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This thesis comprises chapters of a novel in progress titled Partial Reps. Its focus is a group of friends at a gym, particularly the friendship of an elderly man and the narrator. The work takes place in the Pacific Northwest between 2015 and 2018 with some digressions to earlier times. The accompanying expository document details the development of the idea and some conceptual background.

The conditions of Black male students in K-12 schools have been well-documented by scholars and clearly illustrate institutionalized anti-Black maleness that continues to go unaddressed or, in some cases, never addressed in most educator preparation programs and school systems in the U.S. We call for the centering of Black male bodies in teacher education and offer Afrocentric Assessment Mattering Pathways (AAMP) for guidance for intentionally centering the Black male body in teacher education: 1) critical anti-black self-reflection, 2) Afrocentric curricular change using Black history, and 3) engaging in off-campus Afrocentric environments.

La violencia de género constituye un tema habitual en la agenda setting de los medios de comunicación de nuestro país. Actualmente, este tipo de violencia sigue cobrándose la vida de miles de mujeres. Según las estadísticas de Naciones Unidas, 1 de cada 3 mujeres en el mundo ha sufrido violencia física o sexual por parte de su pareja o expareja. La realidad que muestran estos datos y la gravedad que representan, sumado al actual papel influenciador de los medios de comunicación, en concreto, la prensa española, justifican la presente investigación. En concreto, este trabajo se ha centrado en analizar la evolución de las informaciones vertidas en materia de violencia de género, en tres grandes periódicos generalistas españoles. En esta investigación, la metodología utilizada para analizar dichas noticias, se basa en la aplicación de herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas, estudiando las informaciones vertidas en estos tres periódicos desde el año 2010 hasta el 2020, es decir, en una década de evolución. Los resultados de este análisis demuestran que ha habido una leve evolución cualitativa paralela a la institucionalización y legitimación del problema. En estos diez años, se ha hecho un estudio a fondo de este tema y en consecuencia, se ha esclarecido que la prensa ha abarcado mejor las informaciones sobre violencia de género, mostrándose una ligera evolución en cuanto a su tratamiento. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento actual que se les da a estas informaciones viene siendo el mismo que se le puede dar a otros problemas sociales, pero la dificultad que tratan las informaciones sobre violencia de género que muchos otros temas no presentan, resaltan la necesidad de una especialización periodística. Gender violence is a common topic on the setting agenda of the Spanish media. Nowadays, this type of violence continues murdering thousands of women. According to United Nations statistics, one in three women around the world has suffered physical or sexual violence by their partner or ex-partner. The reality shown by these data and the seriousness they represent, added to the current influencing role of the media, specifically the Spanish press, justify the present investigation. Specifically, this work has focused on analyzing the evolution of the information of gender violence in the three Spanish generalist newspapers. In this research, the methodology used to analyze this news, is based on the application of qualitative and quantitative tools, studying the information released in these three newspapers from 2010 to 2020. The results of this analysis show that there has been a slight qualitative evolution parallel to the institutionalization and legitimization of the problem. In these ten years, an in-depth study of this issue has been held and consequently, it has been clarified that the press has better covered the information on gender violence, showing a slight evolution in terms of its treatment. Therefore, the current treatment given to this information has been the same as that given to other social problems, but the difficulty of reporting on gender violence that in other topics don’t present, highlights the need to a journalistic specialization.

Rainbow trout has a male heterogametic (XY) sex determination system controlled by a major sex-determining gene, sdY. Unexpectedly, a few phenotypically masculinised fish are regularly observed in all-female farmed trout stocks. To better understand the genetic determinism underlying spontaneous maleness in XX-rainbow trout, we recorded the phenotypic sex of 20,210 XX-rainbow trout from a French farm population at 10 and 15 months post-hatching. The overall masculinisation rate was 1.45%. We performed two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on a subsample of 1139 individuals classified as females, intersex or males using either medium-throughput genotyping (31,811 SNPs) or whole-genome sequencing (WGS, 8.7 million SNPs). The genomic heritability of maleness ranged between 0.48 and 0.62 depending on the method and the number of SNPs used for the estimation. At the 31K SNPs level, we detected four QTL on three chromosomes (Omy1, Omy12 and Omy20). Using WGS information, we narrowed down the positions of the two QTL detected on Omy1 to 96 kb and 347 kb respectively, with the second QTL explaining up to 14% of the total genetic variance of maleness. Within this QTL, we detected three putative candidate genes, fgfa8, cyp17a1 and an uncharacterised protein (LOC110527930), which might be involved in spontaneous maleness of XX-female rainbow trout.

Rad ne sadrži sažetak., This thesis aims to explore the aspects of male identity. The goal is to analyze and define the concept of identity, the construction of male identity, sex and gender difference, role theory, homosociality and hegemonic masculinity, using relevant literature. Emphasis is put on the influence of hegemonic masculinity to other forms of male masculine identitetes. This essay seeks to see into individual and personal opinions of young males about their masculine identities, maleness, homosexuality and potential changes in male identities today using the method of semistructered interviewing.

This study investigated the influence of cultural notions of masculinity and its enactments on husband-to wife abuse in Ghana from a discursive psychological perspective. Two focus group discussions and four in-depth personalinterviews were conducted with 16 perpetrators (husbands) from rural and urban Ghana. Participants’ discursive accounts revealed that social anxieties of husbands, their fear of being perceived by others as weak or emasculated, and their disappointment with unfulfilled notions of masculine sovereigntyinfluence conjugal violence. Perpetrators constructed a wife’s expression of dissent to her husband’s wishes and commands as an encroachment on masculine spaces, a gender-norm violation, or as providing a public challenge to male identity and thus violence could be used as an obligatory passage to manhood. Perpetrators also mobilized shifting and ambivalent discoursesthat draw upon culturally familiar notions of maleness to both resist and authorize a patriarchal privilege in marriage.

This article discusses the accounts of a group of upper-middle class white men of Rio de Janeiro about their sexual access to domestic workers (empregada) during their adolescence. After a brief discussion of the specific characteristics of whiteness in Brazil, the interviewees’ sexual experiences are discussed in relation to Freyre’s description, in Casa-Grande e Senzala, of the sexual relationship of the white slave master’s son with the mulata slave. This sexual relationship was recognized by the interviewees as a symbolically dense site for understanding their own experiences with empregadas even if the empregada’s skin color is considered less relevant than her class. I argue that these sexual relationships contribute to shaping the interviewees’ experiences of whiteness. In particular, interviewees’ silence about empregadas’ skin color is also a silence about their own skin color and part of the larger silence surrounding whiteness understood as a site of class and color privilege.

Research on “gender” has developed the last decades as an important theoretical and empirical field of research. But in times of crisis, when lower classes, race minorities, citizens on the margin, and the poor, are the excluded for sectarian reasons, disparities between men and women increase. This is particularly observed in those spaces where the internationally defined global dominance order disrupts local paths to development. In rural areas in Latin America, men and women are unequal. In this paper, in order to generate new paths towards equality, we aim to investigate in which ways, under which educational premises, and under what social organizations, gendered negative features can be minimized. To get to this point, we are forced to analyze what means sharing public and private spheres of life in one and another context and circumstance. Evidently, gender stereotypes are not fixed, neither gender heritage. They are a result of mixed circumstances related to how the relations of dominion and dominance are established in a colonial modeled order which oppresses the oppressed and leaves no space to find a balance to develop human rights and citizenship participation for men and women in this time in history., A lo largo de las últimas décadas, la investigación de “género” se ha desarrollado ampliamente tanto a nivel teórico como empírico. En tiempos de crisis, sin embargo, a las clases más bajas, a las razas arrinconadas, a la ciudadanía marginada, a pobres y excluidos por causas sectarias, se les plantean más problemas, y mientras tanto, las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres aumentan. Y esto se evidencia con claridad en aquellos lugares en los que el orden global altera los caminos particulares hacia el desarrollo. En áreas rurales de América Latina, a hombres y mujeres se les considera de forma desigual. Partiendo de estos supuestos, para poder referenciar nuevos caminos hacia la igualdad, en el artículo pretendemos investigar de qué manera, bajo qué premisas educativas, y bajo qué organizaciones sociales, se pueden minimizar los rasgos negativos que derivan de percepciones distorsionadas por razón de género. Para llegar aquí, corresponde primero analizar qué significa compartir en espacios públicos y privados en unos y otros contextos y circunstancias. Y por cuanto que los estereotipos de género no son fijos, sino resultado de complejas circunstancias que inciden en relaciones de dominio establecidas bajo un orden de valores colonial que oprime a los oprimidos, no queda espacio para buscar un reequilibrio entre desarrollo de los derechos humanos y participación ciudadana de hombres y mujeres por igual.

A lo largo de las últimas décadas, la investigación de ‘género’ se ha desarrollado ampliamente tanto a nivel teórico como empírico. En tiempos de crisis, sin embargo, a las clases más bajas, a las razas arrinconadas, a la ciudadanía marginada, a pobres y excluidos por causas sectarias, se les plantean más problemas, y mientras tanto, las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres aumentan. Y esto se evidencia con claridad en aquellos lugares en los que el orden global altera los caminos particulares hacia el desarrollo. En áreas rurales de América Latina, a hombres y mujeres se les considera de forma desigual. Partiendo de estos supuestos, para poder referenciar nuevos caminos hacia la igualdad, en el artículo pretendemos investigar de qué manera, bajo qué premisas educativas, y bajo qué organizaciones sociales, se pueden minimizar los rasgos negativos que derivan de percepciones distorsionadas por razón de género. Para llegar aquí, corresponde primero analizar qué significa compartir en espacios públicos y privados en unos y otros contextos y circunstancias. Y por cuanto que los estereotipos de género no son fijos, sino resultado de complejas circunstancias que inciden en relaciones de dominio establecidas bajo un orden de valores colonial que oprime a los oprimidos, no queda espacio para buscar un reequilibrio entre desarrollo de los derechos humanos y participación ciudadana de hombres y mujeres por igual. Research on ‘gender’ has developed the last decades as an important theoretical and empirical field of research. But in times of crisis, when lower classes, race minorities, citizens on the margin, and the poor, are the excluded for sectarian reasons, disparities between men and women increase. This is particularly observed in those spaces where the internationally defined global dominance order disrupts local paths to development. In rural areas in Latin America, men and women are unequal. In this paper, in order to generate new paths towards equality, we aim to investigate in which ways, under which educational premises, and under what social organizations, gendered negative features can be minimized. To get to this point, we are forced to analyze what means sharing public and private spheres of life in one and another context and circumstance. Evidently, gender stereotypes are not fixed, neither gender heritage. They are a result of mixed circumstances related to how the relations of dominion and dominance are established in a colonial modeled order which oppresses the oppressed and leaves no space to find a balance to develop human rights and citizenship participation for men and women in this time in history.

El trabajo establece la caracterización de la diferencia sexual (masculino-femenino) en los textos de Platón: Gorgias, República y Fedón. Para ello usamos los avances de la psicología analítica junguiana acerca de los complejos simbólicos masculino y femenino. El Gorgias ofrece al menos dos posiciones contradictorias sobre lo que es y debe ser la masculinidad: la de los retóricos que entienden la virilidad como el éxito del dominio de los demás y la de Sócrates que se explicita como dominio de sí. Las dos posiciones acusan a la opuesta de ser amenaza feminizadora y por lo tanto destructora de la masculinidad; Por su parte, en República encontramos un arquetipo femenino masculinizado, en la figura ideal de las mujeres guardianas. Adicionalmente, el Fedón ilustra el rol de doliente de la esposa y su conexión con la muerte. Sócrates suprime lo femenino, para consagrarse al diálogo filosófico de los filósofos varones. Aunque la esposa sea enviada a casa, la fuerza incontenible del duelo no puede ser reprimida. Nada impide que los amigos de Sócrates lloren como mujeres. Los textos platónicos revelan lo masculino como superior y deseable, no obstante, siempre frágil y amenazado por lo femenino. Es posible encontrar en estos escritos una contracorriente que reconoce y enaltece la riqueza del simbolismo femenino, incluso en el esfuerzo mismo de la negación. La recuperación de lo femenino en el texto platónico es un aporte del trabajo. / Abstract. This research seeks to establish the characterization of the gender difference (male-female) in the following dialogues: Gorgias, Republic and Phaedo. To accomplish this aim we choose the junguian analitical psycology as a theoretical support vis-à-vis the male and female arquetypes. Gorgias offers at least two positions about what is and should be masculinity: rhetoricians’ that conceives virility as a successful dominance over others and Socrates’ to whom virility is the dominance of oneself. Both positions accuse one another of a feminize threat and based on that a masculinity destroyer. On the other hand, in the ideal character of the female guardians, in Republic, we find a female arquetype virilized. Additionaly, the Phaedo enlightens the role of mourner that incarnates the wife of Socrates and her association whith death. Xantipa is sent home in order to realize the male philosophical dialogue, albeit Socrates’ friends do not suppress the need to cry as women. Platonic writings reveal virility as superior and more desirable than feminity. In spite of this, virility is often menaced by the other gender and we find it possible to see the richness of the female arquetype in the platonic texts, even in the effort to deny it. The recovery of feminine in the platonic writings is the achievment of this thesis. Doctorado

In this work I would like to present the concept of male emancipation as the process of liberation of men from the pressure of culture stereotypes about men and masculinity. Male emancipation is also the inner process of seeking identity which is a synthesis of reflection of sex as a biological predisposition and gender as a culture construction. The concept of male emancipation is the answer to the recent crisis of male identity and is represented with different emphasis in different faces of men's movements. I created the basic typology of these movements and described their "emancipatory potential". As the opposition to feminists ideal types of new man or androgyne I described the realistic type of emancipated man who is not trying to achieve a synthesis of characteristics typically and traditionally considered as masculine or feminine but rather to achieve a compact, consistent and original personality. In the last part of my work I present results of my research "What do men say?" where I analyzed the statements of men who came to the men's groups of the Czech organisation the League of Open Men. As a result I described four basic motivational categories which motivate men to visit these groups and the description of some basic topics which men solve in these groups.

This article explores the ways whereby a sexual definition of self is elaborated, maintained and redefined in a negotiation between oneself and the other. This definition bears on the ideals of femaleness and maleness, linking representations of the origins and expressions of the difference between sexes. The basis for the study is the " locus " of heterosexuality, a meeting place where a specific link to the other is forged, putting gender identity to task. Analysis will focus on a double interrogation : according to which ideals and representations of femaleness and maleness is the experience of sexuality structured ? Secondly, according to what practices and representations of sexuality is the feeling of being a man or a woman defined ?, Cet article présente une analyse des manières dont s'élabore, se maintient et se recompose, dans une négociation avec soi et autrui, une définition sexuée de soi en référence à des idéaux de la féminité et de la masculinité, associant des représentations, des fondements et des expressions de la différence des sexes. Pour ce faire est privilégié un " lieu ", une forme de lien particulier à autrui, dans et par lequel s'élabore, s'éprouve l'identité sexuée : la sexualité dans son mode hétérosexuel. L'analyse s'appuie et répond à une double interrogation : selon quels idéaux et représentations de la masculinité et de la féminité se structure l'expérience de la sexualité et, dialectiquement, selon quels usages et représentations de la sexualité s'élabore le sentiment d'être un homme, d'être une femme ?

Este estudio trata sobre la relación entre la filosofía y las metáforas, y sobre la contribución de la filosofía feminista al debate sobre el estatus de las metáforas en el discurso filosófico. La autora propone una concisa muestra de los autores responsables de lo que se entiende hoy en día como dicha relación. La mayor parte del estudio consiste en el análisis de las posturas de las filósofas feministas sobre el papel de las metáforas en los textos filosóficos de los autores clásicos, especialmente las metáforas de la masculinidad y femineidad (G. Lloyd, E.F. Kittay, M. Le Doeuff), y la posibilidad de su reinterpretación. Como ejemplo de los intentos del uso filosófico de la metáfora, se analiza la metáfora del embarazo en J. Kristeva, la de la profundidad del mar en L. Irigaray y la de la obra teatral en E. Buker. La autora toma las metáforas como una parte inseparable del discurso filosófico y propone reinterpretaciones filosóficas feministas. In this study the author is concerned with the relation between philosophy and metaphors, and on the contribution of feminist philosophy to the ongoing discussion about the status of metaphors in philosophical discourse. She gives a concise discussion of the authors who are responsible for the current understanding of relationships of metaphor and philosophy. The main part of the study is made up of an analysis of the views of feminist philosophers on the role of metaphor in the philosophical texts of the classic authors, especially the metaphors of maleness and femaleness (G. Lloyd, E.F. Kittay, M. Le Doeuff), and on the possibility of their reinterpretation. As an example of attempts at the philosophical exploitation of metaphors, the author analyses the metaphor of pregnancy in J. Kristeva, the metaphor of the depth of the sea in L. Irigaray, and the metaphor of the theatrical play in E. Buker. The author regards metaphors as an inseparable part of philosophical discourse and states that active philosophical (feminist) reinterpretations of metaphors are possible.

6 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tabla., 1. Theory predicts that plants that achieve fitness more through male function may be less tolerant of herbivory than those that achieve fitness through the female function. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the degree of infection and damage inflicted by the gall-forming eriophyid mite Aceria macrorhynchus on three different sexual morphs (males, protandrous bisexuals and protogynous bisexuals) of the Mediterranean tree Acer opalus., 2. The dependence of each morph on male function, estimated by registering gender changes over 5 years and quantifying male function, decreased in the order males, protandrous, protogynous., 3. The same decreasing order was found in the degree of gall infection produced by the mite, and in the reduction of photosynthetic rates and shoot growth, but not in the carbon-isotope discrimination caused by the mites., 4. Mites attack the morphs of A. opalus that rely more on the male function more often and more harmfully than they do other morphs. Male-biased herbivory is a selective force that could have been driving the separation of sexes in the genus Acer., We especially thank T. L. Ashman, D. C. Freeman and A. Traveset for their comments on the manuscript. I. Pérez-Moreno identified the mite. P. Cámara, S. Cosín, I. Gimeno and D. Montesinos helped in data collection. J. L. Ferrándiz and the staff of the Park gave us permission to work in the Parque Natural de la Font Roja. The project 1FD97-0551 supported this research. M.V. was granted with contracts of the Reincorporación de Doctores y Tecnólogos del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and Programa Ramón y Cajal del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología during this study.