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19 results on '"maize gluten"'

1. Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate.

Author

Venturini, K. S., Sarcinelli, M. F., Baller, M. A., Putarov, T. C., Malheiros, E. B., and Carciofi, A. C.

Subjects
*DOG food, *FERMENTATION of feeds, *DOG physiology, *SOY proteins, *CORN gluten, *ANALYSIS of variance
Abstract

Summary: Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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3. Effect of feeding semi-moist diets and highly digestible carbohydrate and protein sources in the prestarter phase on performance of broiler chicks.

Author

Tabeidian, Sayed Ali, Sadeghi, Ghorbanali, Toghyani, Majid, and Habibian, Mahmood

Subjects
*BROILER chickens, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of carbohydrates, *FEED utilization efficiency
Abstract

In total, 1400 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used to examine the effects of inclusion of alternative carbohydrate and protein sources in prestarter diets and the form of diet on subsequent performance, physiological development and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experimental diets were offered from 1 to 7 days of age and were as follows: control maize–soybean–fish meal diet (CON); maize–soybean meal–casein–dextrose diet (CD); maize–soybean meal–casein-maize starch diet (CS); maize–soybean meal–maize gluten–dextrose diet (GD); and maize–soybean meal–maize gluten–maize starch diet (GS). Each diet was provided in either solid or semi-moist (30% moisture) form, resulting in 10 dietary treatments in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement. During the first week, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in feed intake and weight gain was observed in the chicks receiving the CD or the CS diets compared with the chicks receiving the CON diet. Chicks receiving the CON diet also exhibited lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than did those receiving the CD or the CS diets. The adverse effect of feeding the CD and CS diets on liveweight of the birds was still evident at 21 and 42 days of age (P < 0.05). Chicks on the semi-moist diets consumed less (P < 0.05) feed than those on the solid diets during the first week. Nevertheless, chicks fed the semi-moist diets had higher (P < 0.05) weight gain and exhibited lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than did those fed solid diets. During the entire period, the highest weight gain and feed intake were observed in chicks receiving the CON prestarter diet in semi-moist form. During the first week, chicks receiving the CD or the CS diet exhibited the lowest (P < 0.05) small intestine weight and length. Conversely, at the age of 21 days, these chicks had higher (P < 0.05) small intestine weight than did the other chicks. It can be concluded that using a maize–soybean–fish meal-based prestarter diet in semi-moist form improves chick development and positively affects growth performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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4. Identification by microscopy and MS-based electronic nose of a fraudulent addition to maize gluten

Author

Frick G., Dubois S., Chaubert C., and Ampuero S.

Subjects
electronic nose, maize gluten, melamine, microscopy, urea, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Classical and chemometric methods have been used to detect falsified maize gluten products. Microscopic observations (numerous starch grains, seed envelopes and wheat bran fragments) clearly showed the presence of atypical maize gluten particles in samples with otherwise normal crude protein levels (≥ 60%) and the usual gold-yellow color. Chemical analyses in a few samples confirmed the presence of urea (19 to 174 g.kg-1), melamine (0 to 20 g.kg-1), and cyanuric acid (0 to 10 g.kg-1) coping for the low levels of methionine (0 to 13 g.kg-1) in incriminated products (genuine maize gluten methionine level ≥ 16 g.kg-1). Furthermore, a fast technique (an electronic nose based on mass spectrometry detection) also proved to be reliable for the identification of falsified maize gluten products: 100% correct classification of model and unknown samples was achieved with principal component analysis. As a consequence of these results, the Swiss feed-inspection authority blocked the import, or restricted the use, of 2,500 tons of the falsified products.

Published
2009

5. EFFECT OF SOYBEAN MEAL, MAIZE GLUTEN 30% AND FEATHER MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO OF HYBRID (LABEO ROHITA X CATLA CATLA) FINGERLINGS

Author

S. NOREEN, M. SALIM, M. ZAHRA AND Y. GUL

Subjects
Hybrids, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, growth performance, FCR, soybean meal, maize gluten, feather meal, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of hybrid (Labeo rohita x Catla catla) fingerlings fed for six weeks on soybean meal, maize gluten 30% and feather meal were evaluated. The feed trails were replicated for each of the ingredients. The feed was supplied at the rate of 4% of wet body weight of fingerlings twice a day. The hybrid (Labeo rohita x Catla catla) fingerlings gained highest body weight (2.07 ± 0.01g) on maize gluten 30%, followed by feather meal (1.88 ± 0.04g) and soybean meal (1.66 ± 0.01g) and these values were significantly different from each other (p

Published
2007

6. STUDY ON THE FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR) IN MAJOR CARP CIRRHINUS MRIGALA FED ON SUNFLOWER MEAL, WHEAT BRAN AND MAIZE GLUTEN

Author

S. Shabir, M. Salim and M. Rashid

Subjects
Major carp, FCR, sunflower meal, wheat bran, maize gluten, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

A six-week experiment was conducted in aquaria to study the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on wheat bran (13.81% protein), sunflower meal (35.52 % protein) and maize gluten (26.15% protein). The ingredients were supplied at the rate of 4% of wet body weight of fish twice a day. The fish gained the highest average body weight (0.31 ± 0.03 g) on sunflower meal followed by maize gluten (0.23 ± 0.01g) and wheat bran (0.19 ± 0.02g). FCR calculated for three treatments was highest for wheat bran (0.019) while for sunflower it was lowest (0.003). The correlation between average body weight and FCR values was significantly negative in case of wheat bran whereas in case of sunflower meal and maize gluten, the correlation was non-significant1y negative.

Published
2003

7. Wet corn gluten feed and alfalfa hay levels in dry-rolled corn finishing diets: Effects on finishing performance and feedlot nitrogen mass balance.

Author

Farran, T. B., Erickson, G. E., Klopfenstein, T. J., Macken, C. N., and Lindquist, R. U.

Subjects
*BEEF cattle, *FEEDLOTS, *GLUTEN, *CORN, *NITROGEN, *FIBER content of food, *ANIMAL feeds, *ANIMAL feeding behavior, *ANIMAL feeding
Abstract

One-hundred ninety-two crossbred steers (initial BW = 351 ± 11 kg) were used to determine the effects of removing alfalfa hay (AH) from dry-rolled corn-based diets containing wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) on animal performance and nutrient (N and OM) mass balance in open feedlot pens. Steers were stratified by weight and assigned randomly to 24 pens (2 × 3 factorial) and fed for 132 d from June to October 2002. Experimental diets contained either 0 or 35% WCGF and 0, 3.75, or 7.5% AH, and were formulated to be isonitrogenous. For efficiency of gain, an interaction occurred (P = 0.09) between AH and WCGF. Feed efficiencies of cattle fed 35% WCGF were improved 4.4% (P = 0.10) compared with efficiencies of cattle fed no WCGF at 0% AH; there was a marked improvement in ADG for cattle fed WCGF compared with no WCGF in diets with 0% AR. Within 35% WCGF diets, efficiency decreased as AH inclusion increased (P = 0.06). Efficiency was equal across AR levels when 0% WCGF was fed; however, ADG was decreased when AR was removed. Interactions between AR and WCGF were not detected for other performance or carcass criteria; therefore, main effects of AR and WCGF are discussed. Daily intake, ADG, and HCW increased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary All level increased. Feeding 35% WCGF also resulted in greater DM1 (P < 0.01) and a tendency for greater ADG and HCW (P ≤ 0.10) compared with steers fed no WCGF. Interactions between AR and WCGF were not observed for feedlot N mass balance. As level of All increased across diets, N intake, N retention, and N excretion increased (P < 0.05). Steers fed 35% WCGF consumed and excreted more N (P < 0.01) than those fed no WCGF. More manure DM (P = 0.11), OM, and N (P < 0.01) were removed from pens housing steers fed 35% WCGF as well as greater OM and N recovery in finished compost. More N (kilogramlsteer) was also lost to volatilization as a result of greater N excretion when WCGF was fed. Expressed as a percentage of N excretion, loss of N from pens housing steers fed 0 and 35% WCGF was not different, averaging nearly 80%. These data suggest that AR has less value when dry-rolled corn-based diets contain 35% WCGF and can be decreased from conventional levels. Further- more, loss of N from open feedlot pens is high during the summer months, and feeding WCGF may not reduce N losses during these times of year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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8. Effects of wet corn gluten feed and intake level on diet digestibility and ruminal passage rate in steers.

Author

Montgomery, S. P., Drouillard, J. S., Titgemeyer, E. C., Sindt, J. J., Farran, T. B., Pike, J. N., Coetzer, C. M., Trater, A. M., and Higgins, J. J.

Subjects
*CATTLE nutrition, *RUMINANT feeding & feeds, *ANIMAL feeds, *GLUTEN, *CORN as feed, *ANIMAL nutrition
Abstract

Twelve ruminally cannulated Jersey steers (BW = 534 kg) were used in an incomplete Latin square design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and total DMI level on diet digestibility and ruminal passage rate. Treatments consisted of diets formulated to contain (DM basis) steam-flaked corn, 20% coarsely ground alfalfa hay, and either 0 or 40% WCGF offered once daily for ad libitum consumption or limited to 1.6% of BW (DM basis). Two consecutive 24-d periods were used, each consisting of 18 d for adaptation, 4 d for collection, and a 2-d in situ period. Rumens of all steers were evacuated once daily at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h after feeding. Chromic oxide (10 g/[steer·d]) was fed as a digestibility marker, and steers were pulse-dosed with Yb-labeled alfalfa hay to measure ruminal particulate passage rate. Dacron bags containing 5 g of steam-flaked corn, WCGF, or ground (2-mm screen) alfalfa hay were placed into the rumens of all steers and removed after 3, 6, 12, or 48 h. Wet corn gluten feed increased percent apparent total-tract digestion of OM (P < 0.01), NDF (P < 0.01), and starch (P < 0.03), decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal total VFA concentration, increased (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3 concentration, and increased (P < 0.01) ruminal pH. Wet corn gluten feed also increased (P < 0.01) ruminal passage rate of Yb. Limit feeding decreased (P < 0.01) percent apparent total-tract digestion of both OM and NDF, ruminal total VFA concentration (P < 0.01), and ruminal fill (P < 0.01), but increased (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3 concentration. Apparent total-tract digestion of starch was not affected (P = 0.70) by level of DMI. A DMI level × hour interaction (P < 0.01) occurred for ruminal pH. Limit feeding increased ruminal pH before and 12 h after feeding, but decreased ruminal pH 4 h after feeding compared with diets offered ad libitum. A diet × DMI level interaction (P < 0.02) occurred for in situ degradation of alfalfa hay, with dietary addition of WCGF increasing (P < 0.02) the extent of in situ alfalfa hay degradation in steers fed for ad libitum consumption. This study suggests that WCGF increases OM and NDF digestion, and that limit feeding diets once daily might depress OM and NDF digestion, possibly due to decreased stability of the ruminal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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9. White muscle free amino acid concentrations following feeding a maize gluten dietary protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Author

Mente, Eleni, Deguara, Simeon, Santos, Maria Begoña, and Houlihan, Dominic

Subjects
*AMINO acids, *ATLANTIC salmon
Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of high maize gluten protein diets on the white muscle free amino acid (FAA) concentrations of Atlantic salmon following feeding and to examine whether these tissue free amino acids profiles highlighted any dietary deficiencies in essential amino acids (EAA). Two isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (52% protein, 20% oil) were formulated and mixed proportionately to give a total of five feeds in which maize gluten provided 0%, 16%, 32%, 48% and 64% of the total dietary protein (diets 0MG, 16MG, 32MG, 48MG, 64MG, respectively). Triplicate groups of 19 g Atlantic salmon were fed each of the experimental diets for a period of 40 days. At the end of the growth experiment, groups of four salmon from each diet were taken at 4, 8 and 12 h after feeding for the white muscle amino acids analysis. Although fish doubled their weights during the growth period, no significant differences were observed in specific growth rates, feed conversion ratios, protein digestibility and protein growth rates among fish fed the test diets. Total free amino acid (FAA) concentrations did not change at various times after a meal and this was also true for the majority of individual FAAs (except asparagine, which increased significantly 12 h after feeding). The most notable diet-induced changes in the white muscle were an overall reduction in essential FAA concentrations (threonine and lysine) as dietary maize gluten content increased and an increase in histidine and leucine. Correlations between dietary essential amino acids patterns and white muscle protein-bound amino acids were examined. The possibility of partial replacement of fish meal maize gluten up to 50% was demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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10. The possibility of maize gluten application for weed control in maize and soybean

Author

Šeremešić, Srdjan, Šeremešić, Srdjan, Nikolić, L., Milošev, Dragiša, Živanov, M., Dolijanović, Željko, Vasiljević, M., Šeremešić, Srdjan, Šeremešić, Srdjan, Nikolić, L., Milošev, Dragiša, Živanov, M., Dolijanović, Željko, and Vasiljević, M.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maize gluten on the weeds number and dry biomass in the maize and soybean experiment. Pre-emergence maize gluten application resulted with an effective weed control in maize, whereas the soybean had the significant loss of plants, due to the gluten fitotoxicity. Post-emergence application was found to be less successful compared with pre-emergence application particularly for soybean. Panicum cruss-galli L. was the most frequent weed in the both experiment. Maize gluten rate of 300 g m2 could be recommended in control of the broad leaf weeds in maize cropping as an alternative herbicide thus a substitute for mineral nitrogen. Our research can contribute to the improvement of the weed control in sustainable cropping systems.

Published
2016

11. The possibility of maize gluten application for weed control in maize and soybean

Author

Šeremešić, Srđan, Šeremešić, Srđan, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Milošev, Dragiša, Živanov, Milorad, Dolijanović, Željko, Vasiljević, Marjana, Šeremešić, Srđan, Šeremešić, Srđan, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Milošev, Dragiša, Živanov, Milorad, Dolijanović, Željko, and Vasiljević, Marjana

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maize gluten on the weeds number and dry biomass in the maize and soybean experiment. Pre-emergence maize gluten application resulted with an effective weed control in maize, whereas the soybean had the significant loss of plants, due to the gluten fitotoxicity. Post-emergence application was found to be less successful compared with pre-emergence application particularly for soybean. Panicum cruss-galli L. was the most frequent weed in the both experiment. Maize gluten rate of 300 g m2 could be recommended in control of the broad leaf weeds in maize cropping as an alternative herbicide thus a substitute for mineral nitrogen. Our research can contribute to the improvement of the weed control in sustainable cropping systems.

Published
2016

13. Karadeniz kalkanı (Psetta maxima Linnaeus, 1758) yemlerinde balık unu yerine mısır gluteni ve soya unu kullanımının büyüme performansı ve et kalitesi üzerine etkisi

Author

Küçük, Ercan, Başçınar, Nadir, and Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı

Subjects
Fisheries Technology, Black Sea, Fish feeding, Growth performance, Balıkçılık Teknolojisi, Triploid, Maize gluten, Soybean flour, Growth, Turbot, Fish meal, Fish feeds
Abstract

Bu çalışma, diploid ve triploid Karadeniz kalkanında (Psetta maxima) mısır gluteni ve soya unu kullanımının büyüme performansı ve et kalitesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü'nde yapılmıştır.Birinci çalışmada, ortalama 71 g'lık balıklar üzerinde balık unu proteininin %30'u oranında soya unu ve mısır gluteninin ayrı ayrı (%30 soya unu; %30 mısır gluteni unu) ve karışık kullanımı (%15 soya unu ve %15 mısır gluteni unu; %10 mısır gluteni unu ve %20 soya unu; %20 mısır gluteni unu ve %10 soya unu) denenmiştir. İkinci çalışmada ise ortalama 186 g'lık diploid ve triploid balıklar üzerinde balık unu proteininin %30'u (%10 mısır gluteni unu ve %20 soya unu) ve %40'ı (%20 mısır gluteni unu ve %20 soya unu) oranında soya unu ve mısır gluteni ununun karışık kullanımı denenmiştir.Sonuç olarak, 90 gün süren birinci çalışmada balık unu proteininin %30'u oranında soya unu ve mısır gluteni ununun karışık kullanımının ayrı ayrı kullanıma göre daha iyi büyüme sağladığı ve et kalitesinde önemli bir değişikliğe yol açmadığı belirlenmiştir. 84 gün süren ikinci çalışmada ise balık unu proteininin %30 ve %40'ı oranında soya unu ve mısır gluteni ununun karışık kullanımının diploid ve triploid Karadeniz kalkanının büyüme performansı ve et kalitesi üzerinde önemli bir değişikliğe yol açmadığı ortaya konulmuştur. This study was carried out to determine the effects of soybean meal and corn gluten meal on growth performance and flesh quality of diploid and triploid Black Sea turbot (Psetta maxima) in Central Fisheries Research Institute.In first study, 30% of fish meal protein replaced with soybean meal and corn gluten meal as seperately (30% soybean meal; 30% corn gluten meal) and mixed (15% corn gluten meal and 15% soybean meal; 10% corn gluten meal and 20% soybean meal; 20% corn gluten meal and 10% soybean meal) were tested on 71 g fish. In second study also 30% (10% corn gluten meal and 20% soybean meal) and 40% (20% corn gluten meal and 20% soybean meal) of fish meal protein replaced with soybean meal and corn gluten meal mixture were tested on 186 g diploid and triploid fish.As a result, in the first study which lasted 90 days, soybean meal and corn gluten meal mixture provided better growth than each one of them tested seperately and flesh quality did not show any difference. In the second study which was lasted 84 days, 30% and 40% of fish meal protein replaced with soybean meal and corn gluten meal mixture did not affect growth performance and flesh quality of diploid and triploid Black Sea turbot, compare to control group. 122

Published
2011

14. Mısır gluteninin enzimatik hidrolizi: Proses parametrelerinin optimizasyonu, hidroliz, çözünürlük ve enzim inaktivasyon kinetiği

Author

Kiliç Apar, Dilek, Özbek, Belma, and Kimya Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı

Subjects
Enzymatic hydrolysis, Maize gluten, Chemical Engineering, Kimya Mühendisliği, Process variables
Abstract

Son yıllarda, hayvansal kaynaklı proteinlere alternatif olan bitkisel kaynaklı proteinlerin modifiye edilerek gıda katkısı olarak kullanımı önem kazanmıştır. Yaklaşık olarak % 60 oranında protein içeren mısır gluteni, nişasta üretimi sırasında yan ürün olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde, daha çok hayvan yemi olarak kullanılan mısır gluteninin, gıda katkısı olarak kullanılabilmesinde en büyük dezavantajı çözünürlüğünün çok düşük olmasıdır. Ancak bu dezavantaj proteinin modifiye edilmesi ile ortadan kaldırılabilir. Mısır proteinin gıda katkısı olarak kullanımını geliştirmek amacı ile bu çalışmada, mısır glutenin enzimatik hidrolizi, kapsamlı bir biçimde incelenmiştir.Bu tez kapsamında gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmalarda; öncelikle beş farklı ticari enzim (Alcalase, Neutrase, Protamex, Flavourzyme ve PTN) kullanılmış ve bunların arasından mısır glutenin hidrolizi için en uygun enzimin Alcalase olduğu belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, hidroliz derecesini belirlemek için kullanılan pH-stat yöntemi mısır glutenin Alcalase enzimi ile hidrolizi için kalibre edilmiş ve mısır gluteni hidrolizatları için pK değerleri; 40°C, 50°C ve 60°C sıcaklıklarda sırasıyla 6.82, 6.60 ve 6.37 olarak bulunmuştur. Kesikli sistemde, hidroliz paremetrelerinin optimizasyonu için, farklı substrat konsantrasyonlarında (10-60 g protein/L), enzim konsantrasyonlarında (% 0.05-0.35 (hacim/hacim)), sıcaklık (40-65°C) ve pH (6.5-8.5) değerlerinde deneyler gerçekleştirilerek hidroliz derecesi, protein çözünürlüğü ve enzim stabilitesi zamana karşı incelenmiştir. Farklı proses şartlarında gerçekleştirilen bu deneyler sonucunda hidroliz için optimum proses şartları; substrat konsantrasyonu 30 g protein/L, enzim miktarı % 0.25 (hacim/hacim), sıcaklık 55°C ve pH 8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum proses şartlarında, 120 dakika süreyle gerçekleştirilen hidroliz reaksiyonu sonucunda, % 28.4 hidroliz derecesi, % 85.3 protein çözünürlüğü elde edilmiş ve enzimin aktivitesini yaklaşık % 74 oranında kaybettiği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada; hidroliz ürünlerinin, kademeli enzim ilavesinin ve glutene uygulanan; ısıl, mikrodalga, sonik ve nişasta hidrolizi ön işlemlerinin hidroliz reaksiyonu üzerindeki etkileri ayrıca incelenmiştir. Ultrasonikasyon uygulaması ile gerçekleştirilen hidroliz deneyleri ile, sonikasyon parametrelerinin hidroliz reaksiyonu ve enzim stabilitesi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır.Optimizasyon deneyleri sonucunda elde edilen tüm veriler analiz edilerek; hidroliz, çözünürlük ve enzim inaktivasyonu için kinetik modeller elde edilmiş, mısır gluteninin hidrolizinin Michaelis-Menten Kinetiğine uygunluğu, başlangıç hız deneyleri gerçekleştirilerek ayrıca incelemiştir. Hidroliz reaksiyonu için Michaelis-Menten kinetik parametreleri; Km= 53.77 g/L, Vmax= 5.94 mmol/L.dak olarak elde edilmiş, ayrıca bu parametrelerin sıcaklık ve pH ile değişimi incelenmiştir. Alcalase enzimi için ürün inhibisyon türünün unkompetitiv olduğu belirlenmiş ve inhibisyon sabiti Ki= % 44.68 (hidrolizat hacmi/reaksiyon çözeltisi hacmi) olarak hesaplanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Mısır gluteni, Alcalase, enzimatik hidroliz, proses değişkenleri, optimizasyon, kinetik Over the last decade, modified plant proteins as an alternative to proteins from animal sources are increasingly being used as food additives. Corn gluten which contains approximately 60 % proteins is a by-product from the production of starch from maize. Currently, its main use is as an animal feed. The major drawback of using corn gluten in foods is that it is very insoluble in water. However, its solubility can be increased by modification. In the present work, a comprehensive study on the hydrolysis of corn gluten was performed to improve its utilization in food products.In the present study, firstly, a general survey of enzymatic hydrolysis and solubilization of corn gluten was performed with five commercial enzyme preparations (Alcalase, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, Protamex and PTN) in order to choose appropriate enzyme; and as a result Alcalase was chosen as proper enzyme among them. Then, the calibration of pH-stat for corn gluten hydrolysis by Alcalase was performed and the pK values of the corn gluten hydrolysates were determined as 6.82, 6.60 and 6.37 for the temperatures of 40°C, 50°C and 60°C respectively. For optimization of the process parameters, hydrolysis reactions were performed at different substrate concentrations (10-60 g protein/L), enzyme concentrations (0.05-0.35 % (v/v)), temperatures (40-65°C) and pH values (6.5-8.5); and the degree of hydrolysis, solubility of corn gluten and residual enzyme activity were investigated depending on processing time. The optimum process conditions for hydrolysis and solubilization were obtained as 30 g/L substrate concentration, 0.25 % (v/v) enzyme concentration, 55°C and pH 8. Under these conditions, the values of degree of hydrolysis and solubilization were found as 28.4 % and 85.3 % respectively; and enzyme lost its activity by 74 % at the end of 120 min processing time. The effect of hydrolysis products and pretreatments applied to substrate; such as thermal treatment, microwave irradiation, sonic treatment and starch removal; on hydrolysis were also investigated. Hydrolysis experiments under ultrasonication were performed in order to investigate the effects of sonication parameters on hydrolysis and enzyme stability.Modelling studies were performed to determine the kinetics of hydrolysis, solubilization and enzyme inactivation. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics was examined with initial rate assays, and the kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax were estimated as 53.77 g/L and 5.94 mmol/L.min. The effects of temperature and pH on Michaelis-Menten parameters were also examined. The type of inhibition for Alcalase determined as uncompetitive; and the inhibition constant, Ki, was estimated as 44.68 % (hydrolysate /substrate mixture; v/v).Key Words: Corn gluten, Alcalase, enzymatic hydrolysis, process parameters, optimisation, kinetic 194

Published
2008

15. Çilek alanlarındaki yabancı otlar ile bu yabancı otların mücadelesinde solarizasyon, karasu ve mısır gluten ununun etkinliğinin saptanması

Author

Albay, Filiz, Boz, Özhan, and Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı

Subjects
Ziraat, Solarizasyon, Solarization, Çilek, Zeytin karasuyu, Yabancı otlar, Agriculture, Maize gluten, Weeds, Olive waste water, Strawberry, Mısır gluteni
Abstract

öz Bu çalışma 2001-2003 yıllan arasında iki çilek yetiştirme sezonunda Aydın îli çilek alanlarındaki yabancı otların belirlenmesi ve mücadelesinde solarizasyon, karasu, mısır gluten unu ve bunların bazı kombinasyonlarının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda 28 farklı familyaya ait 64 farklı yabancı ot türü saptanmış, en fazla görülen yabancı otlar Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium spp., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Cyperus rotundus L., Poa annua L., Portulaca oleracea L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. ve Setaria spp. olarak belirlenmiştir. Karasu, şuta solarizasyon ve sırta solarizasyon + karasu uygulamaları yabancı otlanmayı azaltma ve verimi artırma açısından başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. ABSTRACT Studies were conducted in Aydm province of Turkey to monitor tile weed species occurring on strawberry fields and to investigate the effect of olive processing waste, corn gluten meal, soil solarization and some of their combinations on weeds in two different strawberry growing seasons between 2001-2003. In surveys, 64 weed species belonging to 28 families were identified. Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium spp., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Cyperus rotundus L., Poa annua L., Portulaca oleracea L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. and Setaria spp. were observed as common weeds. Olive processing waste (OPW), solarization on raised beds and OPW+solarization applications reduced the weed coverage and improved the crop yield. öz Bu çalışma 2001-2003 yıllan arasında iki çilek yetiştirme sezonunda Aydın îli çilek alanlarındaki yabancı otların belirlenmesi ve mücadelesinde solarizasyon, karasu, mısır gluten unu ve bunların bazı kombinasyonlarının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda 28 farklı familyaya ait 64 farklı yabancı ot türü saptanmış, en fazla görülen yabancı otlar Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium spp., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Cyperus rotundus L., Poa annua L., Portulaca oleracea L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. ve Setaria spp. olarak belirlenmiştir. Karasu, şuta solarizasyon ve sırta solarizasyon + karasu uygulamaları yabancı otlanmayı azaltma ve verimi artırma açısından başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. ABSTRACT Studies were conducted in Aydm province of Turkey to monitor tile weed species occurring on strawberry fields and to investigate the effect of olive processing waste, corn gluten meal, soil solarization and some of their combinations on weeds in two different strawberry growing seasons between 2001-2003. In surveys, 64 weed species belonging to 28 families were identified. Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium spp., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Cyperus rotundus L., Poa annua L., Portulaca oleracea L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. and Setaria spp. were observed as common weeds. Olive processing waste (OPW), solarization on raised beds and OPW+solarization applications reduced the weed coverage and improved the crop yield. 84

Published
2003

16. Farklı oranlardaki mısır gluteninin tilapianın (Tilapia nilotica Linnaeus, 1758) büyüme performansına ve yem değerlendirmesine olan etkisi

Author

Tuna, Gülüzar, Özdemir, Yaşar, and Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilim Dalı

Subjects
Tilapia nilotica, Su Ürünleri, Growth performance, Aquatic Products, Maize gluten, Feed evaluation, Tilapia
Abstract

Bu çalışmada; Tilapia ('Tilapia nilotica)'nın beslenmesinde kullanılan kontrol rasyonundaki balık ununun %25, %50 ve %100'ü yerine mısır glüteni katılmasının; balıkların canlı ağırlık artışı, total boy, oransal büyüme, spesifik büyüme oranı, kondisyon faktörü, aylık yem tüketimi, canlı ağırlığa göre günlük yem tüketimi, yem dönüşüm oranı, protein etkinlik oranı ve protein değerlendirme indeksine olan etkileri belirlendi. Bu amaçla, %45 ve %50 balık unu içeren kontrol rasyonundaki balık ununun %25, %50 ve %100'ü yerine mısır glüteni ilave edilerek 3 adet deneme rasyonu oluşturuldu. Elde edilen verilere göre, canlı ağırlık artışı, oransal büyüme, yem tüketimi ve yem değerlendirme oranlarındaki en yüksek artış kontrol rasyonuyla beslenen kontrol grubundaki Tilapia (Tilapia w/oftca)Tardan elde edildi. Balık ununun %25 ve %50'si yerine mısır glüteninin kullanıldığı deneme rasyonlarıyla beslenen Tilapia (Tilapia niloticayiann canlı ağırlık artışı, oransal büyüme, yem tüketimi ve yem değerlendirme oranlarının kontrol rasyonuna göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Balık ununun %100'ü oranında mısır glüteni kullanılan deneme rasyonu ile beslenen Tilapia (Tilapia niloticayiann canlı ağırlık artışının düştüğü, yem alımının tamamen durduğu ve ölüm olaylarının başladığı tespit edildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tilapia nilotica, mısır glüteni, büyüme performansı, yem değerlendirme. In the present study, the effect of corn glutein addiation at the rate of 25 %, 50 % and 100 % to the control ration used for tilapia (Tilapia niloticd) feeding on the live weight increase, total lenght, live weight gain, relative growth rate, spesific growth rate, condition factor, monthly food in take, daily food intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein evalution index of tilapia was investigated. For this aim, a control and three experimental rations (Dl, D2 and D3 respectively) were prepared. In the preparation of the experimental rations, corn glutein was added at the rate of 25 % (Dl), 50 % (D2) and 100 % (D3) instead of the control ration consisting of 45 % raw protein and 50 % fish meal. To the results obtained, the highest values of live weight gain, relative growth rate, food intake and feed concervion ratio have been obtained from the Tilapia (Tilapia niloticd) in the control groups which are fed with control rations. It was determined that was low the rations of live weight gain, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio and food in take of fishes fed with testing rations in which corn glutein was used instead of 25% and 50% fish meal, in comparision with the control rations. It was determined on the Tilapia (Tilapia niloticd) feed with testing rations, in which 100% corn glutein insted of fish meal was used, that live weight gain was decreased and that food intake stoped completely, and fish deaths were seen. Key Words: Tilapia, Tilapia nilotica, com glutein, f, growt performance, feeding efficiency. 33

Published
2001

17. Corn Processing Method in Finishing Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed

Author

Scott, T. L., Milton, C. T., Erickson, Galen, Klopfenstein, Terry, Stock, Rick A., Scott, T. L., Milton, C. T., Erickson, Galen, Klopfenstein, Terry, and Stock, Rick A.

Abstract

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of corn processing method on performance and carcass traits in steers fed finishing diets containing wet corn gluten feed (WCGF). In Trial 1, 480 steer calves (303 kg initial BW) were fed eight finishing diets: 1) dry-rolled corn (DRC) without; and 2) with 32% (DM basis) WCGF; 3) steam-flaked corn (SFC) without; and 4) with WCGF; 5) a combination of DRC and SFC without WCGF; 6) finely-ground corn (FGC) with WCGF; 7) high-moisture corn (HMC) with WCGF; and 8) whole corn (WC) with WCGF. Feeding WC + WCGF increased (P < 0.10) DMI and decreased gain:feed compared with all other treatments. Feeding DRC + WCGF increased (P < 0.10) DMI and decreased (P < 0.10) gain:feed compared with treatments other than WC + WCGF. Steers on treatments that included WCGF gained similarly, regardless of corn processing method, and at a rate 6% faster (P < 0.10) than steers fed diets that did not include WCGF. Gain:feed did not differ among steers fed SFC, SFC + WCGF, SFC + DRC, and HMC + WCGF. Steers fed SFC or SFC + WCGF were more efficient (P < 0.10) than steers fed DRC or FGC + WCGF. In Trial 2, 288 steer calves (382 kg initial BW) were fed six finishing diets: 1) DRC without; and 2) with 22% (DM basis) WCGF; 3) SFC without; and 4) with WCGF; 5) finely rolled corn (FRC) with WCGF; and 6) HMC corn with WCGF. Steers fed DRC + WCGF or FRC + WCGF consumed more DM (P < 0.10) than steers fed DRC, SFC, or SFC + WCGF. Feed intake did not differ between steers fed SFC + WCGF and HMC + WCGF. All treatment groups receiving WCGF consumed more DM (P < 0.10) feed than steers fed DRC or SFC without WCGF. Steers fed SFC + WCGF gained 8% faster (P < 0.10), and steers fed DRC 9.5% slower (P < 0.10) than steers receiving all other treatments. Daily gains did not differ among other treatment groups. Steers fed SFC or SFC + WCGF gained 10% more (P < 0.10) efficiently than all other treatment groups. Feed efficiency did not differ among steers fed DRC, DRC +

Published
2003

18. Review of New Information on the Use of Wet and Dry Milling Feed By-Products in Feedlot Diets

Author

Stock, Rick, Lewis, J. M., Klopfenstein, Terry J., Milton, C. T., Stock, Rick, Lewis, J. M., Klopfenstein, Terry J., and Milton, C. T.

Abstract

The processing of grains to produce human foods, beverages, or fuel ethanol has resulted in a wide variety of associated feed by-products. Hominy feed and distillers by-products are feed by-products associated with two distinctly different drymilling industries. Hominy feed contains approximately 57% starch, 11% CP, and 5% fat (DM basis). When fed to finishing cattle, hominy feed has approximately 87% the net energy value of corn. Distillers by-products contain 25 to 32% CP and 13 to 16% fat (DM basis). Wet distillers by-products have approximately 97 to 147% the net energy value of corn. The energy value of wet distillers by-products may be affected by the type of grain used in the fermentation process (corn vs grain sorghum) and the amount of solubles added to the distillers grains. Drying distillers by-products reduces their net energy value but does not seem to affect their protein value. Corn gluten feed (CGF) and corn gluten meal (CGM) are feed by-products of the wet milling industry. Corn gluten feed is composed primarily of bran and steep. Corn gluten feed is lower in both CP (14 to 24%, DM basis) and escape protein (20 to 30%, % of CP) than CGM, but it is high in net energy for gain (90 to 114% of corn; DM basis). As the proportion of steep increases and bran decreases in CGF, the CP and net energy for gain content increases. When fed to finishing cattle, dried CGF has a lower net energy value than wet CGF. Wet distillers by-products and wet CGF seem to reduce the incidence of subacute acidosis. Because feed by-products have a high nutritional content and are often economically priced, they are excellent sources of energy and protein for feedlot cattle.

Published
1999

19. The possibility of maize gluten application for weed control in maize and soybean

Author

Srdjan Seremesic, Nikolić, L., Milošev, D., Živanov, M., Dolijanović, Ž, and Vasiljević, M.

Subjects
Nitrogen, Maize gluten, Soybean, Weed control, Maize
Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maize gluten on the weeds number and dry biomass in the maize and soybean experiment. Pre-emergence maize gluten application resulted with an effective weed control in maize, whereas the soybean had the significant loss of plants, due to the gluten fitotoxicity. Post-emergence application was found to be less successful compared with pre-emergence application particularly for soybean. Panicum cruss-galli L. was the most frequent weed in the both experiment. Maize gluten rate of 300 g m2 could be recommended in control of the broad leaf weeds in maize cropping as an alternative herbicide thus a substitute for mineral nitrogen. Our research can contribute to the improvement of the weed control in sustainable cropping systems.

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