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The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases, including Rett syndrome, by enabling the correction of genes or mutations in human patient cells. However, several challenges need to be addressed before its widespread clinical application. These challenges include the low delivery efficiencies to target cells, the actual efficiency of the genome-editing process, and the precision with which the CRISPR-Cas system operates. Herein, the study presents a Magnetic Nanoparticle-Assisted Genome Editing (MAGE) platform, which significantly improves the transfection efficiency, biocompatibility, and genome-editing accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed technology, MAGE is applied to correct the mutated MeCP2 gene in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) from a Rett syndrome patient. By combining magnetofection and magnetic-activated cell sorting, MAGE achieves higher multi-plasmid delivery (99.3%) and repairing efficiencies (42.95%) with significantly shorter incubation times than conventional transfection agents without size limitations on plasmids. The repaired iPSC-NPCs showed similar characteristics as wild-type neurons when they differentiated into neurons, further validating MAGE and its potential for future clinical applications. In short, the developed nanobio-combined CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers the potential for various clinical applications, particularly in stem cell therapies targeting different genetic diseases.

Amyloid fibrils of tau are increasingly accepted as a cause of neuronal death and brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diminishing tau aggregation is a promising strategy in the search for efficacious AD therapeutics. Previously, our laboratory designed a six-residue, nonnatural amino acid inhibitor D-TLKIVW peptide (6-DP), which can prevent tau aggregation in vitro. However, it cannot block cell-to-cell transmission of tau aggregation. Here, we find D-TLKIVWC (7-DP), a d-cysteine extension of 6-DP, not only prevents tau aggregation but also fragments tau fibrils extracted from AD brains to neutralize their seeding ability and protect neuronal cells from tau-induced toxicity. To facilitate the transport of 7-DP across the blood-brain barrier, we conjugated it to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The MNPs-DP complex retains the inhibition and fragmentation properties of 7-DP alone. Ten weeks of MNPs-DP treatment appear to reverse neurological deficits in the PS19 mouse model of AD. This work offers a direction for development of therapies to target tau fibrils.

A hybrid chitosan-based nanocomposite was fabricated by chitin nanowhiskers coupled with silanized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a polyelectrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The morphological evaluations articulated that the magnetite nanoparticles were uniformly attached to the chitin nanowhiskers. After characterization of the synthesized nanowhiskers, they were incorporated into the chitosan, as a polycationic electrolyte, to investigate the performance of nanocomposite for DMFC applications. An external magnetic field was applied to the magnetic chitin nanowhiskers to induce alignment, and the effects of aligned nanowhiskers, as well as random ones, were also studied. The magnetic chitin nanowhiskers positively influenced the water uptake and proton conductivity due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the surface functional groups of nanowhiskers and free water molecules. On the other hand, methanol permeation of the chitosan nanocomposites was reduced regarding the tortuous pathways and narrower transportation channels by the presence of nanowhiskers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nHIGHLIGHTSAn iron oxide nanosystem (Fe3O4Nps) encapsulated with chitosan under the adsorption of hexadecafluorozinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcP16) was developed. The synthesis of Fe3O4Nps was carried out through coprecipitation, followed by coating the nanoparticles with chitosan and incorporation with ZnPcP16. To understand and describe the mechanism of action of Fe3O4Nps-Chitosan-ZnPcP16, we use a variety of physicochemical characterization approaches. Electron microscopy results confirmed the monodispersity of the nanoparticles (13.2 ± 2.3 nm). Size distribution and surface charge (zeta potential) were determined by a dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyzer. VSM measurements confirmed its magnetic properties (1.18 emu.g−1). XDR confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra were used to evaluate the photophysical behavior of ZnPcP16 and Fe3O4Nps-Chitosan-ZnPcP16. These studies have demonstrated good results through synthesizing Fe3O4Nps-Chitosan-ZnPcP16, which could be a promising candidate for applications in photodynamic therapy.The photosensitizer was used for the first time for incorporation into magnetite nanoparticles.Fluorescence stability is observed using the Fe3O4Nps-Chitosan-ZnPcP16 nanoparticle for PDT.Nanoparticles based on Fe3O4Nps-Chitosan loaded with ZnPcPc16 showed photodynamic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia, a minimally invasive localized therapy that uses heat generated by magnetic nanoparticles under an AC magnetic field, is a complementary approach for cancer treatment that is excellent due to its advantages of being noninvasive and addressing only the affected region. Still, its use as a stand-alone therapy is hindered by the simultaneous requirement of nanoparticle biocompatibility, good heating efficiency, and physiological safe dose. To overcome these limits, the biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles' heating efficiency must be optimized. Iron oxide nanoparticles are accepted as the more biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles available. Therefore, in this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a low-cost coprecipitation method and modified with starch and gum to increase their heating efficiency and compatibility with living tissues. Two different reducing agents, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), were used to compare their influence. The X-ray diffraction results indicate the formation of a single magnetite/maghemite phase in all cases, with the particle size distribution depending on the coating and reducing agent. Citric acid functionalized water-based ferrofluids were also prepared to study the heating efficiency of the nanoparticles under a magnetic field with a 274 kHz frequency and a 14 kAm−1 amplitude. The samples prepared with NaOH display a higher specific loss power (SLP) compared to the ones prepared with NH4OH. The SLP value of 72 Wg−1 for the magnetic nanoparticles coated with a combination of starch and gum arabic, corresponding to an intrinsic loss power (ILP) of 2.60 nWg−1, indicates that they are potential materials for magnetic hyperthermia therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was designed to explore the efficiency of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs)/bacterial cell assembly to biodegrade lignin and lignocellulose, decontaminate pulp and paper-contaminated wastewater and optimize lignin adsorption by Fe3O4 NPs. Water samples were collected from three paper and carton manufacturing companies, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Pseudomonas otitidis MCC10330, the most active and promising strain among 10 previously screened indigenous and exogenous isolates, was selected and decorated with magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, that were prepared by the co-precipitation method, characterized and used to decontaminate paper and pulp effluent in a batch mode bioassay for 4 h. Fe3O4 NPs/bacterial cell assembly achieved the highest removals (64.1, 52.0, 54.3 and 66.6%) of TSS, COD, BOD, and Total Tannin and Lignin after 1, 4 and 4 h, reaching residual concentrations (RCs) of 322, 216, 112 and 7 mg/L, which are still slightly higher (5.35, 2.7 and 1.86-fold) than their maximum permissible limits (MPLs), respectively. RCs of pH, DO and TDS in the treated effluent are accepted for safe discharging. Maximum lignin adsorption and removal (82.14%) using Fe3O4 NPs was achieved at the optimized conditions (pH 6, Fe3O4 NPs dosage of 100 mg and 10 min contact time). Results confirmed that the proposed magnetite-coated Pseudomonas otitidis treatment system is highly efficient and recommended to treat the highly contaminated pulp and paper wastewater. Also, as far as we know, this integrated assemblage is the first time to be used as a novel, very promising, eco-friendly, renewable and economical biotechnological approach to minimize/eliminate the involved pollutants with the least running time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the EMI SE (Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness) of novel multifunctional polymer hybrids in the X-band and Ku-band frequencies. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via wet chemical reduction and nanographene was synthesized through chemical exfoliation combined with microwave treatment. Nine different composites were prepared with varying weight ratios of graphene and magnetite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their structural and morphological properties. SEM analysis revealed magnetite particle sizes ranging from 10.05 nm to 29.8 nm. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis indicated that the magnetite nanoparticles exhibit super paramagnetic behavior with a magnetic anisotropy constant (K) of approximately 63.9375 × 106 J/m3. Impedance analysis, permittivity and permeability measurements showed frequency-dependent behaviors, with interfacial polarization effects due to magnetite agglomeration. The highest conductivity, observed in the 50:5:37.5:7.5 hybrid, peaked at 8 S/cm at lower frequencies. The 50:5:37.5:7.5 hybrid demonstrated the highest EMI SE of 50.08 dB (99.999019% suppression) in the X-band, which is suitable for advanced EMI-shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and a ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate) is proposed as a sorbent for the extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) from bottom sediments by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The saturation magnetization of the synthesized sorbent is 34 emu/g. Grinding of bottom sediments and subsequent grinding with a sorbent was carried out in a ball mill. Some stages of MSPD were partially automated, in particular, the procedures of magnetic separation, BPA desorption, and sorbent regeneration. The recovery of BPA under the experimentally selected conditions (sorbent mass 0.5 g, time required to grind the sorbent 5 min) was 94%. The sorbent can withstand four sorption-desorption cycles without a loss of sorption capacity. To purify the matrix from interferents, washing with n-heptane was proposed. Bisphenol A was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after derivatization with acetic anhydride. The analytical characteristics of the method were established using model samples of bottom sediments artificially contaminated with BPA. The limit of determination using the developed method is 0.1 μg/kg, the linearity range of the calibration curve is 0.3–12 μg/kg (r2 = 0.994). As real samples for analysis, we used bottom sediments selected near the discharge of wastewater treatment plants in the city of Voronezh (Voronezh River and Don River). The BPA concentration in bottom sediments is 3.83–6.52 μg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important problems and the main obstacle of this process is the transformation of the complex structure of lignocellulose. One of the ways to break the lignocellulosic structure is to use suitable pretreatment compounds and nanoparticles with appropriate concentration. For this purpose, the synergistic effect of 6%NaOH pretreatment with different magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) concentrations was assessed for maximizing the biogas production. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of MSW and SS codigestion was determined from our previous studies (MSW:SS 60:40). Application of the 6%NaOH pretreatment alone increased biogas and methane production by 24.6 and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the control. Also, the 6%NaOH pretreatment alone elevated cellulose by 85% while reducing lignin and hemicellulose by 64 and 33%, respectively. The greatest biogas and methane production was obtained in the reactor of 6%NaOH with an MNP concentration of 110 ppm, experiencing an 86 and 162% increase compared to the control. The greatest reduction in total solids and volatile solids was also obtained in this digestor by 76.6 and 79%, respectively, compared to the control reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposure of the seeds to environmental stresses constitutes a limiting factor that controls the success of germination and the creation of new seedlings. Germination rate and seedling growth from bean were examined after imbibition of seeds with deionized water (control), co-precipitation Fe3O4 NPs1 (43 nm), or green synthesis Fe3O4 NPs2 (6 nm). Fe3O4 NPs increased the germination rate. The results showed that Fe3O4 NPs2 had a higher positive effect on seed germination and growth compared to Fe3O4 NPs1. The effects of Fe3O4 NPs1 and Fe3O4 NPs2 on the germination of bean seeds varied depending on NP concentrations and sizes. Fe3O4 NPs2 caused higher metabolic activities (increase in amino acids and soluble sugar contents) and lower solute leakage, which controlled seed viability. Moreover, peroxidase (GPOX; EC 1.11.1.7) and dehydrogenase (EC; 1.1.1.1) activities were induced in response to NPs application, which improved defense mechanisms and reduced oxidative damage. Fe3O4 NPs2 had a greater favorable effect on seed germination and growth than Fe3O4 NPs1. Following nanoparticle dose control for each plant species, we advise using green synthesis NPS in the new agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a new process, based on the green nanoparticles Fe3O4 and magnetization coupling for the treatment of saline well water. In this context, iron nanoparticles were synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus leaves. The nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared for identification. Batch experiments were conducted to illustrate the optimal parameters related to contact times and the mass of nanoparticles. The latter marked an optimal contact time of 100 min and a mass of 56 mg/L accompanied by a magnetic treatment for a contact time of 48 min. The results showed a significant (R2 = 0.93) water salinity reduction (67%) and a potential for improvement in the germination of tomato seeds (81%) through the investigation of the evolution of the length of the roots, the stems, and the number of germinated seeds. Coupling MNPs-magnetic field for reducing water salinity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers often grapple with the challenge of managing biological waste. This study represent this issue by exploring the potential utilization of this biological waste. Specifically, this research focused on investigating the dielectric properties of cellulose extracted from sugarcane. Additionally, this study delves into the development of a nanocomposite using sugarcane cellulose and magnetite nanoparticles. The magnetite nanoparticles are synthesized utilizing the coprecipitation method. The particle size and structure of the prepared magnetite nanoparticles were examined through transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction techniques. For preparation of the nanocomposite, a homogeneous mixture was achieved by dispersing magnetite and cellulose in distilled water using ultrasonication. Cellulose was loaded with 6 wt% magnetite, which represents the maximum concentration. The cellulose/magnetite nanocomposite exhibited significant differences in dielectric properties, influenced not only by the crystallization properties of cellulose, but also by the interfacial charges accumulated at the interfaces between cellulose and magnetite at different temperatures up to 120 °C and in the frequency, range extending from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The universal Jonscher power law is a strong fit to the conductivity spectrum observed in both cellulose and cellulose/magnetite samples. In the case of the cellulose sample, the electrical conduction mechanism was identified as ionic conduction. For the cellulose/magnetite sample, the conduction mechanism appears depend on both the temperature and frequency range. At low temperatures, predictions indicate small polaron hopping in the low-frequency range and associated barrier hopping in the high-frequency regions. Conversely, at high temperatures, the expected conduction mechanism shifts toward ionic conduction (n > 0.5). Nyquist diagrams were constructed, and it was shown that the addition of magnetite affects the components of the equivalent circuit. Examination of the electrical modulus revealed a relaxation peak in the cellulose sample, which is attributed to the increase in the degree of crystallinity accompanying the increase in temperature and the release of water molecules from the cellulose structure. The Havriliak–Negami (HN) model was used on the real and imaginary parts of the electrical modulus of the samples, and there is good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), are a fascinating group of nanoparticles that have been considerably investigated for biomedical applications because of their superparamagnetic properties, biodegradable nature, and biocompatibility. A novel Gram‐positive moderately thermophilic bacterial strain, namely Bacillus tequilensis ASFS.1, was isolated and identified. This strain is capable of producing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and exhibiting magnetotaxis behavior. This strain swimming behavior was investigated under static and dynamic environments, where it behaved very much similar to the magnetotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria. This study is the first report of a bacterium from the Bacillaceae family that has the potential to intracellular biosynthesis of IONPs. MNPs were separated by a magnetic and reproducible method which was designed for the first time for this study. In addition, UV‐visible spectrophotometer, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis were utilized to characterize the bio‐fabricated magnetite nanoparticles. Analysis of the particle size distribution pattern of the biogenic MNPs by FESEM imaging revealed the size range of 10–100 nm with the size range of 10–40 nm MNPs being the most frequent particles. VSM analysis demonstrated that biogenic MNPs displayed superparamagnetic properties with a high saturation magnetization value of 184 emu/g. After 24 h treatment of 3T3, U87, A549, MCF‐7, and HT‐29 cell lines with the biogenic MNPs, IC50 values were measured to be 339, 641, 582, 149, and 184 μg mL−1, respectively. This study presents the novel strain ASFS.1 capable of magnetotaxis by the aid of its magnetite nanoparticles and paving information on isolation, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of its MNPs. The MNPs showed promising potential for biomedical applications, obviously subject to additional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest for their wide applications in biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, antitumoral therapies, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. The work aimed to obtain biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles coated with amino acids of the general formula Fe3O4@AA (AA = L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-proline and L-cysteine) for potential therapeutic application in anticancer drug delivery. The obtained materials were characterised using XRD, FTIR, DLS analysis, SEM, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity tests of the obtained materials were carried out. The choice of amino acid determines the properties of the material and its future use, for example, Fe3O4@Cys supports radical production, which may increase the efficiency of catalytic degradation, while tryptophan captures radicals, which may be an advantage in several biomedical applications. Fe3O4@Trp exhibited good antimicrobial activity (MBEC and MIC) against E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and C. albicans ATCC 10231 while Fe3O4@Pro exhibited the best results against S. aureus ATCC 25923.

Abstract The study was designed to explore the efficiency of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs)/bacterial cell assembly to biodegrade lignin and lignocellulose, decontaminate pulp and paper-contaminated wastewater and optimize lignin adsorption by Fe3O4 NPs. Water samples were collected from three paper and carton manufacturing companies, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Pseudomonas otitidis MCC10330, the most active and promising strain among 10 previously screened indigenous and exogenous isolates, was selected and decorated with magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, that were prepared by the co-precipitation method, characterized and used to decontaminate paper and pulp effluent in a batch mode bioassay for 4 h. Fe3O4 NPs/bacterial cell assembly achieved the highest removals (64.1, 52.0, 54.3 and 66.6%) of TSS, COD, BOD, and Total Tannin and Lignin after 1, 4 and 4 h, reaching residual concentrations (RCs) of 322, 216, 112 and 7 mg/L, which are still slightly higher (5.35, 2.7 and 1.86-fold) than their maximum permissible limits (MPLs), respectively. RCs of pH, DO and TDS in the treated effluent are accepted for safe discharging. Maximum lignin adsorption and removal (82.14%) using Fe3O4 NPs was achieved at the optimized conditions (pH 6, Fe3O4 NPs dosage of 100 mg and 10 min contact time). Results confirmed that the proposed magnetite-coated Pseudomonas otitidis treatment system is highly efficient and recommended to treat the highly contaminated pulp and paper wastewater. Also, as far as we know, this integrated assemblage is the first time to be used as a novel, very promising, eco-friendly, renewable and economical biotechnological approach to minimize/eliminate the involved pollutants with the least running time.

Background and Objectives. A method for mineralizing polycaprolactone nanofibers by calcium carbonate (vaterite) microparticles containing nanoparticles of mixed iron oxide (magnetite) using the ultrasonic treatment is proposed. Materials and Methods: The process of recrystallization vaterite microparticles, which are part of the composite material, into calcite using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy was studied. Results: The resulting composite material can be used in tissue engineering as either a scaffold for cell growth or a drug carrier for their local release. Conclusion: It has been found that the complete process of recrystallization of vaterite into calcite takes about 27 hours, while the recrystallization rate increases significantly after 12 hours of exposure to water. According to X-ray diffraction data, there are no magnetic nanoparticles in the resulting coating by 24 o’clock. This is due to their gradual release as a result of the recrystallization of vaterite into calcite.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is the commonly prescribed fluoroquinolone antibiotic and one of the top ten emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the world. It can pose a potential health risk if its residues enter the body. In this study, the adsorption of CIP onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) was evaluated. Fe3O4@AgNPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The parameters affecting the adsorption of CIP on nanoadsorbent were investigated including the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, the salt content, and mixing speed. The highest efficiency of removal was achieved at pH 6, adsorbent dose of 3 mg l−1, salt content of 1 % (W/V) and shaking rate of 100 rpm. The adsorption process of CIP on the nanoadsorbent followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, the adsorption kinetics was pseudo‐second order and the maximum adsorption capacity was 125 mg g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocatalytic performance of immobilized ficin onto silica-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was examined. FTIR study indicated the successful immobilization of ficin onto silica-coated MNPs. The MNPs were synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method, resulting in coarse silica-coated MNPs with an amorphous or nanocrystalline phase. Results showed that the affinity of ficin to the substrate decreased due to the immobilization. However, the immobilized ficin exhibited enhanced stability and catalytic activity, with a wider pH range and higher thermal stability compared to free ficin. The optimum pH for immobilized ficin activity was found to be shifted from 7.0 to 6.0, making it a suitable candidate for slight acidic conditions. After five days of storage, immobilized ficin retained its initial activity, while free ficin showed a 30% decrease in activity. The immobilized ficin also exhibited a substantially higher activity than its free form after multiple cycles of usage. These findings suggest that immobilized ficin onto silica-coated iron oxide MNPs is a promising candidate for biocatalysis and industrial processes in a wide range of temperature and solutions with high reusability and stability. Highlights: Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were successfully coated with silica. The immobilized ficin exhibited enhanced stability and catalytic activity. Immobilized ficin was found to be a suitable candidate for slight acidic conditions. The immobilized ficin exhibited higher activity than its free form after multiple cycles of usage. Immobilized ficin onto silica-coated iron oxide MNPs is a promising candidate for biocatalysis and industrial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a cost-effective co-precipitation method. Magnetite NPs were encapsulated with silica via the modified Stober Method. Tetra ethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) was hydrolyzed and condensed with ethanol and H2O solution. Stable and biocompatible NPs were synthesized for biomedical applications such as bioseparation. This study expresses the NPs that can potentially be used in the bioseparation of toxic protein isolations and targeted drug delivery. X-ray diffraction verified the phase pattern having crystals like Fd-3m cubic space. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images identified the spherical-shaped NPs having size ranges from 15nm to 30nm for magnetite NPs and 20–40nm for silica-coated magnetite NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the bond spectrum peak at 549cm−1 and 562cm−1 for magnetite NPs and silica-coated magnetite NPs, respectively. UV–Visible analysis observed the band absorptions above 250nm for magnetite and above 300nm for silica-coated magnetite NPs. This research suggests an easy way to use silica-coated Magnetite NPs for bioseparation at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution harms the human and marine environment. An optimal water quality is a global target for the well-being of all living organisms including human. Based on this concept, this study focused on the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using the wet chemical reduction technique and their incorporation with the preparation of magnetic chitosan hydrogel (CS-HG) nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used as the main characterization tools. The magnetic CS-HG was applied to different types of multi-pollutant water to test its efficiency in removing different pollutants. Magnetic hydrogel showed high efficiencies (99.17, 98.27, 95.17, 93.9 and 49.59%) toward removing iron, phosphates, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia/ammonium, respectively. This study also investigated the effectiveness of a chemical treatment process by magnetic CS-HG in reducing bacterial populations in a water sample. The initial bacterial count of total coliforms (TC) ranged from 600,000 to 5,500,000CFU/ mL, significantly decreasing to 4,000 to 60,000CFU/ mL after treatment. Similarly, Pseudomonas counts were reduced from 25,000 to 50 to 75CFU/ mL. Notably, Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. were not detected in the samples before or after treatment. Further analysis revealed that some previously identified Pseudomonas isolates belong to different bacterial genera, including Neobacillus novalis, Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis, Acinetobacter schindleri, and Bacillus paramycoides. Thus, magnetic CSHG could be applied to clean up different kinds of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical properties of magnetite nanoparticles supported on carbon paste electrodes were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The measurements were performed for bare and coated with citrate magnetite nanoparticles in aqueous solutions of various electrolytes: NaCl, NaClO4, and Na2HPO4. Cyclic voltammetry curves obtained on bare and citrate functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles are rather similar indicating that the electrochemical properties of the magnetite nanoparticles are not significantly affected by the citrate coating. Cyclic voltammetry scans reveal the formation of metallic iron below −1.2 V. The defective structure of the oxide phases formed by oxidation of metallic iron seems to play an important role in the chemisorption of chloride ions and their subsequent oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach was used to create Fe3O4-methylcellulose (MC) nanocomposites, which were then analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and FE-SEM to determine their structure. The effective factors for enhancing the ratio of magnetite NPs in the samples were investigated using RTFM and optical absorbance. Fe3O4 was synthesized utilizing the reverse co-precipitation technique and magnetic characteristics. Fe3O4/MC nanocomposites with magnetite/MC weight ratios of 0, 0.07, 0.15, and 0.25 have been developed. The diffraction pattern of magnetite is well indexed in accordance with the spinal reference pattern of Fe3O4 (space group: R¯3m), as confirmed by the Rietveld analysis of XRD data of magnetite NPs with an average crystallite size of 50 nm. Magnetite's insertion into the MC network causes a red shift in the band gap energy (Eg) as the weight percentage of magnetite nanoparticles in the samples rises. The MC, MC-7, MC-15, and MC-25 samples have Eg values of 5.51, 5.05, 2.84, and 2.20 eV, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of biobased substances derived from industrial and household waste as renewable raw materials for environmental applications is gaining prominence due to its sustainable and cost-effective approach to waste valorisation. Herein, we report the uptake of paraquat, a widely used pesticide, by magnetite nanoparticles coated with composted urban biowaste-derived substances (MNP-BBS). The magnetic nanoparticles were prepared using a modified co-precipitation method, and were characterized through various physicochemical techniques. They were tested as an adsorbent for paraquat removal under diverse experimental conditions, exploring the influence of pH (3–10), MNP-BBS dosages (200–1000 mg L−1), ionic strength (0–0.01 M), and presence of organic matter. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption of paraquat onto MNP-BBS follows the pseudo-second-order model, reaching the adsorption equilibrium after 2 h of contact and 90% of paraquat removal in the best condition tested (1000 mg L−1). The equilibrium experimental data showed a high adsorption performance with a good fitting to the Freundlich isotherm model. Also, from Langmuir model a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.085 mmol g−1 was estimated. The results indicated that electrostatic interaction between the negative functional groups of the adsorbent and the paraquat play a major role in the adsorption mechanism, although the contribution of π-π and hydrophobic interactions cannot be completely ruled out. This research underscores the potential of utilizing MNP-BBS as an effective adsorbent for the removal of paraquat, shedding light on its application in sustainable water purification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic soft materials that can actuate in response to the external magnetic stimulus are of a high potential for the soft robotics and biomedical applications. This work reports on the new magneto-responsive materials based on the bio-based poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA). The synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were incorporated into the PBSA biopolymer matrix with the Fe3O4 content up to 3 wt%. The addition of Fe3O4 enhanced the magnetic and mechanical properties of the composites; all composites exhibited only the slight increases in the storage modulus in the presence of the external magnetic flux density of 10,000 G. The 3%v/v Fe3O4/PBSA composite exhibited only a small increase in the storage modulus from 7.23 × 105 Pa to 7.55 × 105 Pa without and with the magnetic flux density 10,000 G, respectively. The slight increases observed indicate the retained and favorable material flexibility and softness favoring the magnetic actuation. For the bending performance, the largest bending distance of 15.6 mm with the response time within 10 s and the maximum magnetophoretic force of 0.14 mN under the applied low magnetic flux density of 1300 G were obtained from the composite with the Fe3O4 content of 3.0%v/v with the composite magnetization of 1.719 emu g− 1. The fabricated soft magneto-responsive materials based on PBSA and Fe3O4 nanoparticle are shown here to be potential as soft magneto-responsive materials in the field of actuator such as soft robotic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a novel core-shell nanocatalyst with silica bi-shell around Fe3O4 and nickel active center, i.e. Fe3O4@xSiO2@ySiO2@BisPyP-Ni was synthesized and its characteristics were comprehensively discussed. This nanocatalyst was successfully used to synthesize biaryls (18 examples, 15–30 min, 92–98%) and diaryl sulfides (10 examples, 20–140 min, 79–98%) at 80 °C. Excellent performance in speeding up the reaction time, magnetic nature, high porosity, and immobilization of two layers around Fe3O4 are four prominent characteristics of this catalyst. Coating the magnetic core with silica layers led to saving the consumption of the catalyst because this trick leads to the bonding of more organic groups to the substrate, as a result, more nickel enters the mesoporous cavities, and the reaction with a smaller amount of catalyst is finished (in a shorter time). Other advantages of both our production lines are: the ability to recover and reuse the catalyst for up to 8 runs (without a noticeable decrease in its catalytic performance), extensive substrate scope, the employ of commercially accessible materials, simple workup, environmental safety and the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst (by confirming the reusability and hot filtration test results). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The ultrasmall, superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle ferumoxytol has unique applications in cardiac, vascular, and body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its long intravascular half-life and suitability as a blood pool agent. However, limited availability and high cost have hindered its clinical adoption. A new ferumoxytol generic, and the emergence of MoldayION as an alternative USPIO, represent opportunities to expand the use of USPIO-enhanced MRI techniques. PURPOSE: To compare in vitro and in vivo MRI relaxometry and enhancement of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL: Ten healthy swine and six swine with artificially induced coronary narrowing underwent cardiac MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T; T1-weighted (4D-MUSIC, 3D-VIBE, 2D-MOLLI) and T2-weighted (2D-HASTE) sequences pre- and post-contrast. ASSESSMENT: We compared the MRI relaxometry of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION using saline, plasma, and whole blood MRI phantoms with contrast concentrations from 0.26 mM to 2.10 mM. In-vivo contrast effects on T1- and T2-weighted sequences and fractional intravascular contrast distribution volume in myocardium, liver, and spleen were evaluated. STATISTICAL TESTS: Analysis of variance and covariance were used for group comparisons. A P value

This research presents a sustainable approach to fabricate iron oxide nanoparticles by employing phytochemicals derived from marine grass extract as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Formation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) initially confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) showing absorption peak at 370 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques unveiled magnetic iron oxide NPs with a rod shape, an average size of 21 nm, and an inverse spinel crystal structure. The participation of organic compounds in the production and stabilization of MNPs was evidenced through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated the magnetic properties of iron oxide NPs showing a saturation magnetization value of 21.46 emu/g. The catalytic efficiency of these marine-assisted MNPs was evaluated in a one-pot three-component reaction involving isatoic anhydride, aromatic aldehydes, and amines under ultrasonic conditions. Under optimal conditions, a low dose of 1.5 mg of biobased magnetite nanoparticles yielded dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One products with up to 95 % efficiency in a brief duration of 15 min at an ultrasonic power intensity of 130 W. Different directing groups were investigated, and control experiments were carried out to enhance the understanding of the reaction mechanism. The obtained results highlight the synergistic effect of marine grass-mediated magnetic nanocatalysts combined with ultrasonic-assisted synthesis in developing sustainable green methodologies in organic synthesis.

In the current study, tannic acid-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using a cost-effective co-precipitation method and subsequently characterized using various instrumentation techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Further, these surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles have been used for the adsorption of toluidine dye from an aqueous solution. The adsorption process was accompanied using batch procedure, and influences of several factors such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, temperature, and initial concentration of adsorbate were inspected concurrently. The maximum adsorption capacity of tannic acid-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles was found to be 50.68 mg/g. The adsorption process was observed to follow the Temkin isotherm model, whereas the kinetic study was well described by pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic study revealed the adsorption process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature with a high degree of freedom between adsorbent and adsorbate. Therefore, the study indicated that the tannic acid-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles have promising adsorption capability and can be used as an excellent adsorbent for the removal of toluidine blue O dye from the aqueous solution. HIGHLIGHTS Tannic acid-tailored magnetite nanoparticles were employed as adsorbents for the removal of coloured pollutants from an aqueous solution.; Batch adsorption techniques were applied to scrutinize the adsorption behaviour of these magnetite nanoparticles.; The adsorption process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model of isotherm.; The desorption study suggested the reusability of adsorbents.;

In this study, inexpensive magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared and applied to oil spill remediation. To do so, two novel hydrophobic amides, HADN and HATN, were prepared and applied to Fe3O4 surface modification, producing HAN-Fe3O4 and HAT-Fe3O4, respectively. The efficiency of HAN-Fe3O4 and HAT-Fe3O4 for oil spill remediation (EOSR) was investigated using different HAN-Fe3O4 and HAT-Fe3O4 weights and at various contact times. The data indicated that the EOSR increased with increased HAN-Fe3O4 and HAT-Fe3O4 weights, as their EOSR reached 100% and 89%, respectively, using 100 mg. The results also revealed that the optimum time for HAN-Fe3O4 and HAT-Fe3O4 (50 mg) to achieve the highest EOSR is 8 min, as their EOSR reached 98% and 84%, respectively, at this time. In addition, HAN-Fe3O4 exhibited higher EOSR than HAT-Fe3O4, which could be linked to the presence of an aromatic ring in HADN that is used for surface modification of Fe3O4, making them more compatible with crude oil components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the unique features of nanoparticles (NPs) have encouraged new applications in different areas including biology, medicine, agriculture, and electronics. Their quick joining into daily life not only enhances the uses of NPs in a wide range of modern technologies but also their release into the aquatic environment causes inevitable environmental concerns. On the other hand boron exhibits key physiological effects on biological systems. This research was designed for evaluating the toxicity of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs) on aquatic organisms and obtaining data for the information gap in this area. In this study, Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was considered as an aquatic indicator, and trials were designed as Ulexite (a boron mineral, UX) treatment against exposure to Fe3O4-MNPs. Synthesized and characterized Fe3O4-MNPs were exposed to rainbow trouts in wide spectrum concentrations (0.005–0.08 mL/L) to analyze its lethal dose (LC50) and cytoprotective properties by UX treatment were assessed against Fe3O4-MNPs applications for 96 h. For the initial toxicity analysis, hematological parameters (blood cell counts) were examined in experimental groups and micronucleus (MN) assay was performed to monitor nuclear abnormalities after exposure to NPs. Biochemical analyzes in both blood and liver samples were utilized to assess antioxidant/oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. Also, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay was used to investigate oxidative DNA lesions and Caspase-3 analysis was performed on both blood and liver tissues to monitor apoptotic cell death occurrence. When antioxidant enzymes in blood and liver tissue were examined, time-dependent decreases in activity were determined in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH enzymes, while increased levels of MDA and MPO parameters were observed in respect to Fe3O4-MNPs exposure. It was found that TNF-α, Il-6 levels were enhanced against Fe3O4-MNPs treatment, but Nrf-2 levels were decreased at the 46th and 96th h. In the 96th application results, all parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in blood and liver tissue, except for the IL-6 results. It was determined that the frequency of MN, the level of 8-OHdG and caspase-3 activity increased in respect to Fe3O4-MNPs exposure over time. Treatment with UX alleviated Fe3O4-MNPs-induced hematotoxic and hepatotoxic alterations as well as oxidative and genetic damages. Our findings offer strong evidence for the use of UX as promising, safe and natural protective agents against environmental toxicity of magnetite nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to antibiotics by pathogenic bacteria constitutes a health burden and nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed as alternative and multipurpose antimicrobial substances. Magnetite (Fe3O4 np), manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4 np) and nickel ferrite (NiFe3O4 np) NPs were synthesized and characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infra‐red, and X‐ray diffraction. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 0.625 to 10 mg/mL against gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), gram‐negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and candida (Candida albicans ATCC 10239 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803) species. The NPs exhibited violacein inhibition against Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 of 100% at MIC and reduced to 27.2% ± 0.8% for magnetite NPs, 12.7% ± 0.3% for manganese ferrite NPs and 43.1% ± 0.2% for nickel ferrite NPs at MIC/4. Quorum‐sensing (QS) inhibition zones against C. violaceum CV026 were 12.5 ±0.6 mm for Fe3O4 np, 09.1 ± 0.5 mm for MnFe3O4 NP and 17.0 ± 1.2 mm for NiFe3O4 np. The NPs inhibited swarming motility against P. aeruginosa PA01 and biofilm against six pathogens and the gram‐positive biofilms were more susceptible than the gram‐negative ones. The NiFe2O4 np had highest antibiofilm activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria as well as highest QS inhibition while Fe3O4 NP had highest biofilm inhibition against candida species. The synthesized magnetic NPs can be used in developing anti‐virulence drugs which reduce pathogenicity of bacteria as well as resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) with high purity, stability, and small sizes for biomedical applications is in high demand. The research on Fe3O4 NPs has been rapidly expanding and holds considerable promise for advancing new technologies and enhancing existing ones. Herein, Fe3O4 was synthesized from iron ferrous chloride (II) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on air, and then coated with gum Arabic (GA) in a single step. The characterizations were investigated using UV–Vis absorption, ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Compared to bare Fe3O4, GA-coated magnetite nanoparticles (GA-Fe3O4) showed a uniform cubic morphology with a mean size of 8.61 ± 1.31 nm. Stability studies were performed via dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, zeta (ζ) potential, and observing the precipitation of NPs over 5 weeks. GA-Fe3O4 showed higher stability of -34.5 mV compared to -23.1 mV for bare Fe3O4. Further, GA-Fe3O4 NPs demonstrate interesting magnetic properties that can be efficiently separated from the reaction medium with the aid of an external magnet. The magnetic properties of GA-Fe3O4 were confirmed through VSM analysis, revealing a significantly high saturation magnetism of approximately 226 emu/g. GA-Fe3O4 NPs are promising magnetic NPS that can offer several benefits in biomedical applications, such as increased biocompatibility, improved stability, and enhanced functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we prepared magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded with natural Moringa oleifera (M. olf) herb and Epilim (Ep) drug to evaluate the anti-cancerous activity against brain cancer cells. All the samples were prepared via co-precipitation approach modified with different concentrations of M. olf and Ep drug at room temperature. The MNPs loaded with drug and natural herb were studied in terms of crystal structure, morphology, colloidal stability, size distribution, and magnetic properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images exhibited the morphologies of samples with spherical shape as well as the particles size of 9 nm for MNPs and up to 23 nm for its composites. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicated the magnetization saturation (Ms) of 42.510 emu/g for MNPs. This value reduced to 16–35 emu/g upon loading MNPs with different concentrations of M. olf and Ep. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the chemical interaction between the Ep, M.olf and MNPs. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirmed the largest surface area for MNPs (422.61 m2/g) which gradually reduced on addition of M. olf and Ep indicating the successful loading. The zeta potential measurements indicated that the MNPs and MNPs loaded with M. olf and Ep are negatively charged and can be dispersed in the suspension. Furthermore, U87 human glioblastoma cell line was used for the in vitro cellular studies to determine the efficacy of synthesized MNPs against cancer cells. The results confirmed the anti-proliferative activity of the MNPs loaded with M. olf and Ep.

In this work, two magnetorheological suspensions composed of polypyrrole nanorods decorated with magnetite nanoparticles and suspended in silicone oil were studied as electrical devices. The electrical devices (EDs) were fabricated in a unique cell using nanotubes with different magnetic and electric properties which can be tailored during synthesis. The electrical effects of the suspensions were studied under static electric and magnetic fields and were superimposed on a medium-frequency electric field. The electrical resistance Rp and the quality factor Qp at the terminals of EDs were extracted and analysed. Additionally, the equivalent electrical capacitances Cp were obtained through a well-established theory and then compared for each ED. Through the electrical and magnetic dipolar approximation model, it was illustrated that the electrical effect induced in a suspension can be three times higher depending on the amount of the magnetite. Thus, by tuning the synthesis parameters, it is possible to obtain EDs with well-defined and unique properties.

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of oriented and non-oriented assemblies of linear magnetosome chains are calculated by solving the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation. The dependence of the shape of the FMR spectrum of a dilute assembly of chains on the particle diameter, the number of particles in a chain, the distance between the centers of neighboring particles, the mutual orientation of the cubic axes of particle anisotropy, and the value of the magnetic damping constant is studied. It is shown that FMR spectra of non-oriented chain assemblies depend on the average particle diameter at a fixed thickness of the lipid magnetosome membrane, as well as on the value of the magnetic damping constant. At the same time, they are practically independent of the number Np of particles in the chain under the condition Np ≥ 10. The FMR spectra of non-oriented assemblies of magnetosome chains are compared with that of random clusters of interacting spherical magnetite nanoparticles. The shape of FMR spectra of both assemblies is shown to differ appreciably even at sufficiently large values of filling density of random clusters.

This study was conducted to synthesize magnetic wood through the ex situ impregnation method of magnetite nanoparticles and analyze its physical properties and characterization. The process was initiated with the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method and the nano-magnetite was successfully synthesized with a particle distribution of 17–233 nm at an average size of 75 nm. Furthermore, the impregnation solution consisted of three different levels of magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in furfuryl alcohol, untreated and furfurylated wood for comparison. Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) was also used due to its low physical properties. The impregnation process was conducted by immersing the samples in the solution at a vacuum of −0.5 bar for 30 min, followed by a pressure of 1 bar for 2 h. There was also an improvement in the physical properties, such as weight percent gain, bulking effect, anti-swelling efficiency and density, while the water uptake continued to decrease. Additionally, magnetite nanoparticles appeared in wood microstructure image, supported by the result of ferrum content in chemical element analysis. The results showed that chemical change analysis proved the presence of Fe–O functional group cross-linked with wood polymer. The diffractogram also reported the appearance of magnetite nanoparticles peak and a decrease in crystallinity due to an increase in the concentration. Based on the analysis, sengon wood was classified as a superparamagnetic material with soft magnetic characteristics and the optimum treatment was furfurylated-magnetite 12.5% wood.

To address the harmful pollutants found in heavy metals and agricultural waste, researchers have worked on creating various materials that can capture these pollutants. They have experimented with altering the shape, size, structure, surface properties, and bioactive components of these materials. This study aims to improve the effectiveness of materials used for adsorption, focusing on the combination of cobalt spinal ferrite (CoFe2O4) and nanoporous carbon (NC) obtained from discarded palm kernel shells with the aim of Hg(ii) removal. The composite formed by the hydrothermal method was characterized thoroughly with morphological, structural, functional, pore sizes, thermal analysis, and magnetization analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted under optimal conditions with a mass of 0.3 g, a concentration of 30 mg·L−1 of Hg(ii), and a pH of 3. The aim was to adsorb Hg(ii) ions from aqueous solutions. The analysis of kinetic studies using the Freundlich model revealed that it provided the most accurate fit for the adsorption isotherm. This model indicated a maximum Hg(ii) adsorption efficiency of 232.56 mg·g−1. Additionally, the thermodynamic measurements indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic process. Likewise, we assessed how well the NC@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite could absorb Hg(ii) ions in actual condensate samples from the oil and gas industry. The results demonstrated a 93% recovery rate for Hg(ii) ions in wastewater. According to the findings, the NC@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite synthesized appears to be a strong contender for wastewater treatment and, at the same time, the prepared nanocomposite’s effectiveness, affordability, and non-toxic nature support the potential applications.

The primary aim of this research is to investigate the impact of an external magnetic field on bacteria that are surrounded by a large quantity of magnetite nanoparticles. The study utilizes magnetite $\left({F{e_3}{O_4}} \right)$Fe3O4 nanofluid using blood as a base fluid with variable thermal conductivity, in which a synthetic bacterium moves within a biological cell. The focus of the study lies in analyzing the non-steady movement of a micropolar fluid in a two-dimensional context, specifically in the presence of a curved porous wall. Suitable transformations are used to transform the nonlinear PDEs to their corresponding nonlinear ODEs. The HAM (Homotopy Analysis Method) is used to find the mathematical results. The impact of various key parameters is studied by using numerical tables and graphs. This study shows that the velocity curves of the pure blood is higher than those magnetite/blood. Clinical disease shows that perilous tumors have weakened blood flow. This study demonstrates that higher parameter values lead to an improvement in the blood velocity profile, indicating that medication therapy reduces tumor size and aids in countering distorted cells. Furthermore, the research reveals that an increase in the concentration of magnetite nanoparticles corresponds to an increase in the distribution of blood temperature. The findings of this study highlight the significant role played by thermal conductivity in enhancing the rate of heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles are of great interest to scientists as potential drug carriers. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the processes these nanoparticles undergo at the cellular level. The present paper demonstrates the effect of a constant and rotating magnetic field on penetration of TEMPOL-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles into yeast cells. The interactions between nanoparticles and yeast cells without and with a magnetic field were studied using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The results showed that the ESR method can monitor the effect of a magnetic field on the magnetite nanoparticle penetration rate into the cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing nanoparticles' anti-cancer capabilities as drug carriers requires the careful adjustment of formulation parameters, including loading efficiency, drug/carrier ratio, and synthesis method. Small adjustments to these parameters can significantly influence the drug-loading efficiency of nanoparticles. Our study explored how chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings affect the structural properties, drug-loading efficiency, and anti-cancer efficacy of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The loading efficiency of the NPs was determined using FTIR spectrometry and XRD. The quantity of chrysin incorporated into the coated NPs was examined using UV–Vis spectrometry. The effect of the NPs on cell viability and apoptosis was determined by employing the HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cell line. We showed that a two-fold increase in drug concentration did not impact the loading efficiency of Fe3O4 NPs coated with PEG. However, there was a 33 Å difference in the crystallite sizes obtained from chitosan-coated Fe3O4 NPs and drug concentrations of 1:0.5 and 1:2, resulting in decreased system stability. In conclusion, PEG coating exhibited a higher loading efficiency of Fe3O4 NPs compared to chitosan, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, variations in the loaded amount of chrysin did not impact the crystallinity of PEG-coated NPs, emphasizing the stability and regularity of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are highly favored materials for a wide range of applications, from smart composite materials and biosensors to targeted drug delivery. These multifunctional applications typically require the biofunctional coating of MNPs that involves various conjugation techniques to form stable MNP–biomolecule complexes. In this study, a cost-effective method is developed for the chlorostannate modification of MNP surfaces that provides efficient one-step conjugation with biomolecules. The proposed method was validated using MNPs obtained via an optimized co-precipitation technique that included the use of degassed water, argon atmosphere, and the pre-filtering of FeCl2 and FeCl3 solutions followed by MNP surface modification using stannous chloride. The resulting chlorostannated nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized, and their efficiency was compared with both carboxylate-modified and unmodified MNPs. The biorecognition performance of MNPs was verified via magnetic immunochromatography. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to folic acid served as model biomolecules conjugated with the MNP to produce nanobioconjugates, while folic acid–gelatin conjugates were immobilized on the test lines of immunochromatography lateral flow test strips. The specific trapping of the obtained nanobioconjugates via antibody–antigen interactions was registered via the highly sensitive magnetic particle quantification technique. The developed chlorostannate modification of MNPs is a versatile, rapid, and convenient tool for creating multifunctional nanobioconjugates with applications that span in vitro diagnostics, magnetic separation, and potential in vivo uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic and sorption properties and structural characteristics of hydrophobized silicas (CMS-C16) modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are studied. The structural characteristics of CMS when modified with MNPs, established by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, practically do not change, and the sorption and magnetic properties depend to the greatest extent on the size of the sorbent particles. The dependence of the efficiency of extraction of some organic compounds on magnetic sorbents on the size of sorbate molecules is found. The magnetic sorbent was used for the sample preparation using the QuEChERS method for determining the active ingredients of drugs and their metabolites in animal kidneys using liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to synthesize magnetic wood through the ex situ impregnation method of magnetite nanoparticles and analyze its physical properties and characterization. The process was initiated with the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method and the nano-magnetite was successfully synthesized with a particle distribution of 17–233 nm at an average size of 75 nm. Furthermore, the impregnation solution consisted of three different levels of magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in furfuryl alcohol, untreated and furfurylated wood for comparison. Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) was also used due to its low physical properties. The impregnation process was conducted by immersing the samples in the solution at a vacuum of −0.5 bar for 30 min, followed by a pressure of 1 bar for 2 h. There was also an improvement in the physical properties, such as weight percent gain, bulking effect, anti-swelling efficiency and density, while the water uptake continued to decrease. Additionally, magnetite nanoparticles appeared in wood microstructure image, supported by the result of ferrum content in chemical element analysis. The results showed that chemical change analysis proved the presence of Fe–O functional group cross-linked with wood polymer. The diffractogram also reported the appearance of magnetite nanoparticles peak and a decrease in crystallinity due to an increase in the concentration. Based on the analysis, sengon wood was classified as a superparamagnetic material with soft magnetic characteristics and the optimum treatment was furfurylated-magnetite 12.5% wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]