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Chronic use of nicotine is known to dysregulate metabolic signaling through altering circulating levels of feeding-related hormones, contributing to the onset of disorders like type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the acute effects of nicotine on hormonal signaling. We previously identified an acute increase in food intake following acute nicotine, and we sought to determine whether this behavior was due to a change in hormone levels. We first identified that acute nicotine injection produces an increase in feeding behavior in dependent rats, but not nondependent rats. We confirmed that chronic nicotine use increases circulating levels of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin, and these correlate with rats' body weight and food intake. Acute nicotine injection in dependent animals decreased circulating GLP-1 and glucagon levels, and administration of glucagon prior to acute nicotine injection prevented the acute increase in feeding behavior. Thus, acute nicotine injection increases feeding behavior in dependent rats by decreasing glucagon signaling.

The increasing pressures imposed on ecosystems by the growing needs of the human population are stimulus for research into innovative and unconventional sources of raw materials for different industries. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the available literature on the possible industrial uses of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupae, a residue of silk production. The review was conducted using an adapted version of PRISMA. After a screening process, 105 articles were obtained and subjected to a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was found that in the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of papers devoted to the study of the potential use of silkworm pupae in different applications, with a significantly higher number in the last three years of the scope of this review, indicating a growing interest in the subject. From the analysis of the information collected, promising uses in human and animal food, such as fish, mammalian, poultry, swine and companion animals, as well as potential uses for the pharmaceutical industry, were identified. The evaluated research identified compounds with antioxidant activity and important contents of unsaturated fatty acids, which are related to beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, diabetes control, reduction of the risk of developing certain types of cancer and inflammatory activity, among other benefits. One of the most relevant findings is that many studies report a significant concentration of α-linolenic acid in silkworm pupae oil, which is attributed with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity and neuroprotective properties, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Effective blood glucose regulation is critical for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This narrative review explores various control strategies for blood glucose regulation, incorporating simulations of the Bergman minimal model. We provide an in-depth review of both single and dual hormone systems, evaluating their respective advantages and limitations. The review focuses on the most widely adopted controllers, including proportional-integral-derivative (PID), model predictive control (MPC), and fuzzy logic controllers, highlighting their design principles and performances. Additionally, we discuss coordinated control strategies that integrate multiple controllers to enhance overall glucose regulation. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to identify the most effective control strategies for artificial pancreas systems, contributing to improved diabetes management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the basic features of the work named "Translation and Short Commentary of the Qur'an: Dictionary of Basic Qur'anic Concepts", which emerged within the activities of understanding and giving meaning to the Qur'an, which is expressed as "interpretation" rather than “translation” in our country, Its evaluation in terms of translation techniques and its contributions to the field are discussed In this work, the parentheses in other meanings are not included at all, and several verses are never interpreted together, each verse is interpreted separately. Some of the concepts mentioned in the meaning are explained in the section in which they are mentioned, and in addition, a dictionary of Quran concepts, a commentary on the names of Allah in which the names of Allah in the Quran are explained, and a short history of the Prophets are added to the last part of the work, contributing to the originality of the work. Thus, the interpretation has emerged as a kind of concise tefsir. In his work, Beşer gave importance to the explanation of the Quran with the Quran and the hadith, touched upon the reason for revelation, made references to the texts of the Holy Books before the Quran, and included the sciences of the Quran. He mentioned the views of different sects on fiqh issues without making a choice but did not refrain from choosing a sect in terms of belief. He took care to use words, concepts and proverbs in current language, and touched upon the problems of the age such as GMO foods and some controversial issues seen in today's sects and communities. In this respect, the translator's views and thoughts were also evaluated in the work called Short Tafsir. This study conducted on the work in question; It aims to shed light on new translation studies to be carried out as well as evaluating the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the elements that enrich the meaning of the verses of the Quran is the differences in recitation. Recitation differences are not all of the same type. Some of these simply consist of different pronunciations that affect the phonetic structure of the words. Some of them cause meaning changes beyond phonetic differences. In the literature, the first of these is characterized by the concept of usûl and the second by the concept of farshy. Translations are compiled in order to bring the meaning of the Qur'anic verses to large audiences. Translation writers especially appeal to the masses who cannot understand the Quran because they do not know Arabic, and aim to help these people understand the Quran. Translation studies have been gaining increasing momentum in the last century. It is a very important issue to pay attention to the diversity of meanings arising from the differences in recitation in the transcribed meanings. In this study, it was tried to examine how much attention was paid to the difference in recitation in certain meanings made in the last century. For the analysis, the translations of Ismail Hakki from Izmir, Hasan Basri Cantay, Omer Nasuhi Bilmen, Elmalili Hamdi Yazir, which can be considered as the early period, were preferred, and among the recent period translations, the translations of Suleyman Ates, the Presidency of Religious Affairs and Mustafa Okuyan were preferred. The aim of the study is to reveal to what extent the diversity of meanings resulting from recitation differences is reflected in the meanings. Comparative analysis method was used in the study. In the study, other translations were also examined when necessary and possible. At the end of the examination, it was generally seen that most of the translations did not include the diversity of meanings resulting from differences in recitation. For example, the fourth verse of the Surah al-Fatiha is generally given as "the owner of the day of judgement" in the translations, and the difference in recitation in the verse meaning كِ لِمَ (ruler, king) is not taken into consideration. The exception to this is Hasan Basri Cantay. By translating the said part into Turkish as "the owner and ruler of the day of religion", he reflected the meaning resulting from the difference in the relevant recitation. The one hundred and sixth verse of Surah al-Baqarah is mostly translated as "Whatever We abrogate or cause to be forgotten from a verse" and similar expressions. The diversity of meanings arising from the different recitation of the verse as هاَ َ سأَ نْنَ” ertele-di” is reflected in some meanings. In the translation prepared by the Presidency of Religious Affairs, one of them, the section in question is translated as "If we annul the provision of any verse or cause it to be forgotten (or postpone it)". Ismail Hakki from Izmir also reflected the difference in meaning with a similar expression. There is a different qiraat in the form of مِ ْ سلَّ ال in the two hundred and eighth verse of the Surah al-Baqara. This difference is reflected in the translations in three ways. The first approach preferred to reflect the meaning of submission resulting from the recitation of م ْ سلِِّ ال, the second approach preferred to reflect the meaning of peace arising from the recitation of مِ ْ سلَّ ال, and the third approach preferred to reflect both meanings in its meaning. For example, Süleyman Ateş translated the relevant section as "O believers, enter Islam (or peace) all together." At the end of the study, it was determined that Ismail Hakki from Izmir and Hasan Basri Cantay included relatively more differences in recitation. It has been observed that Mehmet Okuyan focuses on different interpretations of the relevant verse rather than the variety of meanings resulting from the difference in recitation. It has been observed that Suleyman Ates sometimes touches on the difference in recitation, sometimes in the section where the verse is explained. Similarly, it has been observed that Elmalili Hamdi Yazir sometimes includes the difference in meaning, which he does not include in the meaning, in the section where he interprets the verse. It has been observed that the difference in recitation is mostly not included in the translation prepared by the Presidency of Religious Affairs. The determined results have shown that not including the richness of meaning resulting from the difference in recitation is a deficiency in terms of translations, and this issue should be taken into consideration in the translations. In this context, it was thought that it would be very useful to compile a different explanatory translation that focuses especially on the differences in recitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method has been developed for producing analogs of fermented milk drinks from pumpkin seed meal, which is a massive waste product from oilseed production, using new strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different samples of kumiss. Based on the results of screening 50 LAB isolates capable of fermenting milk and aqueous meal extracts in a wide pH range, three strains with the best growth characteristics were selected. These strains were identified as representatives of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, most closely related to L. rhamnosus and L. casei (with 99.93 and 99.65% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequences). An optimal scheme for producing drinks has been selected, including grinding meal, optimized extraction with alkaline solutions, heat treatment of the extract to remove foreign microflora, introduction of the inoculum (3–5% vol/vol) of new LAB strains, and fermentation at 37oС for ten hours. Compared with the fermented milk product obtained by fermenting milk with the same microorganisms, the drink made from meal extracts was distinguished by the absence of lactose and cholesterol, and increased content of unsaturated fatty acids (2.3 times) and protein (1.7 times), and the presence of essential amino acids in proteins. Thus, pumpkin seed meal, which is still used ineffectively, is a good basis for obtaining analogs of fermented milk products with beneficial properties. The developed method for producing lacto-fermented drinks can be adapted for processing other types of meals and cakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the features of Arabic grammar that must be taken into account in Qur'anic interpretation is related to the purpose for which third person singular pronouns are used. The general opinion is that these pronouns should in all cases be preceded by a noun that is compatible with it in number and gender. However, it is overlooked here that third person singular pronouns are also used as "demonstrative pronouns" in the Qur'an. A similar problem exists in the interpretation of the two "هو" pronouns used in the expression "ِ وَإنِْ مِن أهَْل ٱلْكِتَابِ إ ليَؤُمْنَِن بِه قبَْلَ موَتْهِ "mentioned in the verse (Nisā 4/159). In this study, using qualitative research method, examples of the interpretation of the verse (Nisā 4/159) in tafsir and Turkish Qur'an translations were analysed. The general tendency in the commentaries and translations is that the first pronoun here should be interpreted as the personal pronoun of ʿĪsā and the second pronoun should be interpreted as the personal pronoun of each member of the People of the Book or ʿĪsā. In this context, the relevant part of the verse is usually interpreted as follows: "There is no one from among the People of the Book who will not believe in him (ʿĪsā) before his death." (Nisā 4/159) In the analysis, it was concluded that the interpretation of the first, third-person singular pronoun in the verse Nisā 4/159 as a demonstrative pronoun referring to the belief that 'ʿĪsā was killed by crucifixion' and the second pronoun as a personal pronoun referring to each of the Jews is the most compatible with the context of the verse. Accordingly, the verse does not foretell that the members of the People of the People of the Book will believe in the Prophet ʿĪsā immediately before their deaths, but that they will persistently maintain the belief that the Prophet ʿĪsā was crucified and killed until their deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective management of blood glucose levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes, especially after meals, is crucial for diabetes care. Artificial pancreas systems (APS) perform automated insulin delivery in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this study, an optimized fuzzy logic controller was designed to achieve a euglycemic range after a substantial meal intake. All in silico simulations were performed using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, leveraging control variability grid analysis (CVGA), and the performance of the controller was evaluated. The proposed controller is based on a fuzzy-logic control law designed in three stages. First, a nonlinear framework of the glucose-insulin regulatory system was identified based on the heavy meal protocol of three patients given as follows: for subject ID 117-1, a total of 295 gCHO; for subject ID 126-1, 236 gCHO; and subject ID 128-1, 394 gCHO over a day. Then, an iterative tree structure was employed to establish a stabilizing control rule for insulin delivery, integrating inputs from two Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) objects. Finally, a genetic algorithm refines the control system by fine-tuning the uncertainty of the fuzzy membership functions. Two scenarios were considered for three patients to assess the performance of the proposed controller. The results indicated its effectiveness under various conditions, achieving a time in the range of 61.25%, 71% and 61.10% respectively for the three subjects. The obtained results are analyzed and compared with IMC and multi-objective output feedback controllers. The findings of the study reveal that the proposed controller shows promising advancements in tailored strategies for type 1 diabetes patients, outperforming the other controllers in terms of blood glucose regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral calorie intake causes an acute and transient decline in serum testosterone concentrations. It is not known whether this decline occurs in men on testosterone therapy. In this study, we evaluated the change in testosterone concentrations following oral glucose ingestion in hypogonadal men before and after treatment with testosterone therapy. This is a secondary analysis of samples previously collected from a study of hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes who received testosterone therapy. Study participants (n = 14) ingested 75 grams of oral glucose, and blood samples were collected over 2 h. The test was repeated after 23 weeks of intramuscular testosterone therapy. The mean age and body mass index of study volunteers were 53 ± 8 years and 38 ± 7 kg/m2, respectively. Following glucose intake, testosterone concentrations fell significantly prior to testosterone therapy (week 0, p = 0.04). The nadir of testosterone concentration was at 1 h, followed by recovery to baseline by 2 h. In contrast, there was no change in testosterone concentrations at week 23. The change in serum testosterone concentrations at 60 min was significantly more at week 0 than week 23 (−11 ± 10% vs 0 ± 16%, p = 0.05). We conclude that oral glucose intake has no impact on testosterone concentrations in men on testosterone therapy. Endocrinology societies should consider clarifying in their recommendations that fasting testosterone concentrations are required for the diagnosis of hypogonadism, but not for monitoring testosterone therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing pressures imposed on ecosystems by the growing needs of the human population are stimulus for research into innovative and unconventional sources of raw materials for different industries. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the available literature on the possible industrial uses of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupae, a residue of silk production. The review was conducted using an adapted version of PRISMA. After a screening process, 105 articles were obtained and subjected to a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was found that in the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of papers devoted to the study of the potential use of silkworm pupae in different applications, with a significantly higher number in the last three years of the scope of this review, indicating a growing interest in the subject. From the analysis of the information collected, promising uses in human and animal food, such as fish, mammalian, poultry, swine and companion animals, as well as potential uses for the pharmaceutical industry, were identified. The evaluated research identified compounds with antioxidant activity and important contents of unsaturated fatty acids, which are related to beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, diabetes control, reduction of the risk of developing certain types of cancer and inflammatory activity, among other benefits. One of the most relevant findings is that many studies report a significant concentration of α-linolenic acid in silkworm pupae oil, which is attributed with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity and neuroprotective properties, among others.

Allah Teâlâ’nın insanları esenliğe ulaştıracak mesajlarını doğru anlayabilmek için, Kur’an’ın ilk muhataplarının sahip oldukları zihniyeti dikkate almak zorunludur. Çünkü ilahî mesaj evvelemirde muhatap kitlenin lisanı üzere ve onların kültür ve zihin kodlarını dikkate alarak nazil olmuştur. Bu yüzden Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Allah’ın muradına uygun olarak anlaşılabilmesi için, dil tahlilleri ve sözlük bilgisiyle birlikte Mekke toplum kültürünün de göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir. Bilindiği gibi Câhiliye Arapları Allah mefhumundan habersiz kimseler değillerdi. Nitekim ilahî kelamın ilk nazil olan surelerinden itibaren onun Allah’ı bilen ve O’na inanan bir topluma hitap ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak Mekke müşrikleri Allah’ı en yüce tanrı olarak benimsemekle birlikte O’nun yanı sıra bir takım tanrılar da edinmişlerdi ve onlara da Allah’a ibadet ettikleri gibi tazimde bulunuyorlardı. Bu minvalde Mekke toplumunun günlük yaşamı adeta putların etrafında dönüyordu ve şirk zihniyeti toplumun bünyesini tamamen sarmıştı. Müşrikler, ilah edindikleri putlarına tazimde bulunmalarının yanı sıra bu putların onları kötülük ve felaketlerden koruduğuna, ihtiyaç duydukları şeylerin onlar sayesinde elde edildiğine inanıyorlardı. Anlaşıldığına göre Kur’an’ın ilk muhatapları olan Mekke müşriklerinin tanrı tasavvuru, en üst kademede Allah adında yüce bir tanrının bulunduğu bir “tanrılar sistemi”ne benzemektedir. Vahyin nazil olmaya başladığı vasattaki bu özel duruma mukabil Kur’an, şirk müptelası olan Mekkelileri tevhit zihniyetine ulaştırmayı hedeflemiş ve şirkle amansız bir mücadele başlatmıştır. Bu münasebetle özellikle Mekke döneminde nazil olan âyetleri bu konteksti göz önünde bulundurarak anlamaya çalışmak gerekir. Aksi halde Furkân sûresi 77. âyette olduğu gibi tevhit çağrısı dikkatlerden kaçacak ve Kur’an’ın vermek istediği mesaj hedefine ulaşmayacaktır. Nitekim toplumumuzda hutbe, vaaz ve dinî sohbetlerde dua söz konusu olduğunda, araştırılarak ulaşılmış bir sonuç olmaktan ziyade, ezbere dayalı olarak hemen bu âyet-i kerime akla gelmektedir. Hâlbuki âyet, kanaatimizce farklı bir mesaj vermekte ve bir bütün olarak ilgili muhatabına çağrısını iletmektedir. Ayrıca dil ve gramer bakımından da âyetin yapısı bu âyette yer alan iki cümleyi farklı kişileri muhatap alan iki ayrı cümle şeklinde okumaya müsait değildir. İlgili âyet, metin içi ve metin dışı bağlamları dikkate alınarak ve kendi içinde bir bütünlük oluşturacak şekilde değerlendirildiğinde, âyetin öncelikle ve özellikle Mekke müşriklerini ikaz edici mahiyette olduğunu söylemek isabetli olacaktır. Böylece, Allah ile birlikte putları da ilah edinen ve onlara da tazimde bulunan kimselerin O’nun katında hiçbir kıymetlerinin olmayacağı bildirilmiş olmaktadır. Furkân 25/77 âyetinin içerdiği bu açık mesajın, gerek ilk Kur’an sözlüklerinde gerekse klasik tefsirlerde karşılık bulduğu ve bu eserlerde âyetteki Allah’ın vahdaniyetine yönelik vurgunun ifade edildiği görülmektedir. Ancak ülkemizde tedavülde bulunan belli başlı Türkçe Kur’an meallerine bakıldığında, âyetin bağlamının dikkate alınmamasına bağlı olarak âyetteki tevhit vurgusunun ihmal edildiği anlaşılmaktadır.

AbstractThis study modelled the properties of composite flour of maize and Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium (PTS) and the sensory properties of their meal. The simplex-centroid design was used for the experimental design. The properties of composite flour and their meal were determined. The indices indicating the validity of generated models were coefficient of determination (R2) values above 80%, except for swelling index and colour, with the average absolute deviation values close to 0 and bias factor and accuracy factor values approaching 1. The models adequately described the properties studied. The PTS flour improved crude protein and fibre contents, while maize and PTS flours had the synergistic effect of improving the antioxidant properties, of the composite flour. With an increase in maize flour, there was an improvement in taste, texture and overall acceptability of the meal. However, an increase in PTS flour resulted in an increase in colour preference and a decrease in taste, aroma and overall acceptability of the meal. PTS flour could be used to improve maize-based meal for food security, but a functionality-enhancing agent may need to be incorporated into the flour for better properties of the meal.

Today, the Turkish translations of the Qur'ān had reached a great accumulation. The international symposium titled "Translations of Qur'an: Problems and Solution Suggestions" hosted by Muş Alparslan University (October 13-15, 2023) revealed this once again. During the sessions of the threeday symposium, method, content, goals and problems of the Translations of the Qur'ān / maāls were brought to the agenda. In addition to many criticisms, there were also academician who made offers on what needs to be done for a correct translation. In this review, the scientific meeting in question has been widely introduced and the contents of the papers in briefly reflected, the discussions have been mentioned upon and some evaluations have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Qur'ān, the word al-wajh (الوجه) refers -as mudāf- to both the word Allah and the essence of human in the sense of face, essence, direction and qibla. It is seen that there is no consensus on the meaning of this word in tafsīr sources and translations of the Qur'ān, and some of them are content to give only its literal meaning. Some Salafī scholars, who claim that there are no metaphors in the Qur'ān, accept the attribution of human organs such as hands, face and feet to Allah as they are, without interpreting them, and do not comment on their nature. Some groups described as Hashwiyya also make comments that amount to tashbīh and tajsīm in the context of this word. Ahl al-Sunnah scholars, on the other hand, give to the word al-wajh (face) the meaning of Allah's essence, His consent and qibla, depending on its context. If the word al-wajh is translated only with the word "face" without explanation, it is possible that it may lead to misunderstandings, tashbīh and anthropomorphic images of deities. In tafsīr sources and translations of the Qur'ān, it is important to give meaning to the verse in line with the meaning implied by the wording, the context of the verse and the relevant narrations in order to understand the divine intention correctly. In this study, the most appropriate meaning has been tried to be determined by examining the meanings given to the word al-wajh in tafsīr works and Turkish translations of the Qur'ān and by drawing attention to the meaning problem that occurs in the context of this word and the possible misunderstandings that this problem will cause. When the word alwajh is interpreted by taking into account its literal, metaphorical and connotative meanings and when it is referred to people, it means face, countenance, personality, essence, direction and qibla, and when it is metaphorically referred to Allah, it is understood that it expresses the meaning of His essence, existence, consent, contentment, His direction and qibla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is mandatory to consider the mindset of the first interlocutors of the Qur’an to understand the messages of Allah which will deliver people to peace in the end. That is because the divine message has been delivered in the language of its interlocutors and accordance with their culture and mindsets. Thus, to comprehend the message of the Qur’an as intended by Allah one would need to consider Meccan culture along with lingual analysis and dictionary knowledge. As it is known, pre-Islamic era Arabs were familiar with the concept “Allah”. This is apparent in the divine message as early as its first messages that it was speaking to a society that knew Allah and believed in Him. But, these polytheists, while embracing Allah as the highest deity, also took on other gods and worshipped them just as they worshipped Allah. Moreover, the daily life of Meccan people used to revolve around those idols and this polytheistic way of thinking was effective in their every deed. Polytheists of Mecca believed in these idols and acted as their servants because they believed that these idols could protect them from evil and disasters and provide them with everything they needed. We can gather from what we know about the era that the first interlocutors of the Qur’an had some sort of a “gods pantheon” that placed Allah at the top. Against this established status quo during the start of the revelation period, the Qur’an started a relentless struggle against polytheism to direct the Meccan people towards Tawhid. That’s why we need to try and understand the verses revealed in Mecca with this context in the back of our minds. Otherwise, we’d fail to deliver the theme of Tawhid in Turkish, the message that the Qur’an is intended to deliver to its interlocutor. An example case for this is the 77th verse of chapter Furqan. Indeed, in our society, when prayers are mentioned in sermons, lectures, and religious discussions this verse comes to mind immediately, relying on memorization purely, instead of being a result of a justified research. However, to my understanding, this verse carries a different message, and it delivers its call to its interlocutor as a whole. Furthermore, linguistically, and grammatically, the form of this verse is not suitable for interpreting the two sentences that make up the verse as two distinguished sentences that target two different sets of people. The verse in hand, when evaluated with an inner coherent by considering intra-textual and extratextual contexts, would be on point to claim that this verse, first and foremost, speaks to Meccan polytheists in a warning manner. Thereby, the Qur’an states those who take others as deities along with Allah and worship them too, bear no value in the eyes of Allah. This crystal-clear message of tawhid that Furqan 77 bears has been apparent in the first Qur’an dictionaries as well as classical tafsirs. However, when we look at many of the well-known Qur’an translations, we see that the message of tawhid has been overlooked due to the lack of interest in the verse’s context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasons for the writing of Qurʾānic translations are different. For this reason, the Qurʾānic translations have some methodological differences within themselves. These methodological differences cover a wide range from the structural features of the Qurʾānic translations to their content. In this sense, some of the Qurʾānic translations focus on the literal word, some focus on the meaning and interpretation, some prioritize the style, and some prefer to include more explanatory notes for a better understanding of the verses. In addition to these, another striking feature in terms of content in recent the Qurʾānic translations is the quotations from the Bible, both for comparison and to support some of the information in the verses. In this respect, the French translation of Muhammad Hamidullah's (d. 2002) "Le Saint Coran", which was translated into Turkish as “Aziz Kur’an”, has a very rich content. Unlike the other translations, this Qurʾān translation makes frequent references to the Bible and the sources of the Ahl al-Kitāb. Although there are some references to Zoroastrianism and the texts of Far Eastern religions in the translation, the most striking aspect of the translation is the intensity of the references to the Bible and the sources of the Ahl al-Kitāb. From this point of view, in our study, how should we understand the tendency to refer to the Bible, which is not common in the Qurʾānic translation literature, and is there a legitimate basis for this method? In the light of some questions such as "Does this method have a relationship with the phenomenon of referring to Israelite traditions (isrāʾiliyyāt)?", the possibility of referring to the Bible in Qurʾānic translations will be emphasised. In order to concretize the issues we have discussed in our study, the verses that are subject to attribution in the entire "Le Saint Coran" will be subjected to a thematic classification in terms of their subjects. In this way, it will be tried to show whether the message of the Qur'ān is better understood by reflecting these biblical references in the Qurʾānic translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundBreakfast meals provide essential nutrients and energy to children and adolescents. Based on recommendations from the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI), the Breakfast Quality Score (BQS) was developed to assess breakfast nutritional value among the French adult population. However, its application to children remains unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the BQS in assessing the nutritional quality of breakfasts consumed by French children aged 4–17 years.MethodsA total of 4,015 breakfasts, obtained from dietary recalls provided by 1,448 children participating in the French representative dietary survey (INCA3), were analyzed. As for adults, the performance of the BQS was tested through correlations with other nutritional indicators and comparison of nutrients and dietary components between tertiles of scores. The study examined the regularity of breakfast consumption and compared the BQS of children’s breakfasts across socio-demographic modalities and breakfast categories distinguished by their primary grain component. Additionally, a predictive modeling using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression identified influential INCA3 food groups.ResultsThe majority of children consumed solid breakfasts regularly. Socio-professional category, household income and food insecurity influenced BQS, revealing contradictory disparities. Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) breakfasts had the highest BQS (73.5% for children and 73.1% for adolescent), while biscuits and viennoiseries scored the lowest (52% for children and 49.1% for adolescent). PLS highlighted RTECs, milk, and hot beverages (mainly containing chocolate milk) as being positively associated with BQS, while sweet beverages and viennoiseries were negatively associated.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the effectiveness of the BQS in assessing children’s breakfast quality, with RTEC breakfasts showing the highest nutritional value. The findings provide insights into factors influencing breakfast nutritional quality and underscore the importance of promoting healthier breakfast choices among all children.

Chia (Salvia hispanica) is native to Mexico and Guatemala, but today it is also cultivated in the Americas, Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Columbia, Europe and Peru. Chia seeds are rich in oil (25% to 39%) and protein (16% to 26%). Chia seeds are also a good source of ω-3 acids, ω-6 acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolic compounds. In the last few years, chia seeds and their derived ingredients have been studied as functional foods. In this paper, the processes applied for chia oil extraction, its composition and attributes, as well as the valorization of its by-product (partially defatted chia cake or defatted meal) are reviewed. Valorization of the chia cake or meal includes production of protein ingredients (concentrate and isolate), extraction of phenolic compounds, supplementation of breads, cookies, muffins, pasta and meat products, and use as a fat replacer and stabilizer in the production of low-fat salad dressing and ice cream. Chia gum or mucilage has also been extracted from chia cake and used as ingredients in the formulation of low fat vegan mayonnaise and edible biodegradable films. Some research avenues for future studies are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated in vitro gas fermentation kinetics of compounded diets containing different quantities of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTFM). Three replicates of each dietary sample (200 mg) were incubated in buffered rumen liquor for 48 hours and the parameters such as in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and methane gas (CH4) were determined using in vitro gas production technique. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the gathered data. The IVDMD exhibited substantial variation (p<0.05) among treatments. The diet with 1.0 % Tetrapleura tetraptera had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which may be useful for effective feed conversion efficiency. The acetate and propionate with total volatile fatty acids raised the inclusion levels of TTFM in the rams' diet by 1.5 to 2.0 %. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal can be added to ruminant diets at a rate of up to 2.0 % to increase daily weight gain, nitrogen utilization, and nutrient digestibility, resulting in better storage of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakfast is one of the main meals of the day, which is essential for health. It is often defined as "the most important meal of the day" because it is the first meal after the break and fasting at night. Breakfast is the meal that should be balanced to provide the necessary energy for the day and to maintain better health. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between breakfast intake, its type and time of consumption, and body mass (BMI) values, which are directly related to health. To carry out the study, a survey was conducted on the eating habits of 533 people (322 women and 211 men) aged 18 to 65 from the Stara Zagora region, Bulgaria. Anthropometric studies were performed - height and weight measurements, respectively, with a portable stadiometer and a calibrated electronic scale. The respondents' BMI was calculated. The results were processed with SPSS Statistics and the relationship between breakfast consumption and body mass index (BMI) was investigated. The results show that a normal BMI corresponds to a regular breakfast in the morning in 52.5% of cases. The time of breakfast around 8 a.m. is confirmed as the most suitable. According to the data, 41.3% of people of normal weight have breakfast at this time. The healthiest breakfast foods are fruits and vegetables. The unhealthiest breakfast is pasta. Breakfast retains its role as the main meal; more studies are needed to establish its relationship with the value of BMI and, accordingly, discover the risk factors for its increase and the unlocking of various diseases. Knowing these data would improve the prevention of several socially significant diseases and therefore the population's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the challenges of recruiting and retaining participants in longitudinal studies, with a focus on historically underrepresented populations and vulnerable groups. It specifically examines the logistical barriers that can hinder participant engagement, such as transportation, childcare, lodging, and meals. The study emphasizes the need for guidance and support to ensure equitable participation and highlights the importance of ongoing engagement with participants and stakeholders. The article also discusses strategies for addressing these barriers and provides recommendations for funding agencies, research institutions, and research teams to support diverse representation in research. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of providing appropriate meals and snacks to meet the dietary needs of participants. [Extracted from the article]

We aimed to investigate the association of main meals' specific protein intake with cardiometabolic risk factors, including general and abdominal obesity, serum lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 subjects aged 20–59 years. Dietary intakes were assessed by completing three 24-h recalls, and the protein intake of each meal was extracted. Anthropometric measures, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and BP were measured. Multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, physical activity, sex, marital status, smoking status, BMI and energy intake was applied to obtain OR and CI. The mean age was 42 years, and the mean BMI of the participants was 27·2. The mean protein intake for breakfast, lunch and dinner was 12·5, 22·2 and 18·7 g/d, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, higher protein intake was not associated with any of the cardiometabolic risk factors, including LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), TAG, body weight, BP and fasting plasma glucose, in any of the three main meals consumed within a day. Adherence to a higher protein intake at each meal was not associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adults. Further prospective studies are needed to justify our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pet-food industry is a significant and rapidly growing market, with global sales estimated at over US$100 billion in 2020. The market size for pet food was estimated at 22.9 million tonnes in 2020. The number of cats and dogs being fed commercial pet food is also on the rise, with an estimated 62% of cats and 68% of dogs being fed commercial pet food in the United States alone with an estimated value of A$2.3 billion in 2020. This represents a growth of 3.3% from the previous year, and the market is expected to continue growing with a forecast compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2021 to 2025. The demand for high-quality, specialised pet-food products has led to consistent year-on-year growth in the industry. With this, the increasing demand for commercial pet food on a global scale comes with growing sustainability challenges that must be addressed. In this paper, we will examine some of the opportunities for the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal and oil in pet-food formulations to reduce the environmental impact of pet food and pet ownership and deliver nutritional and functional benefits to our pets. The growing populations of urbanised pets have had a significant impact on the environment. In this paper, we will examine the opportunities for the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal and oil in petfood formulations to reduce the environmental impact of pet food and pet ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The curiosity about the Quran-science relationship has driven researchers to study it. This connection is termed "scientific exegesis" in relating the Quran to natural sciences. Contemporary Quranic interpretation also uses terms like "scientific commentary," "scientific approach," and "scientific school." Islam's emphasis on knowledge and reason has led to the development of a scientific approach in Quranic interpretation. According to this approach, scientific data and arguments significantly aid in understanding Quranic verses, especially those about the natural world. The scientific approach debates the possibility of conveying Quranic interpretation to modern individuals using their intellectual capacities and arguments. Consequently, proponents use scientific data in interpreting Quranic verses. The scientific approach, a contemporary school of thought, has both supporters and critics. Numerous studies focus on Quranic commentaries following this approach. However, the impact of this approach on Quranic translations remains unexplored. This research addresses this gap, examining Salih Parlak's translation. The study discusses how the scientific approach aligns with Quranic language and themes and how scientific concepts are incorporated into Quranic translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores sustainable development from a gastronomic perspective. Humanistic perspectives on food offered by gastronomy are explored as an asset in cultivating self-awareness capacities needed for sustainable transformations of society. The purpose is to explore how gastronomes can cultivate understandings and explanations of sustainability to be conveyed to individuals via meals. In semi-annually recurring dialogic interviews, four university-educated gastronomes cultivated their understandings and explanations of sustainability, and modeled how these could be communicated to other individuals. The dialogues gradually brought the ideas of the researcher and the participants toward a common explanation of the potential ways gastronomic competency could advance sustainable development. The results highlight two ways of understanding gastronomic sustainability: functionally as practical communication, and formally as a cultural issue. Based on H.G. Gadamer's idea of bildung as hermeneutic interpretation, we argue that self-awareness is a process which is rooted in how knowledge is interpreted, understood, and explained by the individual. Practical participation in culturally influenced meals makes gastronomy a bridge between individual and societal issues, whereby gastronomic competencies can cultivate sustainable commitment, judgment, and community. In this way, gastronomic sustainability represents an approach to sustainable development that, significantly, also involves the cultivation of sustainable meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is about the transfer of the concept of Hanif, which is the opposite of polytheism, rejects blasphemy, and represents belief in only Allah, into the meanings. The word Hanif is used in the Holy Quran in its singular and plural forms in twelve verses in total. While 10 of them are used as "Hanif", 2 of them are used in the form of "Hunefa". Although this word is the name of monotheism, sincerity and submission, it was used by Islamic scholars in the Arabian Peninsula until the pre-Islamic period. It is also accepted as the religion of Abraham. Hz. in seven places in the Holy Quran. The concept integrated with Abraham is conveyed as his religion, nation and attribute. The concept of Hanif is mentioned not only in the Holy Quran but also in the hadiths, which are the second source of religion. The article includes information about Hanifism, but generally focuses on the reflection of the concept on the meanings of the Qur'an. The fact that the concept of hanif is rich in meaning and has different interpretations of each verse by commentators and translation writers, in addition to its similar meanings, makes the study unique. In the Quran, there are words such as "staying away from polytheism", "monotheism", "being sincere in religion", "performing pilgrimage", etc. The concept used in the meanings has also been interpreted as the inherent religion in human creation and returning to the essence. The principles and beliefs of the religion of Islam, which was conveyed by Muhammad (pbuh), were conveyed as the highest level of humanity, and were conveyed as the highest level of humanity by Allah Almighty. In the case of Abraham, his servants were commanded to stay away from polytheism and distorted heretical religions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KADEM Journal of Women's Studies is the property of Women & Justice Association / Kadin & Demokrasi Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveIn 2019, California and Wilmington, Delaware' implemented policies requiring healthier default beverages with restaurant kids' meals. The current study assessed restaurant beverage offerings and manager perceptions.DesignPre-post menu observations were conducted in California and Wilmington. Observations of cashiers/servers during orders were conducted pre-post implementation in California and post-implementation in Wilmington. Changes in California were compared using multilevel logistic regression and paired t tests. Post-implementation, managers were interviewed.SettingInside and drive-through ordering venues in a sample of quick-service restaurants in low-income California communities and all restaurants in Wilmington subject to the policy, the month before and 7-12 months after policy implementation.ParticipantsRestaurant observations (California n 110; Wilmington n 14); managers (California n 75; Wilmington n 15).ResultsPre-implementation, the most common kids' meal beverages on California menus were unflavoured milk and water (78·8 %, 52·0 %); in Wilmington, juice, milk and sugar-sweetened beverages were most common (81·8 %, 66·7 % and 46·2 %). Post-implementation, menus including only policy-consistent beverages significantly increased in California (9·7 % to 66·1 %, P < 0·0001), but remained constant in Wilmington (30·8 %). During orders, cashiers/servers offering only policy-consistent beverages significantly decreased post-implementation in California (5·0 % to 1·0 %, P = 0·002). Few managers (California 29·3 %; Wilmington 0 %) reported policy knowledge, although most expressed support. Most managers wanted additional information for customers and staff.ConclusionsWhile the proportion of menus offering only policy-consistent kids' meal default beverages increased in California, offerings did not change in Wilmington. In both jurisdictions, managers lacked policy knowledge, and few cashiers/servers offered only policy-consistent beverages. Additional efforts are needed to strengthen implementation of kids' meal beverage policies.

School meal has an important nutritional value, especially at the primary stage.It is cover a high percentage of the daily intake. This study aimed to study the affecting partial substitution of date paste by sesame seed cake in the school meal (biscuit-date) on sensory evaluation , physical and chemical characteristics and evaluating from the daily intake of school children.Siwi date paste and sesame seed cake were anlyizwd before before being used in the production of the school meal. Sesame seed cake was added as a partial substitute of the date paste at diffrent ratio 10,20,30,40 and 50%. Result showed that the ratio of date paste :sesame seed cake(80:20) was the highest sensory parameters .Results indicated that the substituation date paste of bascuit with sesame seed cake up 20% is higher in nutritional value than date paste in bascuit only especially of protein ,fat ,ash ,total phenols and anitioxant activity. The substituation date paste of bascuit with sesame seed cake up 20% were gavien the recommended dietary allowances higher than bascuit with date paste.

Background: The addition of dairy products to a meal high in carbohydrates or fat may potentially result in reductions in acute postprandial glycemic responses. There is limited data on the postprandial effects of local Ghanaian meals and this potential role of milk in attenuating acute postprandial glycemia changes have not been previously tested among Ghanaians. Objectives: The overall objective of the study is to determine the effects of low-fat whole milk on postprandial glycemia after consumption of two common Ghanaian local meals among healthy young adults. Methods: The study included 10 healthy, non-obese young adults. Two common local Ghanaian meals (Waakye and Ga Kenkey) were consumed on separate days with water and low-fat whole milk. Glycemic responses were assessed at fasting and 30-minutes postprandial point intervals for 3 hours. Postprandial glycemia, was assessed by the incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC). Percentage postprandial glycemia peak was assessed as the percentage glycemia difference between peak glycemia point and baseline. Percentage postprandial glycemia retention. Student t-test was used to compare differences in postprandial responses with and without milk. Results: On consumption of Waakye, there were statistically non-significant decreases in mean postprandial iAUC, and percentage postprandial glycemia retention with low-fat whole milk. However, a relatively lower but statistically non-significant percentage postprandial glycemia peak was observed with the low-fat whole milk. With Kenkey, the results showed a relatively lower postprandial iAUC, percentage postprandial glycemia peak and percentage postprandial glycemia retention on consumption with the low-fat whole milk. However, these differences were not observed to be statistically significant. Conclusion: There are variations in the effects of low-fat whole milk on postprandial glycemia response between different meal types. No statistically significant differences were observed in the effects of low-fat whole milk in limiting postprandial glycemia response in both test meals. The findings point to further research on the subject in different targeted populations, including type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) clients.

Abstract Introduction: Participant recruitment and retention (R&R) are well-documented challenges in longitudinal studies, especially those involving populations historically underrepresented in research and vulnerable groups (e.g., pregnant people or young children and their families), as is the focus of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) birth cohort study. Subpar access to transportation, overnight lodging, childcare, or meals can compromise R&R; yet, guidance on how to overcome these “logistical barriers” is sparse. This study’s goal was to learn about the HBCD sites’ plans and develop best practice recommendations for the HBCD consortium for addressing these logistical barriers. Methods: The HBCD’s workgroups developed a survey asking the HBCD sites about their plans for supporting research-related transportation, lodging, childcare, and meals, and about the presence of institutional policies to guide their approach. Descriptive statistics described the quantitative survey data. Qualitative survey responses were brief, not warranting formal qualitative analysis; their content was summarized. Results: Twenty-eight respondents, representing unique recruitment locations across the U.S., completed the survey. The results indicated substantial heterogeneity across the respondents in their approach toward supporting research-related transportation, lodging, childcare, and meals. Three respondents were aware of institutional policies guiding research-related transportation (10.7%) or childcare (10.7%). Conclusions: This study highlighted heterogeneity in approaches and scarcity of institutional policies regarding research-related transportation, lodging, childcare, and meals, underscoring the need for guidance in this area to ensure equitable support of participant R&R across different settings and populations, so that participants are representative of the larger community, and increase research result validity and generalizability.

In the Gospel of Luke, the social gathering of the meal appears again and again. It is a setting for Jesus' interactions as well as a topic of conversation. Drawing on theories of disability and masculinity, this article examines the various meal scenes in Luke 14. The focus is on Jesus' advice to the host about who to invite and who not to invite when hosting a meal (vv. 12–14). This saying constructs a complex and intersecting web of potential guests. Those that should not be invited, belong to the social world of the privileged man: his brother, friend, relative and rich neighbor. Representing different levels of his radius of trust, they all have something to give back. The preferred guests in Jesus' parable, however, are those who lack the resources to give anything back, due to bodily disability and lack of means: "The poor, the crippled, the lame and the blind" (Luke 14:14, NRSV). The article thus examines how health, economic ability, and gender intersect. The ideal meal in the Gospel of Luke negotiates the complex social web of the ancient world. We suggest that disability and masculinity are key issues and scrutinize these categories to rethink the social make-up of ideal communities as suggested by Luke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the increased price of foods in recent years and the diminished food security in Iran, nutrition recommender systems can suggest the most suitable and affordable foods and diets to users based on their health status and food preferences. Objective: The present study aimed to design and evaluate a recommender system to suggest healthy and affordable meals and provide a tele-nutrition consulting service. Methods: This applied three-phase study was conducted in 2020. In the first stage, the food items' daily prices were extracted from credible sources, and accordingly, meals were placed in three price categories. After conducting a systematic review of similar systems, the requirements and data elements were specified and confirmed by 10 nutritionists and 10 health information management and medical informatics experts. In the second phase, the software was designed and developed based on the findings. In the third phase, system usability was evaluated by four experts based on Nielsen's heuristic evaluation. Results: Initially, 72 meals complying with nutritional principles were placed in three price categories. Following a literature review and expert survey, 31 data elements were specified for the system, and the experts confirmed system requirements. Based on the information collected in the previous stage, the Web-based software TanSa in the Persian language was designed, developed, and presented on a unique domain. During the evaluation, the mean severity of the problems associated with Nielsen's 10 principles was 1.2, which is regarded as minor. Conclusion: To promote food security, the designed system recommends healthy, nutritional, and affordable meals to individuals and households based on user characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translations of the Qur'an and tafsirs have always been significant for people attempting to comprehend the Qur'an. Because the translation of the Qur'an and tafsirs removes ambiguities in many verses, it becomes simpler for the addressees to grasp with clear, reasoned, and, where required, thorough information. However, there are several issues that prevent proper comprehension of some verses and words. The various and mixed information provided by the translations and tafsirs itself in the translation or explanation of the words and compositions in the verses might often lead the addressee to hesitate. The verb "farada" is one word that can be used to illustrate this circumstance. The fact that the verb's meaning of "make obligatory" does not allow for the establishment of a clear and understandable sentence for the verse in which it is included, or that there are several possibilities about it, makes it difficult for the addressee to form a correct and definite opinion about the meaning of this verb. In this study, it will be attempted to reveal the inadequacy of the current situation and the suggested meanings by examining the meanings of the verses in which the verb is included in the translation and tafsirs, and to base the suitability of the meanings of "making it wholeheartedly, making it halal, giving grace" for it, along with its justifications. It will be demonstrated by these meanings offered as a solution proposal that the addressee can grasp only by sticking to the phrasing of the verb without the need for extra explanations and words. The meaning of the verb will be stable. The study will also highlight the impact of a word's accurate meaning on the phrase, the significance of meaning stability and consistency, and the repercussions of elements that make understanding difficult, such as uncertainty and ambiguity. As a result, it will also help to raise awareness of the difficulties to consider while attempting to grasp a word or phrase in the Qur'an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazelnut is one of the most widely consumed nuts around the world. Considering the nutritional value of hazelnuts, a wide range of hazelnut-based food products are available in the market such as oil, chocolate, confectionery, etc. Nevertheless, the processing of hazelnuts generates a large number of by-products and waste. The most valuable by-products of the hazelnut industry are shell, skin, and meal. These by-products are rich in bioactive compounds, protein, dietary fibre, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols, and squalene. The current utilisation of hazelnut by-products is mostly limited to animal feed supplementation of hazelnut meal and skin and use as a low-value heat source for the shells. However, disposing of these by-products or using them as a low-value heat source or animal feed supplementation results in significant waste of a natural resource rich in nutritional components. Consequently, valorising hazelnut by-products as bioactive ingredients in diverse fields such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics has stimulated interest among scientists, producers, and consumers. This review provides an overview of current scientific knowledge about the main and most valuable hazelnut by-products and their actual valorisation, with a focus on their chemical composition to inspire new applications of these valuable resources and fully exploit their potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data regarding the effect of specific dietary behaviors, such as meal frequency, on multi-morbidity are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of meal frequency on multi-morbidity in a Cypriot population. A representative sample of 1255 adults >18 years old was surveyed during 2022–2023. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, multi-morbidity, and meal frequency consumption were collected through validated questionnaires. Diseases were listed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10]. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics v.19.0. Responders who consumed more than three meals and snacks daily had a higher probability of multi-morbidity [OR: 1.505 [95% CI: 1.505–2.069]] compared with those who consumed three or fewer meals and snacks daily. The relation was not statistically significant after adjusting for age and gender and for socioeconomic characteristics. Furthermore, participants who consumed more than three snacks per day had a 1.776 [AOR: 1.616 [95% CI: 1.054–2.476]] higher risk of having multi-morbidity compared with participants who did not consume any snack or consumed one snack per day. The findings suggest that people with multi-morbidity have a higher risk when consuming three or more snacks per day regardless of age, gender, and socioeconomic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RUMELI: Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Trakya University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common global issue linked to the quality of one’s eating occasions. The current cross-sectional study evaluates the association between a novel index, the Main Meal Quality Index (MMQI), and MetS among Iranian adults. Methods A total of 824 men and women were recruited, and a 24-hour dietary recall assessed the dietary intake of the participants. Lunch was selected as the main meal based on energy density. The MMQI score was calculated based on ten components of dietary intake, with a higher score indicating more adherence to the index, with the final scores ranging from 0 to 100 points. The associations were assessed using binary logistic regression. Results The mean age was 42.2 years and the range of the calculated MMQI was 22 to 86 (mean in total participants: 56.62, mean in women: 56.82, mean in men: 55.64). The total prevalence of MetS in the sample was 34%. After adjustments for potential confounders, the participants at the top quartile of MMQI had a lower odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and a higher odds ratio for hypertension, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, and MetS. The sex-specific analysis also did not show any significant associations between adherence to MMQI and MetS and its components. Conclusion Overall, MMQI is not associated with MetS and its components in a sample of Iranian men and women. More research is needed to examine MMQI and its possible association with current health-related problems including MetS.

Abstract Aims/Introduction Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are important incretin hormones. They are released from the gut after meal ingestion and potentiate glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. Their release after meal ingestion and oral glucose are well established and have been characterized previously. During recent years, knowledge of other regulatory aspects that potentially may affect GIP and GLP‐1 secretion after meal ingestion have also begun to emerge. Here, the results of human studies on these novel aspects of meal‐ and nutrient‐stimulated incretin hormone secretion are reviewed. Materials and Methods The human literature was revisited by identifying articles in PubMed using key words GIP, GLP‐1, secretion, meal, and nutrients. Results The results show that all macronutrients individually stimulate GIP and GLP‐1 secretion. However, there was no synergistic action when given in combination. A pre‐load 30 min before a meal augments the GIP and GLP‐1 response. GIP and GLP‐1 secretion have a diurnal variation with a higher response to an identical meal in the morning than in the afternoon. There is no difference in GIP and GLP‐1 secretion whether a meal is ingested slowly or rapidly. GIP and GLP‐1 secretion after dinner are the same whether or not breakfast and lunch have been ingested. The temperature of the food may be of importance for the incretin hormone response. Conclusions These novel findings have increased our knowledge on the regulation of the complexity of the incretin system and are also important knowledge when designing future studies.

Questions of mathematical calculation of combined flour systems with improved amino acid composition have been studied. To create such systems, it is proposed to use secondary products of oilseeds processing – meal, namely soybean, linseed and sunflower. The expediency of using the indicated meals is substantiated. It is emphasized that in order to create scientific foundations and practical directions for the use of new raw materials in the production of flour products, comprehensive studies are needed to study its composition, physical and chemical properties, as well as the impact on the quality of finished products. The amino acid composition of the proteins of these meals and wheat flour was experimentally determined. Calculated amino acid score. Particular attention is paid to the mathematical calculation of the composition of oilseed meal, which, in terms of amino acid composition, is as close as possible to the reference protein. The mass fractions of soybean, flaxseed and sunflower meal proteins in the composition were determined, namely: 0.51, 0.2 and 0.29, respectively. The amino acid composition and the biological value of the protein of the obtained meal composition were established. It was shown that for such amino acids as lysine, the amount of sulphurous (methionine + cystine) and threonine amino acid score of combined flour systems increased by 0.7–2 times compared to that of wheat flour. The ratio of soybean, linseed and sunflower meal in the composition of the improved amino acid composition in percentage terms was obtained: 44:25:31. Mathematically calculated the content and rate of essential amino acids in systems, which in their composition contain 90–80% wheat flour and 10–20% composition of oilseed meal. The results of studies of such systems showed that the moisture index is almost the same, and the acidity index is slightly higher than the index (4.68 versus 3.03 degrees) for premium wheat flour. Trial baking of bread was carried out, it’s organoleptic, and physico-chemical parameters were determined in comparison with bread based on premium wheat flour. In a bread sample based on combined flour systems, the moisture content is 39.34%; porosity – 77.15%; acidity – 1.83 degrees. The characteristics of the developed systems make it easy to introduce it into the technological process of existing enterprises for the production of bakery products.

BackgroundNutrient profiling methods can be applied to individual foods or to composite meals. This article introduces a new method to assess the nutrient density of breakfast meals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a new breakfast quality score (BQS), based on the nutrient standards previously published by the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI) consortium.MethodsBQS was composed of three sub-scores derived from the weighted arithmetic mean of corresponding nutrient adequacy: an eLIMf sub-score (energy, saturated fat, free sugars, and sodium), a PF (protein and fiber) sub-score, and a VMn1 − 14 micronutrient sub-score, where n varied from 0 to 14. The effects of assigning different weights to the eLIMf, PF, and VMn were explored in four alternative models. The micronutrients were calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin D. Micronutrient permutations were used to develop alternate VMn1 − 14 sub-scores. The breakfast database used in this study came from all breakfasts declared as consumed by adults (>18 years old) in the French dietary survey INCA3. All models were tested with respect to the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3). BQS sensitivity was tested using three prototype French breakfasts, for which improvements were made.ResultsThe correlations of the models with NRF9.3 improved when the VMn>3 sub-score (n > 3) was included alongside the PF and eLIMf sub-scores. The model with (PF+VMn) and eLIMf each accounting for 50% of the total score showed the highest correlations with NRF9.3 and was the preferred final score (i.e., BQS). BQS was sensitive to the changing quality of three prototype breakfasts defined as tartine, sandwich, and cereal.ConclusionThe proposed BQS was shown to valuably rank the nutritional density of breakfast meals against a set of nutrient recommendations. It includes nutrients to limit along with protein, fiber, and a variable number of micronutrients to encourage. The flexible VMn sub-score allows for the evaluation of breakfast quality even when nutrient composition data are limited.

The way to solve the problem of correcting technological indicators, in particular porosity and moisture content, in extruded protein-fat systems based on soybean, rapeseed, hemp meal, and corn grits is considered. The peculiarity of the work is the substantiation of the rational ratio of the content of moisture and lipids in the raw components of the extrudate, which is an important aspect of rationalizing the composition and improving the texture of innovative extruded products based on the specified raw materials. The object of the research is technological indicators, in particular the porosity and moisture content of the extruded protein-fat system, depending on the moisture and lipid content in the raw components. A rational ratio of moisture content (10.5...12.5 %) and lipids (3.5...5.0 %) in the raw material for the extruded protein-fat system was determined. The use of refined palm olein as an oil product resistant to oxidative deterioration, which should be added to raw components in order to correct the technological properties of the finished product, is substantiated. The developed protein-fat system of reasonable composition has an advantage over a commercial similar product in terms of crude protein content (29.0 % vs. 8.2 %), porosity (130.0 % vs. 105.0 %) and cost ($ 916/t vs. $ 2,798/t). The obtained data are explained by the fact that a complex of components was used, some of which are production waste, with reasonable moisture and lipid content, which improved the technological characteristics of the extrudate. An applied aspect of using this scientific result is the possibility of rationalizing the extrusion process of oilseed meal to achieve the desired texture, porosity and stability of the lipid component of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have recurrent lower abdominal pain, associated with altered bowel habit (diarrhea and/or constipation). As bowel habit is altered, abnormalities in colonic motility are likely to contribute; however, characterization of colonic motor patterns in patients with IBS remains poor. Utilizing fiber-optic manometry, we aimed to characterize distal colonic postprandial colon motility in diarrhea-predominant IBS. After an overnight fast, a 72-sensor (spaced at 1-cm intervals) manometry catheter was colonoscopically placed to the proximal colon, in 13 patients with IBS-D and 12 healthy adults. Recordings were taken for 2 h pre and post a 700 kcal meal. Data were analyzed with our two developed automated techniques. In both healthy adults and patients with IBS-D, the dominant frequencies of pressure waves throughout the colon are between 2 and 4 cycles per minute (cpm) and the power of these frequencies increased significantly after a meal. Although these pressure waves formed propagating contractions in both groups, the postprandial propagating contraction increase was significantly smaller in patients compared with healthy adults. In healthy adults during the meal period, retrograde propagation between 2 and 8 cpm was significantly greater than antegrade propagation at the same frequencies. This difference was not observed in IBS-D. Patients with IBS-D show reduced prevalence of the retrograde cyclic motor pattern postprandially compared with the marked prevalence in healthy adults. We hypothesize that this reduction may allow premature rectal filling, leading to postprandial urgency and diarrhea. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Compared with healthy adults this study has shown a significant reduction in the prevalence of the postprandial retrograde cyclic motor pattern in the distal colon of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. We hypothesize that this altered motility may allow for premature rectal filling which contributes to the postprandial urgency and diarrhea experienced by these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions of mathematical calculation of combined flour systems with improved amino acid composition have been studied. To create such systems, it is proposed to use secondary products of oilseeds processing – meal, namely soybean, linseed and sunflower. The expediency of using the indicated meals is substantiated. It is emphasized that in order to create scientific foundations and practical directions for the use of new raw materials in the production of flour products, comprehensive studies are needed to study its composition, physical and chemical properties, as well as the impact on the quality of finished products. The amino acid composition of the proteins of these meals and wheat flour was experimentally determined. Calculated amino acid score. Particular attention is paid to the mathematical calculation of the composition of oilseed meal, which, in terms of amino acid composition, is as close as possible to the reference protein. The mass fractions of soybean, flaxseed and sunflower meal proteins in the composition were determined, namely: 0.51, 0.2 and 0.29, respectively. The amino acid composition and the biological value of the protein of the obtained meal composition were established. It was shown that for such amino acids as lysine, the amount of sulphurous (methionine + cystine) and threonine amino acid score of combined flour systems increased by 0.7–2 times compared to that of wheat flour. The ratio of soybean, linseed and sunflower meal in the composition of the improved amino acid composition in percentage terms was obtained: 44:25:31. Mathematically calculated the content and rate of essential amino acids in systems, which in their composition contain 90– 80% wheat flour and 10–20% composition of oilseed meal. The results of studies of such systems showed that the moisture index is almost the same, and the acidity index is slightly higher than the index (4.68 versus 3.03 degrees) for premium wheat flour. Trial baking of bread was carried out, it’s organoleptic, and physico-chemical parameters were determined in comparison with bread based on premium wheat flour. In a bread sample based on combined flour systems, the moisture content is 39.34%; porosity – 77.15%; acidity – 1.83 degrees. The characteristics of the developed systems make it easy to introduce it into the technological process of existing enterprises for the production of bakery products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In livestock farming, the balance of feed and diet, including macro-, microelements and vitamins, is important. This is facilitated by control of microelements in feed. Purpose. Determination of selenium and zinc content in husks and meal using SEM and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Methodology. SEM "JEOLJSM -- IT200 LA", X-ray fluorescence analyzer "SpectraXEPOSX-ray" and optical spectroscopy devices were used. Originality. Data were obtained to select the optimal method for detecting selenium and zinc in animal feed. Findings. The sensitivity of X-ray fluorescence analysis and SEM methods with respect to selenium and zinc in meal husks was revealed. A method for its enrichment with microelements has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]