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Attention focuses on the design of radio-transparent aircraft fairings, taking account of the required strength and mass-centering radioelectronic characteristics and the ambient temperature, using a specific mathematical apparatus. It is established that thermostable and thermoreactive binders are promising in the manufacture of frictional components and as high-temperature thermal insulation in critical aerospace components. Analytical formulas permit selection of the preliminary fairing design and specification of the minimal wall thickness in the early stages of design. The finite-element method may be used in ensuring the shape, stability, and strength by modeling the stress–strain state of radio-transparent composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical apparatus and computational algorithms for implementation of parallel computing in geometric modeling and computer-aided design (CAD) systems. The analysis of existing approaches to parallel computing implementation in CAD systems is carried out. As a result, it is found that most information modeling and CAD systems do not support parallel computing at the level of the geometric kernel. A concept for the development of a CAD geometric kernel based on the invariants of parallel projection of geometric objects onto the axes of the global coordinate system is proposed. It combines the potential of constructive methods for geometric modeling, capable of parallelizing geometric constructions by tasks (message passing), and the mathematical apparatus of point calculus, capable of parallelization by data through coordinate-by-coordinate calculation (data parallel). The use of the coordinate-by-coordinate calculation for point equations not only makes it possible to parallelize computations along coordinate axes, but also ensures the consistency of computational operations with respect to threads, which significantly reduces the idle time and optimizes the CPU operation to achieve the maximum effect from the use of parallel computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a preprocessing algorithm for aerospace hyperspectral images based on a mathematical apparatus effectively applied in pre-compression transformation problems. In particular, several methods have been analyzed for hyperspectral image (signal) preprocessing from the point of view of digital signal processing algorithms. These mathematical methods are used for problems of filtering signals from noise of different natures and for compression and restoration of signals after their transmission through communication channels. The results of comparative analysis of preparatory processing of lossy compression algorithms based on wavelet analysis, discrete and orthogonal transforms are also given, demonstrating minimization of loss level of reconstructed decoded images. The performance of the proposed preprocessing algorithms with quality metrics is presented to evaluate the quality of the reconstructed hyperspectral aerospace images. The results of this study can be applied and used in the tasks of special processing of hyperspectral images, as well as fundamental knowledge of mathematical apparatuses of the proposed orthogonal preprocessing, considering the specificity of the data which is very important in obtaining images ready for compression for the subsequent identification of objects of the Earth's surface and using such mathematical transformations at the hyperspectral image preprocessing stage before compression provides efficient archiving of the obtained data, while reducing the communication channel load. Through the use of quality metrics of the reconstructed images, the preprocessing algorithm provides an understanding of the threshold of the peak signal-to-noise ratio value and the efficiency of its application to calculate and minimize the loss rate.

Node.js and Scala are two popular development technologies that have unique features and applications. Node.js is a server-side JavaScript that has become the foundation for many web applications and services. Scala, on the other hand, is a powerful programming language that combines the benefits of functional and object-oriented programming. In this article, we compare these two technologies, review their features, advantages and disadvantages, the main characteristics of each technology, and their areas of application. Node.js or Scala, both these tools provide great opportunities to create powerful, scalable and efficient applications and this article discusses how they can be integrated to create a scalable application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The materials of the article outline the features of the use of ultraviolet LED systems in industry, and propose a solution for their use in the grain processing and compound feed industry. Ultraviolet light (UV) is a well-researched and widely used means of decontamination and disinfection of surfaces, air, water, and food. Usually, far ultraviolet radiation (or ultraviolet C, UVC) with a wavelength of 254 nm is used, which corresponds to the peak absorption of wave energy by the DNA of a living cell. There is a mathematical mechanism for calculating the parameters of radiation in relation to its effect on microorganisms: a curve describing the microbial death depending on the increase in the radiation dose received by the bacteria and formulae for the relationship between the three main parameters (dose, radiation flux and exposure duration). Ultraviolet lamps (tubes) are commonly used, on the basis of which a large number of emitters have been developed for different needs. There are also emitters for grain and feed disinfection in use, but only outside of industrial production lines. Ultraviolet irradiation is not used directly on manufacturing lines so far. However, it can be used to reduce the microbial burden of a feed or food product prior to packaging the finished product. For this purpose, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) available on the world market today can be used. However, their use faces difficulties: ultraviolet LEDs emit wavelengths longer than lamps (at about 275 nm or more), which requires an increase in the duration of irradiation, which is undesirable for industrial processing of products directly on the line. However, the small size of the UVC LEDs will allow them to be installed in grain processing and feed mills inside equipment (magnetic separators, gravity feeders, etc.) with appropriate protection against damage by moving material. In addition, suspended emitters of any configuration can be placed above belt conveyors that move material at a certain speed. This approach will require certain measures to control the efficiency of irradiation (requires microbiological studies) and to protect personnel from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays (means of personal and collective protection, measurement of radiation intensity).

The paper analyzes the problems associated with processing large amounts of text data, such as scientific articles, and discusses the possibilities of using distributed data processing systems to improve the efficiency of analysis. In particular, the authors of the paper study the use of language models such as 𝑁 -grams and recurrent neural networks to extract meaning and classify scientific texts. The paper presents algorithmic approaches and methods based on distributed processing and describes the possibilities of using language models and distributed processing algorithms. In general, a new approach to the analysis of scientific texts is proposed, based on the use of language models and distributed data processing frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a preprocessing algorithm for aerospace hyperspectral images based on a mathematical apparatus effectively applied in pre-compression transformation problems. In particular, several methods have been analyzed for hyperspectral image (signal) preprocessing from the point of view of digital signal processing algorithms. These mathematical methods are used for problems of filtering signals from noise of different natures and for compression and restoration of signals after their transmission through communication channels. The results of comparative analysis of preparatory processing of lossy compression algorithms based on wavelet analysis, discrete and orthogonal transforms are also given, demonstrating minimization of loss level of reconstructed decoded images. The performance of the proposed preprocessing algorithms with quality metrics is presented to evaluate the quality of the reconstructed hyperspectral aerospace images. The results of this study can be applied and used in the tasks of special processing of hyperspectral images, as well as fundamental knowledge of mathematical apparatuses of the proposed orthogonal preprocessing, considering the specificity of the data which is very important in obtaining images ready for compression for the subsequent identification of objects of the Earth's surface and using such mathematical transformations at the hyperspectral image preprocessing stage before compression provides efficient archiving of the obtained data, while reducing the communication channel load. Through the use of quality metrics of the reconstructed images, the preprocessing algorithm provides an understanding of the threshold of the peak signal-to-noise ratio value and the efficiency of its application to calculate and minimize the loss rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coming era of digital transformation, from the point of view of the consumer of information services, has a dual character. On the one hand, there is an excess of information, and on the other hand, its absence in the form ready for adequate perception by the vast majority of citizens. The ongoing «information overload» causes the effect of reducing the motivation to use information, which entails the closure of libraries and the reduction of the library stock. Integrating modern technologies into library activities, providing the relationship between the physical and virtual worlds, will bring the library to a completely new level of relationships with readers and significantly increase the efficiency of information use. The article deals with the issues of innovative activities of the library, aimed at developing and implementing the provisions of the digital development strategy, which provides for digital transformation, which implies a significant increase in efficiency through the introduction of new user service technologies. It is substantiated that the methodology of Academician V. L.Kvint, according to which strategy is defined as a system of search, formulation and development of doctrine, which ensures long-term success with its consistent and complete implementation; in accordance with the stated principles of strategizing, the scheme for developing a strategy for the advanced development of a modern library is formalized and described. It is shown that the methodology of program-target management makes it possible to synchronize the process of strategizing with the processes of «substantiating goals in terms of their achievability in time and consistency with resource capabilities», such synchronization is provided by the logical scheme of the method: «goals — ways to achieve — means», in accordance with which the goals set for the digital development of the object of strategizing are implemented by a set of organizational and technical measures provided with the resources required for this.

The relevance of the research results presented in this article lies in the general concept of elasticity theory, which integrates the bases of theoretical-empirical physics, practical mathematics and the natural implementation of modelling results in the fields of industrial (to a large extent in the design and manufacture of aircraft and naval aircraft shells and fuselages), construction (more so in the design and formation of multi-layer building structures), electronics and other areas of the science and industry complex. The aim of the study is to form a mathematical model of thin plate vibration based on a system of differential equations for the computational case of point bonding. The method of scientific search (Multilocal Literature Review) is used to achieve the set goal, which made it possible to establish the actual scientific-theoretical basis of the investigated problem, the method of mathematical modelling allowing to systematize the systems of differential equations developed earlier and formed in the framework of the present study, both for the general concept of the theory of elasticity of thin plates and for a selected calculation situation with partial constraints in the form of point bond imposing. As a result of the investigations conducted in the framework of this study, a mathematical model of the oscillations of thin plates bounded by special point-coupling conditions has been obtained, consisting of a system of differential equations obtained by successive iterations of mathematical transformations for the generated local boundary conditions. The mathematical model obtained is of practical scientific interest. The developed model environment forms a complete mathematical theory of elasticity for the formulated problem of the oscillatory process of thin plates with bounding point couplings. This problem has not received a satisfactory mathematical apparatus because of the complexity and cumbersomeness of analytical methods to describe the investigated elastic object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The purpose of this work is to optimize the functioning of the automated control system of the heat supply system. The connection between the flow rate of flue gases at the inlet to the waste heat boiler and the temperature of the heat carrier at the far point of the consumer is subject to adjustment.Method. The methodological basis of the study is: the heat balance equation for the waste heat boiler of the combined cycle plant; principles for ensuring the specified parameters of heat supply to the consumer; equation of heat and mass transfer and sanitary standards for heat supply.Result. A mathematical apparatus has been developed that expresses the dependence of the flue gas flow rate at the inlet to the waste heat boiler and the temperature of the coolant in the heating device in the farthest room of the analyzed building.Conclusion. Optimization of the automated control system of the heat supply system on the example of a building of a higher school shows the possibility of improving the accuracy of control of the automated control system by the heating system. In the case of an additional installation, the narrowing of the error corridor occurs by 2.5 times.

Context. The probability of detecting the object by the operator of the video surveillance system depends on a number of parameters (geometric dimensions of the object of observation, distance to the object of observation, parameters of the video surveillance camera, monitor parameters, etc.). Objective. The purpose of the article is to develop an indicator of the effectiveness of detecting dynamic objects when evaluating the functioning of video surveillance systems. Method. An indicator of the effectiveness of object detection when evaluating the functioning of video surveillance systems is proposed. The proposed indicator is expressed in the probability of detection of the object of interest by the i-th operator thanks to the person’s own visual apparatus or with the help of a software algorithm. This indicator differs from the existing ones by taking into account the parameters of the optical system, the parameters of the information display device (monitor), the number of video surveillance cameras, etc. The developed indicator makes it possible to estimate the probability of detection of an object by a video surveillance system operator thanks to a person's own visual apparatus or with the help of a software algorithm, depending on the distance to such an object. Results. According to the results of experimental calculations, it has been proven that the effectiveness of the use of video surveillance systems with the use of video analytics functions (using the example of the dynamic object detection algorithm). Conclusions. The conducted experimental calculations confirmed the efficiency of the proposed mathematical apparatus and allow us to recommend it for use in practice when solving problems of evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of video surveillance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The materials of the article outline the features of the use of ultraviolet LED systems in industry, and propose a solution for their use in the grain processing and compound feed industry. Ultraviolet light (UV) is a well-researched and widely used means of decontamination and disinfection of surfaces, air, water, and food. Usually, far ultraviolet radiation (or ultraviolet C, UVC) with a wavelength of 254 nm is used, which corresponds to the peak absorption of wave energy by the DNA of a living cell. There is a mathematical mechanism for calculating the parameters of radiation in relation to its effect on microorganisms: a curve describing the microbial death depending on the increase in the radiation dose received by the bacteria and formulae for the relationship between the three main parameters (dose, radiation flux and exposure duration). Ultraviolet lamps (tubes) are commonly used, on the basis of which a large number of emitters have been developed for different needs. There are also emitters for grain and feed disinfection in use, but only outside of industrial production lines. Ultraviolet irradiation is not used directly on manufacturing lines so far. However, it can be used to reduce the microbial burden of a feed or food product prior to packaging the finished product. For this purpose, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) available on the world market today can be used. However, their use faces difficulties: ultraviolet LEDs emit wavelengths longer than lamps (at about 275 nm or more), which requires an increase in the duration of irradiation, which is undesirable for industrial processing of products directly on the line. However, the small size of the UVC LEDs will allow them to be installed in grain processing and feed mills inside equipment (magnetic separators, gravity feeders, etc.) with appropriate protection against damage by moving material. In addition, suspended emitters of any configuration can be placed above belt conveyors that move material at a certain speed. This approach will require certain measures to control the efficiency of irradiation (requires microbiological studies) and to protect personnel from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays (means of personal and collective protection, measurement of radiation intensity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis: The topic in this paper has been the subject of an intense controversy over the past years. The following remarks are aimed at providing a simplified introduction to the psychological concepts of significance. A mathematical presentation is intentionally avoided because, on the one hand, the readership decreases exponentially with each mathematical formula and, on the other hand, these are given in detail in the special lectures or in scientific presentations. Starting from the historical background, the focus here is on the concepts of the ideas on the one hand, and on the other hand, the modern discussion of these concepts will be presented briefly.

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The article outlines the main features of the use of the theory of indefinite bundles in the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of investment projects. He analysis of methods for quantifying the effectiveness of the IP under uncertainty suggests that the existing methods either eliminate the uncertainty from the IP model, which is inappropriate, since uncertainty is an integral characteristic of any forecast, or are unable to formally describe, and take into account all possible varieties of types of uncertainty. Methods based on the theory of fuzzy sets refer to the methods of evaluation and decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. Their use implies the formalization of the initial parameters and performance targets of the IP in the form of a vector of interval values (fuzzy interval), the hit in each interval of which is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty. Also, the fuzzy-interval approach has advantages in solving the problems of forming an optimal portfolio of investment projects. To solve the problem of forming an optimal IP portfolio, a large number of models for the formation of an optimal IP portfolio have been developed, differing from each other in the form of objective functions, variable properties, used by mathematical methods, and uncertainty.

In the modern economy, the implementation of innovative software projects for planning and managing the productive activities is an important factor in ensuring the stable development of enterprises. In this paper, we suggest treating the economic essence of such software projects as soft goods used in the productive activities of enterprises and analyze the modern models for expert assessment of their quality. The main tasks of the present study are: to perform a comparative analysis of existing models; to determine the scope of quality indicators and their main characteristics; and to provide a rationale for choosing a mathematical apparatus to obtain the target values of integral indicator for the expert quality assessment of innovative software projects. The basic methodology of the study is the systemoriented analysis; we have also used the theory of expert estimates and the theory of probability in terms of estimating the random variables, analysis of hierarchies, as well as the methodology of fuzzy sets. In addition, the combinatorial coefficients, binomial and normal distribution tools, and Bernoulli mathematical testing apparatus were used to obtain the results. The paper contributes to the literature by suggesting the composition of indicators for the assessment of the quality the innovative software projects. A developed hierarchical network of indicators makes it possible to determine the target values of integrated quality indicator for the innovative software projects. For practical applications of this methodology for the formation of a hierarchical network of indicators' properties, it is advisable to use different models simultaneously and create an individual expert system of indicators, their properties, characteristics and subcharacteristics applicable to each specific innovative software project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the description of the feasible approach to modeling and forecasting of ecological processes that are the component of the sustainable development paradigm. The suggested mathematical apparatus is based on the statistical methods and comprises hidden Markov models with the linguistic modeling.

The issue of funding for basic research is investigated. Public funding models for research organizations are presented. A new approach to the assessment of possible thematic areas based on bibliometric and webometric indicators is introduced. The architecture of the state system of scientific and technical information is discussed. Scientometric methods provide an instrument for resolving the infrastructure problems of the Russian science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of aspects determining the role of classical and applied mathematics in natural and applied sciences, particularly, in chemistry and chemical technology is considered. Examples of finding new regularities with the use of mathematical concepts and mathematical tools are given.

The paper contains the description of the feasible approach to modeling and forecasting of ecological processes that are the component of the sustainable development paradigm. The suggested mathematical apparatus is based on the statistical methods and comprises hidden Markov models with the linguistic modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spectrally resolved white-light interferometric sensor for absolute position measurement based on Hilbert transform is presented. In order to avoid the possible singularities in the standard method obtained during the division of the measured spectral fringes and their Hilbert transform, a novel method is developed. The method is based on the simple mathematical apparatus where the division with zero is avoided by the division of the measured channeled spectrum and its Hilbert transform with envelope of both functions. Both of the divided functions are further differentiated, squared, and summed in order to find the optical path difference in the interferometer and thus the absolute position. The proposed sensing system currently provides unambiguous measurement over a range of 200 μm with a mid range error of better than 17 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An approach is proposed to the solution of formalized problems of assessment of the activity that produces and maintains software systems (SSs). Such assessment is realized by using expertises that form a new assessment process adequate to the activity needs and specifics with an environment common to the expertises. The following mathematical apparatus is elaborated for expertises: a framework (target functions and executing mechanisms), a model and methods (formalisms for improving the quality and reusing the results of expertises) of an assessment process, and tools for integrating the apparatus into software development management processes. The approach is theoretically justified. Prospects of developing the proposed approach are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model has been constructed for numerical calculation of the natural vibration spectrum of pack-assembled liquid-propellant carrier rockets. The dynamic model of the mechanical-hydraulic system is represented by elements with reduced piecewise-uniform (beam-type) distributed and localized parameters of stiffness and inertial characteristics, while the vibrating masses of liquid are described by using mechanical oscillators. The paper gives the results of calculations of natural frequencies and modes of vibration for a design variant of the carrier rocket for the initial flight stage. We study the influence of taking into account the rotary inertia and shear strain of the beam-type elements on the calculated values of natural frequencies. We analyze also the convergence of finite-element solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]