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Sense of coherence supports human well-being by using internal and external resources to cope with stress and maintain health. The study was conducted in Qom, Iran from June to October 2022 explored the relationship between sense of coherence and quality of life in elderly Iranians. 300 older adults from a retirement center entered the study via the convenience sampling. Questionnaires of socio-demographic information, quality of life, and sense of coherence were used to collect and analyze the data. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The majority of participants were male (77.3%) and married (88.7%), and they had a mean age of 64.4 (SD = 5.72) years. Comprehensibility (β = 0.15; P = 0.024), manageability (β = 0.19; P = 0.001), and meaningfulness (β = 0.20; P = 0.001) were associated with better quality of life after controlling for socio-demographic variables. The results indicated that the sense of coherence significantly predicts the quality of life among older adults. Future research should further investigate these findings in diverse populations and work towards developing effective interventions to enhance the quality of life of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Sense of coherence supports human well-being by using internal and external resources to cope with stress and maintain health. The study was conducted in Qom, Iran from June to October 2022 explored the relationship between sense of coherence and quality of life in elderly Iranians. 300 older adults from a retirement center entered the study via the convenience sampling. Questionnaires of socio-demographic information, quality of life, and sense of coherence were used to collect and analyze the data. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The majority of participants were male (77.3%) and married (88.7%), and they had a mean age of 64.4 (SD = 5.72) years. Comprehensibility (β = 0.15; P = 0.024), manageability (β = 0.19; P = 0.001), and meaningfulness (β = 0.20; P = 0.001) were associated with better quality of life after controlling for socio-demographic variables. The results indicated that the sense of coherence significantly predicts the quality of life among older adults. Future research should further investigate these findings in diverse populations and work towards developing effective interventions to enhance the quality of life of older adults.

The article is devoted to the study of the experience of young Russians in media volunteering, with the objective of identifying the potential of this type of prosocial activity and determining the conditions for its expansion among youth. The analysis of scientific literature and the results of a sociological survey of youth in the Sverdlovsk region aged 14 to 35 years enabled us to identify the factors and characteristics that facilitate the activation of the subjectivity of the youth in media volunteer initiatives. It was found that in order to increase the manageability of digital volunteering among youth, potential media volunteers must understand the value of their activities in the media. It is necessary to expand interaction not only between the organizers of volunteer activities and volunteers, but also between volunteers and beneficiaries. This condition is also connected with the need to broadcast in the public space both the initiatives themselves and the qualitative changes in the lives of beneficiaries that have occurred thanks to the help of media volunteers. The next important element is the choice of communication channel with potential volunteers. Social networks and online platforms are the most convenient and easy to use for both the organizers and the volunteers themselves. It has been demonstrated that if modern youth possess fundamental digital literacy skills, the primary motivation for participation in media volunteer initiatives among young Ural residents is the prospect of acquiring new knowledge and skills for their professional development. The study indicated that for the effective management of this type of volunteering, a supportive digital environment, which is currently being established in our country through the implementation of federal digital platforms, is crucial. Young Russians are well acquainted with both the "Dobro.RF" online platform and the online portal "We decide to". The results obtained can be used by organizers of social projects in the non-profit sector to improve the efficiency of recruiting young volunteers and expand their functionality.

The article examines the results of a 10-year period of active reform of the Moscow education system. The reforms began as an initiative of the federal government, and their implementation in Moscow had its own specifics. The measures to standardize the unified educational space, a new system of remuneration, per capita financing are described. Changes in the structure of the city's education management – the liquidation of district education departments, the unification of schools and kindergartens into educational complexes, the emergence of new functions for the school and its administration are analyzed from the point of view of the concept of change management. The main consequences of the reforms are the emergence of a socio-professional stratum of school administrators who adhere to a single system of values, as well as the reduction of social tension, the equalization of resource capabilities of the bulk of schools and the improvement of educational results of Moscow education as a whole. The empirical basis consists of statistical data and the results of interviews with school administrators – principals and their deputies, most of whom successfully coped with new tasks and working conditions during the period of intensive reform of the capital's education.

Background. Loneliness is a prevalent global public health issue, and this topic is also common among university students. From a health-related, resource-oriented approach like the salutogenic model, loneliness can be interpreted as a potential stressor. To cope effectively with this stressor, a strong Sense of Coherence is needed to mobilize resources like social support. Interventions to promote health and wellbeing within a university setting should include a salutogenic focus. However, currently, research regarding salutogenesis within the higher education setting is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to make the first attempt to explore the relation between loneliness and the Students' Sense of Coherence (S-SoC) among university students. Methods. An online questionnaire was sent out to all university students from the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences (CUAS), Austria. The online questionnaire was completed by 584 students (response rate of 28.86 %); 67.3% were female, and the average age was 25.16 years (SD = 6.27 years). Full-time students made up 75.6% of the sample, and 84.6% were in a Bachelor's degree program. The S-SoC and the sub-scales comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability were measured by using the valid S-SoC scale (Brunner et al., 2009). Social and emotional loneliness was measured by using the six-item De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale (Jong Gierveld & van Tilburg, 2006). Spearman correlations and Kruskal-Wallis H-tests were computed among all loneliness and S-SoC sub-scales and other variables (e.g., age, sex...). Furthermore, a graphical model was used to show structural relationships between loneliness and S-SoC and control variables. Results. The results showed that students feeling moderate or severe general loneliness had lower S-SoC scores than students feeling low or not general lonely. Manageability was a pivotal point in this model, as it was inversely proportional to both measures of loneliness. Perceived social loneliness was reported most by men and part-time students. Conclusion. In order to fulfill study-related demands, students activate appropriate resources (e.g., social support), which corresponds to low social and emotional loneliness. However, in the development of health promoting interventions against loneliness among students, it would be necessary to consider sex and mode of study and to address health needs and problems with a salutogenic focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital vigilantism is one of the challenges of e-democracy. Many scholars recognize the threat of vigilantism to civil society. However, we believe it can also reinforce weak government institutions. We consider digital vigilantism as an alternative to e-participation tools. This study aims to determine a model of digital vigilantism in Russia based on the analysis of the social media activity of StopXam in the context of the development of alternative e-democracy institutions. Considering vigilantism as an example of an informal institution, we analyze vigilantism following Helmke and Levitsky typology. The case chosen for analysis is one of the largest Russian vigilant StopXam movement that can be compared with the government initiative Moscow Helper. To identify the model of digital vigilantism in Russia, we conduct a social network analysis in respect to five communities in Vk.com, a Russian social network: “StopXam”, “StopXam Moscow”, the official community of “Moscow Helper”, the unofficial community of “Moscow Helper”, the community of opponents of “Moscow Helper” application. The findings of this study suggest that vigilantism could be considered as an instrument of informal institutionalization, which can be used by political actors (primarily the government) as a tool for setting the rules of the game that correspond to established public values. The creation of groups that are ready to observe the general principles of the game’s rules and impose common values with only minor, occasional violations of the letter of the law is becoming a working model of managed vigilantism. This model tends towards the routine practice of vigilantism, which limits the potential for online mobilization.

Perfect forward secrecy, cross-verification, and robust mutual authentication guarantee secure communication through unfavorable and unsafe channels. The speedy development in wireless communication and drone-assisted networking technology has miserable significance in many areas, including wildlife monitoring, sidewalk checking, infrastructure inspection, and smart city surveillance. But guaranteeing message integrity, non-repudiation, authenticity, and authorization for information transmission for these areas are still challenging for researchers when using Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs). The FANET’s existence for drone technology is more complicated due to dynamic changes in its topology and easily vulnerable to the adversary for numerous attacks. So far, before exhilarating a drone in the Internet-of-Drones (IoD) environment, controlled layered network architecture is indispensable to allow only legitimate drones to collaborate securely with each other and with the ground control station (GCS) for building the highest trust. A minor lapse creates a severe complication for communication security because an attacker might be trapping data from the open network channel and using it for their unusual deeds. Attentively, identification authentication and message authentication are necessary for such a sensitive environment. Therefore, in this research article, we have designed a verifiably secure Elliptic Curve Cryptographic (ECC)-based authentication scheme for IoD using FANET. The formal security proof of the scheme has been made using a programming verification toolkit ProVerif2.03, Random Oracle Model (ROM), and informally by pragmatic illustration. And the performance evaluation section of the article has been made by considering storage, computation, and communication costs. When comparing the proposed security mechanism with state-of-the-art schemes, it has been shown that the work done in this article is efficient and effective and is suitable for practically implementing in the IoD environment.

Abstract Background Extensive research describes how nurses experience their work environment. The conditions are described as stressful and dissatisfying with nurses intending to leave their workplace. Knowledge about the personal perception regarding why nurses consider leaving the hospital workplace is limited. The purpose of this study was to understand why hospital nurses remain in their workplace, which facilitates their continuation in the profession. Objective The objective was to explore and describe factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in the workplace. Methods This was a descriptive qualitative study with a purposive sample of hospital nurses in Sweden. The salutogenic theory was the basis for the interview guide and the semi-structured questions. Individual interviews were conducted in a hospital in western Sweden. Content analysis was performed to organize the coded data according to the sense of coherence. Results Data saturation was achieved with 12 interviews. Within the three themes of coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness), ten subthemes were categorized from the data as follows: job satisfaction and fun at work, acknowledgement and productivity, togetherness and team security, manageable workload, variable work and challenging situations, workplace and personal space balance, collaboration and supportive leadership, valued role and good work, commitment and involvement, and pride in the professional role. Conclusions The main findings of this study have shown the critical importance of being in a meaningful, comprehensible and manageable work context that supports nurses in maintaining their professional identity.

Background: Salutogenesis focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to positive health outcomes. At the core of the model lies the sense of coherence (SOC), which plays a crucial role in promoting well-being and resilience., Objective: Using the validscale Stata command, we aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the 3-dimension 13-item SOC questionnaire (SOC-13), encompassing the comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness dimensions. We also aimed to determine if a refined scale, assessed through this method, exhibits superior psychometric properties compared to the SOC-13., Methods: A sample of 880 consecutive primary care patients recruited from 35 French practices were asked to complete the SOC-13. We tested for internal consistency and scalability using the Cronbach α and Loevinger H coefficients, respectively, and we tested for construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and goodness-of-fit indices (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] and comparative fit index [CFI])., Results: Of the 880 eligible patients, 804 (91.4%) agreed to participate (n=527, 65.6% women; median age 51 years). Cronbach α and Loevinger H coefficients for the SOC-13 were all <0.70 and <0.30, respectively, indicating poor internal consistency and poor scalability (0.64 and 0.29 for comprehensibility, 0.56 and 0.26 for manageability, and 0.46 and 0.17 for meaningfulness, respectively). The RMSEA and CFI were >0.06 (0.09) and <0.90 (0.83), respectively, indicating a poor fit. By contrast, the psychometric properties of a unidimensional 8-item version of the SOC questionnaire (SOC-8) were excellent (Cronbach α=0.82, Loevinger H=0.38, RMSEA=0.05, and CFI=0.97)., Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the 3-dimension SOC-13 were poor, unlike the unidimensional SOC-8. A questionnaire built only with these 8 items could be a good candidate to measure the SOC. However, further validation studies are needed before recommending its use in research., (©Paul Sebo, Benoit Tudrej, Augustin Bernard, Bruno Delaunay, Alexandra Dupuy, Claire Malavergne, Hubert Maisonneuve. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (https://www.i-jmr.org/), 16.07.2024.)

Recent studies reveal a growing number of individuals with the traits of broad autism phenotype who display communication problems and difficulties in establishing interpersonal relations. Studies suggest that BAP traits are more frequent in students of the sciences than in humanities students. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish the mediating role of a field of study in the relationship between BAP and the sense of coherence. The study included 168 students (90 females and 78 males) of science and humanities. We administered the AQ question - naires (Autism -Spectrum Quotient, Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) for adults, the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC - 29, Antonovsky, 1987, 1993). The study confirmed that BAP traits are more expressed in students of science than in students of arts as well as in men than women. Also, relationships between the intensity of BAP traits and comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness were noted, but not between the total sense of coherence. Therefore, we concentrated on evaluating a mediating effect of the field of study and these three dimensions. The positive relationships between BAP meaningfulness and ma - nageability suggest that the appropriate choice of the field of study plays a significant role in finding meaning in life and deve loping an ability to cope with emerging difficulties. Since the field of study is closely linked to the type of work, it might be assumed that the same role is played by a job that makes sense. It explains the frustration of brain-damaged patients at being unable to work. Clinical data show that giving such patients an oppor tunity to be active in any field restores their sense of meaning in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The form of parental support during pregnancy is constantly changing due to developments in society. 'Psycho-prophylaxis training' is a form of parental support used in preparation for childbirth. Only a few studies describe the childbirth experience of both the parents. The aim was to interview parents receiving 'psycho-prophylaxis training' during pregnancy and to elucidate their experience of childbirth. Method: A total of 22 open interviews were conducted with 11 expectant mothers and their 11 partners. Analysis of the interviews was performed using the content analysis method. Results: Three categories emerged in the manifest phase. 'To gain security from knowledge and focus on breathing and relaxation', 'The couple's sense of proximity and the team collaboration with the maternity staff' and 'Meeting pain'. Two themes emerged during the latent analysis of which one was," Participation gave a sense of security" and the other was 'Manageability'. Conclusion: Knowledge about childbirth and the ability, by the mother, to use various breathing techniques seemed to help both parents, as it made both of them feel that they were themselves involved in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The study aims at substantiating the method to determine the optimal volume of investments for improving basic economic indicators of the enterprise’s performance selected by the company management at random costs at each stage of its development. Methodology. The proposed methodology for determining the optimal investment volume is based on simulation modeling methods and optimal control theory, in particular, the dynamic programming procedure, since the controlled process of the enterprise`s development is a multi-step one. Using step-by-step planning with generation of costs for transitions and statistical processing of results, a solution to optimization problem was obtained, to which the methods of mathematical analysis cannot be applied. Findings. An algorithm has been developed for calculating the minimal volume of capital investments for improving selected economic indicators and constructing the optimal trajectory for the enterprise`s development from the initial economic state to the final desired state. This takes into account unforeseen intermediate costs in the process of enterprise development. Originality. It is shown that using the methods of the theory of optimal control and simulation modeling, it is possible to calculate the minimal amount of capital investments to improve the selected economic indicators that determine the efficiency of the enterprise performance, taking into account the random costs of intermediate transitions by the development stages. Such calculation does not depend on the specific content of economic indicators. Practical value. The proposed methodology for calculating the minimal volume of capital investments is quite simple, but at the same time it allows, on the one hand, determining the priority areas of the enterprise’s investment activities. On the other hand, it increases the manageability and transparency of the enterprise’s economic activity, and increases the manager’s confidence in the correctness of the decisions made.

For some time now I have implemented a manageable combined assessment approach emphasising competence and decision-making (Way 2008, 2009). To do this, we must be able to monitor trainees' planning, monitoring, regulating, evaluating, recognition of flawed and successful processes and task variables during their assignments. The question is: How can translator trainers assess such a vast range of complex processes? One possible solution is through rubrics for each trainee project management role and for the final translation. In this proposal we attempt to counterbalance the multiple demands of trainee assessment, whilst also addressing the time constraints on trainers and the opinions of trainees. In our paper we will present the rationale for the rubrics (after the pilot trial February-June 2020), one rubric example, an example of the Support Sheets for trainees and the outline for a platform which, once constructed, will only require periodical updating by trainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Family caregivers of patients with chronic conditions face challenges such as emotional and physical stress, which can lead to caregiver burden. A good sense of coherence (SOC) is crucial in promoting resilience, positive health outcomes, and coping. Caregivers with a high SOC are optimistic about their caregiving roles and finding meaning and purpose in their responsibilities. In this background, we looked into the contextual influences that facilitate or impede the sense of coherence of the family caregivers of patients with chronic conditions requiring home-based long-term care., Methods: We conducted telephonic interviews with 10 self-identified primary family caregivers of patients with chronic conditions. We utilized semi-structured interview guidelines, transcribed the interviews verbatim, and performed thematic analysis. Potential factors influencing caregivers' SOC were identified through inductive coding, allowing themes to emerge from the data. However, we report themes along the three components of SOC., Results: Good knowledge about the disease conditions, open communication with care recipients and providers, and past caregiving experiences all contribute to improving comprehensibility. Insufficient knowledge about the condition could be distressing. Effective management requires adapting care strategies through learning, planning, and utilizing available resources, and support networks, too, play a crucial role. However, insufficient caregiver support and neglecting one's health can result in distress and disruptions in care management. Maintaining positive perspectives and ascribed values to interpersonal connections can enhance meaningfulness among caregivers. These interpretations may not apply to caregivers with affective disorders., Conclusion: Various aspects influence the comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness pertaining to the situation of family caregivers, and these in turn impact their well-being and ability to provide quality care. Understanding these factors can help create support systems with targeted interventions and strategies to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Kochuvilayil et al.)

Background: Extensive research describes how nurses experience their work environment. The conditions are described as stressful and dissatisfying with nurses intending to leave their workplace. Knowledge about the personal perception regarding why nurses consider leaving the hospital workplace is limited. The purpose of this study was to understand why hospital nurses remain in their workplace, which facilitates their continuation in the profession. Objective: The objective was to explore and describe factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in the workplace. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study with a purposive sample of hospital nurses in Sweden. The salutogenic theory was the basis for the interview guide and the semi-structured questions. Individual interviews were conducted in a hospital in western Sweden. Content analysis was performed to organize the coded data according to the sense of coherence. Results: Data saturation was achieved with 12 interviews. Within the three themes of coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness), ten subthemes were categorized from the data as follows: job satisfaction and fun at work, acknowledgement and productivity, togetherness and team security, manageable workload, variable work and challenging situations, workplace and personal space balance, collaboration and supportive leadership, valued role and good work, commitment and involvement, and pride in the professional role. Conclusions: The main findings of this study have shown the critical importance of being in a meaningful, comprehensible and manageable work context that supports nurses in maintaining their professional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sense of Coherence is formed by three factors: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. In this study, its factorial structure was analyzed through assessment with the SOC-29 scale and its relationship with attachment. Three hypotheses were proposed to assess the reliability, convergent validity and factorial structure, using a sample of 445 participants. Statistical analysis was based on descriptive techniques, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained provide evidence in favor of the hypotheses, with an internal consistency of a=.82, a significant correlation with attachment r=.27 to .83 and an acceptable fit of the model X²=1275.88, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.07 [.06-.07], SRMR=.04. The study highlights the importance of the linguistic changes made to adapt the scale to the Ecuadorian context. Two important limitations are mentioned regarding its application as a self-report and the geographical location, which need to be taken into consideration in subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regularly changed destructive periods in organizational development mean that the lifecycle exists. A nature of its formation hides a number of important conceptual regularities. One aspect of these trends is relationship between distribution of uncertainty and risks in lifecycle models, underlying motives of their formation and determining participation in development of organizational immunity. A closer definition of these issues is an objective of this research. The paper reviews the history of the lifecycle concept, gives its analysis and possible applications in management studies. In the analytical review of literature, there is an attempt of theoretical systematization for some provisions from the concept on consistency and continuity of stages turnover, on conditions of their identification and a nonlinear path. For discussions of the scientific community, the author presents hypotheses of the available effect of compression (density) in development stages, as well as heterogenic risk concentration. There is an assumption that economic systems have different orders for both the general and short lifecycles. Based on generalized theoretical and methodological provisions of stages in the lifecycle phases, the author attempts to combine functional and evolutionary models. The author also details distinctive features in the process of control over uncertainty and risks in the sequence of development stages.

Aim: To explore the level of sense of coherence among Swedish nursing staff. Design: An explorative quantitative study design was adopted using a short form for measuring sense of coherence. Methods: Data were collected in January 2018 from nurses working in full‐time positions at two hospitals in Western Sweden. A total of 93 nurses completed the 13 item questionnaire measuring sense of coherence. Descriptive statistics were applied to obtain means and standard deviations. Spearman's rank correlation was used to describe strength of association between sense of coherence and socio‐demographic categories. Between‐group differences were defined using the nonparametric tests of Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The internal consistency of the SOC‐13 was low. An inter‐item‐correlation test indicated that two items decreased the internal consistency of the scale. The level of the three dimensions of sense of coherence varied; manageability was weakest and decreased the total sense of coherence. The meaningfulness dimension was as strongest. Conclusion: On a national level, nurses reported weaker sense of coherence (SOC) than the general population, but stronger in an international comparison of nurses. They found their work difficult to manage, but meaningful. Impact: On a national level, the nurses reported weaker SOC than the general population, but stronger in an international comparison of nurses. Findings from this study will have an impact on how nurses can manage work related stress in terms of sense of coherence. There will also be an impact on nurses' well‐being, which in a long run benefits patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is an attempt to interpret fundamental issues related to the spontaneous formation and the course of social life; the role of free human choice of goals, means and actions; the relationship between the spontaneity of social life and its management. Based on the trends generated by new developments in technology and information and social changes, we proposes the thesis that from spontaneous, social life could become anthropocentrically directed and managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper, financed by the Eafit University, presents the experimental results in which resistance to compression and manageability of a concrete mix made with a partial replacement for the fine aggregate with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was assessed. The replacement was made by volume, thus the space occupied by the extracted sand particles will be occupied by the PET. Different concrete mixes with sand replacement were made going from 0 % (reference), 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %. The results indicate that increasing the replaced sand percentage decreases the resistance to compression, nonetheless, the manageability is not affected by keeping the granulometric curvature of the aggregates. The replacement percentage of 15 % was determined as the more adequate given its appropriate manageability, a great amount of sand is replaced and an acceptable resistance to compression is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The braking systems in motor vehicles are one of the most important factors of active safety. Malfunction of particular elements that leads to incomplete function or sheer breakdown of the braking system, is the cause of a significant number of traffic accidents. The braking system regulation plays a significant role in the process of efficient braking by using the existing adhesion of the wheels and the substrate, and by maintaining the stability and manageability of the vehicle in the process of braking; all of that while creating the shortest possible braking path. With the intent of contributing to the development of road traffic safety, the authors of this paper will elaborate on the necessity of the braking system regulation that is generated by the wheels of road motor vehicles; braking force regulators and their types; the necessity for their maintenance; and their immense influence on the braking efficiency and therefore traffic safety in general. This, in combination with the knowledge of characteristic braking trails, can contribute to the quality of evidence assessment in traffic accidents, as well as the quality of vehicle inspection procedures. Basically, the purpose behind this paper captures braking forces regulation of 2 axle vehicles as well as heavy goods vehicles, including a combination of vehicles (towing vehicle coupling vehicles) also. In order to emphasize the seriousness of this problem, this paper also includes one specific example of a traffic accident, with emphasis on the probable cause of the accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernization of education implies substantial changes in the management of educational systems and processes for the transition of educational systems to a qualitatively new state and to a higher level of functioning. The aim of the article is to describe the phenomenon of manageability of education systems, which consists in the real possibility to influence on the course of processes in order to improve their performance in a high dynamism and activity of the managed elements of the system. The basis of the research is the stakeholder approach, which establishes an increasing degree of responsibility of all agents of education for their actions within the system. The authors identified the specifics of educational systems’ manageability based on the characteristics of educational agents and the balance of their requirements and expectations. The principles of the stakeholder approach’s implementation in education are proposed, which allowed offer a way to increase the controllability of educational systems. The paper submissions can be useful for experts of education authorities, teachers of pedagogical and management profile, managers and staff of educational organizations, researchers who are involved in the manageability of educational systems and processes.

Orientation: Sense of coherence and, more recently, work-related sense of coherence are regarded as significant variables in promoting the management of employees’ wellness in modern organisations. Research purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether work-related sense of coherence, as a context-specific application of sense of coherence, provides incremental validity over and above sense of coherence in explaining indicators of work wellness. Motivation for the study: It is important to know if the context-specific, work-related sense of coherence is a better predictor of work wellness in comparison with general sense of coherence in order to guide interventions aimed at the development and enhancement of employees’ wellness. Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used with a convenience sample (N = 734) of part-time and full-time working adults completing an online module at a distance education institution. A biographical questionnaire, the Work-related sense of coherence (SoC) Questionnaire, the Orientation to Life Questionnaire, the Fatigue Scale and Work Engagement Scale were administered. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to achieve the objective of the study. Main findings: Work-related sense of coherence displayed incremental validity over and above that of sense of coherence in predicting work engagement and fatigue. However, sense of coherence was a stronger predictor of fatigue, while work-related sense of coherence was a stronger predictor of work engagement. Practical managerial implications: In planning interventions to address the work engagement or fatigue of employees, work-related sense of coherence could be used as a practical indicator of coherent work experiences, especially in predicting work engagement. Contribution: The results of the study should provide new insight into the shared variance between work-related sense of coherence and sense of coherence. The results indicated that the factors are interrelated but independent and that work-related sense of coherence adds incremental variance in predicting work engagement and fatigue in the context of work.

Ten years after an original survey, this article reports findings from a 2017 survey of secondary school staff involved in school‐based management of GCSE examination access arrangements. A total of 263 respondents, including specialist assessors and SENCos, explained their views on the manageability and fairness of processes for GCSE examination access arrangements. While the perceived fairness of GCSE access arrangements has increased, a majority of respondents do not consider current processes to be manageable at the school level or equally fair to students. However, almost two‐thirds of respondents would support some extension of access arrangements or use of technological assistance on the basis of student need. The researchers recommend promotion of partnership between the qualifications regulator, awarding bodies and schools; enhanced shared understanding of the purpose, place and limitations of access arrangements; and use of a school‐based protocol to manage roles and resource requirements for the organization of access arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Police officers meet many stressors as part of their occupation. The psychological resource "sense of coherence" (SOC) protects against ill-health, but its impact on coping resources for stress situations has not been studied in the population of police officers. Different approaches to investigate the significance of SOC for different outcomes have been identified in literature, leading to some difficulties in the interpretation and generalization of results. The aim was therefore to explore SOC and the coping resources, and to examine the significance of SOC for various coping resources for stress using different models in a sample of Swedish police officers providing on-the-beat service. Materials and Methods: One hundred and one police officers (age: mean = 33 years, SD = 8; 29 females) were included, and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-29) and the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) were used. The dependent variable in each regression analysis was one of the coping resources: cognitive, social, emotional, spiritual/philosophical, physical, and a global resource. Global SOC-29 and/or its components (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) were investigated as independent variables. Results: All CRI and SOC-29 scores except for that of spiritual/philosophical resources were higher than those of reference groups. Manageability was the most important component of SOC for various coping resources in stress situations used by police officers. Conclusion: A deeper study of manageability will give useful information, because this component of SOC is particularly significant in the variation in resources used by police officers to cope with stress. Salutogenesis, the origin of well-being, should be more in focus of future research on workplaces with a high level of occupational stress.

Risk assessment tools for listing invasive alien species need to incorporate all available evidence and expertise. Beyond the wealth of protocols developed to date, we argue that the current way of performing risk analysis has several shortcomings. In particular, lack of data on ecological impacts, transparency and repeatability of assessments as well as the incorporation of uncertainty should all be explicitly considered. We recommend improved quality control of risk assessments through formalized peer review with clear feedback between assessors and reviewers. Alternatively, a consensus building process can be applied to better capture opinions of different experts, thereby maximizing the evidential basis. Elaborating on manageability of invasive species is further needed to fully answer all risk analysis requirements. Tackling the issue of invasive species urges better handling of the acquired information on risk and the exploration of improved methods for decision making on biodiversity management. This is crucial for efficient conservation resource allocation and uptake by stakeholders and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, Internet is facing with growing threats of malicious traffic generated by virus, DDoS attack, selfish action and so on, and it will become worse while these traffics are caused by internal members of autonomous domains. Filtering these traffics on the nodes as closer as possible to the attack source is considered as a reasonable solution. So this paper presents a malicious traffic filtering model for AS based on SDN network domain. This model sets a logical centralized controller for the AS, deploys agents to the network nodes. These agents are responsible for collecting the information of network and executing filtering policies. The controller supports functions of internal malicious traffic detection, dynamic filtering policies decision, and policies deployment. Furthermore, this model also includes a proper executing nodes searching algorithm, which ensures the policies to be deployed on nodes closest to the internal attack source and cannot be bypassed. The experiments verify that comparing with traditional malicious reaction mechanism such as filter the traffic at host-end or edge-router of domain, this model is able to protect all nodes and servers within the domain. And it also provides the domain powerful and flexible capability to deal with rapidly changing attack methods at lower cost and to significantly reduce the malicious traffic within the domain network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]