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Ovassiminea hayasei n. sp. is described from mangrove swamps in Iriomote and Ishigaki Islands, of the Yaeyama Islands at the southwestern part of the Ryūkyū Archipelago, Okinawa, Japan. This is the northernmost record among recent species of the genus Ovassiminea Thiele, 1927, which is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Western Pacific. The new species is known to be restricted to extremely narrow ranges and is evaluated as vulnerable in red lists by the governments of Japan and Okinawa Prefecture. A list of all available (five recent and five fossil) species names of Ovassiminea hitherto described, with synonymies, is also given as an Appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meticulous experimental investigation was conducted to study the response pattern of monocrystalline photovoltaic technology to relative humidity and temperature under distinct wavelengths under the mangrove swamp atmosphere in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, by in-situ measurement approach using a precision digital hygrometer, precision digital infrared gun thermometer and an intelligent photovoltaic panel maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to track and determine the maximum power, voltage and current produced by the photovoltaic (PV) technology at a particular panel temperature and humidity level. The result reveals that 100% efficiency from the PV technology may not be possible with the various wavelengths aside from the natural spectrum because the humidity level will have to drop below 10% for 100% efficiency to be achieved. However, under the natural spectrum the results revealed that the PV technology could attain 100% efficiency at a humidity level of 35%. The results also reveal that an increase in efficiency as temperature rises is not indefinite as there is a threshold temperature above which the efficiency will begin to drop for all wavelengths. Results of the study reveal that under the natural and red wavelengths, the maximum efficiency that could be attained is 62% and 41% respectively at a threshold of 440C. With the orange wavelength, 46% efficiency is possible at a threshold of 44.70C. With the lemon, green and violet wavelengths, the maximum efficiency that could be attained is 50%, 40% and 44% respectively at a threshold of approximately 430C. While 43% and 48% efficiency is possible with the blue and peach filter at a threshold of 40.50C and 42.30C respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meticulous experimental investigation was conducted to study the response pattern of monocrystalline photovoltaic technology to relative humidity and temperature under distinct wavelengths under the mangrove swamp atmosphere in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, by in-situ measurement approach using a precision digital hygrometer, precision digital infrared gun thermometer and an intelligent photovoltaic panel maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to track and determine the maximum power, voltage and current produced by the photovoltaic (PV) technology at a particular panel temperature and humidity level. The result reveals that 100% efficiency from the PV technology may not be possible with the various wavelengths aside from the natural spectrum because the humidity level will have to drop below 10% for 100% efficiency to be achieved. However, under the natural spectrum the results revealed that the PV technology could attain 100% efficiency at a humidity level of 35%. The results also reveal that an increase in efficiency as temperature rises is not indefinite as there is a threshold temperature above which the efficiency will begin to drop for all wavelengths. Results of the study reveal that under the natural and red wavelengths, the maximum efficiency that could be attained is 62% and 41% respectively at a threshold of 440C. With the orange wavelength, 46% efficiency is possible at a threshold of 44.70C. With the lemon, green and violet wavelengths, the maximum efficiency that could be attained is 50%, 40% and 44% respectively at a threshold of approximately 430C. While 43% and 48% efficiency is possible with the blue and peach filter at a threshold of 40.50C and 42.30C respectively.

Coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean are vulnerable to pollution from land-based activities with possible impacts to human health. Ten heavy metals in the blue land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, harvested from the Caroni Swamp, Trinidad, were investigated in the wet and dry seasons. Metal concentrations (µg g-1 dry weight) in crab tissue were: As (0.15−6.46), Ba (0.69–19.64), Cd (< 0.001–3.36), Cr (0.63−3.64), Cu (26.64−120.31), Hg (0.09–1.83), Ni (1.21−9.33), Se (0.19–1.55), V (0.16–0.69) and Zn (121.06–494.3). There were seasonal differences in the concentration of some heavy metals and, Cu and Zn exceeded the local maximum permissible levels for fish and shellfish at several sites in either one or both seasons. Health risk assessment based on estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient and hazard index revealed that Cardisoma guanhumi harvested from the Caroni Swamp, does not pose a health risk to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ligninolytic fungi derived from coastal and marine environments, particularly mangrove swamps, are considered potential sources of novel enzymes with unique properties (thermostability, high-redox potential, salt and pH tolerance) not found in terrestrial strains, which are very attractive for the development of effective solutions for the elimination of contamination caused by the textile industry. In this study, the isolation and ligninolytic screening of 73 fungal strains derived from mangrove swamps were achieved. Ten strains showed ligninolytic potential, among which, the basidiomycete identified as INV BAS1 (Cyphellaceae family) exhibited outstanding laccase activity (11873.8 ± 329.0 UL−1). The laccase production was enhanced (5-fold) by optimizing the medium components concentration using a statistical design that combined the one factor at a time method and a central composite rotational design (CCRD), under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Decolorization of the recalcitrant textile dye Remazol Briliant Blue R (RBBR) was carried out through fermentation and the use of enzyme extracts, reaching decolorization percentages of up to 95.64 ± 1.28 %, under alkaline and high salinity conditions. The laccase activity in the bulk extracts was the major responsible for the RBBR degradation according to gel zymography, UV-Vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. These results contribute to the knowledge of fungal diversity in tropical mangroves and confirm their potential for the development of new bioremediation strategies in high-salt and alkaline effluents generated by the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbial assemblage and occurrence in the gut, flesh and shell of Cardisoma armatum, from the tropical mangrove swamp of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, was analysed using standard microbiological techniques. The crab gut had the highest total heterotrophic bacteria count and total coliform count with respective significant (p<0.05) values of 6.90 ± 0.16 x10 4CFU g -1 and 3.45 ± 0.12 x10 ²CFU g -1. Total feacal coliform of the crabs were 0.05 ± 0.00 x10 ²CFU g -1, 0.01 ± 0.00 x10 ²Cfu g -1 and 0.01 ± 0.00 x10 ²CFU g -1 in gut, flesh and shell, respectively. Highest total fungal count of 7.50 ± 0.04 x10 ³CFU g -1 was recorded in the crab shell. The bacteria and fungi species isolated and their frequencies of occurrences in percentage were: Bacillus sp. (21.4 %), Citrobacter sp. (3.6 %) Enterobacter sp. (7.1 %), Escherichia coli (10.7 %), Klesiellia pneumonia (17.9 %), Providencia sp. (3.6 %), Serratia sp. (10.7 %), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7 %), S. epidermis (7.1 %), Vibrio sp. (7.1 %), Aspergillus flavus (8.6 %), Aspergillus fumigatu (5.7 %), Aspergillus niger (40.0 %), Fusarium sp. (14.3 %), Penicillium sp. (5.7 %) and Saccharomyces sp. (25.7 %). The isolation rates in the different anatomical sites of the crab follow the order: guts > flesh > shell and shell > flesh > guts for bacterial and fungi infestation respectively. The results of this study showed that the gercacinid crab, C. armatum in the tropical mangrove of Lagos harbours microorganisms including those that are pathogenic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first record for Anelosimus jucundus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 for the state of Ceará, Brazil. We collected 22 individuals in three different ecosystems: (1) Mangrove swamps, (2) Caatinga-type desert vegetation, and (3) Montane semi-deciduous tropical forest. We corrected the misinformation of Levi's 1963 Ceará record, was actually from the state of Pernambuco. Anelosimus jucundus presents a wide altitudinal distribution, which indicates that this species can tolerate a variety climatic conditions and can colonize a variety of sites with different vegetation.

Surface water samples were collected at a frequency of once monthly for a period of 18 months; February 2013- July 2014, from several points on the Falcorp mangrove swamp, Ijala, Warri, Delta State. The abstracted samples were subjected to several physical and chemical analyses which were conducted in accordance with referenced procedures. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis and multivariate analysis using Microsoft excel, SPSS version 16.0 and PAST respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) across the stations; Stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively for pH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, DO, BOD5, TSS, Turbidity, Chloride, Salinity, Sulphate, Nitrate, Hardness, Ca, Ma, Zn, Cd and Pb. There were significant difference (P<0.05) across the 5 stations for the following parameters; TDS, Bi-carbonate, Phosphate, Fe and Cu. The mean concentrations of most of the physical and chemical parameters in the surface water with the exception of pH were below acceptable WHO limits for portable water. The water quality index (WQI) at stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ranged from 8.45-24.9, 8.31- 23.95, 8.36-16.26, 8.24-10.11 and 8.43-23.58 respectively. The Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data sets yielded 35 variables under 22 components with Eigenvalues < 1 (PC1-PC6) and >1 (PC7-PC22). There was a positive correlation between pH, water temperature, TDS, EC, TSS, turbidity, Cl, HCO3, salinity, SO4, hardness, Ca, Mg, and Cd whilst a negative relationship existed between DO, BOD5, PO4, NO3, Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although information on the fauna of helminths of the shortfin molly Poecilia mexicana in freshwater environments is extensive, to date, there have been no studies on helminths that parasitize this fish in brackish water bodies. To increase the knowledge about the host-parasite association in this kind of habitats, during April 2014, 80 fish specimens of P. mexicana from 2 localities in Veracruz, Mexico, were examined for helminths: Arroyo Moreno (AM) and Laguna Mandinga (LM). Arroyo Moreno is an anthropogenically polluted mangrove swamp, and LM is a saline environment with low marine influence. The helminth species record in both fish populations included 9 taxa: 7 digeneans, 1 cestode, and 1 nematode, with 6,261 individuals, most of them collected in fishes from AM (5,768). In general, a high proportion of allogenic larval stages was observed, which agreed with the pattern observed in helminth fauna of tropic freshwater fish. In addition, these parasite assemblages were dominated by digeneans, worms that generally are numerically dominant in many helminth communities of freshwater fishes in Mexico. The euryhaline nature of P. mexicana establishes it as an adequate system to study the effects of salinity gradients focused on helminth communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove swamps are ecologically important ecosystems. Discerning the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove swamps is of great significance to their protection and management. Considering the tidal information, suitable I,andsat TM/OLI images were selected as the base remote sensing data. Based on field investigation and comparison analysis of the spectral characteristics of mangrove forests, mudflats, and Spartina in different seasons, the spatial distribution data of land cover type in the Quanzhou Bay Estuary Wetland Nature Reserve in 1990, 1997, 2005. 2010, and 2017 were obtained by an object-oriented classification method. The spatial and temporal dynamic characteristics and driving factors of mangrove forests were analyzed through a combination of dynamic degree, spatial overlay analysis, and centroid migration methods. The results showed that the classification accuracy and efficiency of the mangrove forest information extraction were improved based on the method used in the study, which had certain advantages and potential in mangrove forest information extraction. The area of mangrove forests increased significantly from 1990 to 2017 as a whole, despite a slight reduction from 1997 to 2005. During 2010--2017, the mangrove forest area increased the most, with a dynamic degree of 32.78%. Compared with other land cover types, the conversion area between Spartina as well as mudflat and mangrove forests was the largest, of which 4.70 hm2 mangrove forests was transferred to Spartina and mudflat from 1997 to 2005, and 178.60 hm2 Spartina and mudflat were converted into mangrove forests from 2010 to 2017. From 1990 to 2017, the oentroids of mangrove forests and Spartina migrated to the sea, and the distance between them increased. The threat of Spartina to mangrove forests gradually decreased. the forests forest area were related tomany aspects, among which natural environment change, exotic vegetation invasion, and development of the aquaculture industry negatively affected the existence and reproduction of mangrove forests, while the mangrove forest artificial afforestation project and invasive vegetation management positively affected it. The positive effects can neutralize or offset the negative effects to a large extent. Anthropogenic activities significantly affect mangrove swamp ecosystems via active protection. Thus, it is important to protect and manage mangrove swamps by continuing to earn.' out the mangrove forest artificial afforestation project, by controlling Spartina, and by establishing and perfecting the mangrove forest ecosystem monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agiabampo is a fishing community facing the lack of options for productive activities, which puts enormous pressure on natural resources. This paper aims to identify the areas with tourism potential through a participatory diagnosis to assess the relevance of such projects that contribute to sustainable development. It is located at coordinates 26 ° 21 'north latitude and 58''de 109 ° 08' 37 '' west longitude, down from 15 meters altitude. It is within the Ramsar site called "lagoon system Agiabampo-Bacorehuis-Rio Fuerte Old" also form part of the priority terrestrial region "Las Bocas" (RTP-21) and program CONABIO Areas of Importance for the Conservation of Birds (IBA), AICA 131 "Agiabampo". According to the rules of operation of CONAFOR (2009) for the tourist diagnosis proceeded to conduct the inventory and prioritization of natural and cultural resources, also five workshops with community residents and municipal authorities were carried out interviews semi structured with key players in the CONANP and three field trips to community guides. The identified natural attractions are the Horseshoe bay, cove San Lucas, Isla Bocanita Beach Baths, Bamocha Peninsula and Isle of ducks. The identified cultural appeal considered gastronomy, traditional medicine, crafts, customs and traditions. Two paths are proposed by the Laguna maritime lasts 3.5 hours, the Earth is Bamocha Peninsula lasting 3 hours. It is indisputable Agiabampo the potential to develop alternative tourism project due to its geographical location and natural and cultural attractions are there, allowing preserve and create jobs in the community.

A spatial characterization was undertaken to demonstrate the presence of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in surface waters (maximum depth of 0.5 m) in the Ciénaga de las Quintas mangrove swamp, located in the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. This characterization was geostatistical in nature, an approach that is little used in such studies, although it offers two‐dimensional profiles of the concentration of relevant contaminants (hexavalent chromium in this case) with concentrations between 3 and 9.2 μg/L. Sampling was carried out systematically on a square grid with a cell size of one ha (100 m × 100 m). To corroborate the relationship between the sample positions and concentrations, the Euclidean distance matrices of each variable were calculated previous step for conducting the Mantel test, which indicated a positive correlation between the distance and concentration of hexavalent chromium (R = 0,1674: p value = 0.1275). The Moran Index was also calculated for Cr (VI). The experimental semivariogram (γ)was also calculated and fit to the exponential theoretical model, with a correlation coefficient of 99.4%. Using this analytical model of variance, predictions of Cr (VI) concentrations were made for unsampled locations, using the Kriging method with a new mesh side of only 10 m. This approach indicated the new mesh points exhibiting the higher concentrations coincided with locations in the swamp that receiving sewage effluents from the Bazurto public grocery market and the Chinatown neighbourhood. The Cr (VI) contamination was of anthropogenic origin because its concentration displays a gradient from the zone of human activities to the Cartagena de Indias bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on field measurements from two typical intertidal transects at Dan’ao Estuary, groundwater-surface water and associated nutrient exchanges are quantified. Both groundwater discharge rate (39.1 ± 7.0 cm d −1 ) and surface water inflow rate (7.7 ± 1.4 cm d −1 ) at the upstream mangrove swamp transect are much higher than those (1.6 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.4 cm d −1 , respectively) at the downstream bare flat one. This large difference leads to their contrasting nitrogen forms. Much higher water exchange rates at the upstream transect generate much higher net dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, including NH 4 + , NO 2 - , and NO 3 - ), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved silicate (DSi) fluxes (− 160.3 ± 39.2, − 14.6 ± 2.7, − 38.6 ± 7.0 mmol m −2 d −1 , respectively) than those (2.9 ± 0.9, − 0.08 ± 0.03, 1.1 ± 0.4 mmol m −2 d −1 , respectively) at the downstream one. The mangrove swamp at the upstream transect discharges substantial groundwater and associated nutrients to the estuary. The net nutrient loads by water exchange in this estuary can reach 23.5–78.7% of those by local river discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has observed a rapid advancement in utilising biological system towards bioremediation of metal ions in the form of respective metal nanostructures or microstructures. The process may also be adopted for respective metal nanoparticle biofabrication. Among different biological methods, bacteria‐mediated method is gaining great attention for nanoparticle fabrication due to their eco‐friendly and cost‐effective process. In the present study, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) was synthesised via continuous biofabrication using Aeromonas veronii, isolated from swamp wetland of Sunderban, West Bengal, India. The biofabricated AgNP was further purified to remove non‐conjugated biomolecules using size exclusion chromatography, and the purified AgNPs were characterised using UV–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the presence of proteins as capping and stabilising agents was confirmed by the amide‐I and amide‐II peaks in the spectra obtained using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The size of biofabricated AgNP was 10–20 nm, as observed using TEM. Additionally, biofabricated AgNP shows significant antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus. Hence, biofabricated AgNP using Aeromonas veronii, which found resistant to a significant concentration of Ag ion, showed enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to commercially available AgNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mangrove crab Ucides occidentalis, is a key specie in the mangrove for recycle up to 84% of its leaves, also it is the crab most exploited in the Tumbes region, so much so that its population has dramatically shrunk, to 35.8% in 11 years, this situation can lead to repopulation needs to be done, which to be done properly requires knowledge of their population genetics. In this study we sought to determine the polymorphism, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of U. occidentalis in the mangroves of Tumbes, based on the study of a 16S rRNA gene fragment. Of 38 U. occidentalis DNA samples collected from the mangrove Tumbes, we amplified and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene fragments, which when analyzed showed polymorphism (polymorphism rate of 52.64%), a high genetic diversity (indicated by the high number of haplotypes: 16 and haplotype diversity: 0.721; and the average of differences in nucleotide: 1.677 and nucleotide diversity: 0.00381), and a low population genetic structure (assessed by MANOVA with genetic variability among populations of 11%). Similarly, it became clear that there was no relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance (Pearson correlation coefficient Mantel test, r = -0.003). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at determining the in vitro antimicrobial activity of alkaliphilic and halotolerant actinomycetes isolated from a mangrove ecosystem and identification of a potent strain. Twenty five isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from the sediment samples of Valapattanam mangrove swamp in Kerala, India. Antimicrobial activity of four selected actinomycete isolates was determined against bacterial and fungal pathogens of nosocomial origin by agar well diffusion method. Molecular characterization of the potent isolate was performed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Isolate no I-1 significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (12 mm), S. aureus (15±0.05 mm), S. citreus (20±0.5 mm), Bacillus cereus (17±0.2 mm) and Serratia marcescens (12 mm). It also demonstrated effective antifungal action against Penicillium sp. (12±0.2 mm), Candida albicans (20±0.5 mm), C. parapsilosis (12 mm) and Cryptococcus neoformans (12 mm). Morphological study revealed that all the isolated actinomycetes belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Based on 16S rDNA sequence data, the selected isolate I-1 was shown to be closely related to Streptomyces xiamenensis. The results revealed that the mangrove ecosystem of Valapattanam harboured a rich consortium of many potent actinomycetes, which could synthesize novel bioactive compounds of pharmacological significance.

Araçá Bay, located in the city of São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil, is a protected area of substantial complexity. It represents the last remaining mangrove swamp preserve between the cities of Bertioga and Ubatuba on the northern coast of São Paulo State. This mangrove swamp has specific physical and chemical properties, and it shelters a wide variety of life, including fungi. These microorganisms are present in a variety of species with different morphophysiological features, and they have the ability to produce enzymes of biotechnological importance. The goal of this study was to quantify, isolate, and identify filamentous fungi in water and sediment samples from the Araçá Bay mangrove swamp in São Sebastião. Two samplings were performed in the summer and two were performed in the winter. The samples were collected from intertidal zones, and dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH were measured in situ. The spread plate technique was used to inoculate the samples collected on plates with a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. A total of 208 colonies (68 from water samples and 140 from sediment samples) were isolated, and they were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Filamentous fungus density was higher in the sediment than in the water, and the samplings performed in the winter revealed a higher density than those performed in the summer. Though some of the environmental parameters were not ideal for fungal development, a high quantity of growth was nevertheless observed. When the isolated colonies were analyzed, the greatest diversity and species richness were found in the summer samples. The genera identified in all of the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The pathogenic species found from these genera were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, and P. chrysogenum. These species are also able to produce enzymes that offer a variety of applications. The fungal community described herein represents the diversity found in this mangrove swamp during the period studied. Many of the fungus species found are pathogenic and may be useful due to their ability to produce specific enzymes applicable in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overview of current knowledge on management of hydrocarbon pollution in mangroves. Mangrove forests are vital in terms of biomass production and maintenance of the natural balance in coastal areas in the tropics. However, mangroves are subject to pollution from human activities. Oil pollution is one of the causes leading to the decline of mangroves, which represent only 1% of the area of all the world's tropical forests. Several techniques are available for the remediation of oil contaminated areas. Biodegradation appears to be the best suited to mangrove ecosystems. However this technique remains confined to the laboratory. Field tests in situ need to be conducted in order to evaluate the results obtained in the laboratory.

An analysis of the population structure of the tanaid Sinelobus cf. stanfordi was performed at Pinheiros River mangrove, Guaratuba Bay, Paraná State, southern Brazil (25°49′S 48°34′W). Fifteen samples of 12 × 12 cm were obtained bimonthly from the surface of galleries (interconnected burrow complex) constructed by the adult mangrove crab Ucides cordatus from June 2007 to April 2008. The carapace length (CL) of a total of 714 tanaids was measured. Tanaids were divided into four demographic categories: males (M), ovigerous females (OV), preparatory females (PREP) and non-reproductive individuals (NREP) with a mean CL of 0.55, 0.49, 0.48 and 0.43 mm, respectively. In the NREP group, specimens smaller than 0.32 mm were classified as juveniles. NREP predominated in all sampling months, and among sexually mature individuals, a strong predominance of females was observed throughout the study period. Temporal fluctuations in abundance were observed, with a peak in August 2007. The reproductive period of this species is continuous, with a peak in the summer, like most S. cf. stanfordi populations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The females of the moths Hylesia metabus have their abdomens covered by urticating hairs looking like micro-arrows and causing a puriginous dermatitis to humans known as “papillonite” in French Guiana and also called yellowtail moth dermatitis or Caripito itch. The densities of the moths show great seasonal and annual variations depending on mechanisms mostly unknown. When H. metabus infestations occur, numerous cases of dermatologic manifestations are reported from people living near the mangrove swamps where the moths are developing. One hundred years after the first “papillonite” epidemic reported from French Guiana in 1912, the data presented herein summarize the actual state of knowledge on H. metabus biology and ecology and on the lepidopterism. Some recommendations are proposed for the surveillance and warning systems of H. metabus infestations and to avoid contact with the moths. Research priorities are suggested to improve the control against this problem emerging between nuisance and public health.