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Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to create a list of essential historical and contemporary readings for undergraduate and graduate students in the field of exercise physiology. Methods: Fifty-two exercise physiologists/sport scientists served as referees, and each nominated ∼25 papers for inclusion in the list. In total, 396 papers were nominated by the referees. This list was then sent back to the referees, with the instructions to nominate the "100 essential papers in sports and exercise physiology." Results: The referees cast 4722 votes. The 100 papers with the highest number of votes received 51% (2406) of the total number of votes. A total of 37 papers in the list of "100 essential papers" were published >50 years ago, and 63 papers were published since 1973. Conclusions: This list of essential studies will provide a perspective on contemporary studies, the "giant's shoulders" to enable young scholars to "see further" or to understand where they have "come from." This compilation is also meant to impress on students that, given the (lack of) technology available in the past, some of the early science required enormous intuitive leaps on the part of historical scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the life and death of Emanuel Feuermann, a renowned cellist who faced challenges due to his Jewish background during the rise of the Nazis. Despite his success as an international artist, Feuermann's death at the age of 39 following a hemorrhoidectomy highlights the concept of failure to rescue in medical care. The article delves into the circumstances surrounding his surgery, the involvement of his surgeon, and the subsequent medical errors that led to his untimely death, leaving a void in the music world. [Extracted from the article]

Although the field of illustration is a major topic in technical and professional communication (TPC), social justice regarding medical illustrations is yet to be investigated. Drawing from an analysis of TPC journals, program websites, textbooks, and syllabi, this study explores how TPC could advance a social justice view on medical illustration, especially in the textbooks that we use in teaching medical and science writing courses. Not only did we find that very few medical and science writing textbooks included illustrations, but a significant number of illustrations were white. We suggest intentionality in the choice of pedagogical materials, overt discussion of social justice in the curriculum, and critical borrowing of pedagogical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the long eighteenth century, medical writers were quick to condemn "corpulence" or "corpulency" (the Georgian equivalent terms for "obesity") in potential or actual mothers. Medical writing from the period criticizes the influence of corpulence on the reproductive health of women, claiming that corpulence's impact on female fertility is either obstructive, or eventually results in abortive maternity. However, this article's examination of fictional "fat" women, alongside contemporary medical opinions on corpulence's effect on female health, reveals that the medical condemnation of the fat woman was as much influenced by social expectations of female reproductiveness as it was made on scientific grounds. By examining a variety of fictional fat women, I hope to demonstrate how popular eighteenth‐century works interacted with medical opinion, sometimes reinforcing but just as often probing, disputing, and rejecting the condemnation with which medical writers treated corpulent women. I will look at several such women in literary and visual culture: James Gillray's caricature of Albinia Hobart, Countess of Buckinghamshire (1737/38 – 1816), Rachel Hodges from Maria Edgeworth's "Angelina: or, L'aime Inconnue" (1801), and Miss Groves from Charlotte Lennox's The Female Quixote (1752). As Hobart, Hodges, and Groves show, concerns over female fatness are seldom exclusively health related. These characters underscore how the fat woman is not simply a point of satire, or a pathologized and useless body, but can also be fertile, autonomous, and even healthy. Ultimately, I will claim that the fat woman is more than just a cypher of medical opinion: she is also a discordant figure of criticism too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union Clinical Trials Regulation (EU CTR) provides new regulatory requirements for the preparation and submission of clinical trial documents. The United Kingdom Drug Information Association Medical Writing (UK DIA MW) Committee, with members from across the pharmaceutical industry, have reviewed the EU CTR and in this report, provide expert guidance on writing documents for submission in the EU CTR Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS) portal. Medical writers should be aware that the Investigator's Brochure containing the Reference Safety Information (RSI) must align with the annual safety report, and the RSI format must comply closely with the EU CTR. For clinical study protocols, medical writers should prepare a single integrated EU protocol that receives consolidated approvals from all participating EU member states, with different versions of a protocol for different EU member states no longer permitted. This report also provides details of experiences and recommendations on protocol synopses from the UK DIA MW Committee. In addition, plain language summaries are new EU CTR documents required for each study presenting summaries of clinical trial results for laypersons. Some of these documents will be published in the publicly accessible CTIS portal which has created concerns amongst many companies who are keen to protect commercially confidential information (CCI). Medical writers may help reduce CCI through lean writing, but specifically identifying CCI may require specialist legal evaluation. This report by the UK DIA MW Committee highlights the key processes for medical writers to ensure compliance with the EU CTR when preparing documents for submission to the CTIS portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential impact of ChatGPT on the academic writing skills development of medical students enrolled in a compulsory 3-unit writing course at a medical university. The research focuses on two primary objectives, which are formulated as two research questions: Firstly, does the use of ChatGPT enhance medical students' English academic writing skills compared to conventional writing training? Secondly, how does the use of ChatGPT impact on different components of academic writing? A longitudinal intervention design was employed with 83 participants from two writing classes in the experimental and control groups. The findings demonstrated ChatGPT's significant impact on enhancing medical students' English academic writing skills, with large effect sizes. ChatGPT enhanced students' writing skills, especially content, organization, vocabulary, and mechanics in the experimental group, while its impact on language use is limited. AI tools like ChatGPT can be valuable in assisting with certain aspects of writing, but they should not be considered a one-size-fits-all solution for enhancing writing skills. The result of the study can be beneficial for educators, particularly those interested in teaching writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate gender authorship trends in the official journal of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM), Emergency Medicine Australasia (EMA).A bibliometric review of author gender in EMA during the 10‐year period 2013–2022. The gender of first/last authors were determined by www.genderize.io, or a manual internet search where gender was not determined with at least 90% certainty. Descriptive statistics were used with percentages of women as first and last author compared to current percentages of ACEM Fellows (FACEMs) who identify as women.The final analysis included 1703 articles. Women accounted for 27.4% fewer authors than men (36.3% vs 63.7%). Women were outnumbered by men by 20.0% among first authors (40% vs 60%), and 36.2% (31.9% vs 68.1%) for last authors. When the last author was a woman, there was a similar rate of women (49.2%) and men (50.8%) as first authors. However, when the last author was a man, first authors were 37.1% women versus 62.9% men. If the last author was a woman, there was a 60% greater probability that the first author was also a woman (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.3–2.1). First authorship rate by women was equal to or exceeds the proportion of women FACEMs, however, last authorship by women still lags behind.The emergency medicine community in Australasia must continue to tackle existing gender disparities which exist in our specialty. A creative and active strategy on the part of publishers, editors, academics and authors is needed to redress this balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges in aligning safety labeling updates between pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies, emphasizing the need for transparent dialogue and flexible approaches to regulatory compliance. Differences in regulatory requirements, review timelines, and interpretations of safety data can lead to discrepancies in safety labels across regions, impacting patient care and public health. The authors suggest that improving communication, adopting best practices in pharmacovigilance, and leveraging technology like artificial intelligence can help enhance alignment and ensure consistent and reliable safety information globally. The future of global harmonization of safety labels requires collaboration and coordination among regulatory bodies to address challenges and benefit patients. [Extracted from the article]

Editing services within academic health centers are uncommon, and few studies have reported on their impact. In this article, we describe our medical writing center's editing service for faculty and trainees at a pediatric teaching hospital and associated outcomes of scholarly products (e.g., manuscripts and grants) over an 8-year period. Data for manuscripts and grant proposals edited by the writing center from 2015 through 2022 were collected electronically from our service request database. Outcome data on publications and grant proposals were regularly collected up to 12 months post-submission. Users were also asked if the writing center edits were helpful, improved readability, and if they planned to use the service in the future. From 2015 through 2022, the writing center received 697 requests, 88.4% to edit a document. Of the documents edited, 81.3% of manuscripts and 44.4% of grant proposals were successfully published or funded. When rating their experience, 97.8% of respondents rated the edits "helpful," 96.7% indicated the edits "improved readability," and 99.3% stated they planned to use the writing center in the future. Our results showed steady use of the writing center and high satisfaction with services. A writing center can be an effective tool to support psychology faculty development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and challenges: Writing and publishing research is important in the fields of orthopaedic surgery, and medicine in general. In recent years, the number of orthopaedic publications has significantly increased, highlighting the value of possessing the ability to write and publish a paper. However, publishing research is not an easy task, especially if English is not a native language. Non-native English speakers have been reported to experience barriers to writing and publishing research in English, the dominant language of scientific publication. This affects not only individual researchers, but also the scientific community in general. To improve reporting in scientific manuscripts, many peer-reviewed guidelines have been published for a variety of study designs and study types. These guidelines are made available through the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network and have associated checklists that guide authors in the synthesis of their research manuscript. Purpose: Whether you are a non-native English speaker or a novice research writer, these checklists can ameliorate the process of building your manuscript. The purpose of this paper is to empower orthopaedic researchers, and researchers in general, through an easy-to-follow framework for writing a research manuscript using available checklists and general research knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the AMWA Medical Writing Apprentice Program Framework, the Job Leveling Workstream aims to establish a standardized skill set and competencies for career regulatory medical writers. Based on insight gathered from a survey conducted in September 2023 of 137 medical writing professionals, the workstream proposes 3 broad levels of regulatory medical writers: Level 1 (novice), Level 2 (established), and Level 3 (expert). Each level is defined by the scope and complexity of documents written, the writer's role in these projects, and their expertise in associated tasks. An approximate number of years needed to achieve proficiency at each level is also proposed. The framework helps to standardize writing levels, aid hiring managers in evaluating applicants, assist medical writing departments in identifying training needs, and ultimately enhance resource usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject is the most foundational element of a sentence. When the subject is clear and concrete, the sentence starts strong, and readers can easily maintain their forward momentum in the story. When the subject is unclear, the sentence crumbles, and readers must backtrack in the text or carry a cognitive load as they continue reading. In medical writing, unclear subjects often appear as ambiguous pronouns in the form of isolated pronouns and expletive pronouns. These constructions create more work for readers by using an unclear referent or no referent at all. Fortunately, these 2 constructions can be refined to use clear, concrete nouns that help readers quickly and easily locate the subject of a sentence and continue forward in the story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-world evidence (RWE) has gained traction over the last several years and is now an integral part of the drug approval process and life cycle. Conducting well-designed studies and transparent reporting of studies has recently become the focus of guidance issued by multiple regula- tory agencies and professional organizations across the globe. Knowledge of the available resources is paramount for medical writers. Although the first guidance, STROBE, dates back to 2007 and was widely known for its checklist for the reporting of observational studies, the advance- ments in electronic medical records, disease registries, and administration necessitated the development of the Reporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely-Collected Health Data (RECORD) guidance. ISPOR, the Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research and the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology have developed guidance specific to the reporting of RWE studies and provided a template to assist with the description of longitudinal studies using routinely collected health care data. Although these options are helpful for a general approach to RWE reporting, other organizations like the European Society for Medical Oncology have recognized the need for guidelines for disease-specific research and have developed more specific guidance. Navigating the resources that are available is imperative for medical writers. This paper provides a guide to relevant contemporary resources to aid medical writers in the reporting and publication of RWE studies. Because of the expansiveness of the types of studies that fall under RWE, this paper focuses on traditional RWE studies that employ a longitudinal approach to the analysis of routinely collected health care data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 2 decades, the expansion of health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) has been responsible for an increasing quantity of medical communication, providing evaluations of the economic, clinical, and quality of life outcomes of health care interventions. The discipline has evolved to include real-world evidence (RWE) collected outside traditional clinical trials. The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research plays a crucial role in advancing HEOR by promoting best practices and bridging the gap between research and practical application. Medical writers specializing in HEOR and RWE interpret and present data analyses to various stakeholders, supporting evidence-based decision-making. In this article, we describe the experiences of 2 medical writers who specialize in HEOR communication, the range of documents they work on, and the strengths of a good HEOR writer. The growing importance of HEOR and RWE in medical writing represents an expansion of value-based health care and patient-centric outcomes in the pharmaceutical and health care industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical writers assist continuing medical education (CME)/continuing professional development (CPD) providers in planning and delivering educational programmes. Their responsibilities include developing needs assessments and instructional content for accredited CME-CPD. However, to the best of our knowledge, a competency model for training writers who develop CME-CPD materials does not exist. We used a modified Delphi method to identify knowledge areas, skills, attitudes, and deliverables (KSADs) to include in a model for training the next generation of CME writers. Over 3 rounds of questionnaires, we asked a diverse panel of stakeholders to rate an initial set of KSADs, suggest additional KSADs, and provide rationales for their ratings. Panellists rated each KSAD from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) based on whether it should be included in the model. Panellists received anonymised reports of results between rounds and could change their previous ratings. Of 22 panellists who agreed to participate, 20 (90.9%) completed all 3 rounds. Of 83 suggested KSADs, 44 (53%) received a final average rating of at least 4, meeting predefined criteria for consensus. In total, we identified 38 KSAs necessary for CME writers to excel. These KSAs cover a wide range of topics from various fields, including accredited continuing education, medicine and healthcare, and medical writing and communications. We also identified 6 in-demand deliverables, including needs assessments, outcomes questions, slide decks, interactive patient case studies, agendas for proposed educational programmes, and scripts for video or audio recordings. This new competency model may help guide the development of training programmes for medical writers specialising in CME-CPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical writers maintain a fine balance between data transparency obligations and personal data protection in clinical reports. Hence, we must stay informed of data protection requirements outlined in the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2016/679 and their interaction with data transparency requirements of the EU Clinical Trials Regulation (EU-CTR) 536/2014 and EMA Policy 0070. Medical writers need to understand the core concept of personal data versus anonymised data and the differences between working for a data controller versus working for a data processor. This article explores how a clinical research organisation, as the data processor, assists client companies, as the data controller, fulfil transparency obligations, illustrated by a successful collaboration model. We examine how medical writers contribute to an organisation's disclosure-readiness as well as promote the value of a disclosure-informed medical writer's upstream impact as clinical reports anonymisation specialists throughout the clinical trial lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and life sciences industries, ultimately affecting associated professionals such as freelance medical writers. Throughout this global event and its aftermath, the market has changed significantly, bringing with it new sets of challenges and opportunities. In this article, we reflect on how the pandemic affected the industry and the current issues affecting freelance medical writers. We also explore freelancers' opinions on the subject, as provided to us through our webinar and an informal survey and provide possible strategies and approaches to tackle these challenging times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time, quality, and accuracy are of the essence for expeditious global regulatory submissions. An around-the-clock, 24/7, global medical writing model has been developed that allows efficient development of high-quality documents with appreciable reduction in time to completion. Writers work across global time zones, relaying the work accomplished during their workday to the writer in the successive workday without interruption. This also enables "rolling" continuous quality control checks. Authors can focus on messaging and content with confidence as documents are developed. Best results are achieved by proactive alignment of content and messaging, strategic assignment of tasks to suitable talent, and fostering a culture of open communication founded on trust and mutual respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical writers, document quality reviewers, and document specialists work together to produce high-quality clinical and regulatory documents. Cross-functional collaboration with other functional leads like bio statisticians, medical monitors, and project leaders is also crucial for timely project delivery. We interviewed people in these roles who emphasised that clear communication, setting clear expectations, addressing challenges proactively, and leveraging digital tools are all needed for successful cross-functional and cross-regional collaboration. Under standing different perspectives and roles, practicing active listening, and being mindful of time zones and cultural differences are also important when working in multidisciplinary and global teams. Overall, effective collaboration leads to better outcomes and competitive advantage in medical writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic and rapidly evolving field of medical writing, continuous learning and professional development are crucial for success. Medical writers play a vital role in translating complex scientific and medical information into clear, accurate, and engaging content for various audiences, including healthcare professionals, regulatory bodies, and the general public. To excel in this demanding profession, medical writers must stay updated with the latest advancements, writing techniques, and industry best practices. Fortunately, there are many training and development opportunities available worldwide tailored specifically for medical writers. This article delves into the various training possibilities available globally, from short courses to education programmes and from certification courses to workshops, conferences and online resources, providing a useful guide for medical writers eager to enhance their skills and advance their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dr Bhagwan Din Chaurasia is a legend in Indian Anatomy education. Being his student in 1977–78, I saw him closely and was inspired immensely to write his biography to pay my homage and tribute to this great 'guru'. Methods: Apart from my first-hand information and experience with Dr Chaurasia, I did extensive research on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to extract his research publications. I also extracted his personal information from his old students at Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior (India), some of the main ones have been acknowledged in this paper. Results: Despite a shortened life, Dr Chaurasia's influence on the field remains immense. His book, Human Anatomy has been an essential guide for countless medical students around the world. He was not only a gifted teacher but also, a dedicated researcher, actively publishing in prestigious journals. Conclusion: Dr Chaurasia's legacy is a testament to the power of clear explanations, innovative teaching methods, and unwavering passion for Anatomy. The name Dr B. D. Chaurasia is synonymous with excellence in Anatomy education. His work will continue to inspire generations of medical professionals to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2024 ESC guidelines on peripheral arterial and aortic diseases represent a significant evolution in the management of these conditions, emphasizing a holistic approach to the arterial system. Key updates include multidisciplinary care teams, lifestyle interventions, advanced lipid management, and expanded screening protocols. The guidelines also address advancements in aortic disease management, such as genetic disorders and endovascular techniques. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including the need for more research in certain areas and addressing healthcare access disparities. [Extracted from the article]

The 50th anniversary of the Journal of Gerontological Nursing is a milestone that calls for reflection on the many important contributions made by our clinicians, educators, and researchers to the care of older adults. This article was written to highlight not only the issues that have been the focus of our professional attention but also the accomplishments that gerontological nurses have made during the past half century. Edna Stilwell, the inaugural editor, laid out nine objectives for the journal in the first issue, which was published in 1975. Using those objectives as a lens to our past, the >400 editorials written from 1975 to the present are summarized and discussed using the framework Stilwell provided. The gerontological nurses who wrote these editorials were visionaries whose efforts advanced and continue to advance the quality of care that nurses provide to older adults today. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(12), 25–30.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Writing multiple choice questions (MCQs) for the purpose of medical exams is challenging. It requires extensive medical knowledge, time and effort from medical educators. This systematic review focuses on the application of large language models (LLMs) in generating medical MCQs. Methods: The authors searched for studies published up to November 2023. Search terms focused on LLMs generated MCQs for medical examinations. Non-English, out of year range and studies not focusing on AI generated multiple-choice questions were excluded. MEDLINE was used as a search database. Risk of bias was evaluated using a tailored QUADAS-2 tool. Results: Overall, eight studies published between April 2023 and October 2023 were included. Six studies used Chat-GPT 3.5, while two employed GPT 4. Five studies showed that LLMs can produce competent questions valid for medical exams. Three studies used LLMs to write medical questions but did not evaluate the validity of the questions. One study conducted a comparative analysis of different models. One other study compared LLM-generated questions with those written by humans. All studies presented faulty questions that were deemed inappropriate for medical exams. Some questions required additional modifications in order to qualify. Conclusions: LLMs can be used to write MCQs for medical examinations. However, their limitations cannot be ignored. Further study in this field is essential and more conclusive evidence is needed. Until then, LLMs may serve as a supplementary tool for writing medical examinations. 2 studies were at high risk of bias. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in improving the timeliness of electronic medical record documentation (EMRd) remains uncertain. EMRd that is completed beyond the specified time is classified as late EMRd, while unqualified EMRd refers to electronic medical records with important sections that are not completed on time according to the Chinese Basic Norms of Medical Records Writing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDCA management in improving the timeliness of EMRd among resident doctors. Method: This study utilized a before and after design. Resident doctors rotating in the Head and Neck Oncology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from November 2021 to August 2022 were classified as the control group and did not receive specific training on the timeliness of EMRd. Those rotating from September 2022 to June 2023 were assigned to the PDCA group, which was managed using the PDCA cycle. The effectiveness of PDCA cycle management was evaluated by comparing the incidence of late EMRd and unqualified EMRd between two groups. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted tocontrol for confounding factors. Results: A total of 245 resident doctors were included, with 162 doctors in the PDCA group and 152 doctors in the control group. The incidences of late EMRd (5.40% vs. 2.56%, P = 0.005) and unqualified EMRd (1.05% vs. 0.00%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the PDCA group than those in the control group. After adjusting confounding factors, PDCA management still significantly reduced the occurrence of unqualified EMRd (P < 0.001) with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.166 (95% CI 0.067–0.416) and late EMRd (P < 0.001) with an adjusted OR of 0.318 (95% CI 0.181–0.557). Conclusion: This study successfully developed PDCA management and demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the timeliness of EMRd while concurrently reducing the incidence of unqualified and late entries among resident doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The development and potential of artificial intelligence (AI) is remarkable. Its application in all medical disciplines, including rheumatology, is attracting attention. To what extent AI is already used in clinical routine in rheumatology is unknown. In addition, the perceived barriers, potentials, and expectations regarding AI by rheumatologists have not yet been studied. Objectives: To examine the current usage and perceived barriers and facilitators of AI, including large language models (LLMs), among rheumatologists. Design: National, observational, non-interventional, and cross-sectional web-based study. Methods: A web-based survey was developed by the Working Group Young Rheumatology (AGJR) of the German Society for Rheumatology. The survey was distributed at the Congress of the German Society for Rheumatology and via social media, QR code, and email from August 30 until November 4, 2023. Results: Responses from 172 rheumatologists (55% female; mean age 43 years) were analyzed. The majority stated that they did not previously use AI (73%) in their daily practice. Eighty-eight percent of rheumatologists rated their AI knowledge as low to intermediate and 84% would welcome dedicated training on LLMs. The majority of rheumatologists anticipated AI implementation to improve patient care (60%) and reduce daily workload (62%). Especially for diagnosis (73%), writing medical reports (70%), and data analysis (70%), rheumatologists reported a potential positive benefit of AI. Main AI concerns addressed the responsibility for medical decisions (64%) and data security (58%). Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that rheumatologists currently have little AI knowledge and make very little use of AI in clinical routine. However, the majority of rheumatologists anticipate positive AI effects and would welcome increased AI implementation and dedicated training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The letter to the editor responds to a critique of the evaluation period in a study on the effectiveness of Ensitrelvir in reducing severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The study found that Ensitrelvir reduced hospitalization rates in high-risk patients, including those with underlying diseases. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of Ensitrelvir on different high-risk factors. The authors suggest further research to identify specific patient populations that may benefit from antiviral treatment. The study was supported by Shionogi & Co., Ltd., and the data used are available from JMDC Inc. with restrictions. [Extracted from the article]

Aims: This study analysed the status of nurse‐authored patents and their influencing factors. In particular, this study examined the effects of nurses' innovative behaviour and creative self‐efficacy on nurse‐authored patent output via structural equation modelling (SEM). Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods: Nurses were recruited from one tertiary cancer hospital in Beijing, China. Among them, 352 oncology nurses completed the online versions of the Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale and Creative Self‐Efficacy Scale in 2023. Results: We collected a total of 332 valid questionnaires. Fifty‐seven (17.2%) nurses had 1–3 patents, and only 6 (1.8%) had more than three patents. The final model revealed a chain reaction between creative self‐efficacy, innovation behaviour and nurse‐authored patent output (χ2 = 11.962, df = 7, p = 0.102). Significant differences were observed in the number of nurse‐authored patents and based on age, educational profile, professional title, length of service, position, participation in science and technology innovation training, and experience in project presentation (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nurses still play a minor role in the field of medical technology innovation. It is necessary to promote innovative behaviour among nurses and improve their creative self‐efficacy in terms of innovation. Impact: Developing intervention strategies to encourage nurses to pursue clinical innovations is crucial for nursing managers and technological innovation promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Endocrine Society formally addressed the issue of retirement for its members for the first time in a Workshop held on June 4 at ENDO 2024 in Boston, Massachusetts. Preparation for the workshop included 4 steps: (1) completion of a survey; (2) advice from a retirement expert; (3) extensive literature review; and (4) multiple pre-workshop discussions among the presenters. The survey found that retired endocrinologists are involved in a wide variety of professional and nonprofessional activities. The retirement expert and the literature review outlined several concepts underlying a successful retirement and the questions and decisions needed during the planning process. The presenters described several illustrative examples of retirement activities. A "Piece of My Mind" essay in the Journal of the American Medical Association written by the moderator (C.B.) expressed ethical considerations made feasible by the independence of her retirement status. The first presenter (A.R.) noted that the time available during retirement allowed mentorship, teaching in foreign countries and other institutions, and participation on international committees. The second speaker (K.F.) commented that expertise gained during practice of Endocrinology can be used for expert legal, pharmaceutical, and financial opinions. She also noted that volunteering for professional or nonprofessional groups provides an avenue for "giving back" to others. The final presenter (R.S.) stated that retirement provides an opportunity to embark on new clinical endeavors, such as managing patients via telemedicine in rural underserved areas. In summary, retirement is an important phase of a career and can be highly rewarding and enjoyable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Medical certificates communicate the needs and conditions of a person to (often) non-medical entities or other stakeholders. Medical certificates can have a profound effect on patients' access to social and financial support, and therefore wellbeing. However, general practitioners (GPs) are not formally trained in effective completion of medical certificates, leaving opportunity for workforce development. Objective This article discusses the significant role of medical certificates in patient care and the challenges GPs face in completing medical certificates. Discussion Medical certificates are often the only mode of communication between GPs and non-medical entities. The tone, comprehensiveness and content of medical certificates can influence the document's utility. There are limited guidelines and formal education for GPs on how to write an effective medical certificate. Designing and implementing guidelines along with appropriate training for GPs will likely result in better patient outcomes in line with their support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing is usually integrated in the curriculum of science studies. However, students often lack the skills to write for various audiences or, to produce a well written manuscript. We developed a concise project of 15 European Credits to improve the writing skills in an early phase of the bachelor study. Students worked on texts from various journals and looked at the writing styles. They rewrote texts in a popular and more scientific way and practiced with clear, vivid language, avoiding clutter and hedge words, considering a proper use of grammar and interpunction. Medical writing was also introduced during the project. Grading was based on rewriting for a non‐expert and expert audience. A rewritten text was presented to the public in the form of a student‐initiated survey. This project shows an inverted approach creating student ownership and enthusiasm for writing. In addition, we created and tested successfully a concise two‐day workshop based on this project. Based on the results we herewith present the work as an idea to explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field that utilizes computer technology to imitate, improve, and expand human intelligence. The concept of AI was originally proposed in the mid-twentieth century, and it has evolved into a technology that serves different purposes, ranging from simple automation to complex decision-making processes. AI encompasses Artificial Narrow Intelligence, General Intelligence, and Super Intelligence. AI is transforming data analysis, language checks, and literature reviews in research. In many fields of AI applications, ethical considerations, including plagiarism, bias, privacy, responsibility, and transparency, need precise norms and human oversight. By promoting understanding and adherence to ethical principles, the research community may successfully utilize the advantages of AI while upholding academic accountability and integrity. It takes teamwork from all stakeholders to improve human knowledge and creativity, and ethical AI use in research is essential.

INTRODUCTION: This article is part of a special series designed to help authors in the process of scientific writing. OBJECTIVE: To address common mistakes that researchers commit while writing a manuscript, in order to understand and optimize the process of writing a new research paper. METHODS: The authors made a nonsystematic search in the current literature (PubMed) to retrieve papers that address the most frequent mistakes found by editors, peer reviewers, journals and authors. RESULTS: According to the search results, key findings about the most common mistakes for each section of a manuscript were described (introduction section, methods section, results section, discussion section, conclusion section, references, title and abstract). CONCLUSION: There is a great amount of avoidable mistakes in each section of a scientific manuscript. Overall, among the most common mistakes are missing data, incomplete sections, excessive report of current literature or reporting data in an inadequate section.

Through close reading of medical and cultural texts, this article demonstrates how the narrativisation of relational harm underpinned the emerging categorisation of 'addiction' in the 19th century: excessive consumption was conceived through its detrimental impact upon others, and more specifically, upon the family. The problem was portrayed as physiological, psychological, and social: 'addiction' could not be located securely within a single individual, nor was it conceived simply as a social vice. While other societal themes emerge in the medical writing of the period, such as the relationship between drinking and criminality, and the visibility of drinking in the working-classes, these are not presented as proto-diagnostic criteria in the same way as relational harm. In theorising addiction, medicine relied upon rhetorical devices and narrative modes, and authors and artists took an active role in defining the terms of the debate around drinking, drug use, and gambling. Charles Dickens and George Cruikshank represent childhood through the adult's compulsive behaviour, which the child witnesses, while the adult's behaviour itself is conceived as harm directed towards child. The article demonstrates how 21st-century attitudes, particularly located in the fields of psychiatric diagnosis and child protection social work, echo debates established by 19th-century narratives, arguing that that the disease model of addiction was closely associated with the medico-legal production of childhood. Nineteenth-century narratives of addiction therefore anticipate late 20th- and 21st-century attitudes regarding the impact of parental substance use upon children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OpenAI’s ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a chatbot that answers questions and performs writing tasks in a conversational tone. Within months of release, multiple sectors are contemplating the varied applications of this chatbot, including medicine, education, and research, all of which are involved in medical communication and scientific publishing. Medical writers and academics use several artificial intelligence (AI) tools and software for research, literature survey, data analyses, referencing, and writing. There are benefits of using different AI tools in medical writing. However, using chatbots for medical communications pose some major concerns such as potential inaccuracies, data bias, security, and ethical issues. Perceived incorrect notions also limit their use. Moreover, ChatGPT can also be challenging if used incorrectly and for irrelevant tasks. If used appropriately, ChatGPT will not only upgrade the knowledge of the medical writer but also save time and energy that could be directed toward more creative and analytical areas requiring expert skill sets. This review introduces chatbots, outlines the progress in ChatGPT research, elaborates the potential uses of ChatGPT in medical communications along with its challenges and limitations, and proposes future research perspectives. It aims to provide guidance for doctors, researchers, and medical writers on the uses of ChatGPT in medical communications.

Workshops or training sessions on medical writing and publishing exist worldwide. We aimed to evaluate published articles about such workshops and examine both the content and teaching strategies employed. We searched ISI Web of Science, Ovid EMBASE, ERIC, Ovid Medline, and the grey literature. We considered no language, geographical location, or time period limitations. We included randomized controlled trials, before–after studies, surveys, cohort studies, and program evaluation and development studies. We descriptively reported the results. Out of 222 articles that underwent a full-text review, 30 were deemed eligible. The educational sessions were sporadic, with researchers often developing their own content and methods. Fifteen articles reported teaching the standard structure of medical articles, ten articles reported on teaching optimal English language use for writing articles, nine articles discussed publication ethics issues, and three articles discussed publication strategies to enhance the chance of publication. Most reports lacked in-depth descriptions of the content and strategies used, and the approach to those topics was relatively superficial. Existing workshops have covered topics such as the standard structure of articles, publication ethics, techniques for improving publication rates, and how to use the English language. However, many other topics are left uncovered. The reports and practice of academic-teaching courses should be improved.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate global longitudinal publication trends in oncology in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) from 2001-2020. Design: Retrospective bibliometric analysis. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were the numbers and percentages of women as first, last, and corresponding author across all CDSR oncology publications. Additional outcomes included authorship differences between countries and percentages of women authors over time compared using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results: In total, 548 articles were analyzed. Women were first authors in 52.26% (n=277) and corresponding authors in 50.75% (n=272), respectively. Women represented only 39.4% (n=210) of last authors, significantly less frequent than male counterparts (p < 0.001). The percentage of women last and corresponding authors has increased significantly in the past 20 years (p < 0.05). Countries such as the Netherlands and Australia consistently showed equitable representation in first, corresponding, and last authorship, while other countries such as Italy and China had uniformly low rates of female authorship. Coclusions: Our results highlight patterns of gender inequity in oncology publication authorship in the CDSR from 2001-2020 at a global level. Notably, women were less likely to serve in the last author position which, independent of assigned corresponding authorship, is generally assumed in academic oncology to designate the leader of a published study. Substantive efforts to correct this disparity are needed to achieve gender parity in publicly perceived leadership in oncology publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology is expanding rapidly, with ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM) from OpenAI, showing promise in patient education, clinical decision-making, and teledermatology. Despite its potential, the ethical, clinical, and practical implications of its application remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, challenges, and future prospects of ChatGPT in dermatology, focusing on clinical applications, patient interactions, and medical writing. ChatGPT was selected due to its broad adoption, extensive validation, and strong performance in dermatology-related tasks. Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted, focusing on publications related to ChatGPT and dermatology. The search included articles in English from November 2022 to August 2024, as this period captures the most recent developments following the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, ensuring that the review includes the latest advancements and discussions on its role in dermatology. Studies were chosen based on their relevance to clinical applications, patient interactions, and ethical issues. Descriptive metrics, such as average accuracy scores and reliability percentages, were used to summarize study characteristics, and key findings were analyzed. Results: ChatGPT has shown significant potential in passing dermatology specialty exams and providing reliable responses to patient queries, especially for common dermatological conditions. However, it faces limitations in diagnosing complex cases like cutaneous neoplasms, and concerns about the accuracy and completeness of its information persist. Ethical issues, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for transparent guidelines, were identified as critical challenges. Conclusions: While ChatGPT has the potential to significantly enhance dermatological practice, particularly in patient education and teledermatology, its integration must be cautious, addressing ethical concerns and complementing, rather than replacing, dermatologist expertise. Future research should refine ChatGPT's diagnostic capabilities, mitigate biases, and develop comprehensive clinical guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Durability, Portability, and Responsivity in Rhetorics of Health and Medicine (RHM): A Scoping Study of RHM Research (2006-2020)" delves into the challenges faced by RHM researchers in creating durable and portable research that can reach diverse audiences. It underscores the significance of conducting research that contributes to the discipline and addresses structural conditions affecting research outcomes. The article also notes an increase in articles discussing race, ableism, and sexism, reflecting changing priorities in RHM scholarship. By detailing the methods used by RHM researchers, particularly textual and rhetorical analysis, the study offers insights for future research in the field, advocating for precision in research methods and interdisciplinary collaboration for sustainable and responsive scholarship in RHM. [Extracted from the article]

Nurse scholar Karen J. Foli has had an unconventional trajectory. She has written everything from mysteries to thrillers to peer-reviewed journal manuscripts and Food and Drug Administration documents. She conceptualized and disseminated two middle-range theories, one surrounding parental postadoption depression and one surrounding nurses' psychological trauma. Foli's research has revealed a new type of nurse-specific trauma, insufficient resource trauma, which calls for efforts at the organizational level. Winner of several book of the year awards, she is now working on a third middle-range theory. Dr. Foli shares her journey and encourages nurses to give theory a shot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the effectiveness of dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody, in treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). The study examines the relationship between baseline serum total IgE and blood eosinophils levels and the response to dupilumab treatment. The results indicate that dupilumab is effective in improving both objective and subjective measures of CRSwNP severity, regardless of baseline biomarker levels. However, patients with higher blood eosinophil counts showed a greater improvement in treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that dupilumab may be a promising treatment option for CRSwNP patients, particularly those with elevated blood eosinophil levels. The study was funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. [Extracted from the article]

Since its release in late 2022, ChatGPT and subsequent generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools have raised a wide variety of questions and concerns for the field of technical communication: How will these tools be incorporated into professional settings? How might we appropriately integrate these tools into our research and teaching? In this review, we examine research published in 2023–2024 addressing these questions (N = 28). Overall, we find preliminary evidence that GAI tools can positively impact student writing and assessment; they also have the potential to assist with some aspects of academic and medical research and writing. However, there are concerns about their reliability and the ethical conundrums raised when they are used inappropriately or when their outputs cannot be distinguished from humans. More research is needed for evidence-based teaching and research strategies as well as policies guiding ethical use. We offer suggestions for new research avenues and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Artificial intelligence, especially ChatGPT, has been used in various aspects of medicine; however, whether ChatGPT can be used in case report writing is unknown. This study aimed to provoke discussion and provide a platform for it. Methods: I wrote a theoretical case report where cyst aspiration cured a twisted ovarian cyst (Manuscript 4). I tasked ChatGPT with generating case reports by inputting information at three different levels: (1) key message and case profile, (2) addition of key introduction information (including known facts and problems to be solved), and (3) further addition of main discussion points. These inputs resulted in the creation of Manuscripts 1–3, which were subjected to analysis. Manuscript 3, generated by ChatGPT with the deepest information input, was compared with Manuscript 4, the human‐authored counterpart. Results: With the least information, Manuscript 1 can stand on its own, but its content is superficial. The more detailed data input, the more readable and reasonable the manuscripts become. A human‐written manuscript involves personal experience and viewpoints other than obstetrics‐gynecology. Conclusions: Better input produced more reasonable and readable case reports. Human‐written paper, compared with ChatGPT‐generated one, can involve "human touch." Whether such human touch enriches the case report awaits further discussion. Whether ChatGPT can be used in case report writing, and if it can, to what extent, should be worthy of further study. I encourage every doctor to form their own stance towards ChatGPT use in medical writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]