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Thymomas originate from thymic epithelial cells. They are usually benign or low-grade tumors and may also show malignant potential. It is the most common primary mediastinal tumor in adults, accounting for 20% of mediastinal masses in adults. Thymomas usually originate from the anterior-superior mediastinum as a primary mass. However, they can be in any localization from the neck to the diaphragm. Thymomas can sometimes be located ectopically outside the mediastinum, in the cervical region, pericardiac area or within the lung. And even ectopic thymomas can be found in the lung periphery and lung hilus outside the intrapulmonary focus. In this article, we aimed to share the imaging findings of 3 cases of ectopic thymoma unrelated to the mediastinal thymus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mediastinum is the region within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus, lymph nodes and neural structures. The mediastinum is divided into three sections: anterior, middle and posterior. The presence of so many different tissues in this area makes it prone to the development of many different types and numbers of malignant/benign tumors. Materials left behind during surgical operations can mimic mediastinal tumors in all three compartments of the mediastinum. Gossypiboma or textileoma are the terms used for granulomatous inflammations caused by surgical gas packs or foreign bodies left in the body after surgery. The present study relates to a case of gossypiboma originating from the paravertebral sulci and extending into the visceral mediastinum, mimicking a mediastinal tumor, in the light of current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tepecik Education & Research Hospital / İzmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a condition in which poorly differentiated cells in a mixed-germ cell tumor (GCT) regress after chemotherapy, and the number of well-differentiated components increases. A 60-year-old man had an 8.0 cm mediastinal tumor with strong 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake [maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax): 9.2], which was diagnosed as a GCT. After chemotherapy, serum alpha fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and tumor 18F-FDG uptake decreased (SUVmax: 3.9), but the tumor volume increased. The tumor was completely resected, and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of GTS. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography after chemotherapy reflects the proliferation of highly differentiated tumor components with poor 18F-FDG uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Decision making about clinically significant lymph nodes (LN) is crucial. We elaborated the mediastinal LNs based on location, size and age groups. Material and Method: Contrast enhanced chest computed tomography scans of 150 children who were referred to the radiology department after trauma, were evaluated retrospectively. All participants were divided into five age groups (0-24, 25-60, 61- 120, 121-180 and 181-216 months) which included thirty children each. We documented the shortest and longest axis diameters of the largest LNs and their location along with the age and gender of the children. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t test, Spearman's correlation analysis assessment and descriptive statistics were expressed using SPSS 22. Results: Mean ages were 11.53±10.1, 39.4±11.1, 84±15.9, 154.9±17.6, 190±9.3 months in consecutive age groups and 96±69.17 months in general. The most frequent locations with detectable LNs were subcarinal (n:98, 64%), right lower paratracheal (n:88, 57%), right tracheobronchial (n:82, 56%), right upper paratracheal (n:75, 49%) and left tracheobronchial (n:61, %39) lymphatic stations. Mean short and long axis diameters were 3.97±1mm (interquartile range:3.4-5.2) and 7.48±1.98mm (interquartile range:6.3-9.1) among detected 648 LNs, respectively. Both short and long axis diameters of LNs in low cervical, prevascular, subcarinal, right-left paratracheal and right-left tracheobronchial locations were correlated with the age (p<0.05). Both short and long axis diameters of subcarinal LNs (4.78±1.05mm, 9.30±1.8mm) were significantly larger than right lower paratracheal (4.03±0.9mm, 7.94±1.6mm; p:0.001), right tracheobronchial (4.42±1.26mm, 8.59±2.1mm; p:0.04) and right upper paratracheal LNs (3.64±0.79mm, 7.1±1.49mm). Conclusion: Being aware of the size range for normal mediastinal LNs according to ages and locations would facilitate management and reduce unnecessary interventions and medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has gained widespread popularity worldwide in the last decades due to its proven improvements in patient outcomes. More recently, single-incision VATS, which has emerged to be a more minimally invasive approach as compared with conventional VATS, has begun to be used for the majority of thoracic surgical pathologies within the chest cavity. In this retrospective single-center study, we aimed to share and highlight our experience in the surgery of mediastinal pathologies through single-incision VATS. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent single-incision VATS for mediastinal pathologies between May 2009 and May 2019 in our center were included, and their medical files were reviewed retrospectively. Results The study included 112 patients (female: 52.7%; age range: 3-87 years). Single-incision VATS were performed for diagnostic (n=25) and therapeutic (n=87) purposes. No thoracotomy or additional port incision was required in any of the operations. The mean operative time was 26 minutes in diagnostic procedures and 53 minutes in therapeutic procedures. The median duration of postoperative drainage was 1.3 days, and the mean duration of hospital stay was 2.3 days. Only 5 patients developed postoperative complications, and no mortality was observed. Relapse was not observed in any of the patients during the follow-up period (range: 1-25 months). Conclusions Use of this innovative technique, i.e., single-incision VATS, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in mediastinal pathologies decreases the need for much more invasive procedures such as thoracotomy or sternotomy and leads to improved patient outcomes such as early recovery and less pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yolk sac tumor is the most common malignant neoplasm of germ cell origin and usually occurs in infant testes or ovaries. On rare occasions, the tumor arises from extragonadal sites, including the sacrococcygeal region, uterus, vagina, prostate, retroperitoneum, liver, mediastinum (commonly in the anterior), pineal gland, and third ventricle. Yolk sac tumors have an unfavorable prognosis, if not treated aggressively. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with a primary posterior mediastinal yolk sac tumor who was managed initially with surgery, followed by chemotherapy and had a favorable prognosis. In the literature on yolk sac tumors presenting as a me- diastinal mass, pediatric germ cell tumors have been reported very rarely in the posterior mediastinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surgery & Medicine (JOSAM) is the property of Journal of Surgery & Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bronchogenic cysts (BC) are rare congenital malformations arising during the development of the ventral foregut. Bronchogenic cysts form as a result of abnormal budding of the bronchial tree during embryogenesis (between 4th-6th weeks). Most bronchogenic cysts originate in the mediastinum, while 15% to 20% occur in the lung parenchyma. According to the literature, most intrapulmonary cysts occur in the lower lobes. But bronchogenic cysts are commonly found in the middle and superior mediastinum. The bronchogenic cyst in our patient was subcarinal. It was striking in terms of its giant size and laying on two hemithoraxes.The bronchogenic cysts are usually asymptomatic and often diagnosed incidentally during routine chest roentgenogram for other reasons.They may not be detected until adulthood. Our patient was 56 years old. She had no obvious symptoms . The patient was referred to our clinic because of cough,and her bronchogenic cyst was determined. Basic treatment of bronchogenic cyst consists of surgical excision. However, in cases where resection cannot be performed, the epithelium should be peeled as in our case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While mediastinal parathyroid carcinoma is a rare entity by itself, multiglandular coexistence of parathyroid carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma represents an extremely rare condition. Herein, we report such a rare presentation of multiglandular parathyroid neoplasm with an ectopic parathyroid carcinoma in the mediastinum and parathyroid adenoma on neck in a patient with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). This 38-year-old female patient who initially presented with nephrolithiasis and osteopenia was subsequently diagnosed as having PHP. Following bilateral surgical neck exploration, existence of a parathyroid adenoma on the right side of neck was revealed. However, due to the persistence of hypercalcemia postoperatively, a single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT/CT) examination was performed which showed a mass lesion in the anterior mediastinum. A surgical procedure was performed and the lesion, 10x10x3 mm in dimensions, confirmed to be a parathyroid carcinoma by histopathologic examination. At 1-year of follow-up there was no tumor recurrence or hypercalcemia. This is the first patient who had coexistent of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma in the neck with persistent PHP. This case emphasises the difficulties in diagnosing and managing parathyroid disease. Multiple diagnostic studies are crucial for identification of multiple parathyroid glands in patients with persistent PHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulomatous diseases are quite common in our country; tuberculosis (TB) and sarcoidosis are the most common. TB mostly involves the lungs; however, in some cases, it may involve the mediastinal lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis, on the other hand, often reveals itself as mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy (LAP). Presently described are cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis that mimicked mediastinal malignancy in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanning and had high fludeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Three patients whose PET-CT scans revealed pathological FDG uptake due to mediastinal LAP were admitted to our clinic. Two had cough and dyspnea, and third had operated breast cancer, uterine cancer, and thyroid cancer. Videomediastinoscopic biopsies of 2 patients were reported as caseating granulomatous inflammation. In patient who was examined for dyspnea, PET-CT revealed pathological FDG uptake in subcarinal lymph nodes and the left interlobar lymph nodes. Videomediastinoscopic lymph node biopsy of this patient was reported as non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Granulomatous diseases, such as TB and sarcoidosis, are the most common cause of false-positive FDG PET scans in our country. In cases with high FDG uptake, tissue biopsy can exclude malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pneumomediastinum refers to the presence of air in the mediastinum. It is commonly occurs secondary to a perforation of respiratory or gastrointestinal system organs. Primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare and benign condition that can result from a peripheral pulmonary alveolar rupture. We present here a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum that occurred following to a generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinal kitleler, konjenital, travmatik,enfeksiyon, dejeneratif veya neoplazm kaynaklı olabilirler. Arasıra substernal guatrlar; mediastene doğru büyüyebilir ve mediastende dev kitleler oluşturabilirler. Bu yazıda sunulan olgu 55 yaşında bir kadın hasta, kronik öksürük ve dispne nedeniyle polikliniğimize başvurmuştur. Toraks BT de arka mediastene uzanım gösteren kitle ve sol tiroid lobunda multiple nodüller saptanmış, hasta opere edilmiştir. Olgumuzdaki gibi tiroidektomi sonrası nüks nodüllerle beraber dev mediastinal kitle gelişimi nadir olarak görülmektedir.

Benign vasküler tümörler nadiren mediastene yerleşir. Mediastinal hemanjiom mediastenin en sık görülen vasküler tümörü olmasına rağmen tüm mediastinal tümörlerin %0.5'inden daha azını oluşturur. Mediastinal hemanjiomlar herhangi bir yaş grubunda görülebilir. Bununla birlikte olguların yarısı 20 yaşından daha küçüktür. Literatürde yenidoğanda mediastinal kavernöz hemanjiom çok nadir bildirilmiştir. Prenatal ultrasonografide mediastinal kitle saptanan miadında doğmuş 3500 gram ağırlığındaki bir kız çocuğu postoperatif kliniğimize yatırıldı. Üçüncü haftada sol posterolateral torakotomi ile mediastinal kitle rezeke edildi. Patoloji sonucu kavernöz hemanjiom olarak bildirilen olgu literatür ışığında sunuldu.

Which it is the most common cause of hypercalcemia is hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid adenomas are due to variations that occur during embryonic development could be ectopic. Manubriotomy, sternotomy or thoracotomy may be required in the operation of ectopic adenomas. Therefore, determining the location of ectopic adenoma before surgery and surgical success is important to select the most appropriate approach. In our case, we aim to be present a 45 years old patient with midline anterior mediastinal parathyroid adenoma and excision with mediastinoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a healthy young adult, an anterior neck mass can be derived from large variety of entity, more commonly being branchial cyst, thyroglossal duct cysts or thyroid gland in origin. Cervical extension of anterior mediastinal mass such as teratoma, thymoma or thymic cyst are uncommon but it needs to be taken into account. Differential diagnoses are narrowed down based on a comprehensive information of clinical presentations and sometimes with aids of specific imaging such as conventional chest radiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography. We report a 19-year-old man who was initially managed as an anterior neck abscess with retrosternal extension of the collection into anterior mediastinum, which was later found out to be an infected cervical cystic extension of an anterior mediastinal teratoma. Referral to cardiothoracic team was made and excision of the teratoma was made uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinal teratomas, a rare form of germ cell tumors in children, account for only 4.3% of all germ cell tumors. In most cases, patients with mediastinum tumors have no symptoms (53%), and their masses are frequently diagnosed incidentally on routine chest radiography. In the literature, the outcomes of surgical excision for the treatment of mediastinal teratomas and the results are inconclusive. We present a one-year old male child who experienced recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and was diagnosed with a benign mature teratoma adherent to the pericardium. The child underwent surgical excision. In conclusion, mediastinal teratomas located in the anterior mediastinum should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis in children whose chest x-rays reveal a mass or unspecific opacity in the mediastinum. These are usually benign with a good response to total resection. Thoracotomy is one of the appropriate surgical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a spindle cell neoplasm, originating from follicular dendritic cells. It frequently presents in lymph nodes. Occasionally, it occurs in extranodal regions like head and neck, mediastinum, gastrointestinal system. We present a 50 years old woman with mediastinal and metastatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with clinical and pathological findings. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is usually under-recognized because of the misleading histomorphology and the rarity of this tumor. Hence, this tumor has specific immunohistochemical markers, it is important to keep in mind this tumor in differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We have compared diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) properties of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer patients with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings. Patients and Methods: Twenty-one consecutive untreated patients with lung cancer were included. DW-MRI was performed on a 1,5T scanner with b values of 50, 500 and 1000. Additional MR imaging was performed for anatomical correlation. Results: A total of 47 lymph nodes were analyzed. While no correlation was found between minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (ADCmin) of lymph nodes and their maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on PET/CT, ADCmin ratios of lymph nodes to main lesion (ADCmin Node/Lesion) (r = - 0.407; p = 0.005) and lymph node to cerebrospinal fluid (ADCmin Node/CSF) (r = - 0.364; p = 0.012) were correlated with SUVmax. Cutoff values for DW-MRI parameters were determined using ROC analysis. Six lymph nodes were histopathologically examined. Both methods correctly identified one metastatic and two metastasis negative lymph nodes, while staging one lymph node with granulomatous change as metastasis positive. Two metastasis negative lymph nodes, reported as suspicious on PET/CT, were correctly staged on DW-MRI. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DW-MRI could be at least as valuable as PET/CT in mediastinal staging of patients with lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general radiological approach to differentiating mediastinal masses consists of performing a computed tomography following the chest x ray. These modalities are also valuable for therapy response and recurrence evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are both useful for assessing the radiological characteristic properties, focal invasion, distal metastasis and metabolic activity of the mediastinal masses and supply some qualified information to computed tomography images. This review mainly deals with the differential diagnosis according to anatomical location and radiological characteristics and represents some of the typical x ray-CT-MRI manifestations of mediastinal masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To share our experience in the patients with mediastinal lesions who were admitted to our clinics for endosonography- guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) and to emphasize the contribution of EUS-FNA to the diagnostic algorithm in these patients. Material and Method: The EUS-FNA findings of 10 patients who had EUS examination because of mediastinal lesions between May 2008 and November 2009 in our hospital gastroenterology clinic, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: At the end of EUS-FNA, 5 patients had been diagnosed with malignancy (two small cell lung cancer and three non-small cell lung cancer) and 4 had been diagnosed with benign disease (two pulmonary tuberculosis, one benign mediastinal cystic lesion and one reactive lymph node). The result was inconclusive in one patient. In our series EUS contributed to the diagnostic algorithm in 90% of the cases (9/10). EUS made a therapeutic contribution in one patient by the drainage of mediastinal cyst. Conclusion: EUS-FNA has an important role in the diagnosis of mediastinal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of unicentric Castleman's disease located in the mediastinum is presented. A 20 years old male suffering from cough had an image of right hilar enlargement on chest X-ray. Thorax CT revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes both in right paratracheal and hilar region. Radionuclide accumulation was detected by 67Ga scintigraphy. Surgical removal of lymph nodes at paratracheal region was performed by mediastinoscopic excision and reported as reactive hyperplasia. Lymph nodes located in right hilum was excised by thoracotomy and histopathologic examination confirmed Castleman's disease. Our thought about this case was a dominant infiltrative mass with an associated lymphadenopathy.67Ga scintigraphy imaging that we performed in our case can be a useful method in detection of Castleman's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 43-year-old female who had dyspnea and had been diagnosed as myasthenia gravis was found to have a mass lesion of the anterior mediastinum that protruded to the left and contained calcified areas on radiological investigation. The patient was operated on with a preliminary diagnosis of thymoma. Macroscopically the tumoral lesion was 5x4.5 cm in size and was light tan, firm and solid without necrosis or hemorrhage. Histological investigation showed epithelial islands without atypical features scattered within large areas of hyalinized collagenous tissue and the presence of immature T lymphocytes some of which were TdT positive, which led to a preliminary diagnosis of sclerosing thymoma. Sclerosing thymoma is a rare type of thymoma and has first been reported in 1994. Since there are only a few reports in the literature detailed information on clinical features and pathogenesis is needed. The possibility of sclerosing thymoma should always be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions with marked sclerosis that can lead diagnostic difficulties especially when evaluating small mediastinoscopic biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinal imasses are seen in every period of life in different localisations. They can be silent or symptomatic. Among mediastinal masses, esophageal cysts proceed with heterogeneous clinic and grow up simultaneously with respiratory system. Esophageal cysts are rare clinicopathological conditions that usually cause variable respiratory symptoms in children. The patients can admit with dysphagia, cough, fever, weight loss, retrosternal chest pain, hemoptysis and recurrent pneumonia. Diagnostic studies include standard chest X-rays, ultrasonography, computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical excision of the cyst is the treatment option. The optimal timing for the operation is dictated by severity of the symptoms. We present a 18 month-old female with an esophageal cyst who presented with asthma-like symptoms resistant to inhaled steroid and bronchodilators since 3 month of age and whom had tracheal repression on chest X-ray and who revealed completely after the surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a 69-year-old female patient with end-stage renal disease due to hypertension, parathormone level was found to be 2349 pg/ml. Corrected serum calcium and phosphorus levels were 9.9 mg/dl and 5.2 mg/dl, respectively. The findings of hand-wrist radiogram were consistent with hyperparathyroidism. In Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy, a focal increased activity consistent with an ectopic parathyroid adenoma was observed on upper mediastinum. Also in computerized thorax tomography nodular formation was observed on upper mediastinum, She was operated and the mass measuring 3x3 cm on upper mediastinum was totally excised. Histopathological evaluation confirmed parathyroid adenoma. Post-operative parathormone level decreased to 309 pg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parathyroid adenomas are the most important cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is established based on the combination of elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Parathyroid adenomas are rarely found in the mediastinum. The definitive treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroidectomy. The parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels were determined high in a fifty-seven-year-old female patient with a history of bone and abdominal pain, fatigue, and kidney stones. Anterior mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma was detected with Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) methoxy isobutyl isonitrile scintigraphy. Adenoma was removed surgically with partial median sternotomy. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels returned to normal on the 3rd postoperative day. The patient was discharged with healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy plays an essential role in the management of a variety of thyroid and parathyroid disorders. The authors report an unusual case of mediastinal tracer distribution of 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-MIBI in relation to an oesophageal conduit following oesophago-gastrectomy and reconstructive surgery on thyroid scintigraphy. This is a rare but important cause of diffuse mediastinal uptake on thyroid scintigraphy. An awareness of abnormal anatomy as well as altered physiological tracer uptake would help to avoid any diagnostic pitfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign vascular tumors are rarely seen in the mediastinum and mediastinal hemangioma is the most common one among them. However, its prevalence is less than 0.5% among all mediastinal tumors. Mediastinal hemangiomas are typically seen in the younger age group. Approximately 75% of cases occur before age 35. These tumors are usually well-circumscribed and they rarely display invasive behaviors. Symptoms develop due to the compression of the neighboring mediastinal structures. A mediastinal mass in a 70-year-old female patient, who had the complaints of dorsalgia and cough, was totally excised by performing a thoracotomy. Pathological examination revealed a cavernous hemangioma. Due to the rarity and late diagnosis of the entity we present this case with its chest computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic pneumomediastinum (TPM) is a rare entity. TPM may occur as a result of head, neck and thorax injury and rarely after oral injury. A 43-year-old man was brought to our ED approximately three hours after a motor vehicle accident (MVA) with complaints of angina pectoris and dyspnoea. His positive clinical findings were extensive bilateral subcutaneous emphysema and crepitation on his face, neck and trunk bilaterally. Electrocardiogram showed a first degree AV block. Supine chest x-ray, lateral neck x-ray and thorax CT showed subcutaneous and mediastinal air. After hospitalisation, bronchoscopy and endoscopy were performed with normal findings. On the second day, mediastinotomy was performed due to a pressure effect of the mediastinal emphysema. Complete resolution of the pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema occurred gradually in the following days. He was discharged without any complication on the 6th day. TPM is an important issue if pre-existing trachea or oesophagus injury is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type B1 thymoma (lipofibroadenoma) is extremely rare. The tumor is characterized by an organoid appearance rich in lymphocytes with medullary differentiation and perivascular spaces. A twenty-three-year- old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of chest pain and dyspnea for six months. Chest computed tomography showed solid and fatty components of masses 21×7 and 5×7 cm with clear borders in the right thoracic cavity. The patient underwent a posterolateral thoracotomy in which the mass, arising from the anterior mediastinum, was resected. Histopathological examination showed that the mass was Type B1 thymoma, and the patient was presented in light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germ celled tumors frequently localize in anterior mediastinum. In this study we presented two germ cell tumors with different localization and huge size. We discussed two cases with germ cell tumors operated in our clinic together with literature findings. Chest x-ray, computerized tomography (CT) and transthorasic tru-cut biopsy were used for diagnosis. The huge intratorasic teratomas are rarely seen and surgical full resection is the most important factor in survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Ektopik mediastinal tiroid dokusu nadir bir durum olup bilateral olması daha önce literatürde bildirilmemiştir. Bu olgu sunumunda bilateral mediastinal rezidü tirod dokusu ile prezente tiroid karsinomu vakasının F-18-florodeoksiglukoz (FDG) pozitron emisyon tomografi (PET)/bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntülerini sunmak istiyoruz. Olgu: Otuz üç yaşında geçirilmiş tiroid cerrahisi ve tiroid karsinomu öyküsü olan hastanın PET/BT görüntülerinde sol üst mediasten ve sağ parakardiyak alanda kitlesel lezyonlarda artmış FDG tutulumu izlenmiştir (SUVmax=3) (Figür 1). Hastanın tiroid sintigrafisinde bu lezyonların tutulum gösterdiği ve cerrahi sonucu tiroid dokusu olarak geldiği görülmüştür. Ektopik tiroid dokusu tiroglossal kanal boyunca herhangi bir yerde olabilir. Normal şartlar altında mediastende rezidü tiroid dokusu sintigrafi ile gösterilmeyebililr. Ancak daha önce literatürde hipertiroidiye neden olan mediastinal tiroid dokusu da bildirilmiştir. Daha önce 54 hastalık bir seride sensitivitesi %93 olarak bildirilmiştir. Aydın ve ark. sensitivitesini arttırabilmek için perklorat verilmesi yöntemini kullanmıştır. Tek foton emisyon bilgisayarlı tomografi/BT yöntemi ile de sensitivitenin arttırılabileceği daha önce bildirilmiştir. Bu olgu sunumunda bildiğimiz kadarıyla literatürde ilk kez F-18-FDG PET/BT görüntüleriyle prezente bilateral nüks tiroid dokusunu sunmak istiyoruz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Birçok benign veya malign tümör mediastinal kitle ile ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu kitlelerin tanısında ve tedavi sonrası takiplerinde F-18 FDG PET/BT önemli bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada amaç, mediastinal kitlelerin metabolik karakterizasyonda F-18 FDG PET/BT bulgularının yerinin saptanmasıdır. Yöntem: Diğer görüntüleme yöntemleriyle mediastinal kitle saptanan ve metabolik karakterizasyon amacıyla PET/BT yapılan hastalar retrosepektif olarak değerlendirildi. Histopatolojik tanısı olan 13 hasta (3 kadın, 10 erkek) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar 32-72 yaş aralığında idi. Bulgular: Hastaların histopatolojik tanıları, mediastende kitle lokasyonu ve PET/BT bulguları Tablo 1'de gösterilmiştir. Sonuç: Mediastinal kitlelerde düşük FDG tutulumunda F-18 FDG PET/ BT gereksiz invaziv prosedürleri azaltabilir. Ancak pozitif PET/BT bulguları varlığında histopatolojik örnekleme ayırıcı tanıda gerekli olacaktır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our case is a male patient aged 52 years. The presence of a giant lipoma, arising from mediastinal fatty tissue, weighing 3.9 kg with a maximum diameter of 32 cm, with smooth edges and a capsule, and filling the left hemithorax, and thus causing atelectasia of the left lung, is discussed together with the literature. No case of such a large intrathoracic lipoma has been reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]