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This research examines the role of food aid providers, including their spatial engagement, in seeking to alleviate urban food poverty. Current levels of urban poverty across the UK have resulted in an unprecedented demand for food aid. Yet, urban poverty responsibility increasingly shifts away from policymakers to the third sector. Building on Castilhos and Dolbec's notion of segregating space and original qualitative research with food aid organisations, we show how social supermarkets emerge as offering a type of transitional space between the segregating spaces of foodbanks and the market spaces of mainstream food retailers. This research contributes to existing literature by establishing the concept of transitional space, an additional type of space that facilitates movement between types of spaces and particularly transitions from the segregating spaces of emergency food aid to more secure spaces of food access. In so doing, this research extends Castilhos and Dolbec's typology of spaces, enabling a more nuanced depiction of the spatiality of urban food poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses both the theoretical and the applied aspects of the formation of a mechanism for managing the adaptive development of industrial enterprises in the context of transformation of the economy. An analysis of the factors of influence has been carried out, the main of which is found to be the level of market prices for iron ore products, significantly depending on fluctuations in exchange rates. Taking into account the need to adapt the totality of operations in the foreign and domestic markets of iron ore products to fluctuations in the exchange rate, the principle of proportionality of income from exported iron ore products and those consumed in the domestic market is proposed. It is determined that the introduction of elements of scientific and technological progress in the activities of iron ore enterprises is a prerequisite for their successful functioning in today’s crisis conditions of economic management. The urgency of introducing elements of scientific and technological progress in the formation of investment and innovation potential, margin of financial strength, level of labor productivity, etc., of an iron ore enterprise has been proved, and the importance of the sales potential of economic entities under modern conditions has been shown. Among the numerous methods and techniques for mathematical calculation of optimized indicators, the most expedient appears the use of modeling through iterative variation of the exchange rate to optimize the volume of exports and domestic consumption of iron ore products. It is specified that, taking into account the need for a margin of financial strength and balance of production and economic programs, this approach is the most appropriate in determining the directions for improving the efficiency of using the resource and production potential of an iron ore enterprise. A model for maximizing income from the sale of products of an iron ore enterprise in the foreign and domestic markets has been proposed, on the basis of which modeling of the value of exports and domestic consumption of iron ore products has been carried out.

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Copyright of Natural Gas & Oil is the property of Editorial Department of Natural Gas & Oil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new regionalism distinguishes itself from the old one that it has emerged from, amid new circumstances and is catalyzed by new impetus. Its appearance shows that the free-market economy is being challenged and that the market mechanism of resource allocation has again been taken over by political game. The United States and some major Western powers are attempting to secure their hegemony by minimizing spillover of critical technology and industry within controllable regions which would accelerate technological growth by creating effective market space. The battle over technology and industry is becoming the mainstream paradigm of major-country competition, which is being intensified by nation states’ concern over industrial security, techno-nationalism, and major-power politics — three main drivers of the new regionalism. While supporting globalization unswervingly, China has inevitably been affected by this widespread protectionism and is also embarking on the path of regional development. New regionalism could also provide another perspective to investigate the post-pandemic role of the Belt and Road Initiative and “dual circulation” strategy of China in order to consider the prospects of globalization.

In crisis conditions of entrepreneurial activity and in the conditions of instability of the market environment, the issue of providing flexibility to the iron and steel enterprises management system becomes of paramount importance in order to optimize their production programs and maximize profitability. The article generates a generalized sequence of phases of the life cycle of iron ore production for specific periods of its operation in certain sectors of the market space. The phases of the life cycle of iron ore products are planned, which are planned to be implemented on priority and, to some extent, unpredictable sectors of the market space. The conceptual provisions of the system of monitoring the situation in the strategic zones of management of the iron ore enterprise have been developed, which allows solving the cardinal issues related to long-term forecasting taking into account adjustment of strategic goals and ways of their achievement in the field of modernization, technical re-equipment, reconstruction, reengineering, reorganization, reforming, restructuring of the iron ore enterprise.

Key message: Chestnut timber is a resource that has so far been underestimated. The production of laminated chestnut beams represents important progress; it is necessary to check its market performances and the opportunities offered from non-market characteristics. To ensure competitiveness margins in the future, dedicated chestnut timber policy is required. Context: European Union policies for sustainable development converge towards the enhancement of forest resources. Hypothesis: enlargement of the range of wood products and increase in timber products usage can only be achieved if these products are more competitive than conventional. Aims: With respect to conifer timber, chestnut timber has competitive characteristics. However, chestnut timber has had very few opportunities for market development in the last decades. As result of its competitiveness margins, the laminated chestnut beams process has recently developed. For this product, a conventional market or competitiveness space has been established as well as its extension in relation to non-market characteristics. Methods: Market space has been defined by determining the producer’s reserve price limits, using the cost approach criteria; the consumer’s upper limit, using the market comparison approach; the expansion of the upper limit for the non-market characteristics, the environmentally friendly consumer price, determined through interviews with a sample of responsible consumers. Results: Limits are: the producer’s reserve price is 752.68 €/m3; the consumer’s reserve price is 918.77 €/m3; in the main regional market (Rome district), the environmentally friendly consumer’s price is 1164.08 €/m3. Conclusion: Knowledge of the various market limits of chestnut timber allows producers to assess its competitive margins. Conservation over time of these margins, however, requires dedicated governance, as well as the adoption of a forest strategy aimed at promoting the timber production quality and a marketing plan to promote the knowledge of the characteristics of chestnut wood (market and non-market characteristics) and increase the number of responsible consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global market, food sales are connected with two opposing trends. On one hand, new markets are appearing and the number of suppliers is increasing as well as the range of goods. On the other hand, the growth in the number of producers means intensification of competition. Local food producers have to deal with the optimal location problem for their outlets, taking into account potential and existing competitors. The solution to the problem can be based on spatial competition theory conclusions particularly using some spatial competition models. The given methodology is chosen for the research purposes. The article gives some definitions of such concept as «economic space» and «spatial competition», which enables the analysis and helps find disadvantages of the existing spatial competition models. The agent's economic space is created for differentiation of interests and is a result of the competition. Spatial competition is an imperfect competition of producers (dealers) for the share of market space by means of price tools. Some regressions are built to look into relations between the number and density of firms and the number and density of population in the cities. The analysis is based on real data about shops' locations in Siberia Federal District. It is found that there is not any dependence between wages and the number and density of population in the cities. The built regressions show that additional centripetal forces exist in the cities. It means that simple theoretical models of spatial competition describe the reality inaccurately and it's more useful to apply more sophisticated models. So, the competition level depends on the agent's location. The competition is decreasing near administrative borders because the price is higher due to transport costs. However, diminishing of transport costs can lead to the concentration of production in large markets or near them.

In this essay, we develop a typology of spaces. We highlight the broader dynamics at play in the structuring of space and its role in marketing and propose that spaces can be characterized as either public, market, emancipating, or segregating. These four types of space are structured along two main dynamics: a contradiction between contestation and consensus and a contrariety opposing participation to privatization. For each type, we map out existing literature and research opportunities in the study of consumption, markets, and space. We also analyze the possible transitions between the spatial types following the transformations in the arrangement of forces in society. We offer a template of how to devise novel research opportunities by providing a detailed account of the dynamics at the center of the transition from public to market spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today’s extremely competitive markets it is crucial for companies to strategically position their brands, products and services relative to their competitors. With the emerging trend in internationalization of companies especially SME’s and the growing use of the Internet with this regard, great amount of attention has been turned to effective involvement of the Internet channel in the marketing mix of the companies. This has introduced a new term of market space (the Web) versus the traditional battleground of marketplace in which companies compete with each other. The growth of presence in the market space has been exponential, both in general and within specific industries. Thus bringing to attention the importance of Web presence and that it is crucial for companies to strategically regard competition in market space. It is important to understand that positioning on the Net is very different and requires its own set of strategies as part of the new marketing paradigm. This study goes towards addressing the need to understand and measure the nature of positioning of company Web sites on the Internet. The aim of the study is to introduce a statistical technique to compare the positioning of Web sites, in and across industries. With this regard a group of Web sites from the home appliances manufacturing industry was selected and the technique of correspondence analysis was applied to produce maps which can be studied and interpreted. The results indicated that either based on company strategies or accidentally, these Web sites are positioned differently and may follow or affect different marketing policies of their owners. At the end, the implications of this technique for management and how it can be used by new home appliance manufacturers or those who want to compare their sites with the ones of their competitors, in order to benchmark and/or revise their policies and strategies have been discussed .

In this paper, we study spatial competition in the U.S. audit market while accounting for its two-tiered nature. We provide evidence on the differential impact that market share distances within and between the players in the large and small audit markets have on competition. We find that the market share distance from small audit firm competitors has a greater effect on the Big 4's audit fees than distances from other Big 4 competitors. This finding suggests that small audit firms play a significant part in the competitive landscape in local markets. Further, we find that audit fees are increasing with the distance between a small audit firm and its closest competing small audit firm while audit fees are decreasing with the distance between a small audit firm and its closest competing large audit firm. This suggests that while obtaining separation in market space from competing small audit firms reduces competitive pressure from other small audit firms, as a small audit firm gets closer to the market space of a large audit firm it is perceived as being more like the larger audit firm and is able to obtain a fee premium like that attained by the larger audit firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The case study evaluates debates over street markets in urban retail economies. [•] Vendors use the spatial features of street markets to reproduce informal industry institutions. [•] Market institutions are based on business practice taking place in spaces of retail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Traditional marketing legacy systems containing established members, roles, norms, and rules tend to be closed vertical systems exhibiting characteristics of rule, norm, and boundary stability. Consumer behavior drives the development of marketing mixes. The fundamental power and promise of e-commerce is to transform consumer behavior. The more efficient adjustment of discrepancies between supply and demand offered by e-commerce enables ubiquitous market space (u-commerce). Ubiquitous consumption is the ability to access and consume goods and services anytime and anyplace. Ubiquity in consumption demands a more fluid marketing mix evidenced by a dynamic networked open system consisting of shifting alliances, loosely defined boundaries, and tightly integrated processes. The concept of u-commerce is examined and implications for marketing managers and academics are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]