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The epoch of world revolutions, the epoch of the formation of world ideas (the first half of the 19th century) gave rise to global projects of nationalism and the nation state, socialism and anarchism, emancipation, and public enlightenment, in the formation of which the Masonic 'rulers of thoughts' played an active role. The research paper uncovers the importance of the Masonic movement in the history of Ukraine and shows the contribution of the Masons to the formation of Ukrainian culture and the national idea, enlightenment, and self-organization of society. The purpose of the study is to find answers to the questions: why elite groups of Ukrainian gubernias gathered at the secret lodges in the 19th century, what global and intermediate tasks they set, and which of them they managed to achieve. And most importantly, how the Masonic 'building of the Temple' influenced the processes of formation of the Ukrainian nation. To address this purpose, the authors use a synthetic approach combining the research capabilities of social philosophy, history, and political science. The scientific novelty of the paper. A comprehensive study of the Masonic movement in the territory of Ukrainian gubernias of the Russian Empire has been conducted, extracting the Masonic movement from the historical context imposed by Russian-Soviet historiography. The authors mention Ukrainian Masons in Ukrainian history as 'builders' and 'awakeners' of a new society, where the democratic and national features of Ukraine were taken into account. Conclusions. In the first quarter of the 19th century in Central and Southern Ukraine, the Masons managed to form four centers (Kharkiv, Poltava, Kyiv, and Odesa) in which they not only organized the liberal-minded local elite as an independent 'horizontal structure', but also began 'Masonic creation' - upbringing a new person, a supporter of social progress. A special contribution of Masonic authors to the creation of Ukrainian literature and theater, the first historical studies of Ukrainian history, and Ukrainian autonomist projects took place. Of great interest are the activities of the Masons in Ukraine after their formal 'prohibition' in 1822, and the attempts of Masonic leaders to influence events in Ukrainian gubernias, being 'in the shadows', in the rigid system of barracks imperialism of the 'Nicholas era'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates little-known facts in the life of the famous Tatar and Turkish public figure S.N. Maksudi – a turkologist, an educator, a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire and the Majlis of the Turkish Republic at different periods of his life. At the beginning of the XX century a graduate of the Sorbonne University, a young lawyer, Sadri Maksudi, found himself at the center of the political life of the Turkic-Muslim world of Russia. He lived in St. Petersburg and was actively engaged in political activities. Just then he met Russian Freemasons and became a participant in the Masonic movement.The attitude towards Masonry in the Russian history is characterized by different assessments, for example, they were credited with participation in conspiracies, possession of secret knowledge, etc. In fact, most Masons were liberals who advocated the introduction of a wide range of democratic freedoms in Russia, including expanding the rights of national minorities. This attracted one of the leaders of Russian Islam, who actively defended the ideas of equality and enlightenment of his people.The article presents the analysis of the history of the opening of Masonic lodges in St. Petersburg after the revolution of 1905-1907 and their activities during the inter-revolutionary period, in which S.N. Maksudi took part.The purpose of the study was to analyze the views of the Tatar politician S.N. Maksudi through the prism of his participation in Masonic organizations of the early XX century. For this purpose the author used biographical, historical-genetic and historical-comparative research methods, as well as general scientific and dialectical methods of analysis. As a result, we came to the conclusion that despite all the objective differences between the social movement of Muslims in Russia and the teachings of the Freemasons, there were common ideological ideas between them, which attracted the Tatar-Muslim leader Sadri Maksudi to the ranks of the masons, which was reflected in his political life.

This article uses building contracts to understand late-medieval perceptions of quality in architecture. The focus of the paper is value judgements based on existing buildings, which were to be emulated or 'bettered'. The contracts for Magdalen College, Oxford are the central case study. This paper argues that 'good' in these contracts refers to the function of the building and the specifics of its design, and that other English and continental contracts also focus on the visible particulars of a structure. Such contracts make no reference to religious or political symbolism, rhetoric or iconography. It seems that, when closely engaged in the practice of building, medieval patrons and craftspeople showed aesthetic preferences of a precision not found in other sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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For the first time are here presented to Dostoevsky scholars new facts concerning the masonic environment of the writer, who starting from his education in Chermak’s boarding school in 1834-1837 cultivated close relations of friendship with masons, some of them initiated even in 1840s (Apollon Grigorev), when masonry in Russia was officially forbidden, but nevertheless underground meetings continued. Reasons are given in support to the hypothesis, expressed for the first time by Tatiana Kasatkina in the middle of 1990s, of the possibility for Dostoevsky to have been a mason during the 1840s. Whether or not, direct references to masons and masonic symbolic in Dostoevsky’s oeuvre are impossible to explain (Uncle’s Dream, The Humiliated and the Insulted, The Adolescent, The Brothers Karamazov) if one ignores his interest for masonic teaching.

In this essay we seek to analyse the masons’ marks from the church of S. Gens de Boelhe and answer some questions related to the construction of the monument and its builders. The systematic analysis of a building´s mason marks can provide informations related with the number of masons that worked in a particular building and the stages and rhythms of its construction. A systematic gliptographic survey may also allow to foresee regional or national movement of groups of masons

Masons are regularly exposed to air pollution in the workplace The pollution exposure received by them is a risk factor for respiratory problems. Most of the masons had insufficient knowledge that is very important for the management of a person's illness. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship of knowledge on respiratory disorders with lung function in masons in east surabaya. This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design with a purposive method.The research was conducted from April to July 2019 in the East Surabaya area. The variables that will be observed in this study are the level of knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and treatment and therapy regarding respiratory disorders. In this study, there were 158 respondents consisting of 79 groups with impaired lung function and 79 groups without lung function disorders. Most of the level of knowledge of both groups was good in risk factors and treatment of respiratory disease, but instead on the symptoms regarding respiratory disease. The research showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge about risk factors for respiratory disease (p(0.223)

The subject of consideration in this article is the work of the famous Russian writer of the XIX century A.F. Pisemsky. It analyzes his novel “Masons”, an uncommon phenomenon in the history of the artistic texts language. The depth of fixing the real state of society and its language is combined in this work with non-trivial attempts to understand important social issues. The purpose of the research is to determine how the theme of Freemasonry, that is relevant to the Russian culture of the last three centuries, is implemented in the novel. The authors use a number of interrelated formal and meaningful procedures, which include the advantages of semantic, contextual and functional analysis. This allows identifying the specific of A.F. Pisemsky’s usage of vocabulary included in the semantic field “Freemasonry”. It is found that the system relationships within the field are defined by two types of interaction: the relationship between the core and the periphery and the relationship between the thematic parts, consisting of vocabulary with a common component – a symbol, name, and gesture. The ways of including and interpreting the components of the semantic field in the novel are determined by Pisemsky’s ideas about his readers as people uninitiated into the secrets of Freemasonry. Separate vocabulary and whole thematic complexes come into close interaction with the figurative, character and event plans of the novel, thus performing a nominative, indicative and aesthetic function. In addition, the speech of characters contains more different nominations and descriptions of objects associated with Freemasonry than the author’s, which indicates his desire for an objective depiction of a reality segment related to the semantic field under analysis. At the same time, the language means of irony used by the author are not characteristic of Freemasonry itself, but of specific characters

Physically demanding and repetitive tasks expose workers to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Over the last few decades, various rule-based postural assessment systems have been developed and widely used to facilitate the measurement and evaluation of risks related to WMSDs in many industries. However, the applicability of rule-based assessment to tasks involving heavy material handling has not yet been examined. This study investigated the applicability of three rule-based assessment systems (RULA, REBA, and OWAS) to a bricklaying task. To achieve this goal, an automated assessment tool was developed to implement those systems on whole-body data sets consisting of static postures captured by wearable inertial measurement unit suits. The study demonstrates the use of this tool in assessing risk levels (grand scores) encountered by 43 masons during the laying of 16.6-kg concrete masonry units (CMUs) in a standard wall. Furthermore, the biomechanical analysis of the same data set was carried out and utilized as ground truth to evaluate those results. It was found that rule-based assessment may lead to erroneously inflated risk evaluation in heavy manual handling tasks. In contrast, biomechanical analysis provided sensitive risk evaluations that distinguish the different degrees of risk arising from different motion patterns while participants performed the same tasks. These findings suggest using biomechanical analysis as an objective and robust method to evaluate risks encountered in tasks involving heavy material handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Constitucional is the property of Revista Historia Constitucional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

All the architectural elements of a medieval temple, like itself, are common symbolic space where all details represent the idea of God and face either the faithful or to the Creator himself. And in this system are not the masters of mosaic floors Cosmati alien element - in fact, it is nothing like prayer, created in stone, but the prayer of living presented in the complex language of mosaic figures of Christian imagery. In the article on the example of the Roman basilica of Santa-Maria-Maggiore are considered rich semiotic cosmatesque opportunity to express ideas and concepts of his age. Author restores the value style characters, based on the texts of the era and the reconstruction of views of the Middle Ages made by historians of art and religion.

The pechalbarstvo as a typical complementary economic branch of Stara planina region (the District of Pirot, Republic of Serbia) occurred around the late 18th century. The poor mountain population practiced various forms of pechalbarstvo among which the masonry was the most widespread. Each year, thousands of people used to set off on gurbet for Sofia, Zagora, Wallachia or Serbia. This led to significant changes in the social and economic development of these regions. The process continued until the 1930s, although after World War I some of the activities of the pechalbars were practiced only within the region of Visok. In the late 19th and the early 20th century, those people had already created a significant part of the national building heritage. The specimens of the activity of the pechalbar-masons preserved on both sides of the border bear record of the routes of this transfer as well as of the transformations in the life of the Stara planina villages caused by this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay we seek to analyse the masons' marks from the church of S. Gens de Boelhe and answer some questions related to the construction of the monument and its builders. The systematic analysis of a building's mason marks can provide informations related with the number of masons that worked in a particular building and the stages and rhythms of its construction. A systematic gliptographic survey may also allow to foresee regional or national movement of groups of masons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Masonic Library of The Alliance of United Grand Lodges of Serbia collects publications related to Freemasonry and topics related to its spiritual values as well as the works of writers belonging to this secular fraternity. As far as it is known, it is the fi rst and only (registered) Masonic library in the region. The library is located in the Temple of The Alliance of United Grand Lodges of Serbia in Belgrade. It is a special library of general type. The library is a part of the unified library-information system of the Republic of Serbia and the international association of Masonic Libraries and Museums (Masonic Library and Museum Association - MLMA). The library fund has not yet been inventoried or processed. It can be used by the members of the Lodge, and under certain conditions, by interested researchers. Based on reliable sources and personal insights, the author gives information about the library fund, its organization and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Masons have the highest rate of overexertion injuries among all construction trades and rank second for occupational back injuries in the United States. Identified ergonomic solutions are the primary method of reducing exposure to risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. However, many construction workers lack knowledge about these solutions, as well as basic ergonomic principles. Construction apprentices, as they embark on their careers, are greatly in need of ergonomics training to minimize the cumulative exposure that leads to musculoskeletal disorders. Apprentices receive safety training; however, ergonomics training is often limited or non-existent. In addition, apprenticeship programs often lack “soft skills” training on how to appropriately respond to work environments and practices that are unsafe. The SAVE program – SAfety Voice for Ergonomics – strives to integrate evidence-based health and safety training strategies into masonry apprenticeship skills training to teach ergonomics, problem solving, and speaking up to communicate solutions that reduce musculoskeletal injury risk. The central hypothesis is that the combination of ergonomics training and safety voice promotion will be more effective than no training or either ergonomics training alone or safety voice training alone. Methods/design Following the development and pilot testing of the SAVE intervention, SAVE will be evaluated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial at 12 masonry training centers across the U.S. Clusters of apprentices within centers will be assigned at random to one of four intervention groups (n = 24 per group): (1) ergonomics training only, (2) safety voice training only, (3) combined ergonomics and safety voice training, or (4) control group with no additional training intervention. Outcomes assessed at baseline, at the conclusion of training, and then at six and 12 months post training will include: musculoskeletal symptoms, general health perceptions, knowledge of ergonomic and safety voice principles, and perception and attitudes about ergonomic and safety voice issues. Discussion Masons continue to have a high rate of musculoskeletal disorders. The trade has an expected increase of 40 % in the number of workers by 2020. Therefore, a vetted intervention for apprentices entering the trade, such as SAVE, could reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders currently plaguing the trade. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02676635 , 2 February 2016

The main dangerous and harmful factors of production in construction with stone work were analyzed, taking into account the features of this kind of economic activity. The occupational risk in the performance of stone works was evaluated.

Copyright of Croatica Christina Periodica is the property of Croatica Christiana Periodica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Masons have the highest rate of overexertion injuries among all construction trades and rank second for occupational back injuries in the United States. Identified ergonomic solutions are the primary method of reducing exposure to risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. However, many construction workers lack knowledge about these solutions, as well as basic ergonomic principles. Construction apprentices, as they embark on their careers, are greatly in need of ergonomics training to minimize the cumulative exposure that leads to musculoskeletal disorders. Apprentices receive safety training; however, ergonomics training is often limited or non-existent. In addition, apprenticeship programs often lack "soft skills" training on how to appropriately respond to work environments and practices that are unsafe. The SAVE program - SAfety Voice for Ergonomics - strives to integrate evidence-based health and safety training strategies into masonry apprenticeship skills training to teach ergonomics, problem solving, and speaking up to communicate solutions that reduce musculoskeletal injury risk. The central hypothesis is that the combination of ergonomics training and safety voice promotion will be more effective than no training or either ergonomics training alone or safety voice training alone.Methods/design: Following the development and pilot testing of the SAVE intervention, SAVE will be evaluated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial at 12 masonry training centers across the U.S. Clusters of apprentices within centers will be assigned at random to one of four intervention groups (n = 24 per group): (1) ergonomics training only, (2) safety voice training only, (3) combined ergonomics and safety voice training, or (4) control group with no additional training intervention. Outcomes assessed at baseline, at the conclusion of training, and then at six and 12 months post training will include: musculoskeletal symptoms, general health perceptions, knowledge of ergonomic and safety voice principles, and perception and attitudes about ergonomic and safety voice issues.Discussion: Masons continue to have a high rate of musculoskeletal disorders. The trade has an expected increase of 40 % in the number of workers by 2020. Therefore, a vetted intervention for apprentices entering the trade, such as SAVE, could reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders currently plaguing the trade.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02676635 , 2 February 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russians, the Masons, the Marshal and other Crossroads of Romanian Historiography by Mihai Dimitrie Sturdza is one of the most important books about Romanian modern and contemporary historiography, because it is based on documents to which no other Romanian historian had access, including the telegrams of the ambassador of France in Romania addressed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France during the years after the end of WWII. With validation supplied by several reliable sources, the Romanian history of the last 200 years is set in a new perspective, changing the image which even important historians had about King Michael I, about the Germans and the Russians during WWI, about some aspects of the history of Bucovina during the Austrian domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role played by construction workers, that is to say carpenters and masons, throughout the Germanías (brotherhood) conflict. This revolt took place in Majorca between 1521 and 1523 and it is used as a milestone that ends the Late Middle Ages. It also marked a turning point in the political and social evolution of the island. This article deals with the extent of the involvement of construction workers in the conflict, taking into account the subversive actions they committed, as well as the positions held by them during the revolt. Our work focuses on how these craftsmen dedicated their expertise and professional services to the Germanian cause, in order to demonstrate not only the varied building activity there was, but also how this activity managed to adapt to a time of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The builders imagine through their sensitive responses a generic humanity. They are masons by spiritual vocation, actually emissaries of the anonymous crowd. Manole's journeymen stay for the dramatic swing between the ideal and egotism, which precedes the collective creation of a miracle, if committed in the name of humanity. The third mason, while explaining the work of art, metamorphoses it from an aesthetic to a religious asset. The sixth mason is the most outlined of all builders for he carries out a separate part that is to constantly gainsay Manole, to incite to insubordination and rebellion. The eighth mason is fully aware of the outstanding artistic accomplishment of all builders, their edifice about to become a cultural and even political symbol of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] This study analyzes 141 recordable incidents that occurred over a period of 3years in a large masonry company. [•] Overexertions were the most frequent incidents. Slips/trips/falls at same level resulted in the most days away from work. [•] Laying block, material handling and scaffold erection/dismantling were the activities with the most incidents. [•] Incidents during scaffold erection/dismantling and material handling resulted in the most days away from work. [•] The laborers of the masonry crews had significantly higher incident rates than the masons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mira is the perfect purity where the demonic of the master mason has no access. The craftsman's wife is the embodiment of innocence, the heavenly depiction of mankind as opposed to demonic Manole. "Serenity" and "light" are words that repeatedly occur in her monologue thus suggesting the plenitudine of being she is about to conceive when she would be raising into the light her perfect precious, the church. Gaman is the embodiment and the expression of the dark, ancient faith of the earth's powers. The very appearance of the character in the story of the play seems to be part of a different logic, the fabulosity, the heresy, "fairy-tale like figure". He utters the words dissonantly and links the sentences into texts that have seemingly no logic for he professes a magic ritual, usually unconsciously, while falling into a trance, ecstatically, mediated by sleeping commonly. Through this ritual he enables the connection with another world, that of the powers of the earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]