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The roots of sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) contai n astringent that can be used to treat diarrhea for infants. However, the active antibacterial substance in sawo kecik roots has not been known. Therefore, the research to understand the antimicrobial activity of sawo kecik roots extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Sawo kecik roots were macerated using methanol and chloroform. The result was then treated with E.coli and S.aureus with a concentration of 5 ppm and compared to negative control (solvent) and further observed and analyzed how reduced the bacterial growth with Two Ways ANOVA without interaction . The research result s indicated that the sawo kecik roots methanol extract was effective to slow down the growth of S.aureus ( 0.160 ± 0.007) but ineffective against E.coli , w hereas sawo kecik roots chloroform extract was not effective to reduce both bacteria. It can be concluded that further research is required to measure and verify the antibacterial activity of the extract using higher concentration samples and different research methodology.

Manilkara kauki L. Dubard is a tropical plant in the genus Manilkara of family Sapotaceae. This study investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant and antityrosinase activities in different parts of M. kauki (fruits, leaves, seeds, stem barks and woods) and in fractions of stem barks. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the methanol and aqueous crude extracts of different parts of M. kauki ranged from 10.87 to 176.56 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) per gram of crude extract and 14.33 to 821.67 mg QE (quercetin equivalents) per gram of crude extract, resp. Leaves and stem barks exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities than fruits, seeds and woods. Stem barks were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and then the fractionated extracts were subjected to antioxidant and antityrosinase activities testing. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of stem barks exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antityrosinase activities than the n-hexane and aqueous extracts. Moreover, ethyl acetate extract of M. kauki stem exhibited the highest antityrosinase activity. It may be a potential source of tyrosinase inhibitors for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi dan konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) dan daun sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) terhadap zona hambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan metode difusi cakram dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) dan daun sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) berpotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) yang terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans yaitu pada konsentrasi 80% dengan diameter zona hambat 1,62 mm. Ekstrak daun sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) yang terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans yaitu pada konsentrasi 80% dengan besar zona hambat 3,96 mm.

Tropical trees are a source of secondary metabolite compounds that have various biological activities that can help human life both for industrial and pharmaceutical needs. One of the secondary metabolites is polyisoprenoid. This study aims to identify and analyze polyisoprenoid compounds quantitatively from tropical fruit trees at the Universitas Sumatera Utara. Nine samples of tropical fruit were obtained, namely: Psidium guajava, Tamarindus indica, Manilkara kauki, Morinda citrifolia, Mangifera indica, Artocarpus communis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Gmelina arborea, and Syzygium aqueum. Each sample was extracted and isolated the polyisoprenoid alcohol, then analyzed using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The polyisoprenoid in fruit samples found at the Universitas Sumatera Utara was a type II and III polyisoprenoid compound. The total lipid values ranged from 48.7 mg/g dw to 262.9 mg/g dw, polyisoprenoids ranged from 1.2 mg/g dw to 9.5 mg/g dw, and polyprenols ranged from 0.5 mg/g dw to 5.7 mg/g dw. Carbon chain length and dolichol polyprenol lengths of each fruit were collected (Psidium guajava L.) (C70 C80), (Tamarindus indica L.) (C80 C95), (Manilkara kauki L.) (C80 C95 and C70 C90), (Morinda citrifolia L.) (C75 C100), (Mangifera indica L.) (C80 C90 and C75 C90), (Artocarpus communis) (C75 C95), (Artocarpus heterophyllus) (C70 C75 and C70 C100), (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) (C90 C95), and (Syzygium aqueum) (C65 C90 and C75 C90).

The germination process is influenced by external and internal factors including the type of seed. Hard seeds require special treatment in stimulating the germination process such as scarification and stratification (for example applying exogenous hormones to seeds during the germination process). This study aimed to describe the effect of exogenous gibberellin hormone extracted from Eichhornia crassipes root on the viability and duration of germination of three different hard seeds. This study used RBD (Randomized Block Design) with two treatment factors, namely root extract concentration from Eichhornia crassipes (0 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, and 500 ppm) and hard seed types (sapodilla seeds =Annona muricata, soursop seeds =Manilkara kauki, and longan seeds = Dimocarpus longan) with three replications. The observed parameters for seed viability were germination percentage and vigour index, while duration of germination parameters was germination index. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan Test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the root-extracted gibberellin concentrations and types of seeds on viability and duration of germination seeds. The optimal concentration of root-extracted from Eichhornia crassipes was 500 ppm, with the highest germination percentage, vigour index, and germination index were 80.55%, 387.33%, and 0.254%/etmal respectively. The longan seeds revealed the best viability and shortest duration of germination due to applying the exogenous gibberellin hormone extracted from Eichhornia crassipes root. The findings revealed that there was a positive synergism between exogenous and endogenous gibberellin on the effect of germination process in three different hard seeds tested.

Application of supercritical carbon dioxide in particle modification showed promising results due to less toxic solvent used and its relatively easy alteration on particle characteristic. Unfortunately, the use of this technology in herbal drugs or extracts is still limited. This research studied a new approach of herbal drugs processing technology. The micronization of Manilkara kauki L. Dubard's leaf extract (DLBS2347) using supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) was conducted with carbon dioxide as anti-solvent. Experiment results showed that type of solvents, pressure, temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) mol fraction influenced its morphology and active compound concentration. Polar solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol and ethanol produced sticky particle due to hygroscopic nature of simple carbohydrate that present in the product. Acetone precipitation of DLBS2347 has the highest active compound concentration. Lower pressure, temperature and CO2 mol fraction resulted small particle size (

Standard method in physical and physiological quality testing is very imprortant to support a controlling system of distributed seed quality by certification that will provide a guarantee to prosedure; distributor, and user. Five seed lot of sawo kecil (Manilkara kauki) from Mokmer (Bali), Benoa (Bali), Lombar (Lombok), Kaliurang (Yogyakarta) and Alas Purwo (Banyuwangi) were used to identify the best method for moisture content and germination testing. Completely randomized design was applied to determine the best method for moisture content testing. The treatments in selection of the appropriateMethod were oven method on the temperature 130 – 133 o C (1-,2-,3-, and 4 hours) and temperature 103 ± 2 0 C (16-,18-,20-,22-, and haours). The selection of germination method used completely randomized design with 3 factors of treatment, i.e. sowing media, pretreatment, and germination condition. The result showed that oven method at temperature 103 +_20C for 24 hours and at temperature 130-1330 C 4 hours provided the best result for seed moisture content testing. For seed germination testing, seeds sowed on the sand media with drying-wetting pretreatmen for 3 days on the germination box covered by transparent plastic provided the best germination capacity and speed toward 5 seed lots. The methods can be considered to be appied in the testing of moisture conten and germination of sawo kecik seeds.

Mimusops kauki Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 349. 1753. "Habitat in Zeylona." RCN: 2676. Lectotype (Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 87. 1895): Herb. Hermann 1: 35, No. 137 (BM-000594466). Current name: Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard (Sapotaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M), pp. 651-689 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 678, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971