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The gift-giving tradition in Jeneponto, the land of the Makassar Tribe, has undergone significant transformation over time, reflecting changes in socio-economic ethics within societies. This study explores the evolution of this tradition and its profound impact on contemporary socio-economic values. It examines how gift-giving has transitioned from a simple act of goodwill and cultural exchange to a complex phenomenon influenced by consumerism, status, and economic disparities. Drawing from ethnographic research analysis, this research delves into the cultural and social significance of gift-giving in various contexts. It sheds light on how traditional values, such as reciprocity and generosity, have been reshaped by commercialization and global consumer culture. Furthermore, it investigates the consequences of these changes on individuals and communities. The study also discusses the ethical dilemmas arising from the commodification of gift-giving, including issues of authenticity, social inequality, and environmental sustainability. It highlights the need for a more conscious and responsible approach to gift-giving in the current situation.

This paper discusses the naming system, form, and significance of pakdaengang in Makassar culture. The results indicate that pakdaengang is an inherited trait and a standard requirement for members of the Makassar ethnic group eligible to bear it. For some people who are not ethnically Makassarese but have pakdaengang because of marriage, their services, accomplishments, or other contributions to the development of the region in which they reside, pakdaengang is inseparable from the embedding of words that are commonly categorized as "word classes" in linguistics. Pakdaengang comprises a single word. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and numbers such as pakdaengang undoubtedly serve a specific purpose. In addition to using the basic form, many affixes consisting of the prefixes ma-, pa-, ni-, and ta- are also employed. In addition, the preposition ri is used in conjunction with the place-designating word "pakdaengang." Men and women can also participate in pakdaengang. Pakdaengang, in a masculine term, relates to words that mean activity or protective work. Women, on the other hand, are attracted to the connotations of beauty and gentleness. The ma- and pa- prefixes in pakdaengang are typically attached to men. Whereas women typically employ the prefixes ni and ta. In the names of objects, properties, activities, and locations, pakdaengang represents a wish or prayer for goodness and safety. In addition, there is a straightforward affirmation of pakdaengang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrak: Dampak Leadership dan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Peningkatan SERVQUAL PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia TBK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh antara kepemimpinan dan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) terhadap peningkatan Kualitas layanan (SERVQUAL) di PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia yang ada di Makassar. Penelitian melibatkan 96 orang sampel yang merupakan karyawan yang bekerja sebagai frontliner pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dari kepemimpinan dan CSR terhadap peningkatan SERVQUAL pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia yang ada di Makassar. Hal ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia dalam menentukan pemimpin mereka di masa depan. Selain itu, program CSR apa yang cocok untuk dilaksanakan dalam rangka peningkatan SERVQUAL terhadap nasabah mereka.

Indonesia boasts the second-longest coastline in the world, with almost half of its cities surrounded by bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and seas. The waterfront areas of these cities are vital and could be developed as a brand for each city. Two examples of such cities are Makassar and Surabaya, which have been developing waterfront city projects to increase tourism and improve city infrastructure. However, in practice, strengthening the branding of waterfront cities still faces various challenges. This research analyzes the barriers to strengthening city branding, specifically for waterfront cities in Makassar and Surabaya, using a case study method with a comparative descriptive design. The Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach was used to systematically analyze the barriers to branding waterfront cities and determine the best strategies for strengthening their branding. The identification of barriers revealed 15 barriers, which were summarized into five categories and structured into seven levels. Barriers with the highest value of driver power should be prioritized in problem-solving. Finally, this paper discusses strategies for strengthening waterfront city branding in Indonesia and presents the research findings, including recommendations for policy makers, urban planners, and stakeholders to collaboratively enhance the branding efforts and overcome the identified challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Makassar City, South Sulawesi, is one of the important cities in Indonesia that has the potential to become the center of economic development, trade, and tourism in eastern Indonesia. In an effort to increase this potential, the Makassar City Government has formulated a policy on the governance of the Center Point of Indonesia development area. The method used in this research is the literature review method with data sources coming from, articles, books, reports, and other research. The results show that collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community is needed to implement existing policies. The governance policy of the Centre Point of Indonesia (CPI) development area in Makassar City aims to regulate and develop the area in a planned, sustainable manner, and involves various aspects such as spatial planning, environmental management, land use, and good transportation. Collaboration between local government, community, developers, investors, and related experts is the key to success in achieving successful development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the migration of the Bima people to the city of Makassar (1975 - 2007), by explaining the background of the migration and the reasons why Makassar was chosen as the destination. Likewise, it explores the migration process of the Bima people, as well as the pattern of adaptation of the Bima people in overseas areas in Makassar. This study uses historical methods which include heuristics or data collection obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Furthermore, criticism was made of the sources that had been collected, then interpreted or given an interpretation of these sources as well as historiography or historical writing which in turn gave birth to writings about the migration of the Bima people to Makassar (1975-2007). The results showed that the migration background of the Bima people to Makassar was influenced by the geographical conditions of Makassar city and also the historical relationship between Bima and Makassar. As for the reasons Makassar was chosen as a migration destination in order to continue education. The migration process of the Bima people to Makassar is not group but individual and has 3 motives, namely permanent, semi-permanent, and circular migration. As for the adaptation pattern of the Bima people so that they feel at home living in Makassar, namely adapting themselves and adapting to the local culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on research results conducted on first-time voters in the City of Makassar, South Sulawesi, in 2020. This paper aims to show the parent’s roles in the process of first-time voters forming initial political preferences, especially the ethics in political behavior within the widespread of social media as important information, including political information today. It affects the information for first-time voters’ political preferences formation, which at the same time has the potential to influence their understanding of ethics in politics. The fact is that social media is an open-source system where the information presented often provides bad and good information that cannot be detected earlier has made first-time voters potentially affected. It raises concerns about the potential negative effect of their behavior under the political ethics term. The unavailability of an early warning detection system on social media and the inexperience of first-time voters in receiving information wisely makes them vulnerable to receiving erroneous information. Therefore, the presence of parents is one of the hopes for this situation, including establishing moral and ethical understanding related to political behavior as an essential part of maintaining the sustainability of democracy in Indonesia.

This paper is based on research results conducted on first-time voters in the City of Makassar, South Sulawesi, in 2020. This paper aims to show the parent's roles in the process of first-time voters forming initial political preferences, especially the ethics in political behavior within the widespread of social media as important information, including political information today. It affects the information for first-time voters' political preferences formation, which at the same time has the potential to influence their understanding of ethics in politics. The fact is that social media is an open-source system where the information presented often provides bad and good information that cannot be detected earlier has made firsttime voters potentially affected. It raises concerns about the potential negative effect of their behavior under the political ethics term. The unavailability of an early warning detection system on social media and the inexperience of first-time voters in receiving information wisely makes them vulnerable to receiving erroneous information. Therefore, the presence of parents is one of the hopes for this situation, including establishing moral and ethical understanding related to political behavior as an essential part of maintaining the sustainability of democracy in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world are increasing, Indonesia ranks fourth after India, China, and America. The most common DM is type 2 DM (T2DM), which is about 90%. The incidence of T2DM is caused by people's lifestyles, which are influenced by socio-cultural factors. The highest risk of suffering from T2DM is prediabetes, which is a condition where a person's blood glucose level is higher than normal but not high enough to be categorized as T2DM. This study aims to determine the socio-cultural influence on the lifestyle of prediabetes causing T2DM in the Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja tribes in South Sulawesi Province. The research design is qualitative with the rapid assessment procedure method. The population were prediabetics from biomedical samples in 7 regencies of South Sulawesi Province at the time of Riskesdas 2013. The samples were residents who are still prediabetes and T2DM in Jeneponto Regency (Makassar Tribe), Pare-Pare City (Bugis Tribe), and Tana Toraja Regency (Toraja Tribe). Information collection was carried out in 2017 through focus group discussions with two groups, non T2DM and T2DM. In-depth interviews with health program managers at the health office, puskesmas officers, health cadres, and community leaders. The study explains that there is a socio-cultural influence of prediabetes, ethnic groups in South Sulawesi Province in shaping the lifestyle that causes T2DM. Socio-cultural influences are the use of vehicles and the habit of doing activities in the Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja tribes. The perception of obesity in the Bugis and Makassar tribes and the habit of consuming alcohol in the Toraja tribe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the urban areas in Indonesia, Makassar City has been experiencing massive expansion during the past decades, resulting in land-use changes and structures in the surrounding peri-urban areas. This study examines the land-use changes and socio-economic characteristics in Makassar City since 2001, then generates a projection of land-use changes of the next decade (the year 2031) in peri-urban areas, particularly in Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya sub-districts. Several Landsat Thematic Mapper imageries and Thematic Maps were used to analyze the land-use changes. In contrast, Cellular Automata-Markov Chain was used to simulate land-use projection and interviews to discover the community's socio-economic characteristics. According to the forecasting results, the area of built-up land was predicted to increase to 11531.4 ha or 67.27% in 2031, while the remaining vacant land (non-built-up land) was predicted to reach 5611.8 ha or 32.73%. A significant increase occurred in the total built area compared to land use conditions in 2016, and this is in line with the projected population growth amounting to 2,027,826 people by 2031. Based on these findings, the direction of coastal city development ought to be modified to restrict open land use. At the same time, spatial policies must be obeyed to prevent the loss of designated zones.

The shift from manual weather measurements to automation is almost inevitable. When switching to AWS (Automatic Weather Station), WMO requires parallel data testing between automatic and manual measurements to be performed. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a parallel test of AWS data using a simple statistical test that has been applied to three main weather parameters, namely temperature, pressure, humidity, rainfall, and wind direction and speed. The months of January and June were used as samples to represent the character of the wet and dry seasons in the Makassar monsoon area. The results of the analysis show that during the rainy season, only pressure and temperature are identical and homogeneous. Meanwhile, in the dry season, apart from these two parameters, humidity and wind speed are also homogeneous and rainfall is a non-homogeneous parameter in January and June. Both AWS and manual observations show that the influence of land-sea winds in Makassar is very strong. Considering that there are inhomogeneous parameters, it is highly recommended to test for a longer time, taking into account the season, the influence of other global phenomena, the effect of missing data and incorrect data testing various methods of homogeneity and characteristics in each place and their effect on forecasts.

The Tunggu Pampang Reservoir is one of the reservoirs located in the city of Makassar. The functions of the reservoir area was tourist attractions and fish farming locations so that the local community uses them for swimming, fishing, selling, and gardening. The existence of various types of freshwater snails in the reservoir has the potential to act as intermediate hosts for trematodes in animals and humans. This study aimed to analyze the type of cercariae in freshwater snails. This research is a descriptive survey to determine the distribution of trematode larvae. The stages of this research began with the snails were collected from Tunggu Pampang Reservoir, Makassar City. Freshwater snails were collected at several points in the reservoir. Freswater snail collection using hand collecting method. The snails were put into a plastic bag with different types of snails and site of collection. The collected samples and cercariae were examined in the Tropical Disease Laboratory of the Study Program of DIII Medical Laboratory Technology, Megarezky University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Freshwater snails are placed on a petri dish and their shells were gently crushed with a stamper. Dropped with aquadest on the crushed snail shell. The next step was observed using a microscope to determine the presence of cercariae. Cercariae found then identified according to morphological classification as previously study. A total number of 500 freshwater snail were collected in Tunggu Pampang Reservoir. The results showed that overall snails infected with cercariae was 33,4%. The highest prevalence of cercariae in Indoplanorbis exustus was 94.3%. Total of Echinostoma cercariae found (n = 224) compared to furcocercous cercariae (n = 5). Cercariae of Echinostoma sp., Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski living in Tungu Pampang Reservoir can cause diseases in humans and animals. Larval trematodes can be controlled in snails using reducing parasite contamination, monitoring surveillance, information dissemination, and preventive education.

This study aims to determine the factors causing the threat of extinction and the strategy of maintaining the sinrili tradition in the Makassar community. This study is based on library research with a descriptive approach. The results of this research reveal that the factors that cause the threat of extinction of the sinrili tradition in the Makassar community are:(1) Work as a singer is not considered as a main profession in Makassar, and is only seen as a side job. (2) The development of modern music which is more attractive to the younger generation poses a challenge to this tradition. (3) The quantity of sinrili in Makassar has deteriorated because the three sinrili maestros have died. There are five strategies for maintaining the sinrili tradition in the Makassar community, namely (1) the provision of a forum by the Government, in this case, the Office of Culture to form a sinrili community (2) developing the interest of the younger generations by holding cultural festivals and having sinrili competitions (3) teaching the sinrili tradition through art circles or clubs (4) documenting the sinrili oral literature, and (5) including the sinrili tradition in the teaching materials of local content subjects of Makassar regional culture. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that currently the process of regenerating singers is still going on through the process of legacy and learning, but at present, there is only one person who is good at singing and performing sinrili, namely Arif Rahman Daeng Rate. Thus, the condition of the sinrili tradition requires serious attention from all parties so that this tradition will remain sustainable and not go into extinction.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by a large degree of genetic variability because of high rates of recombination and mutation, sizable population sizes, and rapid replication. Therefore, this study investigated HIV-1 subtype distribution and the appearance of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in viruses that are prevalent in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The HIV-1 pol, env, and gag genes were amplified from 63 infected individuals and sequenced for a subtyping analysis. CRF01_AE was identified as the predominant HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Subtype B and recombinant viruses containing CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, and/or subtype B gene fragments were also detected. Several major DRMs against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced subjects, whereas ART-naive subjects did not possess any transmitted drug resistance. The prevalence of DRMs was very high among ART-experienced subjects; therefore, further surveillance is required in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the urban areas in Indonesia, Makassar City has been experiencing massive expansion during the past decades, resulting in land-use changes and structures in the surrounding peri-urban areas. This study examines the land-use changes and socio-economic characteristics in Makassar City since 2001, then generates a projection of land-use changes of the next decade (the year 2031) in peri-urban areas, particularly in Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya sub-districts. Several Landsat Thematic Mapper imageries and Thematic Maps were used to analyze the land-use changes. In contrast, Cellular Automata-Markov Chain was used to simulate land-use projection and interviews to discover the community's socio-economic characteristics. According to the forecasting results, the area of built-up land was predicted to increase to 11531.4 ha or 67.27% in 2031, while the remaining vacant land (non-built-up land) was predicted to reach 5611.8 ha or 32.73%. A significant increase occurred in the total built area compared to land use conditions in 2016, and this is in line with the projected population growth amounting to 2,027,826 people by 2031. Based on these findings, the direction of coastal city development ought to be modified to restrict open land use. At the same time, spatial policies must be obeyed to prevent the loss of designated zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the concept of religious tolerance in Bugis Makassar youth. This research is a construct realism qualitative research with an indigenous psychology approach. Indigenous psychology approach is used to explore individual understanding of a concept, especially the concept of tolerance which is inseparable from cultural and social influences. The respondents were 130 teenagers with the age ranged from 18 to 21 years old, and were asked to fill an open-ended questionnaire.. The results showed that religious tolerance was interpreted by Bugis Makassar youth as feelings and respect for other religions. The attitude towards others with different religion was indicated by feeling happy or okay and not having problem with different religion. The expression of religious tolerance was did not disturb others in doing their worships. Also, the response of the situation involving other religions' activities were welcoming and respecting other religions' activities. This finding indicated that individuals with religious tolerance are those who can respect and accept other religions in their surrounding environment.

Improving the accuracy of rainfall forecasts is related to the number of rain gauges needed in an area, so determining the optimal number of rain gauges is very important. This study aimed to determine the best method for calculating the optimal number of rain gauges. Generally, the calculation of the optimal number of rain gauges using the coefficient of variation only takes into account the accumulation of rainfall at the station. The distance between the location and height of the rain gauge is not taken into account. The phenomenon of rain that occurs in the tropics is very dynamic, where one place compared to another tends to have different rain intensity and duration. In addition, the height and distance factors also greatly affect the measured rainfall. Therefore, it is very important to know the best method to calculate the optimal number of rain gauges needed in a particular area. This study implements 3 methods to determine the appropriate method to be used in determining the optimal rain gauge number for urban areas: namely, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) criteria, coefficient of variation, and Kagan-Rodda. In this study, rainfall data from 2010 to 2019 at 5 locations in Makassar were used in calculating the optimal number of rain gauges required. The results showed that the optimal number of rain gauges in Makassar as an urban area following the WMO recommendation was 9–18, where small islands around it are not considered. Another result obtained is that if the rainfall data for the Sudiang area, which is located at the coordinates (119.522° E, 5.085° S), is not included in the calculation, it will greatly reduce the accuracy in determining the optimal number of rain gauges in the Makassar area.

Indonesia has various ethnics with different types of facial shapes and smiles. The facial shape, the condition of the teeth, and surrounding tissues significantly affect the esthetic smile. The study aimed to assess the three smile components on facial types of Senior High School children in Makassar, Indonesia. The subjects involved 198 students at three Senior High Schools. Each subject was photographed while smiling from the frontal direction and saying long "cheese". The images were measured with Adobe Photoshop CS6 program to determine the facial type and the lip line, smile arc, and smile symmetry. The data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical test. There were no significant relationships between the facial type and lip line, smile arc, as well as smile symmetry, but there was a significant relationship between gender and smile arc, as well as smile symmetry. The highest percentage of the student's facial type was mesofacial and the highest percentage of lip line position found in all facial types was the medium. There was a significant relationship between gender and smile arc, as well as smile symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift from manual weather measurements to automation is almost inevitable. When switching to AWS (Automatic Weather Station), WMO requires parallel data testing between automatic and manual measurements to be performed. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a parallel test of AWS data using a simple statistical test that has been applied to three main weather parameters, namely temperature, pressure, humidity, rainfall, and wind direction and speed. The months of January and June were used as samples to represent the character of the wet and dry seasons in the Makassar monsoon area. The results of the analysis show that during the rainy season, only pressure and temperature are identical and homogeneous. Meanwhile, in the dry season, apart from these two parameters, humidity and wind speed are also homogeneous and rainfall is a non-homogeneous parameter in January and June. Both AWS and manual observations show that the influence of land-sea winds in Makassar is very strong. Considering that there are inhomogeneous parameters, it is highly recommended to test for a longer time, taking into account the season, the influence of other global phenomena, the effect of missing data and incorrect data testing various methods of homogeneity and characteristics in each place and their effect on forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kampung is a historical form of vernacular urbanism in Indonesia with similar typologies occurring across Southeast Asia. As an urban form, it plays a crucial role in absorbing rural–urban migration symptomatic of not only postcolonial urbanisation in the Global South, but also precolonial and colonial trade networks. Kampung's adaptability in accommodating diverse aspirations and cultural influences makes it no less cosmopolitan than the formally planned cities it was situated in. This paper examines kampung's urbanism in contemporary Indonesia and theorises it as a form of subaltern cosmopolitanism. It reveals the interlaces of a localised regional practice of bottom-up urbanism with subnational and transnational professional design networks on the fringe of Indonesia's most rapidly "worlding" urban centre outside Java: Makassar. It reveals how urbanity is produced through a coalescence of sub-national diversity, mobile intellectual actors, and transnational network of design activism that spans the developing urban region of the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRAK Nematoda merupakan jenis endoparasit yang hidup dalam tubuh inang, ciriciri tubuhnya tidak bersegmen dan biasanya berbentuk silinder yang memanjang serta meruncing pada kedua ujungnya. Cacing Nematoda mempunyai kemampuan untuk beradaptasi terhadap jaringan inang sehingga umumnya tidak menimbulkan kerusakan serta gejala klinis yang berat tetapi dapat pula menjadi pathogen karena inang menderita malnutrisi atau terjadi penurunan daya imunitas tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi cacing Nematoda pada saluran pencernaan babi yang ada di Makassar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2015. Sampel diambil dari 50 ekor ternak babi di peternakan Panaikang, Makassar. Sampel diperiksa dengan metode Uji Apung selanjutnya jika positif ditemukan telur cacing Nematoda maka dilakukan Uji Mc Master untuk menghitung jumlah telur cacing per gram tinja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 18 sampel ditemukan positif telur Ascaris suum (36%) dan satu sampel ditemukan positif telur Oesophagustomum dentatum (2%), berdasarkan tingkat derajat keparahannya termasuk infeksi ringan Kata Kunci : Babi; Makassar; Nematoda; saluran pencernaan; ABSTRACT Nematodes are the types of endoparasites that live in the body of the host, the characteristics of the body is not segmented and usually cylindrical elongated and tapered at both ends. Nematode worms have the ability to adapt to the host tissue that generally do not cause damage and severe clinical symptoms, but can also be pathogenic for the host suffering from malnutrition or decreased immunity power. The aims of this non-experimental research were to identify Nematode worms in the digestive tract of pigs in Makassar. This research was conducted in June 2015. Samples were taken from 50 pigs on farms Panaikang, Makassar. Samples examined using the floating method furthermore if found positive Nematode worm eggs Mc Master then conducted tests to count the number of worm eggs per gram of feces. The results showed 18 samples found positive for eggs of Ascaris suum (36%), one sample was found positive Oesophagustomum dentatum egg (2%), based on the level of severity including mild infection. Keywords : digestive tract; Nematoda; Pig; Makassar

Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi, contains a rare set of language contact and sociolinguistic language interaction occurrences. Although the Indonesian government has nationalized Bahasa Indonesia, several ethnic languages are still spoken. Nationalism is a "superordinate" and "ideologized" statement that aims to define a socio-ethnic identity. Nationalism unites and ideologizes multiethnic nations. Thus, Bahasa Indonesia is used to unite and shape the ideas of people from many different ethnic groups across Indonesia. However, in Makassar, ethnic languages are used to identify ethnic group membership. The city's inhabitants often speak Makassarese, Makassar Malay, Bugis, and Selayarese languages. This study will highlight the sociolinguistic consequences of language contact in Makassar, such as language maintenance and loss, code-switching and code-mixing, as well as the phenomena of bilingualism and multilingualism. This work assumes that the adoption of Bahasa Indonesia as a national language did not consider the cultural conservatism of other ethnic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orang Tionghoa yang datang di Makassar berasal dari berbagai suku bangsa dan mempunyai latar belakang kebudayaan yang berbeda. Etnis Tionghoa Muslim di Makassar pada masa Orde baru telah melakukan pembauran dengan masyarakat setempat sebagai usaha dan kelanjutan dari kebijakan pemerintah untuk melakukan asimilasi total. Namun usaha tersebut sampai sekarang belum membuahkan hasil yang dapat dijadikan pijakan bagi semua pihak atas masalah ini. Harus diakui bahwa usaha pembauran selama ini masih ada sikap tidak senang dan diskriminatif terhadap etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia. Meski demikian, masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa justru sangat unggul dalam bidang perekonomian, sehingga seringkali mereka menjadi sasaran kecemburuan sosial. Masyarakat Tionghoa Makassar telah berbaur dan membangun interaksi dengan masyarakat Bugis-Makassar. Bahkan sebagian Tionghoa Peranakan telah menganggap dirinya sebagai orang pribumi, walaupun identitas mereka tidak serta mereka lupakan begitu saja.

The Syair Perang Mengkasar (The lay of the Makassar war) is one of the most famous works of Malay literature. Written in about 1670 in Makassar, Sulawesi, it is the first war syair and regarded as a model of the genre. The poem relates the war waged by VOC troops, assisted by several 'Indonesian' forces (Bugis, Buton, Ternate), against the army of Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar, between 1666 and 1669, leading to the defeat and surrender of Makassar. There is only one edition of the text, and a remarkable one, that of Cyril Skinner in 1963. Skinner identified the author as Ence' Amin, a secretary to the Sultan, claiming that he had made an elaborate and extremely praiseful portrait of himself in three stanzas of the poem. This is most surprising because, as far as we know, Malay authors, without a single exception, never praised themselves; on the contrary they systematically affect conventional humility and declare themselves stupid, ignorant, and devoid of any talent. The article demonstrates that Skinner's theory is based on false assumptions and that the author of the poem is one Ence' Ambon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Muhammadiyah da'wah movement has continued to develop from year to year, not only in the city of Makassar but has also penetrated remote villages. In Makassar itself, this early movement was headquartered on Banda Street (now Jl. Banda), a place belonging to Daeng Tawiro.This research aims to know: (1) da'wah challenges faced by Muhammadiyah regional leader in 1960-1970 period; and (2) strategic programs of Muhammadiyah Makassar in dealing with da'wah problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with library research technique using historical and sociological approaches. The results showed: first, K.H. Fathul Mu'in Dg. Maggading as Chairman of Muhammadiyah Makassar period 1960-1966, faced three major challenges of da'wah at the beginning of his leadership period: (a) the growth of the PKI movement, (b) the dissolution of the Masyumi Party, and (c) paralysis of the Muhammadiyah movement on various lines; Secound, K.H. Fathul Mu'in Dg. Maggading as the pinning of Makassar Muhammadiyah Branch took several strategic steps as an effort to improve among the people, namely: (a) consolidation, (b) stabilization, and (c) promoting development.

Panji Paniba of 1816 is a Panji story. It is built on a plot which is characteristic of Panji stories: four Javanese kingdoms in a Hindu setting, a princess who disappears and a prince, her fiancé, who finds her again. Another characteristic of Panji tales is the happy ending of marriages and successions to thrones. Interestingly in Panji Paniba a foreign king has a role to play. Crucial to our understanding of this particular version of Panji stories is the special attention it pays to types of marriages. Three types can be distinguished: proper, improper but repairable, and objectionable. How these are defined and how they influence the development of the narrative is the topic discussed in the present article.

Abstract This research endeavors to build an egalitarian social order that emphasizes human equality and eradicates all forms of discrimination based on identities created by the current social system, including race, religion, ethnicity, skin color, nationality, etc. This is done because research into issues of citizen equality within Muslim political systems is an interesting part of discourse regarding national diversity and ideological issues in governance. Using an empirical approach, this study analyzes the involvement of non-Muslims in practical politics and government in Muslim-majority areas such as Makassar. The involvement of non-Muslims in practical politics is key to the creation of a democratic system of governance. This study contributes an explanation as to why the recognition of non-Muslims' political rights must not solely be viewed in terms of theory, but also in terms of normative and practical structures, as Islam promotes democratic governance in which equality, justice, and tolerance are realized well and no political discrimination is committed against citizens. Through this, the purity of Islam can remain undistorted and the gap between the practiced reality among this Muslim-majority population and fundamental Islamic teachings can be bridged. Keywords: Muslim’s thought; political rights; non-Muslims; Makassar; الملخص يسعى هذا البحث إلى بناء نظام اجتماعي للمساواة الذى يشدد على المساواة بين البشر ويستأصل جميع أشكال التمييز على أساس الهويات التي أنشأها النظام الاجتماعي الحالي، بما في ذلك العرق والدين والعرق ولون البشرة والجنسية وما إلى ذلك. ويتم ذلك لأن البحث في قضايا تعد المساواة بين المواطنين داخل الأنظمة السياسية الإسلامية جزءًا مهمًا من الخطاب المتعلق بالتنوع الوطني والقضايا الأيديولوجية في الحكم. باستخدام منهج تجريبي، تحلل هذه الدراسة مشاركة غير المسلمين في السياسة العملية والحكومة في المناطق ذات الأغلبية المسلمة مثل ماكاسار. إن إشراك غير المسلمين في السياسة العملية هو مفتاح إنشاء نظام حكم ديمقراطي. تسهم هذه الدراسة في تفسير لماذا يجب ألا يُنظر إلى الاعتراف بالحقوق السياسية لغير المسلمين من الناحية النظرية فحسب، بل أيضًا من حيث الهياكل المعيارية والعملية، حيث أن الإسلام يشجع الحكم الديمقراطي الذي تقوم فيه المساواة والعدالة والتسامح تتحقق بشكل جيد ولا يوجد تمييز سياسي ضد المواطنين. من خلال هذا، يمكن أن تظل نقاء الإسلام غير مشوهة ويمكن سد الفجوة بين الواقع الممارس بين السكان الذين تسكنهم أغلبية مسلمة والتعاليم الإسلامية الأساسية. الكلمات المفتاحية: فكر المسلم؛ الحقوق السياسية؛ غير المسلمين: ماكاسار: Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan ikhtiar untuk membangun suatu tatanan masyarakat egaliter yang diderivasi dari suatu penegasan tentang kesetaraan manusia dan menghapus segala bentuk diskriminasi berdasarkan identitas-identitas yang diciptakan oleh sistem sosial, seperti, perbedaan ras, agama, suku, warna kulit, golongan, kebangsaan dan sebagainya. Sebab isu kesetaraan warga negara dalam sistem politik Islam menjadi kajian menarik dalam wacana menghadapi kemajemukan warga negara dan isu-isu ideologis dalam sebuah pemerintahan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan empiris, studi ini menganalisis keterlibatan non-muslim dalam politik praktis pada pemerintahan yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam seperti di Makassar. Adanya keterlibatan non-muslim dalam politik praktis menjadi kunci dalam membangun sebuah pemerintahan yang demokratis. Secara teoritis, studi ini memberikan penjelasan bahwa pengakuan terhadap hak-hak politik non-muslim tidak hanya dipahami pada tataran teoritisnya, tetapi juga pada tataran normative dan praktisnya sebab Islam yang mengusung pemerintahan demokrasi yang bertumpuk pada prinsip-prinsip persamaan, keadilan dan toleransi yang menjadi tuntutan modernitas saat ini dapat berjalan dengan baik, manakala tidak melakukan diskriminasi politik terhadap warga negaranya. Sehingga kemurnian ajaran Islam tidak mengalami distorsi, tetapi kesenjangan yang ada antara realitas masyarakat Islam dengan ide dasar ajaran Islam dapat dijembatani. Kata kunci: Peta pemikiran; hak politik; non-muslim; Makassar;