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Understanding how the structure of molecules affects their permeability across cell membranes is crucial for many topics in biomedical research, including the development of drugs. In this work, we examine the transport rates of structurally similar triphenylmethane dyes, malachite green (MG) and brilliant green (BG), across the membranes of living Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells and biomimetic liposomes. Using the time-resolved second harmonic light scattering technique, we found that BG passively diffuses across the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane (CM) 3.8 times faster than MG. In addition, BG exhibits a diffusion rate 3.1 times higher than MG across the membranes of liposomes made from E. coli polar lipid extracts. Measurements on these two molecules, alongside previously studied crystal violet (CV), another triphenylmethane molecule, are compared against the set of propensity rules developed by Lipinski and co-workers for assessing the permeability of hydrophobic ion-like drug molecules through biomembranes. It indicates that BG's increased diffusion rate is due to its higher lipophilicity, with a distribution coefficient 25 times greater than MG. In contrast, CV, despite having similar lipophilicity to MG, shows negligible permeation through the E. coli CM on the observation scale, attributed to its more hydrogen bonding sites and larger polar surface area. Importantly, cell viability tests revealed that BG's antimicrobial efficacy is ∼2.4 times greater than that of MG, which aligns well with its enhanced diffusion into the E. coli cytosol. These findings offer valuable insights for drug design and development, especially for improving the permeability of poorly permeable drug molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the synthesis of La 10 Si 6 O 27 :Sm3+ nanoparticles (LSNP) with varying samarium (Sm3+) concentrations (0–8 mol%) using eco-friendly solution combustion method with urea as a fuel. Using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), we determined that the nanoparticles typically measure between 15 and 17 nm and display a spherical morphology. These rare earth (RE)-doped nanoparticles were employed as a novel photocatalyst for the degradation of malachite green (MG) dye, exhibit unprecedented photocatalytic efficiency. The release of OH radicals during the degradation process was found to vary with the chemical structure and concentration of the photocatalyst, with the 6 mol% LSNP formulation showing a significant advancement under both UV and sunlight. Electrochemical assessments revealed that these nanoparticles exhibit excellent cyclic stability and robust performance. Notably, the specific capacitance of the nanoparticles increased with the samarium concentration, reaching a peak of 261.3 F/g in 0.1 M HCl. Furthermore, graphite-modified electrodes incorporating these nanoparticles showed significant potential as sensitive materials for detecting mercury and lead in concentrations as low as 1–6 mM, underscoring the versatility and functional adaptability of the synthesized nanoparticles in environmental and electrochemical applications. The prepared La 10 Si 6 O 27 :Sm3+ nanoparticles The nanoparticles demonstrated an optimal photocatalytic efficiency of 95.5 % under UV light and 88.15 % under sunlight at 6 mol% Sm3+ doping. Additionally, a peak specific capacitance of 261.3 F/g was achieved in 0.1 M HCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic evaluation of a polypyrrole-reinforced zinc-nickel mixed metal ferrite (PPy@ Zn 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 2 O 4) nanohybrid. A facile hydrothermal process is employed to synthesize the nanostructured zinc-nickel mixed metal ferrite (ZNF), and in situ oxidative polymerization is utilized to create the PPy nanohybrid. In this nanohybrid, PPy plays multiple roles: preventing charge recombination, reducing photocorrosion, mitigating particle aggregation in ZNF, and enhancing charge transfer and visible light absorption. The combined electron-capturing ability, intrinsic conductivity, and extensive π-conjugation of PPy, along with the magnetic nature of ZNF, render the PPy@ZNF catalyst highly efficient. The results of photoluminescence, impedance, and UV/Vis analysis confirm that PPy plays a critical role in enhancing photocatalytic performance by facilitating charge transfer and extending visible-light absorption. In practical environmental applications, the PPy@ZNF nanohybrid demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity compared to ZNF alone, degrading 98.5 % of malachite green dye under W-lamp light within 80 min, with a rate constant of 0.031 min−1. Scavenger and cyclic experiments identified the active species involved in dye degradation and assessed the reusability of the nanohybrid. Extensive testing revealed the optimal conditions for photocatalytic efficiency; the considered variables included light intensity, catalyst dose, dye concentration, temperature, irradiation time, and pH. These findings suggest that the PPy-reinforced ZNF nanohybrid offers cost-effectiveness, magnetic recoverability, structural stability, and high efficacy as a visible light-driven catalyst, making it a promising candidate for diverse environmental remediation applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest problems in the ecosystem is wastewater contaminated with industrial dyes. These pollutants have a very stable chemical structure, which causes complicated removal. However, a possible alternative for wastewater treatment is zinc oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The approach of this study was the implementation of a green synthesis methodology for the obtention of ZnO nanoparticles employing Ipomoea stans (TV) leaves as extracts. The properties of the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % w/v (weight/volume) concentration of the extract were obtained from the characterization using different techniques. The FTIR analysis determined the presence of the active functional groups attached to the surface, which capped and stabilized the ZnO NPs; a band located in the range of 500-390 cm−1 confirms the presence of the Zn–O bond. The UV absorption spectra of all ZnO NPs samples were determined by executing the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy technique, with a characteristic signal located at ∼370 nm and energy gap values between 3.036 eV and 3.101 eV. In addition, XRD patterns determined the average crystallite sizes to be 30.78 nm for ZnO-TV 1 %, 18.68 nm ZnO-TV 2 %, and 11.96 nm ZnO-TV 4 %, respectively. Furthermore, the results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed the following values of mean particle size of 21 nm, 24.4 nm, and 10.16 nm for ZnO-TV 1 %, ZnO-TV 2 % and ZnO-TV 4 % with S.D. 9.10, 12.5 and 3.6. Finally, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated utilizing the industrial dyes Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Malachite Green, and Congo Red. Obtaining outstanding results in the degradation of all industrial dyes. All syntheses achieved degradation greater than 91 % for methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the photochemical degradation of malachite green (MG), a cationic triphenylmethane dye used as a coloring agent, fungicide, and antiseptic. UV photolysis was ineffective in the removal of MG as only 12.35% degradation of MG (10 mg/L) was achieved after 60 min of irradiation. In contrast, 100.00% degradation of MG (10 mg/L) was observed after 60 min of irradiation in the presence of 10 mM H2O2 by UV/H2O2 at pH 6.0. Similarly, complete removal (100.00%) of MG was observed at 30 min of the reaction time by UV/H2O2/Fe2+ employing [MG]0 = 10 mg/L, [H2O2]0 = 10 mM, [Fe2+]0 = 2.5 mg/L, and [pH]0 = 3.0. For the UV/H2O2 process, the degradation efficiency was higher at pH 6.0 than at pH 3.0 as the k obs values were 0.0873 and 0.0690 min−1, respectively. However, UV/H2O2/Fe2+ showed higher reactivity at pH 3.0 than at pH 6.0. Chloride and nitrate ions slightly inhibited the removal efficiency of MG by both UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ processes. Moreover, three degradation products (DPs) of MG, (i) 4-dimethylamino-benzophenone (DABP), (ii) 4-amino-benzophenone (ABP), and (iii) 4-dimethylamino-phenol (DAP), were identified by GC-MS during the UV/H2O2 treatment. These DPs were found to demonstrate higher aquatic toxicity than the parent MG, suggesting that researchers should focus on the removal of target pollutants as well as their DPs. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate that both UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ processes could be implemented to alleviate the harmful environmental impacts of dye and textile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, facile and novel synthesis of Cu 2 MnSnS 4 /reduced-graphene (CMTS/rGO) nanocomposites is achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were explored to test the supposed formation. CMTS semiconductors grow within a tetragonal symmetry and rGO crystallize into hexagonal phase. CMTS particle size is very small having dimensions around 10–12 nm and corroborates with the average particle size calculated from the SEM. The TEM micrograph of rGO consists ∼10 nm thick nanosheets. The composite materials exhibit 2D morphology with 17 nm thick rGO nanosheets holding CMTS quantum dots (9 nm). Electronic structure modulations with rGO specify the replication of energy band gaps with experimental agreements. Photocatalytic activity against malachite green (MG) enhances from 74 % (CMTS) to 95 % (CMTS/rGO). In addition, the electrochemical measurements demonstrate the specific capacitance for 10 % CMTS/rGO (870 F/g) is about four times larger than that of pure CMTS (268 F/g). Our results prompt the evidence of possible applications and further research in photocatalysis via graphene reduction. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a novel Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposite was prepared by a simple ultrasonic method by combining Ti3C2 MXene and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and was used for the remediation of malachite green (MG) dye, as an example of an organic pollutant, from the environment through photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. A wide variety of techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanohybrid, including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), surface area analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in addition to the optical properties and band gap analysis. The results showed that the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase's Al layer was successfully selectively etched, resulting in the two-dimensional layered Ti3C2 MXene (average diameter of 78 nm). Additionally, the results revealed the preparation of the cubic Fe3O4 phase (average particle size of 11 nm), which was distributed homogeneously on the Ti3C2 MXene surface, as indicated by XRD, SEM, and TEM analysis. Moreover, the Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanophotocatalyst exhibits good visible light absorption ability under visible light (> 420 nm) due to its huge surface area, excellent conductivity, and sufficient quantity of active sites, and the accessibility of all elements required for effective photocatalysis. Accordingly, under 300 min of visible light exposure, the Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanophotocatalyst successfully photodegraded MG dye more efficiently than the pure MXene with a removal percentage of 95.4% with 0.5 g/L loading. Overall, the current study has shown that the Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanophotocatalyst has the potential to be a valuable photocatalyst for exceptionally efficient wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] SERS measurements for monitoring bactericides in dairy products are highly desired for food safety problems. However, the complicated preparation process of SERS substrates greatly impedes the promotion of SERS. Here, we propose acoustofluidic one-step synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on paper substrates for SERS detection. Our method is economical, fast, simple, and eco-friendly. We adopted laser cutting to cut out appropriate paper shapes, and aldehydes were simultaneously produced at the cutting edge in the pyrolysis of cellulose by laser which were leveraged as the reducing reagent. In the synthesis, only 5 μL of Ag precursor was added to complete the reaction, and no reducing agent was used. Our recently developed acoustofluidic device was employed to intensely mix Ag+ ions and aldehydes and spread the reduced Ag nanoparticles over the substrate. The SERS substrate was fabricated in 1 step and 3 min. The standard R6G solution measurement demonstrated the excellent signal and prominent uniformity of the fabricated SERS substrates. SERS detection of the safe concentration of three bactericides, including tetracycline hydrochloride, thiabendazole, and malachite green, from food samples can be achieved using fabricated substrates. We take the least cost, time, reagents, and steps to fabricate the SERS substrate with satisfying performance. Our work has an extraodinary meaning for the green preparation and large-scale application of SERS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Zn(II) complex with the composition [Zn((2-Cl)(5-NO2)C6H3CONHO)2] was synthesized by reacting anhydrous ZnSO4 with 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzohydroxamate [(2-Cl)(5-NO2)C6H3CONHOK] (KHL) in 1:2 molar ratio in methanol (MeOH) solvent under stirring conditions. Various physicochemical studies, including elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, and spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), were conducted to characterize the complex. The bonding via carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen atoms (O, O coordination), and a distorted tetrahedral geometry around zinc were cautiously proposed based on the experimental data. The zinc hydroxamate complex served as a precursor for the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles utilizing an extract of Bergera koenigii (curry tree), characterized by XRD, BET, SEM (pre and post degradation), TEM and EDS mapping. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity under UV light assistance, achieving 99.5% and 99.94% degradation of cationic dyes, Malachite green and Fuchsin basic, respectively, within 10 to 15 min. Additionally, ZnO nanoparticles exhibited 98.94% degradation of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) within 10 to 12 min, showcasing superior photocatalytic efficiency compared to other reported nano photocatalysts. Mineralization tests were conducted using COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analyses to enhance the understanding of photodegradation. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles displayed efficient and selective sensing for Cr(VI) and Hg(II) ions in the presence of other cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rapid and sensitive malachite green (MG) detection methods is particularly important for food safety supervision and ecological protection. Using fulvic acid (FA) as a stabilizer and NaBH4 as a reducing agent, ellipsoidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the average particle size of 5–20 nm were successfully prepared. Based on the interaction between fulvic acid protected gold nanoparticles (FA-AuNPs) and MG, the color change of FA-AuNPs from ruby red to blue was observed, the corresponding absorbance ratio change of gold nanoparticles at 611 nm and 529 nm (A611/A529) was also studied. Through the optimization of experimental conditions, the linear relationship between A611/A529 with the concentration of MG was established. The detection limit and linear range of this method were 0.02 μM and 0.04–2 μM, respectively. This method was successfully applied to detect malachite green in three different water samples with the recovery of 97.4–110.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its uncomplicated synthetic methodology and exorbitant market demand, malachite green is widely used in numerous industries, particularly as a fungicide in aquaculture. Considering its intrinsic toxicity and potential long-term health impacts, deployable and cost-effective strategies must be developed for eliminating water-soluble malachite green. In this study, chemically activated phosphogypsum, a byproduct of fertilizer production, was used to remove malachite green from an aqueous system. Due to its low cost and abundance, the use of phosphogypsum as a sorbent material may significantly reduce the cost of adsorption-based processes. Moreover, its structural durability allows efficient recycling without significant deformation during reactivation. However, untreated phosphogypsum exhibits minimal efficiency in adsorbing synthetic dyes due to its unfavorable surface chemistry. Our investigation revealed that Zn activation induced a noticeable increase in pore volume from 0.03 to 0.06 cm3·g−1. A 60 mg·L−1 sorbent dose, pH 7, 150 r·min−1, and operational temperature of 30 °C produced 99% quantitative sorption efficiency. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network were used to optimize process parameters by validating experimental values. No detectable toxicity was observed in Escherichia coli when exposed to the treated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the increasing environmental challenges and the urgent need for sustainable development, this study focuses on the complex issue of mineral resource management. Given the growing global demand for minerals and the environmental impact of extraction, the research seeks to uncover the solutions that promote green growth while effectively addressing the ecological consequences of resource utilization in China. In the study, six factors, twenty‐four sub‐factors, and five potential solutions have been identified influencing sustainable mineral resource management and green growth. The study utilizes fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess these factors and sub‐factors. Following, the study utilizes fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate and rank five potential solutions for sustainable development. The fuzzy AHP results indicate that environmental impact mitigation, robust policy frameworks, and innovation in extraction techniques are the most crucial factors. The fuzzy TOPSIS findings indicate that technological innovation for sustainability ranks highest, followed by policy‐driven green growth, socio‐economic empowerment, enhanced environmental stewardship, and integrated circular economy approaches. These findings emphasize the critical role of advanced technologies and robust policies in promoting sustainability while addressing the socio‐economic and environmental dimensions of mineral resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This work designed and synthesized a series of functionalized copper phenylacetylides (R‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu) for highly efficient degradation of dye pollutants with light irradiation. Different growth modes caused by the introduction of different functional groups were studied and demonstrated. Among all the prepared samples, 3‐OH‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu performed the highest activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation under full spectrum light irradiation. Under full spectrum light and sunlight irradiation, the highest photodegradation capability of MO with the concentration of 600 mg/L can be achieved to 595.73 mg/g, which is about 30 times higher than the raw Ph‐C≡C‐Cu, 6.5 times higher than that by P25, and 18 times higher than that by g‐C3N4. It shows good universality for the conditions of basic room temperatures (20–50 °C), pH of 4–9 and the co‐existence of most ions. It also has good photodegradation effect on other dye pollutants, such as carmine, malachite green (MG), congo red (CR), and sunset yellow (SY). This highly efficient photodegradation of MO by 3‐OH‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu is demonstrated to its strong hydrophilicity with the water contact angle of 35.1°, which results in the good contact of dye molecules on its surface. This work prepared an efficient photodegradation material and significantly improved the photodegradation capacity of dye pollutants. It is highly expected to achieve practical application in the treatment of industrial printing and dyeing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one‐step green synthesis of wide band gap zinc oxide@zinc sulfide (ZnO@ZnS) core–shell nanostructures offers promising prospects in wastewater treatment. These nanostructures exhibit a porous nature crucial for effective dye adsorption, as evidenced by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and microscopic characterization. The synthesized material demonstrates high stability and minimal agglomeration, verified through BET analysis and zeta potential measurements. X‐ray powder diffraction confirms the presence of ZnO and ZnS phases. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the development of porous nanorods on the core surface, maximizing the surface area for dye adsorption. In wastewater treatment, the nanostructures exhibit notable performance, degrading 90% of malachite green and 50% of rhodamine B dyes within 120 min under normal conditions. Detailed discussions delve into the degradation mechanism, elucidating the major species responsible for the process. This study underscores the potential of ZnO@ZnS nanostructures in efficient organic pollutant removal, marking a significant advancement in environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective and easily regenerated adsorbent is the one for which scientists are making an effort to explore. In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized in a green manner from a leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala and used for dye adsorption. XRD, FTIR, and SEM were employed for the characterization of CuO NPs. The crystallite size of the CuO NPs was calculated via Debye–Scherrer equation from the XRD data and was found to be 8.33 nm. The Cu–O bonding bending vibration at 1116 cm− 1 and stretching vibration at 1649 cm− 1 observed from the FTIR data strongly confirmed the formation of CuO NPs. SEM morphology analysis confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with a plate-like morphology and a spherically random orientation. The zero-point charge of CuO NPs was investigated and reported to be at pH 7. The adsorption of dyes on the greenly produced CuO NPs was studied by optimizing different adsorption parameters. The removal efficiencies of the green CuO NPs adsorbent were 99.54% at the optimum conditions (pH, 4; dye concentration, 30 mg/L; amount of adsorbent, 0.25 g; and contact time, 80 min) and 98.33% at the optimum conditions (pH, 11; dye concentration, 20 mg/L; amount of adsorbent, 0.4 g; and contact time, 80 min) for congo red and malachite green, respectively. The adsorption efficiency of the biosynthesized CuO NPs for the mixture of the two dyes was 92.3%. The green synthesized adsorbent was regenerated and able to work effectively for four cycles for the two dyes. The results of the kinetics-type investigation indicate that the adsorption of both dyes by the CuO NPs adsorbent best fits a pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm model-type investigation resulted in the fitting of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both the congo red and malachite green dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the physical and chemical properties and stability of magnetic MOFs, and to improve their adsorption and reuse performance, an innovative modification strategy involving hybridization with three-dimensional (3D) terminal carboxyl hyperbranched polymers was employed. A novel polymer composite material, Fe3O4@MOF/HBPC, was synthesized and its morphological characteristics were analyzed. The adsorption properties of Fe3O4@MOF/HBPC were tested by removing Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Various influencing factors, including dosage, pH, and temperature, as well as adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were investigated. The results showed that the stretching vibration peaks of Fe3O4@MOF/HBPC appeared at 1708 cm−1, 1408 cm−1, 1278 cm−1, 1112 cm−1, and 543 cm−1, corresponding to the C＝O, –COO−, O–H, C–O, and Fe–O bands, respectively. Fe3O4@MOF/HBPC exhibited a negative charge and a spherical structure. The composite material contained the elements O, C, Fe, and N, and the assembly process had a minimal impact on the crystal structure. For MG removal, the optimal reaction conditions were a dosage of 20 mg and pH 6. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and a Langmuir isotherm model, and it was found to be endothermic and spontaneous, involving both physical and chemical adsorption. Regarding recycling and reuse, Fe3O4@MOF/HBPC demonstrated a recycling efficiency of over 90.8%, with a removing efficiency of MG of above 87.5% after three cycles, indicating excellent stability and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of well-tailored semiconducting hybrid composites in purifying contaminated surface water is a greatly sought-after field. TiO2, a prominent photocatalyst with higher band energy, was hybridised with strontium-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles for the effective degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under solar light. A TiO2/Sr–Co3O4 composite with excellent visible light absorption ability and narrow band gap energy (Eg = 2.0 eV) was synthesised by applying a simple co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized catalyst were analysed through XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, HR-TEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, UV-DRS and surface properties were investigated via BET analysis. The doping of strontium metal on Co3O4 (p-type) acted as an electron facilitator to TiO2 (n-type) at the p–n hetero-junction of the TiO2/Sr–Co3O4 composite, increasing its efficiency towards photo-degradation of MG dye compared to pure Co3O4, TiO2, Sr–Co3O4, and Co3O4–TiO2 under solar irradiation. A maximum degradation of 92% occurred at pH 10 with a dye concentration of 20 ppm and catalyst dose of 0.02 g L−1 in 60 min under solar irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of MG dye by TiO2/Sr–Co3O4 followed pseudo first-order kinetics. TiO2/Sr–Co3O4 exhibited good stability by maintaining 80% degradation of MG dye after five consecutive cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo-responsive malachite green moieties have been incorporated into an alkynylplatinum(II) bzimpy system. The photo-caged complexes in acetonitrile solutions exhibit self-assembly properties modulable by photo-removal of the cyano protecting group. Distinct aggregate morphologies, which are facilitated by the non-covalent metal–metal and π–π stacking interactions, have been observed before and after photo-irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laccase is a copper‐containing polyphenol oxidase that can oxidize phenolic and non‐phenolic organic substrates. In the past decades, laccases had received considerable attention because of the ability to degrade various organic substances. Based on the codon preference of the Pichia pastoris expression system, this study optimized the gene structure of the laccase gene Lcc1 from Coprius cinerea through synthetic biology methods. A new gene Lcc1I was synthesized and heterologously expressed in P. pastoris. After 3 days of cultivation in a shake flask at 30°C, the transformants produced at a yield of 890 mg L−1protein. The highest production level of the recombinant laccase was 2760 U L−1. The molecular mass of the recombinant laccase was estimated at 60 kDa. The enzyme showed highest activity at pH 3.4 and 45°C. It possessed better stability at higher pH and lower temperature condition. Using 2,2'‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)−6‐sulphonate (ABTS) as the substrate, the Km and Vmax values were 0.136 mM and 9778 μM min−1 mg−1, respectively. The recombinant laccase could directly oxidize some triphenylmethane dyes like leuco‐crystal violet (LCV) and leuco‐malachite green (LMG). With the help of ABTS mediator, it could oxidize and degrade 77.7% crystal violet (CV) and 79.2% malachite green (MG) within 1 h. Our results indicate that optimization of the laccase gene achieves good expression results in the host system. The dye degradation model constructed in this study may also be applied to the degradation of other organic pollutants and toxic substances, providing new solutions for environmental remediation against the increasingly severe environmental pollution. Summary: This study optimized the gene structure of the laccase gene Lcc1 from Coprius cinerea using synthetic biology methods, which could be successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris.The recombinant laccase possessed better substrate affinity, reaction rate and capable of efficient degradation of triphenylmethane dyes.In the current context of increasingly severe organic pollution, the degradation model of dyes constructed in this study can be widely applied to environmental remediation dealing with various pollutantsCompared with traditional methods, the advantages including higher efficiency, lower cost, easier operation, and without secondary pollution, providing a new solution for environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge for modern society is securing quality water for various uses. Membrane water treatment will be crucial for drinking water, desalination, and wastewater reuse. The development of bismuth molybdate (Bi2MoO6) nanoparticles has enabled the production of novel Bi2MoO6‐incorporated cellulose acetate (CA) membrane nanocomposite. The synthesized Bi2MoO6/CA nanocomposites are thoroughly examined for their structural, morphological, and photocatalytic characteristics using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The photocatalytic properties are determined by evaluating the degradation of Malachite Green (MG) and Rose Bengal (RB) by the nanocomposite membranes under the illumination of a UV light simulator. Notably, the Bi2MoO6/CA nanocomposite membrane displays exceptional and sustained photocatalytic efficiency (78%) and (84%) in MG and RB dye degradation, respectively. Moreover, the effective loading of the Bi2MoO6 onto the CA membrane enhances electron and hole adsorption while facilitating carrier movement. Furthermore, the stability exhibited by the Bi2MoO6/CA nanocomposite photocatalysts remains impressive even after multiple cycles, demonstrating their durability. This research introduces a cutting‐edge semiconductor‐based hybrid nanocomposite material that proves highly efficient in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, showcasing promising advancements in environmental remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An oxidase (OXD) -like AuAg@AuNPs nanozyme was prepared by Au seeds growth using dopamine carbon dots as reducing and capping agents. The AuAg@AuNPs show excellent OXD-like and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activities and can oxidize the non-Raman-active leucomalachite green (LMG) into the Raman-active malachite green (MG). The research displays that D-penicillamine (D-PA) can effectively inhibit the OXD-like activity of Au@AgNPs and enhance the SERS signals as substrate. It is attributed to the formation of S–Au bond due to thiol (-SH) in D-PA. Therefore, a highly sensitive and specific SERS dual-readout sensing platform was proposed to assay D-PA with a limit of detection of 0.1 μg/mL (direct SERS mode) and 6.64 μg/L (indirect SERS mode). This approach was successfully used to determine D-PA in actual pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple method has been developed for semi-quantitative analysis of the colorimetric output of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) using a 3D-printed tube holder with a smartphone and notebook for the detection of Raillietina, which is the cause of Raillietiniasis affecting free-range chicken farming. In this method, a light is directed from a notebook screen to the LAMP products in the tube holder and the color absorption of the LAMP products is measured by using the appropriate smartphone application. It was found that the malachite green dye-coupled LAMP (MaG-LAMP) assay showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting Raillietina without any cross-reaction with other related parasites and hosts. The limit of detection was 10 fg/μL of DNA. A total of 60 fecal samples were infectively confirmed by microscopic examination and the results of microscopy compared with those of MaG-LAMP and triplex PCR assays. Microscopy and MaG-LAMP based on the color absorption demonstrated high agreement in Raillietina detection with kappa = 1. Rapid, simple, cost-effective, and easy interpretation of colorimetric LAMP assays and their high sensitivity make them superior to PCR and morphological investigation, demonstrating the feasibility of this assay in point-of-care screening to support farm management and solve chicken health problems. Our study presents is an alternative diagnostic method using semi-quantitative analysis of colorimetric LAMP based on the differing solution color absorptions between positive and negative reactions for infectious disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key strategy in enhancing the efficacy of collagen-based hydrogels involves incorporating polysaccharides, which have shown great promise for wound healing. In this study, semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (semi-IPN) hydrogels comprised of collagen (Col) with the macrocyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (20–80 wt.%) were synthesised. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful fabrication of these Col/β-CD hydrogels, evidenced by the presence of characteristic absorption bands, including the urea bond band at ∼1740 cm−1, related with collagen crosslinking. Higher β-CD content was associated with increased crosslinking, higher swelling, and faster gelation. The β-CD content directly influenced the morphology and semi-crystallinity. All Col/β-CD hydrogels displayed superabsorbent properties, enhanced thermal stability, and exhibited slow degradation rates. Mechanical properties were significantly improved with contents higher than β-CD 40 wt.%. These hydrogels inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria and facilitated the controlled release of agents, such as malachite green, methylene blue, and ketorolac. The chemical composition of the Col/β-CD hydrogels did not induce cytotoxic effects on monocytes and fibroblast cells. Instead, they actively promoted cellular metabolic activity, encouraging cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, cell signalling modulation was observed, leading to changes in the expression of TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines. In summary, the results of this research indicate that these novel hydrogels possess multifunctional characteristics, including biocompatibility, super-swelling capacity, good thermal, hydrolytic, and enzymatic degradation resistance, antibacterial activity, inflammation modulation, and the ability to be used for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, indicating high potential for application in advanced wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, grafting of acrylic acid and itaconic acid copolymer onto carboxymethyl cellulose backbone was performed by a free radical polymerization approach to decontamination of crystal violet and malachite green from aqueous media. To promote removal efficiency, various amounts of Cloisite 30B nanoclay were integrated into the hydrogel matrix, and the optimum value based on the removal performance was obtained 6 wt.%. The optimum pH values, initial concentration, and contact time were determined to be 7, 30 mg/L, and 140 min. The kinetic and equilibrium data were well defined by quasi-second-order and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacity of hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel from the Langmuir model was obtained at 45.87 and 58.48 mg/g for crystal violet and 25.51 and 36.36 mg/g for malachite green, respectively. The FTIR analysis before and after dye adsorption showed that electrostatic interaction is the main mechanism of the adsorption process. It can be concluded that synthesized adsorbents have high potential in wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past several decades, the world has been putting strong emphasis on the role of environmental technology innovation which can reduce environmental degradation and promote sustainable development. This research sheds light on the impact of green technology or eco innovation on sustainable development for China. Additionally, the effects of other variables such as governance, information and communication technology, trade uncertainty and urban population are also analysed. The study employs Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) as the long run tests and Breitung and Candelon Spectral Granger-Causality as the time varying granger causality test. The results suggest that green innovation promotes sustainable development in the long run. The roles of governance quality and urbanization are also found to be positive while the role of ICT is found to be insignificant yet negative. The role of trade uncertainty is positive yet insignificant. Based on these results, the study calls for the private and public organizations and industries to invest in eco innovation. Different incentives from the government can also encourage private industries to invest in green innovation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) belong to a novel superfamily of heme peroxidases that can oxidize recalcitrant compounds. In the current study, the GlDyP2 gene from Ganoderma lucidum was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzymatic properties of the recombinant GlDyP2 protein were investigated. The GlDyP2 protein could oxidize not only the typical peroxidase substrate ABTS but also two lignin substrates, namely guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxy phenol (DMP). For the ABTS substrate, the optimum pH and temperature of GlDyP2 were 4.0 and 35 °C, respectively. The pH stability and thermal stability of GlDyP2 were also measured; the results showed that GlDyP2 could function normally in the acidic environment, with a T50 value of 51 °C. Moreover, compared to untreated controls, the activity of GlDyP2 was inhibited by 1.60 mM of Mg2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and ethanol; 0.16 mM of Cu2+, Zn2+, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and Na2EDTA·2H2O; and 0.016 mM of Fe2+ and SDS. The kinetic constants of recombinant GlDyP2 for oxidizing ABTS, Reactive Blue 19, guaiacol, and DMP were determined; the results showed that the recombination GlDyP2 exhibited the strongest affinity and the most remarkable catalytic efficiency towards guaiacol in the selected substrates. GlDyP2 also exhibited decolorization and detoxification capabilities towards several dyes, including Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Brilliant Blue X-BR, Reactive Black 5, Methyl Orange, Trypan Blue, and Malachite Green. In conclusion, GlDyP2 has good application potential for treating dye wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) as adsorbents to eliminate pollution causing dyes from water has attracted substantial attention in recent years because they can be easily isolated and reused. In this work, core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs in which magnetic Fe3O4 NPs as a core enclosed with a thick SiO2 shell were successfully synthesized by chemical co–precipitation followed by hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilanes in a mixture of ammonia, ethanol and water. The formation of core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs has been characterized by TEM, TEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR and VSM. TEM characterization revealed that several Fe3O4 NPs (around 10 nm) aggregated to form a Fe3O4 magnetic core and surrounded by an uniform SiO2 shell of 40-50 nm thickness to obtain Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic core–shell NPs. As synthesized core–shell NPs were employed as adsorbent for elimination of two cationic toxic dyes, crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Further, different adsorption parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage and contact times of the dyes were found to enhance the adsorption of cationic dyes. At neutral pH 7 the cationic dyes could be speedily removed from aqueous solution with high efficiency. It has been observed that 0.35 g of adsorbent dosage is sufficient for 95% of dye removal efficiency. The contact time is optimised for 20 min for both the dyes. The Langmuir model adsorption isotherm is best suitable which indicates that the cationic dyes adsorption behaviour of Fe3O4@SiO2 is a homogeneous monolayer chemisorption process. The adsorptive binding of CV/MG with Fe3O4@SiO2 was directed through electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the magnetic adsorbents could be easily reused and regenerated with almost no adsorption capability is significantly reduced up to 5 cycles. So, the Fe3O4@SiO2 is an efficient and reusable adsorbent for rapid and removal of cationic dyes from the aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, silver-loaded biochar (C-Ag) was acquired from a waste fish scale, and nanocellulose (CNF) was prepared from the waste wheat stalk. Then C-Ag was loaded into chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (CTS-PVA) with CNC as a reinforcement agent, and a novel nanocomposite material was acquired, which could be efficiently applied for antibacterial and dye removal. By plate diffusion analysis, the inhibition areas of C-Ag-CTS-PVA-CNF (C/CTS/PVA/CNF) hydrogel against E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus ATCC6538, and P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 could reach 22.5 mm, 22.0 mm, and 24.0 mm, respectively. It was found that the antibacterial rate was 100% in the water antibacterial experiment for 2 h, and the antibacterial activity was more than 90% within 35 days after preparation, and the antibacterial rate was more than 90% after repeated antibacterial tests for five times. Through swelling, water adsorption, water loss rate, and water content tests, the hydrogel manifested good moisturizing properties and could effectually block the loss of water and improve the stability of the C/CTS/PVA/CNF hydrogel. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were built, and the adsorption capacity of hydrogel to dye was analyzed, and the dye removal was more consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The best removal effect for Congo red was 96.3 mg/g. The C/CTS/PVA/CNF hydrogel had a remarkable removal efficacy on Malachite green, Methyl orange, Congo red, and Methylene blue. As a result, the C/CTS/PVA/CNF hydrogels had robust antibacterial properties and reusability. In addition, the present research developed a facile strategy for effectual dyes removal from the aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a nonlinear-optics-based nanosensor to detect malachite green (MG) contaminants on semiconductor interfaces such as silicon (Si). Applying the simplified bond hyperpolarizability model (SBHM), we simplified the second-harmonic generation (SHG) analysis of an MG-Si(111) surface and were able to validate our model by reproducing experimental rotational anisotropy (RA) SHG experiments. For the first time, density functional theory (DFT) calculations using ultrasoft pseudopotentials were implemented to obtain the molecular configuration and bond vector orientation required by the SBHM to investigate and predict the second-harmonic generation contribution for an MG-Si 001 surface. We show that the SBHM model significantly reduces the number of independent components in the nonlinear tensor of the MG-Si(111) interface, opening up the possibility for real-time and non-destructive contaminant detection at the nanoscale. In addition, we derive an explicit formula for the SHG far field, demonstrating its applicability for various input polarization angles. Finally, an RASHG signal can be enhanced through a simulated photonic crystal cavity up to 4000 times for more sensitivity of detection. Our work can stimulate more exploration using nonlinear optical methods to detect and analyze surface-bound contaminants, which is beneficial for environmental monitoring, especially for mitigating pollution from textile dyes, and underscores the role of nonlinear optics in real-time ambient-condition applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, La@MxOy/TiO2 (M = V, Cr, Mn and Fe) composite catalysts were prepared based on the sol–gel method as an effective adsorbent and photocatalyst for the degradation of malachite green from an aqueous solution under UV–Vis light. Under experimental conditions, a maximum adsorption capacity of 57.10% for the malachite green dye was achieved with La@Fe2O3/TiO2. Moreover, this composite showed 78.62% photodegradation efficiency for malachite green. A quadratic model constructed using the response surface method showed that the maximum efficiency of photodegradation of malachite green can be achieved at pH 11 and a process time of 35 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nanoparticles are presently employed in a multitude of applications due to their advantageous features, which encompass simplicity, non-toxicity, affordability, lack of pollutants, and environmentally friendly process. Utilization of Sargassum sp extract for producing nano-copper oxide is environmentally friendly. The study demonstrates the synthesis of nano-copper oxide facilitated by the macroalgae Sargassum sp. and its application in functionalizing cellulose acetate membrane to enhance dye adsorption capacity. The objective of the current study is to assess the properties of the green synthesis product of nano-copper oxide by employing Sargassum sp. macroalgae and its functionalized cellulose acetate membrane for the purpose of dye adsorption. METHODS: The preparation of Sargassum sp. extract involved utilizing quantities of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 grams, which were subsequently combined with a copper sulphate solution to yield nano-copper oxide. Nano-copper oxide was characterized using ultra violet-visual spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared techniques. Nano-copper oxide was introduced to bacterial acetate produced from pineapple peel waste to make a composite membrane and observed the antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus, and dye adsorption to Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Metanil Yellow, and Congo Red for 60 minutes contact time. FINDINGS: Nano-copper oxide is successfully synthesized using macroalgae Sargassum sp. proved by wavelength of ultra violet-visual spectroscopy results at 300 nanometer and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis that denotes the presence of copper at 0.93 and 8.04 kilo electron volt. It has been verified that the inclusion of Sargassum sp. has effectively facilitated the production of nano-copper oxide. The findings from X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the crystallite size of the nano-copper oxide measures approximately 19.5 nanometers. Adding nano-copper oxide as much as 2.0 weight percent into cellulose acetate membrane reduces membrane crystalline index from 88.6 percent to 85.7 percent but gives benefit in increasing the anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The adsorption capacity is enhanced for Methylene Blue and Malachite Green dyes, whereas it is diminished for Metanil Yellow and Congo Red dyes. CONCLUSION: Sargassum sp. was effectively employed as a reducing agent to synthesize nano-copper oxide, with an optimal concentration of 5.0 grams for achieving green synthesis. The copper metal obtained through green synthesis exhibits a spherical morphology and possesses an average crystallite size of approximately 19.5 nanometers. It has a percentage atomic weight of 60.6 percent. Introducing nano-copper oxide by 2.0 weight percent into bacterial cellulose acetate membrane reduces the crystalline index from 88.6 percent to 85.7 percent. The rise in nano-copper oxide content within the cellulose acetate membrane leads to a proportional increase in the membrane's antibacterial properties. Additionally, the adsorption of cationic dye in cellulose acetate composite is enhanced, while the adsorption of anionic dye is diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fixed-bed column study for the removal of malachite green (MG) from the aqueous phase was demonstrated using strategically dewaxed honeycomb powder (HCP). The removal efficiency was tested at several working parameters of the column, in particular, the column bed height, initial dye concentration, working pH, and the flow rate. Breakthrough curves have been plotted using the throughput volume versus concentration ratio for different parameters to identify the pathway of uptake. Thomas and bed depth service time (BDST) kinetic models have been applied to obtain the rate constants and the uptake capacity. The BDST model suggests an adsorption capacity of 196.28 mg L–1. The column performance was seen to vary with solution pH and was found favourable at higher pH values. The adsorption rate decreases with increasing flow rate but increases with increasing concentration of the dye. Easy regeneration ensures multi-cycle operations. The mechanism of dye adsorption by HCP has been proposed as a blend of electrostatic attraction and weak forces. Henceforth, the use of HCP for the removal of MG in column mode may be extrapolated to serve as a promising agent in the treatment of dye-containing water and wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have applied a green chemistry approach for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using Copper (II) nitrate trihydrate and the leaf extract of Alternanthera dentata plant (ADLE). The UV-vis, FTIR and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ADLE revealed the presence of a wide variety of bioactive phytochemical constituents in ADLE. In addition to that, we have used the Density Functional Theory (DFT) in order to investigate the stability of CuO bio-nanocomposites. The study of orbital energies of phytochemicals with their highest norm percentage shows that the charge transfers between Distearyl Thiodipropionate to CuO are more dominant as compared to the other phytochemical constituents. Furthermore, it has the highest molecular weight compared to the other phytocompounds. Therefore, these reveal that Distearyl Thiodipropionate is responsible for the stability of CuO nanostructures. The average crystalline size of the CuO NPs is found to be 7.38 nm with 0.27 nm inter-planer spacing with the (110) plane. The fabricated nanoparticles are then employed for the degradation of Congo Red (CR), Malachite Green (MG) and their mixed dye (MD) in the presence of UV light. We have achieved more than 96% degradation with 30 mgL-1 of CuO NPs in the case of all dye solutions, which is the best result to date. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed prominent activity against pathogenic bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC1705) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538p) which signifies that the antibacterial activity of the CuO NPs is directly proportional to their concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the photodegradation of Malachite Green (MG) using a new composite of river sediment (Sd) and synthesized TiO2 (Sd-TiO2-X%). TiO2 powder was synthesized using the sol–gel method and catalyst composites Sd-TiO2-X% (X = 10%, 15%, and 20%) were obtained using the wet impregnation. The photocatalytic performance of the composites was investigated using Box–Behnken design and results in the optimal parameters of %TiO2 (%) = 19.73, [MG] (ppm) = 42.25, and pH 9.58. Furthermore, Sd-TiO2-20% demonstrated exceptional stability and performance after undergoing five cycles. The scavenging tests for free radicals strongly confirmed the activity of superoxide ions (O2⋅−) and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) as the primary species responsible for degrading MG. The findings highlight the synergetic effect between river sediment and TiO2 in the photodegradation of organic pollutants-contaminated wastewater. This confirms the potential of valorizing sediments for promising and sustainable depollution applications using sediment-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant influence of green human resource management (GHRM) on a firm's environmental performance (EP) has garnered considerable attention in recent literature. Research on GHRM has primarily focused on its impact on employee green behavior or outputs, neglecting its role as an organizational-level resource in facilitating the implementation of environmental strategy (ES). Additionally, limited attention has been paid to the influence of green consciousness (GC) of top managers on this process. Drawing on the resource-based view and upper echelons theory, this study employed a moderated mediation model to explore the relationships among ES, GHRM and GC of top managers. Data were collected from questionnaire responses of 476 senior executives from Chinese warehousing or logistics firms, gathered in three phases using a time-lagged approach. Results indicated that GHRM partially mediates the relationship between ES and EP. Additionally, it was found that GC of top managers moderates the relationship between ES and GHRM, acting as a boundary condition for the mediating effect of GHRM on EP. The study concludes with a discussion of several theoretical and practical implications arising from these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facile, controllable and efficient SERS substrate preparation has always been the focus project in the SERS field, especially the solid-state nanoarray substrate. Herein, a simple and convenient method for preparing a series of homogeneous Ag-stepped nanocone arrays (Ag-SNCAs) using polymer nanocompression printing is presented. By analyzing the 1162cm−1 characteristic peak of crystal violet (CV), the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the Raman intensity was only 4.71%. The detection limit of malachite green (MG) reached 0.001ppm, and it also has good SERS detection results for drug molecules such as melamine, methadone, morphine, methamphetamine and thiabendazole. This work provides a large area uniform and controllable preparation method of sharp cone nanostructure array, which has important application in plasmonic photocatalysis and deep light field regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic hydrogen production with simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants by using solar energy provide a promising strategy to solve the energy and environmental issue in the future. However, for onefold wide band-gap semiconductor, the poor photocatalytic efficiency limits its application on a large scale due to its easy recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs and low solar energy utilization. Herein, a novel Z-scheme BiVO 4 (040)-Bi-(NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm@BiOBr)/Bi photocatalyst is prepared via photo-assisted isoelectric point method. In this composite photocatalyst, up-convention luminescence material, NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm, can offer more ultraviolet light and visible light to intensify the activations of BiOBr and metal Bi nanoparticles, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of Z-scheme BiVO 4 (040)-BiOBr photocatalystic sytem, the spatial separation of the BiVO 4 (040) and BiVO 4 (110) facets and the presence of metal Bi surface plasmon resonance effect are contributed to the high-efficiency separation of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The experimental results show that as-prepared Z-scheme BiVO 4 (040)-Bi-(NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm@BiOBr)/Bi photocatalyst exhibits advanced photocatalytic hydrogen production amount (192.0 μm) and excellent degradation ratio of malachite green (88.51 %) under simulated sunlight irradiation for 5.0 h. The apparent quantum yield of the Z-scheme BiVO 4 (040)-Bi-(NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm@BiOBr)/Bi photocatalyst at 420 nm reaches a specific value of 5.8 %. In addition, Z-scheme BiVO 4 (040)-Bi-(NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm@BiOBr)/Bi photocatalyst also remains a high stability in the photocatalytic hydrogen production with simultaneous degradation of malachite green within six reuse. At last, the possible reaction mechanism and degradation pathways of malachite green caused by Z-scheme BiVO 4 (040)-Bi-(NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm@BiOBr)/Bi photocatalyst under simulated sunlight irradiation are put forward. • A high-efficiency BiVO 4 (040)-Bi-(NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm@BiOBr)/Bi photocatalyst is prepared. • NaYF 4 :Er,Yb,Tm offers UV and VS lights to intensify activations of BiOBr and Bi. • The occurrence of SPR effect of Bi nanoparticles inhibits e− and h+ recombination. • BiVO 4 achieves the separation of photo-induced carrier on the (040) and (110) facet. • Malachite green is used as sacrifice agent for enhancing photocatalytic H 2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compatible nanoparticle properties in photocatalytic applications are crucial. Within the scope of this investigation, we constructed a nanocomposite of ZnO and CuCo 2 O 4 (ZnO/CuCo 2 O 4) to boost the photocatalytic properties of ZnO by constructing ZnO/CuCo 2 O 4 nanocomposite using Artocarpus altili s leaves extracts (AALE). Essential secondary metabolites contribute to the origin of weak bases and capping agents to form the spherical shape of ZnO/CuCo 2 O 4. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) are some of the techniques that are utilized for the validation of nanocomposite properties, such as vibrational, crystallinity, band gap, morphology, particle size, and elemental composition. The formation of ZnO/CuCo 2 O 4 decreased the bandgap energy and enhanced the photocatalytic performance by 93.01 % under visible light irradiation for 2 h. ZnO/CuCo 2 O 4 followed pseudo-second-order kinetic in the photodegradation of malachite green (MG). It is noted that the increase in photocatalytic characteristics can be brought about by the narrower band gap of ZnO and increased kinetic rate toward dye degradation. Radical species analysis was of utmost importance in acknowledging that holes (h+) were the most crucial species that were indispensable to MG degradation. The photodegradation efficiency of the recycled catalyst only declines by approximately 12 % after five cycles of consumption. This study demonstrates a compelling method using plant extracts to prepare visible-light response ZnO-based nanocomposites for better photocatalytic activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to comparatively investigate the morphological and optical characteristics of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a function of the preparation conditions. A series of ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by facile precipitation method at constant temperature, by varying the zinc sources (zinc acetate, zinc nitrate and zinc chloride) or the precipitant nature (hexamethylenetetramine, urea). The structural, morphological and optical attributes of the prepared ZnO samples were assessed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis and photoluminescence analyses. The morphology of the achieved samples varies from spiky sticks to hexagons or foils with irregular shapes, observing that urea favour the development of two- or three-dimensional ZnO nanostructures, while hexamethylenetetramine predominantly triggered the formation of highly organized one-dimensional structures. The XRD patterns of all ZnO samples matches zincite crystalline hexagonal phase and the evaluation of crystallite size revealed higher values for the samples prepared in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). The optical band gap of ZnO NPs, as estimated from the UV–Vis absorption spectra, varied slightly from 3.13 to 3.21 eV, while fluorescence investigation proves that samples prepared with urea precipitant have a lower rate of charge recombination. Tests on the photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under UV light irradiation demonstrated that the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers play a significant role in the photocatalytic performance of ZnO samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose has become an attractive biodegradable material for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors. However, the development of nanofibrillar cellulose-based SERS substrates that are simultaneously flexible, highly sensitive, uniform, and stable remains a great challenge. Herein, a highly sensitive, reliable, and flexible gold nanoparticle-decorated bacterial nanocellulose (AuNPs@BNC) SERS substrate with three-dimensional (3D) high-density hot spots was constructed by the combination of in situ chemical reduction and vacuum filtration. The homogeneous AuNPs were grown in situ on the surface of networked bacterial cellulose nanofibers to form 3D high-density SERS hotspots. In addition, the hydrophilic BNC with good adsorption and permeability properties could capture target molecules in the high-density hotspot region to further enhance the SERS performance. As a result, the 3D AuNPs@BNC SERS substrate not only demonstrates a high detection sensitivity of up to 1.0 × 10–10 M and an enhancement factor of 1.8 × 107 for methylene blue molecules but also shows excellent signal reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 8.3%) and long-term storage stability (over two months). Furthermore, the flexible 3D AuNPs@BNC SERS substrate is also able to detect trace malachite green (MG) with a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10–11 M and prominent signal homogeneity of RSD = 7.8%. Besides, hazardous MG residues on the surface of shrimp could be directly identified by using flexible AuNPs@BNC SERS substrates through a feasible wipe-and-peel method. The flexible, reliable, and stable AuNPs@BNC substrate is promising for direct, sensitive, and rapid on-site detection of toxic molecules on seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nNovelty statementThis study was aimed at evaluating the removal of different cationic dyes onto phosphoric acid-activated coconut shell carbon. The activated carbon was characterized for surface functional groups, thermal decomposition profiles, surface morphology, and textural properties. The specific area was recorded as 1,221 m2/g with 100% mesoporosity. On molecular basis, the activated carbon adsorbs malachite green, methylene blue, and rhodamine B at maximum capacities of 1.52 mmol/g, 0.80 mmol/g, and 0.58 mmol/g, respectively. It indirectly implies the selectivity of activated carbon toward malachite green, and behaves differently due to steric hindrance of dye molecules. All equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir model, while the kinetic data are closely fitted to pseudo-second order model as concentration increases. To conclude, coconut shell activated carbon is more effective to remove malachite green compared to methylene blue and rhodamine B.This paper is expected to give a further insight into the valorization of coconut shell into activated carbon, and its re-purpose for the remediation of dye-contaminated streams, for which methylene blue, malachite green and rhodamine B were used as model pollutants. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of research on the selective removal of malachite green over the other two dyes onto coconut shell activated carbon, which to the best of our knowledge is still absent in the open literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the pressing issue of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater was addressed by designing and fabricating a magnetically separable MnFe2O4/rGO heterostructure catalyst for efficient mineralization of bisphenol A (BPA) and dyes such as alizarin red S (anionic) and malachite green (cationic), which are known for their resistance to biodegradation and carcinogenic properties. Comprehensive structural and surface analyses using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM/HRTEM coupled with magnetic and optical property measurements revealed the formation of the MnFe2O4/rGO heterostructures. Among all, the MnFe2O4/rGO-10 catalyst with 10% wt% of rGO exhibited 100% efficiency in the mineralization of BPA and both dyes under visible light illumination within 60 min. The stability and recyclability of the catalyst, assessed through XRD and VSM studies, demonstrated its consistent performance over multiple uses. The cost-effectiveness and stability of this catalyst underscore its potential for practical application in wastewater treatment, offering a viable solution to the persistent challenge of removing stubborn organic contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of nanomaterials for dye degradation has garnered significant interest due to their efficiency, environmental benefits, and cost‐effectiveness. In this study, a nanocomposite adsorbent composed of α‐Fe2O3 coupled with carbon derived from eco‐friendly corn husk has been developed. This material effectively captured cationic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG), from aqueous solutions, including industrial dye effluent from local industry. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated rapid removal of MB and MG from the solution without the need for additional oxidizing or reducing agents. The adsorption conditions by varying parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature have been optimized. Adsorption isothermal studies indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model best explained the adsorption process. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo‐first‐order model for MB, while the intraparticle diffusion model is more appropriate for MG. Moreover, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent reusability and regenerability for dye adsorption. Our study showcases the effectiveness of the synthesized nanocomposite adsorbent, comprising α‐Fe2O3 integrated with carbon derived from eco‐friendly corn husk using a simple and sustainable methodology, in efficiently removing cationic dyes from textile wastewater. This approach offers a promising solution for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malachite green dye, widely used in various industries, poses significant threats to aquatic life and human health when present in water bodies. Traditional dye removal methods have limitations, prompting the need for innovative and sustainable solutions. This study investigates the potential of nano-ceramic clays, nano-silica clay, nano-kaolinite, nano-montmorillonite, and nano-titanium dioxide for removing malachite green dye (MGD) from water and wastewater. These clays exhibit exceptional properties, including high surface areas, specific structural characteristics, and enhanced reactivity, making them highly effective adsorbents. Various characterization techniques, such as UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR analysis, XRD, SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and BET analysis, were employed to analyse the properties of the raw and activated nano-ceramic clays. Continuous flow column experiments investigated the impact of various factors on the adsorption process. Characterization revealed critical insights into the structure, morphology, and surface properties of the nano-ceramic clays. Adsorption experiments demonstrated their effectiveness, with nano-silica clay achieving an efficient adsorption capacity under optimal conditions (pH 5, particle size 50 nm, temperature 35 °C, bed height 15 cm, dye concentration 50 mg/L, flow rate 5 mL/min, and duration 14 h), leading to 99.9% dye removal. Mathematical modelling predicted breakthrough curves for designing full-scale adsorption systems and in kinetics obeys Clark's model and Sips isotherm model indicated that factors beyond diffusion influence the adsorption rate and type IV isotherm is obtained by the BET analysis. Regeneration studies with a 98.5% removal efficiency at the first regeneration validated the nano-ceramic clay as an effective agent dye removal, offering significant environmental benefits. Future research should focus on developing more economical synthesis methods to enhance the practical and sustainable application of nano-ceramic clays in water and wastewater treatment, thereby mitigating dye pollution effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The lignin in paddy and wheat straws is highly resistant to degradation, and burning the same is a global warming issue. Dye degrading ability and expression of three vp genes were studied in Pleurotus ostreatus and Fusarium sp. cultures. High enzymatic activity and the vp2 gene were observed in the Fusarium sp. culture, which makes it an alternate fungal species for lignin degradation. Lignocellulosic biomass is contemplated to be an inexpensive and copious feedstock that can be used for numerous industrial applications. However, lignin forms the lignin sheath and provides a physical barrier to enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, lignin physically blocks cellulase, preventing it from being combined with the substrate in a process known as non-productive binding. Therefore, the depletion of lignin is a crucial method for obtaining fermentable sugars from the lignocellulosic biomass. Different white-rot fungi secrete different sets of lignin-mineralizing enzymes and each fungus secretes one or more of the three enzymes essential for lignin degradation. Among efficient redox enzymes, versatile peroxidase is extensively studied for its ability to degrade aromatics without the need for a mediator or polyvalent catalytic site. However, the presence of versatile peroxidase in F. spp. has not been studied. This study was planned with the objective of screening and comparing the production of versatile peroxidase enzymes from F. spp. and a standard culture of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC-142. These fungal strains were first screened on solid media containing tannic acid, malachite green, or bromocresol green. The potency index for the tannic acid, malachite green, and bromocresol green on the 16th day of incubation was reported to be 1.28, 1.07, 1.09, and 1.10, respectively. Versatile peroxidase production patterns were investigated under solid state fermentation conditions for a period of 25 days at different temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 °C. The highest versatile peroxidase activity (592 UL−1) in F. sp. was observed at 30 °C after the 7th day of incubation. The molecular confirmation showed the presence of the vp gene in F. sp. along with Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC-142. The results determined that F. sp. possesses a versatile peroxidase enzyme and is able to degrade lignin efficiently, and thus it could be utilized as an alternative to other ligninolytic enzyme-producing fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor oxides are frequently used as active photocatalysts for the degradation of organic agents in water polluted by domestic industry. In this study, sol-gel ZnO thin films with a grain size in the range of 7.5–15.7 nm were prepared by applying a novel two-step drying procedure involving hot air treatment at 90–95 °C followed by conventional furnace drying at 140 °C. For comparison, layers were made by standard furnace drying. The effect of hot air treatment on the film surface morphology, transparency, and photocatalytic behavior during the degradation of Malachite Green azo dye in water under ultraviolet or visible light illumination is explored. The films treated with hot air demonstrate significantly better photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet irradiation than the furnace-dried films, which is comparable with the activity of unmodified ZnO nanocrystal powders. The achieved percentage of degradation is 78–82% under ultraviolet illumination and 85–90% under visible light illumination. Multiple usages of the hot air-treated films (up to six photocatalytic cycles) are demonstrated, indicating improved photo-corrosion resistance. The observed high photocatalytic activity and good photo-corrosion stability are related to the hot air treatment, which causes a reduction of oxygen vacancies and other defects and the formation of interstitial oxygen and/or zinc vacancies in the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) tools were employed to forecast the adsorption capacity of Malachite green (MG) by baru fruit endocarp waste (B@FE) under diverse conditions, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature. Enhanced adsorption efficiency was notably observed under alkaline pH conditions (pH 10). Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process closely followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium studies revealed the Langmuir isotherm as the most suitable model, estimating a maximum adsorption capacity of 57.85 mg g−1. Furthermore, the chemical adsorption of MG by B@FE was confirmed using the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Various ANN architectures were explored, employing different activation functions such as identity, logistic, tanh, and exponential. Based on evaluation metrics like the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), the optimal network configuration was identified as a 5–11-1 architecture, consisting of five input neurons, eleven hidden neurons, and one output neuron. Notably, the logistic activation function was applied in both the hidden and output layers for this configuration. This study highlights the efficacy of B@FE as an efficient adsorbent for MG removal from aqueous solutions and demonstrates the potential of ANN models in predicting adsorption behavior across varying environmental conditions, emphasizing their utility in this field. NOVELTY STATEMENT: The innovative aspect of this study lies in the utilization of a new and effective adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green (MG), derived from the fruit endocarp of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.). The baru fruit endocarp, typically discarded as solid waste during processing, was found to possess favorable characteristics for adsorption processes and provides an adsorption capacity that exceeds that of most other similar adsorbents. Additionally, integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) enables accurate modeling of the adsorption process, eliminating the need for extensive laboratory experiments. This contributes significantly to wastewater treatment research, enhancing effectiveness and sustainability in unwanted dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three‐dimensional Cu‐MOF (XJU‐1) was synthesized based on 5‐((4‐[1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl]benzyl)amino)isophthalic acid ligand (H3L), which showed excellent performance for Fenton‐like degradation of organic dyes (rhodamine B [RhB], methylene blue [MB], methyl orange [MO], methyl violet [MV], congo red [CR], malachite green [MG], xylenol orange [XO]). The results demonstrated that XJU‐1 could efficiently activate H2O2 to achieve 100% removal of RhB and MB with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L under 10 W light‐emitting diode ultraviolet light irradiation within 7 and 6 min, respectively. The possible degradation mechanism was investigated via active species capture experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, and the electrochemical analyses. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the principal active specie at the whole process, whereas superoxide radical (•O2−), singlet oxygen (1O2) could boost the Fenton‐like reaction for the mineralization of RhB and MB dyes. Possible degradation pathways of RhB and MB were assumed based on the testing results of intermediates. The studies showed that the XJU‐1 still maintained an excellent efficiency for RhB and MB degradation after five cycles. In addition, the iodine capture of XJU‐1 in cyclohexane solution was investigated, the results showed that XJU‐1 had excellent adsorption performance for iodine, and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 368 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The industrial applications of enzymes are usually hindered by the high production cost, intricate reusability, and low stability in terms of thermal, pH, salt, and storage. Therefore, the de novo design of nanozymes that possess the enzyme mimicking biocatalytic functions sheds new light on this field. Here, we propose a facile one-pot synthesis approach to construct Cu-chelated polydopamine nanozymes (PDA-Cu NPs) that can not only catalyze the chromogenic reaction of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP), but also present enhanced photothermal catalytic degradation for typical textile dyes. Compared with natural laccase, the designed mimic has higher affinity to the substrate of 2,4-DP with K m of 0.13 mM. Interestingly, PDA-Cu nanoparticles are stable under extreme conditions (temperature, ionic strength, storage), are reusable for 6 cycles with 97 % activity, and exhibit superior substrate universality. Furthermore, PDA-Cu nanozymes show a remarkable acceleration of the catalytic degradation of dyes, malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB), under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. These findings offer a promising paradigm on developing novel nanozymes for biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]