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Copyright of Herz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the levels of satisfaction from medical staff and patients by analyzing 691 Supreme Court precedents on medical practice from legal disputes in Korea, which are developing into a dual medical system. In addition, the issues that can be prevented in the medical field through the flow and judgment of legal disputes in medical practice after the revision of the medical law are discussed. The concept of medical practice not specified in the Medical Law was examined and compared with the medical-legal systems of Germany, Japan, and the USA through international comparative analysis to assess the illegal factors occurring in the medical field by analyzing the legal approach, medical practice, and medical personnel qualifications of each country. An analysis of the Supreme Courts case law revealed the timing analysis of issues in legal disputes related to medical practice, the incidence rate among the subjects of the cases, and medical personnel to be significant. The meaning was studied by finding the law that applied to it. Important cases were identified, and their meaning was reviewed. The legal issues of medical practice in orthopedics were divided into five sections based on precedents, such as problems in consent to information at the start of treatment, problems in prior radiography before treatment, explanation of the consent process for surgical treatment, problems related to the qualification of operators in the operating room, and the responsibility for postoperative results. In the wake of the recent major crisis in the governments medical reform policy (Essential medical package), procedural problems and legal reviews of illegal medical practices and their qualifications in the medical field were conducted because of the lack of medical personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wiener Klinisches Magazin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article substantiates the need for shaping a separate legal system to regulate the relations in tissue banking, as well as biomedical tissue and hybrid technologies. The key problems that have been faced by biomedical and cellular tissue technologies in Russia were analyzed. The major deficiencies and contradictions regarding organ and tissue transplantation in the current Russian legal system were pointed out. First, there have been no federal laws governing the activities of tissue banks. Second, the procedures of human biomaterial donation for medical use remain uncontrolled. Third, there has been no consistency in the retrieval, storage, and transportation of human biomaterials. Finally, the list and legal status of organizations engaged in relevant activities and the legal regime of biological material used for these purposes have not been defined. The study focuses on the practical problems of tissue banks and innovative biomedical technologies that require a legislative initiative. Possible ways to overcome the identified contradictions and problems were discussed.

The study based on archival, published historical documents and other available information sources highlights the activity of sickness funds that functioned in Ukraine on the territory of modern Prykarpattia during the period of Polish rule in 1919–1939 (the Second Polish Republic, in Polish: II Rzeczpospolita Polska) as a prototype of health insurance. The analysis of these documents allows to deter- mine the peculiarities of the activity of these institutions in relations with society and the state, methods of financing, rights and obligations of the members of these organizations, specific features of the decision-making management, insurance cases and ways of compensation. The retrospective approach used in this study makes it possible to recreate the picture of the past in the field of health care in general and health insurance in particular, even with the lack of historical and legal sources of a certain historical period. Seeing the present through a peculiar prism of the past helps to dive into the inner life of the society with all its manife- stations and ideas contributing to better understanding of modern social processes. In other words, the longer you look back, the further you see ahead.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While for medical professionals, a scientific breakthrough in medicine the like of the ability for transplantation, cloning, and the active implementation of reproductive technologies for addressing infertility is a reason for celebration, then, for legal professionals, it primarily serves as a basis for fruitful work. The issue of newest human rights belongs to the realm of global theoretical and legal issues that can no longer be ignored. Specific constitutional decisions regarding the fourth-generation human rights should be preceded by their scientific contemplation within the framework of legal theory. We believe that such scientific research should be comprehensive, and specific legal conclusions, due to the specific nature of the rights under research, may be supplemented by arguments of philosophical, medical, or religious nature. On the one hand, progress in science and technology positively impacts the realization of already enshrined human rights, opening up new opportunities for their enforcement, protection, and the creation of new areas for international cooperation in this field, opens up new human needs and opportunities, and on the other hand, quite unexpectedly, it can also have a negative impact, creating new threats to the realization of the interests of individuals, society, or the state. Ensuring and protecting the fourth-generation human rights are essential tasks for all national governments, human rights organizations, and the international community as a whole. We emphasize the need to improve the legal framework for ensuring all the newest human rights. The level of recognition and enforcement of such rights indicates the essence of the state and can serve as one of the criteria for recognizing it as a rule of law and democracy. We stress that the research of the fourth-generation human rights is important for several reasons, as they are inextricably linked to other human rights, such as the right to life, health, personal integrity, the right to safe living conditions, etc. Understanding the specifics of newest rights will help ensure the physical, emotional and informational security of a person, and secure their freedom of action based on respect for the personalities of others. The article distinguishes somatic rights, defining them as those that provide a person with additional opportunities in the field of health care. We emphasize that somatic rights should be viewed as an independent group of human rights that meets the interests and needs of modern person. We characterize them as personal subjective human rights, which realize the freedom of action of a person in relation to his or her body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Obstetricians often times find themselves in a conflict of right and duty with their patients, when these patients refuse recommended treatment. On the one hand, the obstetrician, aiming to fulfil the duty of care, recommends a treatment in the best interest of the woman. The woman, on the other hand, exercising her right of self-determination and autonomy, declines the recommended treatment. Materials and Methods A search was conducted for literature, articles and case reports on the subject on PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the keywords: medical ethics, medical law, obstetric mortality, maternal medicine, foetal medicine, patient autonomy, informed consent, right to life and right to liberty. Results Opinions have historically differed on whether maternal or foetal rights should be deferred to in situations where pregnant women refuse obstetric interventions. So also have legal decisions on the issue. The general consensus is, however, to respect a woman's refusal of recommended medical treatment, in deference to her right of self-determination and autonomy. The obstetric outcomes in such instances are however, often times, unfavourable. Conclusion The ethics of patient care in the face of conflicting rights deserves renewed examination and discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the biological, biomarker-driven framework of Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes formalized through revised, consensus clinical criteria, clinicians will confront more and more patients in the earliest, asymptomatic stages of disease. The language and diction used by practitioners to characterize these early patients, whether they are diagnosed with AD, and how their condition is documented in medical and legal records have important implications for both their care and their medical-legal status outside of the health system. Investigation is needed urgently to better understand clinicians' views and practices regarding early AD, as we adapt to new disease definitions in this unprecedented era of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Angle Health Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'analyse du rôle du médecin relatif aux maladies dites vénériennes, d'une part, aux remèdes aphrodisiaques, de l'autre, est révélatrice de la tension existante entre le traitement du corps social et le soin du corps humain, entre la santé publique et la santé individuelle. Est significative à cet égard l'évolution des dispositions du droit médical érotique, c'est-à-dire relatifs aux amours charnelles. En encadrant les activités iatriques, autrement dit celles qui ressortissent de l'art du médecin, la loi interroge la définition même de la médecine. Analyse the doctor's role relative to diseases formerly qualified as venereal on the one hand, to aphrodisiac remedies on the other, reveals the existing tension between the care of the social body and the human body, between public and individual health. The evolution of the medical law relating to carnal love demonstrates a significant evolution in this area. By redefining iatric activities, in other words those that come under the art of the doctor, it questions the definition of medicine itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Angle Health Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that international standards in the field of health care and medical services are central to the field of world principles of functioning and development of medical law. The aim of the article is to conduct research on the peculiarities of international standards in the field of health care and medical services, as well as to study the prospects of their implementation in Ukraine. Leading research methods are general and special research methods, including methods of logic, analysis, comparison. The results of this study are to outline recommendations for the use of international standards in the field of health care and medical services in Ukraine and to summarize the legal framework on this issue. The significance of the results is reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis for outlining future changes in current legislation of Ukraine on the functioning of the health care system and implementation of world practices in health care. Within the framework of this study, systematized the main international and European documents that reflect the main international standards in the field of health care and medical services and ratified in Ukraine and have a direct impact on the legal framework for this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Medipol University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Healthcare provision takes place in a variety of contexts, with variations of resources available to practitioners and their patients. Effects from the COVID‐19 pandemic superimposed on existing system demands have driven increasing concern about resource limitations, particularly in rural and remote settings. This article explores the legal liability of medical practitioners and healthcare services with respect to actions in negligence arising from harm to patients suffered, either partly or wholly, as a result of resource limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper aimed to describe the legal worries of Australian general practitioners (GPs) and nurses regarding end-of-life care provided in the aged care setting. Methods: An analysis of responses to the final, open-ended question of a cross-sectional online survey of GPs and nurses practising in aged care settings in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria was undertaken. Results: Of the 162 GPs and 61 nurses who gave valid responses to the survey, 92% (151 GPs and 55 nurses) responded to the open-ended question. Participants identified concerns across all relevant areas of end-of-life law. The most common concerns were substitute decision-makers or family member(s) wanting to overrule an Advance Care Directive, requests for futile or non-beneficial treatment and conflict about end-of-life decision-making. Participants often also identified concerns about their lack of legal knowledge and their fear of law or risk related to both end-of-life care generally and providing medication that may hasten death. Conclusions: Australian GPs and nurses working in aged care have broad-ranging legal concerns about providing end-of-life care. Legal concerns and knowledge gaps identified here highlight priority areas for future training of the aged care workforce. The law supports good end-of-life clinical practice by facilitating health care that aligns with the values and goals of patients, including those residing in residential aged care facilities. GPs and nurses here reported broad-ranging legal concerns relevant to providing end-of-life care within aged care, including substitute decision makers/family members wanting to overrule Advance Care Directives, requests for futile or non-beneficial treatment and conflict about decision-making. Participants' concerns can inform end-of-life legal training for aged care GPs and nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Locus: Penelitian dan Pengabdian is the property of Riviera Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In many European legal systems, the provisions of medical legislative acts impose directly on healthcare professionals an obligation to act with due care. This imperative may be considered a basic principle of practising all medical professions, and even a generally accepted principle of medical law. Due care is the manner of conduct by medical professionals that meets the requirements contained in an objective and external standard of conduct created for each specific obligational relationship. Despite the differences between European legal systems, from a comparative perspective it is possible to notice similar factors taken into account when determining the standards of due care in medicine. This is because the conduct of medical professionals is largely determined by actual state of medical knowledge, medical standards and deontological codes relating to all medical professional activities. The aim of the article is to discuss in detail these issues in comparative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of providing statements in the event of incapacity to consent to medical treatment is extremely complex. The international legal community grapples with terminological confusion, with the terms “living wills”, “pro futuro statements”, “advance medical directives”, and the classic “statements for the event of future incapacity to consent” being used to describe the concept in question. What exactly, however, does this concept involve? The article points out the legal differences between the classic expression of consent or objection as precisely defined in the Polish Act on the Profession of Physician and Dentist, and the making of a statement in the event of future incapacity to consent. The issue of the form required for the delivery of such statements was considered. Relevant Polish legislation was analysed with the legal basis facilitating (or not) the making of such statements being indicated and possible risks for physicians providing medical services to individuals who had delivered such statements being presented. Also presented are the necessary changes to Polish legislation regarding the institution of living wills as well as postulates regarding future law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical practice through digital health platforms is one of the innovations in the health sector that changes the practice of medicine in a modern direction with technological intermediaries. Digital health platforms accommodate doctors in providing medical services to patients virtually. Certain parties may experience the disadvantages of using technology as a result of limitations that surround medical practice through digital health platforms. The laws have not yet provided specific arrangements related to the medical practice through digital health platforms. This research aims to provide legal certainty by identifying and analyzing the limits of liability of the parties involved in medical practices through digital health platforms. This legal research uses a statutory approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that the imposition of liability for losses suffered by a particular party is based on the element of error inherent in the party that caused the loss. Platform operators are responsible for the leakage of a patient's personal data and medical records. Doctors are responsible for misdiagnosis and prescribing of drugs after the patient provides correct health information. The courier delivery is responsible for ensuring the medicine reaches the patient from the pharmacy according to the prescription given by the doctor. The electronic payment company must solve the transfer of funds problem and the insurances responsible for taking care on insurances needs if the patient connects the treatment with their insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in breast imaging, driven by a global rise in breast cancer cases. Propelled by deep learning techniques, AI shows promise in refining diagnostic processes, yet adoption rates vary. Its ability to manage extensive datasets and process multidimensional information holds potential for advancing precision medicine in breast cancer research. However, integration faces challenges, from data-related obstacles to ensuring transparency and trust in decision-making. Legal considerations, including the formation of AI teams and intellectual property protection, influence health care's adoption of AI. Ethical dimensions underscore the need for responsible AI implementation, emphasizing autonomy, well-being, safety, transparency, and accessibility. Establishing a robust legal and ethical framework is crucial for conscientiously deploying AI, ensuring positive impacts on patient safety and treatment efficacy. As nations and organizations aspire to engage in global competition, not merely as consumers, the review highlights the critical importance of developing legal regulations. A comprehensive approach, from AI team formation to end-user processes, is essential for navigating the complex terrain of AI applications in breast imaging. Legal experts play a key role in ensuring compliance, managing risks, and fostering resilient integration. The ultimate goal is a harmonious synergy between technological advancements and ethical considerations, ushering in enhanced breast cancer diagnostics through responsible AI utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]