sort of institution as fourteenth-century feudal kingdoms, but Dante’s
Monarchia (c. 1313) and Walter Bagehot’sThe English Constitution (1872) share fundamental assumptions about what the purpose and strengths of monarchy are. In theMonarchia , Dante lays out the essential attributes of monarchy that endure even today: authority, impartiality, and unity. Dante values and promotes monarchy as final arbiter of conflicts, sole just judge without cupidity, and unifying will. More than 550 years later, Bagehot, despite his distrust concerning the Crown’s actual effectiveness, conceives of monarchy in surprisingly similar terms. The monarch is ‘the regulating wheel of our Constitution’, an authority outside and above partisan politics, and the ‘dignified’, ‘intelligible’, unifying element of government. In both cases, the monarch functions as the government’s source of impartial, unifying authority – whether monarch or Parliament ultimately wields that authority. The broad outlines of monarchy are surprisingly similar for both writers, suggesting a basic continuity in the conceptualization of monarchy from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (and beyond) and an abiding store of reserve symbolism within the monarchic concept that writers, thinkers, and politicians throughout those centuries are able to tap at will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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23. Biodiversity in the Late Middle Ages: Wild Birds in the Fourteenth-Century County of Holland.
- Author
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GOVAERTS, SANDER
- Subjects
MIDDLE Ages ,POPULATION dynamics ,BIODIVERSITY ,BIRD populations ,HISTORICAL source material ,BIRDS of prey ,BIRD classification - Abstract
This article provides a preliminary overview of the species of wild birds that lived in the fourteenth-century County of Holland, now the Netherlands, on the basis of archaeological and historical sources. It argues that scholars should devote more attention to the Late Middle Ages (1300-1500) as a historical baseline for the study of biodiversity, and demonstrates the value of using medieval financial administration (accounts) as a source for such research. The article identifies 46 species of birds, most of which had substantial socio-economic value (birds of prey, wildfowl, herons and spoonbills). Because some bird populations were actively managed to secure a steady supply, it is possible to gain insight into historical population dynamics. This study can also serve as an example in designing similar research on other species and geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Ockham on Memory and the Metaphysics of Human Persons.
- Author
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Toland, Susan Brower
- Subjects
- *
METAPHYSICS , *THEORY of self-knowledge , *RESURRECTION , *HYLOMORPHISM - Abstract
This paper explores William Ockham's account of memory with a view to understanding its implications for his account of the nature and persistence of human beings. I show that Ockham holds a view according to which memory (i) is a type of self-knowledge and (ii) entails the existence of an enduring psychological subject. This is significant when taken in conjunction with his account of the afterlife. For, Ockham holds that during the interim state—namely, after bodily death, but prior to bodily resurrection—we retain and recall our embodied experiences. This entails that the subject of our embodied psychological states can survive in a disembodied state and continue to engage in characteristic rational activities—a claim that appears to run against Ockham's own commitment to a hylomorphic conception of human beings (as essentially material). A central aim of this paper is to explore the prospects for reconciling Ockham's account of interim memory with his account of human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Murat Höyük: A Medieval Rural Settlement on the Upper Euphrates.
- Author
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Koçyiğit, Oğuz, Özdemir, Abdulkadir, and Özdemir, Ayşe
- Subjects
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IRON Age , *BRONZE Age , *MIDDLE Ages , *AGRICULTURAL implements , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *TOMBS , *RIPARIAN areas - Abstract
Murat Höyük is an important Bronze Age site located in eastern Turkey, in the province of Bingöl, 5km south of Solhan. Murat Höyük is located on the north bank of the Arsanias River in the Upper Euphrates valley. Due to the construction of the Aşağı Kaleköy Dam, the mound there was registered in 2018 and salvage excavations began in 2019. The main intention of the excavations was to study the Early Bronze and Iron Age periods, but some important discoveries on the top of the mound also drew attention to the later phases of occupation. Some architectural remains from these later phases have been brought to light and, additionally, locally produced pottery, together with some objects and tools related to agricultural production and some liturgical metal finds, such as processional crosses, have been recovered from the excavations. The finds give an idea of the nature of the later settlement. The aim of this article is to describe and interpret these architectural remains and small finds, which were found on the highest point of the mound and are most likely medieval in date (between the 9th and 12th centuries), and to attempt to evaluate the nature of the small settlement. This study also helps to understand the relationship between sites in the Euphrates basin during the medieval period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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26. New light on the Warwick Shaffron: understanding horse and shaffron size through the collections of the Royal Armouries.
- Author
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Creighton, Oliver H., Outram, Alan K., and Wilkinson-Keys, Eleanor
- Subjects
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HORSES , *COLLECTIONS , *HORSE breeds , *STATURE , *HEADLINES , *CAVALRY - Abstract
The Warwick Shaffron, held in the collections of the Royal Armouries (VI.446) is the earliest extant example of a European medieval shaffron on public display anywhere in the world. In addition to its early date, the shaffron is also considered exceptional because of its seemingly formidable size, coupled with apparent physical evidence of battle damage. This study sheds new light on the Warwick Shaffron through the application of an original measurement methodology developed through the AHRC-funded 'Warhorse Project' and applied to shaffrons in the collections of the Royal Armouries. Drawing upon the Warhorse Project's wider findings on medieval horse stature, this paper critically discusses what shaffrons can tell us about the size of the mounts that wore them. A headline finding is that the dimensions of the Warwick Shaffron are entirely compatible with what we know about the size range of medieval horses at the time of its manufacture, albeit towards the upper end of the range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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27. Law, Liturgy, and Intent: Isaac of Corbeil's Liturgical Innovation in Thirteenth-Century France.
- Author
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Galinsky, Judah D.
- Subjects
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EDUCATIONAL change , *PASTORAL care , *JEWISH scholars , *RELIGIOUSNESS , *JEWS - Abstract
From the late twelfth century onward, the Church shows increasing concern for the religious welfare of all Christians. This development within Church policy is reflected in the educational reforms of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) and in the flourishing of works written for the sake of "pastoral care." This study presents one example of a Jewish scholar who wished to influence the religiosity of the entire community by enacting a liturgical innovation. Isaac of Corbeil advocated the daily recitation of an abbreviated list of commandments to create awareness of the religious commandments that obligated all Jews. After introducing Isaac of Corbeil's initiative, this essay explains its religious significance and the centrality of "intent" in his thought, and traces sources that may have influenced his thinking. An appendix regarding the textual evidence is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Beyond Abandonment: Diachronically Mapping the Transformation of Domestic Sites in Rome and its Environs (1st-7th centuries CE)
- Author
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Tyler Duane Johnson
- Subjects
archaeology ,abandonment ,reuse ,household archaeology ,late antiquity ,medieval ,rome ,unity ,game engines ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
This article presents some preliminary findings on the transformation and abandonment of domestic sites in and around Rome from the 1st to 7th centuries Common Era (CE). I utilize an innovative interactive map developed in Unity to showcase 46 sites in the study area, devising a methodology that draws upon the stratigraphic record of human activities in charting the trajectory of ancient houses over time. This contrasts with the standard approaches used over the last few decades, which have focused almost entirely on key moments of architectural and decorative remodelling, underemphasizing the constant and diachronic nature of change in domestic environments. My findings highlight the need to reassess conventional narratives surrounding the "end of the Roman house". Based on the data in this study, the Roman house emerges as more variable and less programmatic than often acknowledged, including in periods predating Late Antiquity. Future work is planned for presenting the full results of the research introduced in this paper, including those related to the application of game engines for mapping archaeological data from household excavations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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29. Utilising organic residue analysis to investigate diet at early medieval strongholds in Poland and Lithuania
- Author
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Brown, Sophie F., Evershed, Richard, and Roffet-Salque, Melanie
- Subjects
Organic residue ,medieval ,Lipid residue analysis ,isotopes ,mass spectrometry - Abstract
The analysis of absorbed lipid residues in unglazed ceramics has been widely employed in archaeology to establish dietary patterns, enabling the identification of organic compounds derived from a broad range of natural resources. While organic residue analysis has previously been applied to various Neolithic sites in Poland and Lithuania, this study is the first to apply the approach to medieval vessels of these regions. The applied analytical techniques aim to elucidate dietary habits during turbulent periods of socioeconomic change in Polish and Lithuanian history. Lipid extracts from 364 potsherds were investigated using gas chromatography techniques: GC-FID, GC-MS, GC-C-IRMS; and additional high resolution GC-Q-ToF-MS. Ceramic vessels from six sites of the Wielkopolska region of Poland (9th-12th c. A.D.), with five recognised as early Piast centres, were analysed. Further investigations were performed for materials from two hillforts of the surrounding territories of Vilnius, Lithuania (13th-15th c. A.D.), connected to the early development of the Grand Duchy. Investigation of these key strongholds and administrative centres attributed to two emerging dynasties present unique opportunities to evaluate dietary practices for elite groups, during periods of significant political reform. Results indicated a diverse economic strategy and broad range of natural resource exploitation for both territories. For Polish sites, terrestrial meat (ruminant, porcine), aquatic products (Baltic, freshwater species), millet cereal, as well as exploitation of bee products and pine, were all observed. In Lithuania, a strong emphasis on aquatic product processing was observed, with compound-specific isotope values suggesting a potential prevalence of Baltic species exploitation. High resolution GC-Q-ToF-MS analysis allowed for enhanced identification of miliacin, diterpenoids attributable to pine, and low abundance beeswax signatures in lipid-rich extracts. From the novel biomolecular and isotopic information generated, this work provides a greater understanding of lifestyle and diet for the Piast dynasty and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, during historic periods of cultural development and centralisation.
- Published
- 2023
30. Getting into her habit/practice-to-practice : mapping Teresa of Avila's mystical landscape
- Author
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Hudspith, Harri F. and Leech, David
- Subjects
mysticism ,Art ,fine art ,female mysticism ,religious experience ,Psychoanalysis ,psychology ,language ,reading ,medieval ,Christianity ,Catholic theology ,theology ,religion ,Spanish ,feminism ,Feminist knowledge ,feminist methodology ,feminist theory ,queer ,Visual Culture ,Visual Methodologies ,embodiment ,Vision ,Epistemology ,Phenomenology ,practice theory - Abstract
This research explores how an emulative and practice-based approach can develop a closer understanding of the mysticism of Teresa of Avila. Drawing upon her mystical practice of recogimiento and the inherent visuality of her texts, this thesis seeks to map the psychological form and function of her soul and its relationship with language, word, and image. To do it so presents an innovative methodology for reading her texts which asks: what new vision of Teresa's mysticism can be developed by approaching her texts in an emulative parallel to the way in which she approached the Divine through Scripture? Drawing upon the centrality of imitatio and meditative visualisation within Teresa's practice of recogimiento, this parallel emulation focuses upon her textual imagery as an interface for "entering-into" and exploring the mystical topography of her soul and is performed through my artistic practice. This practice weaves together feminist philosophy, visual culture, religion, language, and psychoanalysis into an interdisciplinary lens through which to approach Teresa's texts through drawing, performance, dialogue, painting, and sculpture. This novel "practice-to-practice" approach draws together key aspects of Teresa's practice and the creative and interdisciplinary perspectives of my practice to navigate the mystical landscape that lies beyond the threshold of her texts. From this embodied position the thesis traces the function of language within her mysticism - both for Teresa the writer, and Teresa the reader -, and looks to map the functional structure of her soul through notions of word, image, and vision. The resulting map reveals a pattern of word and image that characterises both her practice of recogimiento and the nature of the soul itself. In doing so this project demonstrates how Fine Art practice can function as a methodology for interdisciplinary research.
- Published
- 2023
31. Off with their heads : decapitation, gender, and power in medieval English literature
- Author
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Marangi, Roberta, Johnson, Ian Richard, and Garner, Katie Louise
- Subjects
Decapitation ,Gender ,Medieval ,Power ,Violence ,Christianity ,Chivalry - Abstract
This thesis focuses on opposite-sex decapitations in Medieval English Literature. It aims to demonstrate that beheading is a kind of violence that is always symbolic and never only about the death of its object. Indeed, narratives of decapitation present their executions as a preferred vehicle for dealing with the anxiety of a hegemonic power. In the first half of the thesis, an analysis of the adaptations of the biblical stories of John the Baptist and Judith show how Christian texts used the interpretation of the violence of beheading to further Christian propaganda. A beheading committed on the story's heroes, then, is used to position the hegemony in question as victimised and righteous; alternatively, a beheading committed by its heroes is interpreted as non-violent and justifiable. Chivalric texts that include decapitations present a ruling class which fantasises about beheading as a way to sever from its social body the members who do not conform to the standards that have made a hegemony in the first place. The fact that all these decapitation narratives are made by opposite-sex pairs shows the malleability of beheading as a literary trope, and the insignificance of gendered differences in the face of the preservation of the status quo. Far from being subtle or uncommon, the beheading narrative was a tool of Christian conversion, a manifestation of patriarchal power, and a symptom of a system in crisis. In Off With Their Heads, I argue that the beheading narrative developed and crystallised itself in the stories adapted and produced in the Middle Age, creating tales that intertwined themes of gender and power with episodes of violent executions, showcasing the way in which power can be distributed for the benefit and maintenance of established, institutional hegemonies.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Medieval Classrooms: The Genealogy of Teachers
- Author
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Kane, Jean
- Subjects
Medieval ,Grief ,The Faerie Queen ,Edmund Spenser ,Teaching - Abstract
Jean Kane, professor of English at Vassar College, examines the influence of C. Clifford Flanigan, late Professor of Comparative Literature at Indiana University and Kane’s former mentor. Reflecting on his unexpected death in 1993, which brought into question her own pedagogy in the face of grief, Kane offers a personal insight into her classroom as she attempts to bridge the gap between instructor and student when dealing with loss.
- Published
- 2023
33. Exploitation of Pigs during the Late Medieval and Early Modern Period in Croatia
- Author
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Kim Korpes, Aneta Piplica, Martina Đuras, Tajana Trbojević Vukičević, and Magdalena Kolenc
- Subjects
exploitation ,pig ,medieval ,modern ,archaeozoological material ,Croatia ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
This study investigated the historical consumption of pork in Croatia through a comprehensive analysis of pig bones from six medieval archaeological sites, comprising three castles and three monasteries dating from the 13th to the 16th century A.D. Employing a detailed morphological analysis of pig bones and teeth, the study quantified the number of identified specimens (NISP) per site. On bones and teeth, identification of sex and age was performed, and butchery patterns were documented. The results revealed a significant presence of pork in the diet of castle and monastery inhabitants, with pig bones being the most abundant animal remains. Age analysis suggested a prevalence of juvenile pigs, predominantly males. The findings implied that from the 13th to the 16th century A.D., pork was a staple in the diet of castles and monasteries in continental Croatia, sourced from pig breeding outside these sites. Typically, male pigs aged under two years were delivered for consumption to these establishments.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Ressenya de The Aesthetics of Melancholia: Medical and Spiritual Diseases in Medieval Iberia
- Author
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Sergi Rivero Navarro
- Subjects
malenconia ,malalties ,medieval ,humors ,castellà ,humanisme ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
El llibre The Aesthetics of Melancholia: Medical and Spiritual Diseases in Medieval Iberia, del professor Luis F. López González i que acaba de publicar Oxford University Press és un estudi curós que ressegueix la influència de la teoria dels humors i, en particular, de la malatia de la malenconia als textos de tres autors canònics de la literatura medieval castellana: Alfonso X, Don Juan Manuel i Juan Ruiz. La tesi principal d’aquesta obra, que l’autor argumenta de forma convincent, és que la incorporació d’explicacions naturals a l’origen de les malalties dins dels textos dels segles XIII i XIV estudiats en el llibre, contribuí al desplaçament gradual del marc mental teocràtic de la societat medieval cap un altre de més humanista i científic que predominarà durant el Renaixement.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Waste and the Wasters: Poetry and Ecosystemic Thought in Medieval England
- Author
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Johnson, Eleanor, author and Johnson, Eleanor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Economics and the Cult of Death in Late Medieval England: The Guild of St. George in Nottingham, 1459-1546.
- Author
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Goddard, Richard and Smalley, George
- Subjects
- *
FRATERNAL organizations , *GUILDS , *CULTS , *FINANCIAL management , *BROTHERLINESS - Abstract
This paper examines the decline of the fraternity of St. George in Nottingham between 1459 and 1546. It uses the guild's accounts in conjunction with Nottingham's rich surviving documentary materials to investigate the financial management of the fraternity by its officers. It argues that the officers were adept at negotiating shifting economic conditions by switching between various revenue streams. However, this adroit management did not stem the tide of membership decline. It discusses the role of religious reform in the guild's ultimate demise. It investigates why the decline in membership started long before any moves towards state-sponsored religious reform in the 1540s. It examines the impact of key individuals upon the guild's history. It argues that, for a more nuanced view of the decline of fraternal organizations in this period, a recognition of individuals' impact upon institutions needs to be incorporated into our understanding of institutions' influences upon the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. (UN)DOING HISTORY: A CASE FOR EPISTEMOLOGICAL ALTERITY.
- Author
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SETH, VANITA
- Subjects
- *
HISTORY , *MIDDLE Ages , *OTHER (Philosophy) , *THEORY of knowledge , *ANXIETY , *ONTOLOGY - Abstract
This article addresses two primary tensions that currently beset medieval history. The first concerns a contentious debate within the field regarding the relative merits of two interpretative approaches: that which seeks to situate the Middle Ages within a narrative of continuity wherein aspects of the medieval bear some relationship of familiarity with the present and that which accords a radical alterity to the past that instigates moments of historical rupture. The second tension concerns the fraught relationship between history as a site of knowledge production with some proximity to engaging and producing truth and history as constructed, wherein its purported object of study, the past, is not an ontological fact but a cultural artifact. In this instance, what we witness is less a debate among scholars within history than an amorphic anxiety about history. This article makes a case for engaging the radical alterity that confronts the historian of the Middle Ages. It does so, however, cognizant of an ontological impasse: if alterity is attentive to difference, a difference that resists translation into modern knowledge regimes, then what does it mean to engage it historically—that is, through a temporal structure that would have been foreign to the very period of study? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Absent in (life and) death? Examining the tombs of Navarre's regnant queens and the shaping of their memory.
- Author
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Woodacre, Elena
- Subjects
- *
INTERMENT , *TOMBS , *QUEEN honeybees , *MEMORY , *DAUGHTERS , *MOTHER-daughter relationship - Abstract
Navarre has long been seen as a liminal state, torn between influence and interference from its French and Iberian neighbors. The five regnant queens of Navarre exemplify this situation through their own lives which saw them pulled politically and even physically between France and Iberia—from Juana I who lived the whole of her life in France, to queens like Juana II and Catalina I who moved back and forth over the Pyrenees during their reign, to the queens Blanca I and her daughter Leonor who spent their reigns (though not their whole lives) largely in Iberia. The diverse location of these queens' death and burial reflect the geographical context of their lives—significantly, none of the regnant queens of Navarre are buried in their own capital city of Pamplona and only one is buried in Navarre itself. This article will examine the tombs of these five women, unpicking the situational, dynastic and political context which resulted in their virtual absence from the kingdom they ruled in death and the individuals and factors involved in the shaping of their memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Disability and care in Western Europe during Medieval times: A bioarchaeological perspective.
- Author
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Micarelli, Ileana, Tafuri, Mary Anne, and Tilley, Lorna
- Abstract
This Special Issue has its foundation in presentations delivered in the symposium Disability and Care in Medieval Times: a Bioarchaeological Perspective into Health-related Practices held at the 2019 European Association of Archaeologists conference in Switzerland. It comprises 12 papers, all relevant to aspects of pathology experience and/or care provision in Western Europe during the Early to Late Middle Ages (500 – 1500 CE). Reflecting the 1000 year timespan involved, these papers are characterised by diversity in subject matter and in the lifeways in which they are located, but all contribute to the symposium's primary aim: to demonstrate that our understanding of the Medieval period is enhanced by cross-disciplinary, bioarchaeological research into individual and collective experiences of disability and care. This Introduction provides the background to the 2019 symposium, and briefly discusses the papers contained in the Special Issue which emerged from this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. AUGUSTINUS’UN DEVLETİ İLAHÎ Mİ BEŞERÎ Mİ?: TANRI DEVLETİ (DE CIVITATE DEI) ÜZERİNDEN ELEŞTİREL BİR OKUMA DENEMESİ.
- Author
-
AKDEMİR, Ferhat
- Abstract
Copyright of Dinbilimleri Journal is the property of Dinbilimleri Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Taberistân ve Cibâl Bölgesinde Hüküm Süren Ziyârîler’in Kuruluş Süreci.
- Author
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Gençtürk, Cihan
- Abstract
Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Ortaçağ Coğrafya Kaynaklarına Göre Ticaret Yolları Üzerinde Sîstân’ın Konumu.
- Author
-
Özyurt, Hümeyra and Kürkçüoğlu, Erol
- Abstract
Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Exploitation of Pigs during the Late Medieval and Early Modern Period in Croatia.
- Author
-
Korpes, Kim, Piplica, Aneta, Đuras, Martina, Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana, and Kolenc, Magdalena
- Subjects
- *
SWINE , *MONASTERIES , *ANIMAL weaning , *SIXTEENTH century , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *ZOOARCHAEOLOGY , *CASTLES - Abstract
This study investigated the historical consumption of pork in Croatia through a comprehensive analysis of pig bones from six medieval archaeological sites, comprising three castles and three monasteries dating from the 13th to the 16th century A.D. Employing a detailed morphological analysis of pig bones and teeth, the study quantified the number of identified specimens (NISP) per site. On bones and teeth, identification of sex and age was performed, and butchery patterns were documented. The results revealed a significant presence of pork in the diet of castle and monastery inhabitants, with pig bones being the most abundant animal remains. Age analysis suggested a prevalence of juvenile pigs, predominantly males. The findings implied that from the 13th to the 16th century A.D., pork was a staple in the diet of castles and monasteries in continental Croatia, sourced from pig breeding outside these sites. Typically, male pigs aged under two years were delivered for consumption to these establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Introduction: confronting medieval and early modern canons.
- Author
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Flannery, Mary C. and Griffin, Carrie
- Subjects
- *
CANON (Literature) , *MIDDLE Ages , *ENGLISH literature , *BRITISH authors , *BRITISH literature - Abstract
In this introduction, the editors lay out the rationale behind this special issue. The goal of this issue is to identify and disrupt the complacency surrounding the medieval and early modern canon with a view to achieving two things. Firstly, we hope to uncover new approaches to the study of premodern literature that might result in a more accurate and inclusive account of what texts were of greatest significance to readers and writers in medieval and early modern England, even if those texts have typically been excluded from discussions of the medieval and early modern literary canons over the past three centuries. Secondly, we hope to draw attention to some of the problematic roles that medieval and early modern English texts have played as foundation stones of the English literary canon, and how they might equally serve to disrupt some of the assumptions on which that canon has traditionally been founded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Queer Remains: Derek Jarman's Archives and Medieval Reliquaries, 1981–ca. 1993.
- Author
-
Myerson, E. K.
- Subjects
- *
LGBTQ+ people , *MEMORIALIZATION , *ARCHIVAL materials , *CANONIZATION - Abstract
This article traces the development of Jarman's imagination of medieval reliquary devotion as a practice of queer mourning and memorialization between 1981 and ca. 1993: from draft scripts for the unrealized film Bob-up-a-Down to Blue (1993) and his last hospital journals. In Jarman's works, the reliquary appears not merely as image but also in active use, evidenced in his assemblage paintings and his garden at Prospect Cottage, Dungeness. Jarman's reliquaries are analyzed in their archival contexts, drawing on medieval and modern repositories. These reliquaries are considered in relation to Jarman's own canonization by both the queer community and the artistic establishment. Before and after his canonization by the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence in 1991, Jarman was deeply engaged with medieval mystical and medical representations of relics. Working amidst devastating losses and in the knowledge of his own approaching death, Jarman created reliquaries to challenge the denial of public mourning during the AIDS crisis. Jarman's archives emerge as inescapably plural, even within one repository. Like Jarman's imagined reliquary, these archives are made of jewels and ashes, the aesthetic and bodily remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. VSAKDAN SREDNJEVEŠKEGA KOPRA V ODSEVU MESTNIH STATUTOV.
- Author
-
Darja, MIHELIČ
- Abstract
Copyright of Zgodovina za Vse is the property of Zgodovinsko Drustvo Celje (The Historical Society of Celje) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
47. Multiply‐translated Chaucer in the Korean classroom.
- Author
-
Park, Yea Jung
- Subjects
INTERFERENCE (Linguistics) ,ARTISTIC creation ,COMPARATIVE literature ,LITERARY form ,LITERATURE ,MEDIEVAL literature - Abstract
This paper introduces a teaching experiment that uses a set of local translations of a European medieval text—in this case, Korean translations of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales—as teaching texts in the Korean classroom alongside the original work. Students compare a range of translations dating from all periods of the 20th century, including one from as early as 1915 and others from the 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s. Tracking the variety of translation methods and different linguistic and artistic choices employed by these multiple translations allows even students unfamiliar with Middle English to gain a better sense of the particulars of Chaucer's language and character‐making. Treating translation itself as a creative mode, this paper argues that even bad translations and messy histories of linguistic interference can be put to productive pedagogical use. Recuperated local translation archives can be used in the teaching of Middle English literature by helping students understand Chaucer's own positionality as a translator and compiler. Such archives also contribute to the study of comparative literature more broadly as they present case studies of how ideas of world literature are formed over time and space, and encourage a critical engagement with the canon even as it is being taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. RECOGNISING CARTULARY STUDIES THIRTY YEARS AFTER LES CARTULARIES.
- Author
-
TUCKER, Joanna
- Subjects
ACHIEVEMENT ,SCRIBES ,HISTORIANS ,CHARTERS - Abstract
Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Medieval is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Feeling One's Way: Emotion and Medieval Literature.
- Author
-
Lynch, Andrew
- Subjects
EMOTIONS ,MIDDLE Ages ,SOCIAL change ,VIOLENCE ,SUBJECTIVITY - Abstract
This afterword sums up and responds to the articles in the special issue. It notes the variety in representations of the textual self and its constitution through emotion across medieval Northern Europe; representations which nevertheless depend on an imagined body. It also calls attention to the development of ideas of subjectivity and interiority and the ways in which literary experimentation drives social change, ending with a plea to reconsider the association of the medieval period with violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Borrowings from the Old Slavic Digenis Akritis in the Muscovite Buovo d'Antona (Bova Korolevich).
- Author
-
Romanchuk, Robert
- Abstract
The Byzantine Greek "romantic epic" Digenis Akritis and the Venetian romance Buovo d'Antona , translated into different Slavic languages under different circumstances and traversing Slavic space by different routes, reached Muscovy in the sixteenth century – each undergoing significant editing there and ultimately becoming textually entangled. It has not been noticed before that the editor of a Muscovite redaction of Buovo borrowed a number of passages from an early redaction of the "formulaically styled" Slavic Digenis. The encounter of Buovo with Digenis may help explain the former work's subsequent popularity in Russia, as it transformed the courtly hero Buovo d'Antona into the Russian folk hero Bova Korolevich. It also helps sketch a context for the direct ancestor of the most important extant manuscript of the Slavic Digenis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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