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AbstractIsosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride tablets treat heart failure in addition to conventional therapy, prolong hospitalization for heart failure, and enhance patient-reported functional status. LC-MS/MS methods developed and validated separately for the quantification of hydrazine mono-lactose adduct and hydrazine di-lactose adduct impurities in the isosorbide and hydralazine hydrochloride tablets. Separation of hydrazine mono-lactose adduct impurity achieved on ZIC-HILIC (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B. The HPLC method gradient elution is; Tmin/% of B: 0/90, 15/40, 15.1/90, and 20/90. The flow rate is 1.0 mL per minute, and the injection volume is 20 µL. Separation of hydrazine di-lactose adduct impurity achieved on Inertsil HILIC (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with 10 Mm ammonium acetate in water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B. The HPLC method gradient elution is; Tmin/% of B: 0/90, 15/40, 15.1/90, and 18/90. The flow rate is 1.0 mL per minute, and the injection volume is 40 µL. Method validation has demonstrated both methods are specific, sensitive, linear, precise, accurate, stable and robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylimidazolium N-ethylamine amine (MIE-NH2) is synthesized successfully with excellent yield in the high performances and green chemical process, using N-methylimidazole and tert-butyl N-(2-bromoethyl) carbamate as starting materials. Following the mechanism of reductive amination, using this ionic liquid as a suitable ligand for modification, N-glycans contain the carbonyl group of the oligosaccharides, and the activity of an ionic liquid is disclosed by mass spectrometric techniques. This work illustrates that methylimidazolium N-ethylamine as an ionic liquid linked to carbohydrates, including N-glycans in lactoferrin and its derivatives, for example, lactoferrin (BL iron free), have been selected as examples of glycoproteins. The detection of profiling linked to oligosaccharides and glycoproteins is performed using UPLC/ESI-QTOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Moreover, the ionic synthesis with active amino-group and employed as a multifunctional modification of the oligosaccharide, and using the products as applicable small molecules therapeutics linked to GlcNAc and its derivatives. Modifying glycoproteins by adding IL-MIE-NH2 has improved ESI ionization efficiency and provided labeling results of N-glycans, even better than 2-AB derivatives. Relevantly, this ionic liquid is applicable as advancement and development in catalytic methods, N-glycosylation, and modification of small molecules as potential drugs against viral and microbial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is a lack of information on dental ceramics long-term ion releases at different conditions and effect of suface finishing techniques on ion leaching. The difference between the amount of ions released from a polished ceramic surface and that released from glazed surfaces is unknown. This study aimed to investigate surface changes and ion leaching from dental ceramics after corrosion and to assess differences between two surface finishing methods. Material and Method: 20 ceramic disks (8x2 mm) (Empress II, Zirkonzahn, Noritake Cerablcn ZR, Finesse, Vita VM7) were fabricated and categorized into autoglazed and polishing (n=10). The surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated before and after corrosion. After subjecting the specimens to in vitro corrosion (pH 4.5--pH 7-pH 9 in water at 37°C±2°C for 18 hours and at pH 2.4 in 4% acetic acid solution at 80°C±2°C for 18 hours), ion release was assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni Test (a=0.05). Multiple comparisons were analyzed by Student t-test. Results: Al, Na, Li, Si ions were leached from all ceramic groups. Ra was significantly changed between the groups at various pH (p<0.05). Post corrosion Ra values were lower than pre corrosion for polished groups. Conclusion: Glazed surfaces are more resistant to corrosion for high sintering ceramics. Polishing can also be a reliable technique when restorations removal is avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylimidazolium N-ethylamine amine (MIE-NH2) is synthesized successfully with excellent yield in the high performances and green chemical process, using N-methylimidazole and tert-butyl N-(2-bromoethyl) carbamate as starting materials. Following the mechanism of reductive amination, using this ionic liquid as a suitable ligand for modification, N-glycans contain the carbonyl group of the oligosaccharides, and the activity of an ionic liquid is disclosed by mass spectrometric techniques. This work illustrates that methylimidazolium N-ethylamine as an ionic liquid linked to carbohydrates, including N-glycans in lactoferrin and its derivatives, for example, lactoferrin (BL iron free), have been selected as examples of glycoproteins. The detection of profiling linked to oligosaccharides and glycoproteins is performed using UPLC/ESI-QTOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Moreover, the ionic synthesis with active amino-group and employed as a multifunctional modification of the oligosaccharide, and using the products as applicable small molecules therapeutics linked to GlcNAc and its derivatives. Modifying glycoproteins by adding IL-MIE-NH2 has improved ESI ionization efficiency and provided labeling results of N-glycans, even better than 2-AB derivatives. Relevantly, this ionic liquid is applicable as advancement and development in catalytic methods, N-glycosylation, and modification of small molecules as potential drugs against viral and microbial infections.

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals. In addition to its well-known role of binding iron, lactoferrin carries many important biological functions, including the promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation, and as an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic protein. These functions differ among lactoferrin homologs in mammals. Although considerable attention has been given to the many functions of lactoferrin, its primary nutritional contribution is presumed to be related to its iron-binding characteristics, whereas the role of glycosylation has been neglected. Given the critical role of glycan binding in many biological processes, the glycan moieties in lactoferrin are likely to contribute significantly to the biological roles of lactoferrin. Despite the high amino acid sequence homology in different lactoferrins (up to 99%), each exhibits a unique glycosylation pattern that may be responsible for heterogeneity of the biological properties of lactoferrins. An important task for the production of biotherapeutics and medical foods containing bioactive glycoproteins is the assessment of the contributions of individual glycans to the observed bioactivities. This review examines how the study of lactoferrin glycosylation patterns can increase our understanding of lactoferrin functionality.

[Display omitted] The study explores the interactions between 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (H 2 P) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in aqueous solutions employing spectrophotometric and fluorescence methods. The composition and structure of the complexes involved in the association of H 2 P with premicellar SDS aggregates of varying compositions denoted as [ H 2 P -5·SDS], [ H 2 P -10·SDS] and [ H 2 P -20·SDS] were characterized using mass spectrometry, DOSY, and 1D NOESY techniques. Possible reasons for the decrease in the intensity of absorption and emission of porphyrin in micellar aggregates of SDS compared to porphyrin in an aqueous environment are analyzed. The research has revealed that SDS can act as both a catalyst and an inhibitor, depending on its concentration in the reaction of complexation of H 2 P with metal cations (Co2+). The spectrophotometric approach examined interaction processes between 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrinate Co(III) and premicellar SDS aggregates, which proceed similarly to the processes with the porphyrin ligand. The study demonstrated the impact of premicellar aggregates on the binding capacity of Co(III) porphyrinate with electron-donating molecules using imidazole as an illustrative example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous and sustained production of good quality eggs and larvae is required to have economically viable and ecologically sustainable rearing of Seriola rivoliana. Nonetheless, the complete production cycle of these species has been challenging to achieve due to high mortality during embryonic and larval stages. The objective of the project was to study the expression of the proteins involved in the embryonic process of almaco jack. Proteomic characterization of fertilized eggs was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Different vitellogenin proteins A, B, C and Ab, ß-actin, peroxiredoxin, superoxide dismutase 1, alpha subunit proteasome, and keratin II were identified to their functions related to embryonic development, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cell structure, cytoskeleton, and antioxidant proteins with defense enzymatic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fungal infections associated with Aspergillus species cause invasive diseases leading high mortality and morbidity as a result of deficiency of primary defence systems in immunosuppressive patients. Therefore, starting appropriate antifungal treatment after rapid and accurate diagnosis is critically important for invasive aspergillosis patients. Nowadays, more rapid, easily applicable, having high sensitivity and specifity new diagnostic methods are required. In this study, identification of Aspergillus spp. isolated from various clinical samples by using conventional methods, MALDI-TOF MS system and DNA sequence analysis and comparison of the methods are aimed. Methods: Totally 50 Aspergillus strains were included in this study. Two isolates were excluded from the study due to contamination. Results: 25 strains were identified as A.fumigatus species complex (52.08%), 17 strains were identified as A.flavus species complex (35.42%), 3 strains were identified as A.niger species complex (6.25%), 2 strains were A. terreus species complex (4.17%) and 1 strain was A.sydowii species complex (2.08%) byITS sequence analysis method used as reference diagnostic method in this study. The sequence analysis wasthe gold standard method and it was observed that there was 97.9% compliance compared to the conventional method. Two different software programmes were used for MALDI-TOF MS system. 37 strains (77.1%) were accurately defined by current IVD (in vitro diagnostic) VITEK MS V.2.0 whereas 42 strains (87.5%) were accurately defined by SARAMIS 4.12 RUO software programme. Conclusions: Molecular methos are thought to be appropriate to be used as complementary method when conventional methods are insufficient for identification at the species level. Although MALDI-TOF MS method is rapid and sensitive method when evaluated in terms of time, it is concluded that such studies should be repeated with more strains to develop database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine environment continues to be a huge source of pharmacologically active compounds that cure deadly disease. This research investigates the bioactive efficacy of bacteria isolated from surface of the coral, Junceella juncea (Pallas, 1766). 128 bacterial strains were isolated from the coral Junceella juncea from Tuticorin coast, Gulf of Mannar region, south east coast of India. The strains were tested against selected five human pathogens. Initial screening shows that the strain SG3 was found to exhibit broad spectral activity inhibiting Staplylococcus aureus. Also, twenty other strains were found to be active against various pathogens. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic identification, the stain SG3 was identified to fell under the genera Bacillus. The ethanol precipitated of the culture broth (SG3) was done and its activity was noted. Mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis has shown that the mass of the molecules ranged from 1225 Da to 1927 Da. Thus the marine bacteria isolated from corals are a potential source of novel bioactive agents and other natural products. Epibiotic bacteria also direct future isolation of peptide anti-MRSA compounds from marine source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Edoxaban was extracted from human plasma by simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by quantitative determination using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The recoveries of edoxaban and the internal standard (ticlopidine) from human plasma were >85%, and the within‐ and between‐day coefficients of variation were within 15%. The limit of quantification in human plasma was 1 ng/mL. The concentration of edoxaban in blood decreased at room temperature, but remained unchanged for 1 week at 4°C. On the other hand, the concentration in plasma at both −20 and −80°C remained unchanged for 5 months. These results indicated that blood samples should be centrifuged immediately or stored at 4°C, and that plasma samples should be stored below −20°C until analysis. This method was applied to human plasma obtained from four patients after total knee arthroplasty. Analysis of edoxaban pharmacokinetics demonstrated an absorption time lag of 4h, a maximum concentration of 110 ± 26 ng/mL and an oral clearance of 37 ± 16 L/h. The analytical methods established in this study will be suitable for determining the concentrations of edoxaban in human plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A promising micropropagation protocol has been systematically established and demonstrated for the enhanced production of carotenoids, tocopherol and fatty acids in shoot tissues of Sedum dasyphyllum. Shoot tip explants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested in order to stimulate multiple shoot production. Ideal shoot induction (100%) and maximized shoot numbers (36.4) were obtained on explants cultured on media incorporated with 2 μM BA and 1 μM NAA combinations. The in vitro-developed shoots rooted best on half-strength MS media incorporated with 2 μM indole 3-butyric acid. Plantlets were effectively acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival rate. The composition and contents of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherol and fatty acids in shoot tissues of S. dasyphyllum were investigated using HPLC and GC-MS. The most abundant carotenoid in the shoot tissue was all-E-lutein (40.3–70.5 μg g−1 FW) followed by 9′-Z-neoxanthin (5.3–9.9 μg g−1 FW), all-E-violaxanthin (4.4–8.2 μg g−1 FW), and all-E-β-carotene (1.6–3.6 μg g−1 FW). The α-tocopherol contents of in vitro-raised shoots was 6.5-fold higher than shoots of greenhouse-grown plants. The primary fatty acids found in shoot tissues were α-linolenic acid (32.0–39.3%), linoleic acid (27.4–38.2%), palmitic acid (13.3–15.5%), and stearic acid (5.2–12.2%). In all, summarizing the findings, the micropropagated S. dasyphyllum showed significant enrichment of valuable bioactive carotenoids (92.3 μg g−1 FW), tocopherols (14.6 μg g−1 FW), and α-linolenic acid (39.3%) compared to their greenhouse counterparts. The protocol demonstrated here could be applied for the mass propagation and production of enhanced bioactive compounds from S. dasyphyllum with credibility.

In this research, combustion characterization and kinetics of four different origin crude oil samples were determined using thermogravimetry - differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) and thermogravimetry - Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) and thermogravimetry – mass spectrophotometry (TGA-MS) techniques. In the TGA-DTA analysis of crude oil samples, low temperature oxidation (LTO) and high temperature oxidation (HTO) reaction regions were observed in different temperature intervals. On the other hand, reaction regions, mass loss, and peak-burnout temperatures of the crude oil samples were also determined using TGA-DTA curves. In TGA-FTIR analysis, spectrums of crude oil samples were examined at different time intervals and composition of several hydrocarbon compounds was determined quantitatively. This research was also focused on the main volatile products (H 2 , H 2 O, CO, CO , C 6 H 6 , SO 2 etc…) of different origin crude oil samples on the basis of both their relative intensities and on their relevancy by using TGA-MS technique. Two different Arrhenius types of kinetic models were used in order to determine the kinetic triplets (activation energy, Arrhenius constant and reaction order) of crude oil samples studied. It was observed that in HTO region, higher activation energy values were observed depending on the °API gravities of the crude oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that changes in the anthocyanin content occur during fruit/vegetable development. However, the anthocyanin content variation due to various analytical methods has not been established in the literature. Therefore, in this study, the individual and the total anthocyanin content of 64 Australian foods have been determined using liquid chromatography (LC-MS, LC-UV) and spectrophotometry methods. Anthocyanin-rich foods were systematically selected and extracted using an optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction method and the total anthocyanin content of the foods was measured using various molar absorptivity values. A comparison of the anthocyanin content between methods demonstrated that the anthocyanin in the same foods showed different degrees of quantification. In general, there was no specific pattern for the anthocyanin type present in similar foods. The comprehensive data with both the total and the individual anthocyanidin-3-glucoside concentration will aid in understanding the functional properties in future research determining food anthocyanin composition. • Analytical variations affecting anthocyanin content of the same food was observed. • No specific pattern in the anthocyanin content of the foods. • Analytical methods impact the development of a robust food composition database. • Frozen blueberries had the highest anthocyanin content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The RI detector is the first choice for the HPLC analysis of drugs of weak UV spectra. • The RI detector can measure these drugs accurately even with moderate sensitivity. • The RI detector can detect micrograms and not nanograms levels. • Glyoxal, lactulose, meprobamate, ursodeoxycholic acid were analyzed with impurities. • Menthol, meprobamate, narasin were analyzed with forced degradation products. In this review article, the first collection of drugs analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a refractive index detector (HPLC-RI) was discussed. The list of all analyzed drugs was shown, and chromatographic conditions for each method were enumerated, demonstrating a helpful guide for all analysts in quality control units. Also, the efficiency of the RI detector was compared to others used in HPLC methods [e.g., ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, electrochemical detector, evaporative light scattering (ELS), and mass spectrophotometry (MS)]. Furthermore, the efficiency of coupling the RI detector with UV or MS was demonstrated, the capabilities of RI in detecting degradates, and impurities for drugs were discussed. Finally, the theory of RI detectors, advantages, disadvantages, and the factors affecting separation efficiency were briefly addressed. All publications from common online manuscript databases (e.g., Scopus, Web of Science) containing HPLC-RI methods were screened and recorded when searching in the titles. The majority of recorded HPLC-RI methods for drug determination were conducted in Egypt (29%, n = 4), India (29%, n = 4), and China (14%, n = 2). The RI detector was the least-mentioned HPLC detector when searching the titles from the Scopus or WOS databases. Concerning the RI detector sensitivity, all the measured drug concentrations were in milligrams and micrograms per mL levels, indicating the relatively low sensitivity of RI compared to UV or MS detectors. The highest sensitivity was observed during heparin analysis, and concentrations as low as 0.1 µg mL−1 may be detected by the method. The lowest sensitivity was recorded during the analysis of mucopolysaccharide polysulfate and the anti-inflammatory mixture of methyl salicylate, camphor, and menthol. The linearity range for mucopolysaccharide polysulfate was 0.09–1.58 mg mL−1. On the other hand, the linearity ranges for the anti-inflammatory mixture were 2.40–9.60, 0.32–1.28, and 0.80–3.20 mg mL−1 for methyl salicylate, camphor, and menthol, respectively. Lastly, scoring all the HPLC-RI methods mentioned here using a greenness assessment tool will provide a comprehensive perspective of the eco-friendly features of the RI detector. Furthermore, there is a need to conduct a comparative analysis of actual drugs in pharmaceuticals using both RI and UV detectors. This is needed to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each detector concerning accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and selectivity. Such analysis will be similar to the study for sugar analysis in actual honey samples that Jalaludin and Kim recently conducted in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study dabigatran etexilate, a new oral anticoagulant that functions as a direct thrombin inhibitor. Methods: This study evaluates four methods, one of which is performed in three different laboratories, and compares results against dabigatran levels measured by Boehringer-Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany) using mass spectrometry. Results: Although routine monitoring is not required, measurement of plasma concentrations may be necessary in certain clinical situations. Routine coagulation assays such as the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time do not reliably determine levels of dabigatran anticoagulation. Alternative assays, when calibrated with a dabigatran standard, such as the modified dilute thrombin time, ecarin clotting time, and ecarin chromogenic assay, may be appropriate, although a comparison of these methods using samples from patients taking dabigatran has not been performed. Conclusions: Although results using all methods in this study demonstrate adequate correlation, measured dabigatran levels varied in a statistically significant manner, even when the same method was used by different laboratories. The clinical significance of this variation in dabigatran concentrations is uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study quantified eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fishery products. Satisfactory linearity (r > 0.99), recovery (80.00–120.00%), LOD (0.21–0.54 μg/kg), LOQ (0.07–0.18 μg/kg), accuracy (81.00–120.00%), and precision (0.61–15.00%) of 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were obtained. The average concentration of PAH8 was 2.13 μg/kg. PAHs concentrations were converted to carcinogenicity of benzo [ a ]pyrene (BaP) to recalculate the toxic equivalent value (TEQ) of individual PAHs and then divided by age group to evaluate the average exposure to PAHs for the whole population and determine the 95th percentile of exposure from daily intake of fishery products. The exposure amount of PAH8 was 7.18 × 10−4μg-TEQ BaP /kg/day. Based on estimated total dietary exposure to PAHs published by WHO/JECFA, the margin of exposure (MOE) of PAH8 was 6.54 × 1010, demonstrating that intake associated with fishery products is negligible. Based on MOE, incremental lifetime cancer risk of total PAHs showed low level of potential risk. • Determination and risk assessment of PAH8 in fishery products was studied. • LOQ was 0.21–0.54 μg/kg and LOD was 0.07–0.18 μg/kg. • Precision and Accuracy were 0.61–15.00% and 81.00–120.00%. • Chronic daily intake rates ranged from 9.69 × 10−6 to 9.96 × 10−3 μg-TEQ BaP /kg/day. • Risk characterization & exposure assessment results were within the safe limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) binds peptide and has several functions that include protein folding, protein trafficking, and involvement with immune function. However, endogenous Hsp70-binding peptides had not previously been identified. Therefore, we eluted and identified several hundred endogenously bound peptides from Hsp70 using liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrophotometry (LC–ITMS). Our work shows that the peptides are capable of binding Hsp70 as previously described. They are generally 8–26 amino acids in length and correspond to specific regions of many proteins. Through computationally assisted analysis of peptides eluted from Hsp70 we determined variable amino acid sequences, including a 5 amino acid core sequence that Hsp70 favorably binds. We also developed a computer algorithm that predicts Hsp70 binding within proteins. This work helps to define what peptides are bound by Hsp70 in vivo and suggests that Hsp70 facilitates peptide selection by aiding a funneling mechanism that is flexible but allows only a limited number of peptides to be processed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We report a case of cystic lesion in a 37-year-old woman. The patient had an oval-shaped lesion adjacent to the temporomandibular joint. Thick fibrotic tissue and muscle were observed microscopically, but the epithelium lining was not observed. The lesion was diagnosed as a ganglion cyst. The patient's general medical history was non-contributory. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrophotometry (MS) revealed some proteins from the fluid in the lesion, such as a filaggrin precursor, dystroglycan, a polyprotein of the hepatitis C virus, and proteins originating from bacteria. The follow-up examinations revealed no recurrence. The probable pathogenesis of the lesion is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Vibrio alginolyticus, a marine fouling bacterium was studied in sea water nutrient broth in vitro. Fourier transformed infrared spectral analysis of the purified EPS revealed prominent characteristic groups corresponding to polyhydric alcohols. When the derivatized alditol acetates from EPS were separated by gas chromatography five peaks corresponding to glucose tetraacetate, xylopyranose tetraacetate, aminoarabinose tetraacetate, aminoribose tetraacetate and glucose pentaacetate, were observed. Mass spectrophotometric analysis of derivatized EPS revealed the presence of glucose, aminoarabinose, aminoribose and xylose in the molar ratio of 2:1:9:1. Viscometric studies suggested that the molecular weight of EPS was ∼6.39×106 Da. Rheological studies of aqueous EPS showed good shearing property. However, the EPS was unstable at high temperatures and high pH. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A promising micropropagation protocol has been systematically established and demonstrated for the enhanced production of carotenoids, tocopherol and fatty acids in shoot tissues of Sedum dasyphyllum . Shoot tip explants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Different concentrations of N 6 -benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested in order to stimulate multiple shoot production. Ideal shoot induction (100%) and maximized shoot numbers (36.4) were obtained on explants cultured on media incorporated with 2 μM BA and 1 μM NAA combinations. The in vitro -developed shoots rooted best on half-strength MS media incorporated with 2 μM indole 3-butyric acid. Plantlets were effectively acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival rate. The composition and contents of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherol and fatty acids in shoot tissues of S. dasyphyllum were investigated using HPLC and GC-MS. The most abundant carotenoid in the shoot tissue was all- E -lutein (40.3-70.5 μg g -1 FW) followed by 9'- Z -neoxanthin (5.3-9.9 μg g -1 FW), all- E -violaxanthin (4.4-8.2 μg g -1 FW), and all- E -β-carotene (1.6-3.6 μg g -1 FW). The α-tocopherol contents of in vitro -raised shoots was 6.5-fold higher than shoots of greenhouse-grown plants. The primary fatty acids found in shoot tissues were α-linolenic acid (32.0-39.3%), linoleic acid (27.4-38.2%), palmitic acid (13.3-15.5%), and stearic acid (5.2-12.2%). In all, summarizing the findings, the micropropagated S. dasyphyllum showed significant enrichment of valuable bioactive carotenoids (92.3 μg g -1 FW), tocopherols (14.6 μg g -1 FW), and α-linolenic acid (39.3%) compared to their greenhouse counterparts. The protocol demonstrated here could be applied for the mass propagation and production of enhanced bioactive compounds from S. dasyphyllum with credibility.

Background: The most commonly reported primary lung cancer subtype is adenocarcinoma, which is associated with a poor prognosis and short survival. Proteomic studies on human body fluids such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have become essential methods for biomarker discovery, examination of tumor pathways and investigation of potential treatments., Aim: This study used quantitative proteomics to investigate the up-regulation of novel proteins in BALF from patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma in order to identify potential biomarkers., Materials and Methods: BALF samples from individuals with and without primary lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry., Results: One thousand and one hundred proteins were identified, 33 of which were found to be consistently overexpressed in all lung adenocarcinoma samples compared to non-cancer controls. A number of overexpressed proteins have been previously shown to be related to lung cancer progression including S100-A8, annexin A1, annexin A2, thymidine phosphorylase and transglutaminase 2., Conclusion: The overexpression of a number of specific proteins in BALF from patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma may be used as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma., (Copyright© 2015, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

The infrared spectra of matrix isolated products of the interaction of uranium and oxygen have been investigated at high temperatures. By use of collateral available data on the various uranium oxide species, plus employment of oxygen 16 and 18 isotopes, peak assignments were verified for many of the neutral metal oxide species.