31 results on '"macromodelling"'
Search Results
2. MACROMODELING OF LOCAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM BALANCE FORECASTING USING FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF LOAD AND GENERATION SCHEDULES
- Author
-
Daniyar Jarykbassov, Petr Lezhniuk, Iryna Hunko, Vladyslav Lysyi, and Lyubov Dobrovolska
- Subjects
power supply system ,urban development ,power consumption forecasting ,macromodelling ,fractal properties ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
A method of forecasting the balance of electricity consumption of urban development objects, civil purposes using discrete macromodels is proposed. We consider the power supply system (PSS) of the district, which is characterised by power supply from general-purpose power grids, as well as having its own generation of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES). Such a local electric power system (LES) under certain conditions can be operated as an independent balanced electrical facility. For optimal operation of the LES under these conditions, it is necessary to predict its power consumption schedules. The proposed macromodelling method allows to develop deterministic models of power consumption with the required accuracy on the basis of retrospective information without the use of data preprocessing procedures. The solution to the problem of forecasting electricity consumption schedules is simplified by using only basic or deterministic characteristics in the construction of the model. These include fractal properties of PSS load schedules.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Pandemic meltdown and economic recovery – A multi-phase dynamic model, empirics, and policy
- Author
-
Willi Semmler, Jérôme Henry, and Helmut Maurer
- Subjects
Macromodelling ,Covid19 ,Monetary policy ,Regime change ,Optimal control ,Nonlinearity ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 - Abstract
In this paper a two-phase pandemic-economic model is proposed, with phase-specific modeling and policy variables – as suggested by the chronicle of pandemic and economic policy developments over the period 2020–2021. In a first phase, the spread of a pandemic disease is the primary concern of authorities, that still also pay attention to economic activity. A dynamic model is introduced, embedding a two-way interaction between an extended epidemic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model and output gap dynamics. In the second phase, posterior to lockdowns when waves fade away, monetary policy becomes the control variable, pursuing again a joint objective, of supporting a non-inflationary recovery without causing significant fatalities. We then use a standard stylized model for the macroeconomy with simplified infection dynamics, that also enter the policy objective. The two phases are thus studied in a regime change model where the control and state variables as well as the objective function are allowed to change across phases. We solve the model over a finite horizon and derive the optimal lockdown or monetary policy path that jointly minimizes pandemic and economic losses. The two-phase finite horizon decision model is empirically calibrated and numerically solved by discretization and optimization methods. In the first phase, albeit with lasting adverse effects on output, lockdown-based control can be effective in reducing infection rates, but less so when starting from a negative output gap. In the second phase, accommodative monetary policy appears to be effective on both fronts, with even an eventual need for a return to tightening as output gap closes and inflation resumes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. AN INVESTIGATION OF CARBON TAXES AND TERMS OF TRADE IN A LARGE MACROECONOMETRIC MODEL.
- Author
-
Holland, Dawn, Hurst, Ian, Kara, Amit, and Liadze, Iana
- Subjects
CARBON taxes ,TERMS of trade ,GOVERNMENT revenue ,FOSSIL fuels ,PARIS Agreement (2016) - Abstract
Carbon taxes are likely to play a key role in meeting greenhouse gas emission targets that are consistent with the Paris Agreement. In this article, we assess the macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax on the global economy, paying particular attention to the terms-of-trade implications for importers and exporters of fossil fuels. We use a modified version of the National Institute's Global Econometric Model, NiGEM. In the stylized scenarios, all countries and regions impose a permanent and uniform carbon tax immediately. Our simulations show that demand for fossil fuels falls substantially in response to the tax, global (pre-tax) prices of fossil fuels decline, and the tax can raise substantial revenue for the government. The overall impact on GDP growth and inflation in each country depends on the fossil fuel intensity of output, the net losses/gains in terms of trade and the macroeconomic policy reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Analysis of Very Fast Transients Using Black Box Macromodels in ATP-EMTP
- Author
-
Jonathan James, Maurizio Albano, David Clark, Dongsheng Guo, and Abderrahmane (Manu) Haddad
- Subjects
gas insulated substations (gis) ,very fast transients (vft) ,finite element analysis (fea), finite element method (fem) ,electromagnetic transients program (emtp) ,vector fitting (vf) ,macromodelling ,Technology - Abstract
Modelling for very fast transients (VFTs) requires good knowledge of the behaviour of gas insulated substation (GIS) components when subjected to high frequencies. Modelling usually takes the form of circuit-based insulation coordination type studies, in an effort to determine the maximum overvoltages and waveshapes present around the system. At very high frequencies, standard transmission line modelling assumptions may not be valid. Therefore, the approach to modelling of these transients must be re-evaluated. In this work, the high frequency finite element analysis (FEA) was used to enhance circuit-based models, allowing direct computation of parameters from geometric and material characteristics. Equivalent models that replicate a finite element model’s frequency response for bus-spacer and 90° elbow components were incorporated in alternative transients program-electromagnetic transients program (ATP-EMTP) using a pole-residue equivalent circuit derived following rational fitting using the well-established and robust method of vector fitting (VF). A large model order is often required to represent this frequency dependent behaviour through admittance matrices, leading to increased computational burden. Moreover, while highly accurate models can be derived, the data extracted from finite element solutions can be non-passive, leading to instability when included in time domain simulations. A simple method of improved stability for FEA derived responses along with a method for identification of a minimum required model order for stability of transient simulations is proposed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Mixed Analog Digital Simulation of Integrated Circuits with BRASIL
- Author
-
Bretthauer, U., Horneber, E.-H., Becerra, Juan J., editor, and Friedman, Eby G., editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Experimental and numerical insights on the diagonal compression test for the shear characterisation of masonry
- Author
-
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria de la Construcció, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ATEM - Anàlisi i Tecnologia d'Estructures i Materials, Segura Domingo, Jorge, Pelà, Luca, Saloustros, Savvas, Roca Fabregat, Pedro, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria de la Construcció, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ATEM - Anàlisi i Tecnologia d'Estructures i Materials, Segura Domingo, Jorge, Pelà, Luca, Saloustros, Savvas, and Roca Fabregat, Pedro
- Abstract
The masonry tensile strength and shear modulus play a key role in the definition of the shear capacity of masonry structures. These properties are often determined experimentally by means of the diagonal compression test on square walls, which is regulated by the ASTM E519 standard. In spite of its wide use, the interpretation of the test is still controversial and no universal criterion exists on how to derive the masonry mechanical properties from the wall overall strength. Aiming to contribute in the improvement of the test’s reliability and interpretation, this paper presents an investigation on the use of the diagonal compression test to characterize the shear properties of masonry. First, an experimental campaign on brickwork walls is described. The walls were built in laboratory in Flemish bond, a pattern that has been scarcely investigated in the available research studies on this type of test. Second, an advanced numerical model is used for the analysis of walls subjected to the diagonal compression test. The adopted numerical model, enhanced by a crack-tracking algorithm to reproduce accurately the tensile damage localization, constitutes a very useful and powerful tool to interpret correctly the behaviour during the test. Finite element analysis was executed to interpret the walls’ response in the linear and nonlinear ranges with models properly calibrated by comparison with the experimental results. As a result, a criterion was determined for the calculation of the tensile strength from the outcomes of the diagonal compression test. A sensitivity analysis was carried out with regard to the most influent material properties of the material, the geometrical dimensions of the panel, and the loading conditions of the testing setup. The findings of this research were finally applied and validated by means of simulations of diagonal compression tests from eight experimental campaigns performed by other authors on different masonry typologies., The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Spanish Government (MCIU), the State Agency of Research (AEI), as well as that of the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the project SEVERUS (Multilevel evaluation of seismic vulnerability and risk mitigation of masonry buildings in resilient historical urban centres, ref. num. RTI2018-099589-B-I00). Support from Secretaria d’Universitats i Investigació de la Generalitat de Catalunya through a predoctoral grant awarded to the first author is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Paolo Casadei, José Luis Sánchez and Patricio Contreras from KERAKOLL for providing part of the materials used in the experimental campaign. The authors would like also to acknowledge Guido Camata for the fruitful discussions, and Larisa Garcia-Ramonda for the collaboration during the execution of the tests., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.4 - Redoblar els esforços per a protegir i salvaguardar el patrimoni cultural i natural del món, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima::13.1 - Enfortir la resiliència i la capacitat d’adaptació als riscos relacionats amb el clima i els desastres naturals a tots els països, Postprint (author's final draft)
- Published
- 2021
8. Experimental and numerical insights on the diagonal compression test for the shear characterisation of masonry
- Author
-
Jorge Segura, Pere Roca, Savvas Saloustros, Luca Pelà, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria de la Construcció, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ATEM - Anàlisi i Tecnologia d'Estructures i Materials
- Subjects
Diagonal ,Clay brick ,Enginyeria civil::Materials i estructures [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Diagonal compression test ,Shear modulus ,Ultimate tensile strength ,General Materials Science ,Masonry ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Mathematics ,Hydraulic lime ,business.industry ,Building and Construction ,Structural engineering ,Compression (physics) ,Masonry--Testing ,Finite element method ,Shear (sheet metal) ,Construcció en maó -- Proves ,Crack localization ,tensile strength ,Crack-tracking ,Material properties ,business ,Macromodelling - Abstract
The masonry tensile strength and shear modulus play a key role in the definition of the shear capacity of masonry structures. These properties are often determined experimentally by means of the diagonal compression test on square walls, which is regulated by the ASTM E519 standard. In spite of its wide use, the interpretation of the test is still controversial and no universal criterion exists on how to derive the masonry mechanical properties from the wall overall strength. Aiming to contribute in the improvement of the test’s reliability and interpretation, this paper presents an investigation on the use of the diagonal compression test to characterize the shear properties of masonry. First, an experimental campaign on brickwork walls is described. The walls were built in laboratory in Flemish bond, a pattern that has been scarcely investigated in the available research studies on this type of test. Second, an advanced numerical model is used for the analysis of walls subjected to the diagonal compression test. The adopted numerical model, enhanced by a crack-tracking algorithm to reproduce accurately the tensile damage localization, constitutes a very useful and powerful tool to interpret correctly the behaviour during the test. Finite element analysis was executed to interpret the walls’ response in the linear and nonlinear ranges with models properly calibrated by comparison with the experimental results. As a result, a criterion was determined for the calculation of the tensile strength from the outcomes of the diagonal compression test. A sensitivity analysis was carried out with regard to the most influent material properties of the material, the geometrical dimensions of the panel, and the loading conditions of the testing setup. The findings of this research were finally applied and validated by means of simulations of diagonal compression tests from eight experimental campaigns performed by other authors on different masonry typologies. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Spanish Government (MCIU), the State Agency of Research (AEI), as well as that of the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the project SEVERUS (Multilevel evaluation of seismic vulnerability and risk mitigation of masonry buildings in resilient historical urban centres, ref. num. RTI2018-099589-B-I00). Support from Secretaria d’Universitats i Investigació de la Generalitat de Catalunya through a predoctoral grant awarded to the first author is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Paolo Casadei, José Luis Sánchez and Patricio Contreras from KERAKOLL for providing part of the materials used in the experimental campaign. The authors would like also to acknowledge Guido Camata for the fruitful discussions, and Larisa Garcia-Ramonda for the collaboration during the execution of the tests. Peer Reviewed Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.4 - Redoblar els esforços per a protegir i salvaguardar el patrimoni cultural i natural del món Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima::13.1 - Enfortir la resiliència i la capacitat d’adaptació als riscos relacionats amb el clima i els desastres naturals a tots els països
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A Knowledge-Based Economy: New Directions of Macromodelling.
- Author
-
Welfe, Władysław
- Subjects
MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC models ,KNOWLEDGE-based theory of the firm ,TECHNOLOGY ,HUMAN capital ,PRODUCTION functions (Economic theory) ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,EDUCATION - Abstract
Development of “new economies” leading to economies mostly based on knowledge implies the construction of new long-term macroeconometric models. They should incorporate the impacts of new technologies being endogenized, as well as human capital. The paper discusses several issues related to the extension of the notion of production function. They cover first of all the measurement and explanation of total factor productivity (TFP), the role of domestic and foreign R&D expenditures, as well as educational expenditures. The discussion is extended to include proposals to construct new submodels explaining the sections of research and education and also the ICT industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A Reactive and Cycle-True IP Emulator for MPSoC Exploration.
- Author
-
Mahadevan, Shankar, Angiolini, Federico, Sparsø, Jens, Benini, Luca, and Madsen, Jan
- Subjects
- *
EMULATION software , *COMPUTER multitasking , *HIGH performance processors , *COMPUTER storage devices , *COMPUTER programming , *MICROPROCESSORS , *COMPUTER operating systems , *COMPUTER input-output equipment , *HEAT budget (Geophysics) - Abstract
The design of MultiProcessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoC) emphasizes intellectual-property (IP)-based communication-centric approaches. Therefore, for the optimization of the MPSoC interconnect, the designer must develop traffic models that realistically capture the application behavior as executing on the IP core. In this paper, we introduce a Reactive IP Emulator (RIPE) that enables an effective emulation of the IP-core behavior in multiple environments, including bit- and cycle-true simulation. The RIPE is built as a multithreaded abstract instruction-set processor, and it can generate reactive traffic patterns. We compare the RIPE models with cycle-true functional simulation of complex application behavior (task-synchronization, multitasking, and input/output operations). Our results demonstrate high-accuracy and significant speedups. Furthermore, via a case study, we show the potential use of the RIPE in a design-space-exploration context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Analysis of Very Fast Transients Using Black Box Macromodels in ATP-EMTP
- Author
-
D. Guo, Jonathan James, M. Albano, Abderrahmane Haddad, and David Clark
- Subjects
Frequency response ,Control and Optimization ,Admittance ,Emtp ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,gas insulated substations (gis) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,electromagnetic transients program (emtp) ,Control theory ,Black box ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Time domain ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:T ,macromodelling ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Finite element method ,very fast transients (vft) ,vector fitting (vf) ,Equivalent circuit ,Transient (oscillation) ,finite element analysis (fea), finite element method (fem) ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Modelling for very fast transients (VFTs) requires good knowledge of the behaviour of gas insulated substation (GIS) components when subjected to high frequencies. Modelling usually takes the form of circuit-based insulation coordination type studies, in an effort to determine the maximum overvoltages and waveshapes present around the system. At very high frequencies, standard transmission line modelling assumptions may not be valid. Therefore, the approach to modelling of these transients must be re-evaluated. In this work, the high frequency finite element analysis (FEA) was used to enhance circuit-based models, allowing direct computation of parameters from geometric and material characteristics. Equivalent models that replicate a finite element model&rsquo, s frequency response for bus-spacer and 90°, elbow components were incorporated in alternative transients program-electromagnetic transients program (ATP-EMTP) using a pole-residue equivalent circuit derived following rational fitting using the well-established and robust method of vector fitting (VF). A large model order is often required to represent this frequency dependent behaviour through admittance matrices, leading to increased computational burden. Moreover, while highly accurate models can be derived, the data extracted from finite element solutions can be non-passive, leading to instability when included in time domain simulations. A simple method of improved stability for FEA derived responses along with a method for identification of a minimum required model order for stability of transient simulations is proposed.
- Published
- 2020
12. Model quality assessment for RC frames with URM infill walls subjected to horizontal cyclic loading
- Author
-
Abrahamczyk, Lars, Al Hanoun, Muhammad Hisham, Penava, Davorin, and Schwarz, Jochen
- Subjects
Model quality ,RC frames ,URM infill walls ,macromodelling - Abstract
Any engineering judgement of the functionality, safety, reliability and robustness of structures requires forecasting models, which in general have (often unknown) limits of their applicability and a somehow uncertain quality concerning their evidence and predicted quantities. In particular, this is true in cases of dynamic action reaching extreme intensity levels to cause non-linear response. The paper focusses on RC frame with unreinforced masonry (URM) infills. Since the turn of the millennium, a number of distinct experimental studies led to a number of numerical macromodels with different complexity able to represent the behavior of the investigated primary and secondary structural systems addressing the in-plane (IP) response of the RC frame with URM infill walls. Concentrated plasticity models like lumped plastic hinges and fiber-based modeling approaches are often used to simulate the behavior of the RC frame elements. Besides, the concept of equivalent diagonal struts is usually utilized to represent the effect of full URM infill walls. The nonlinear cyclic behavior of the numerical model is described by means of a strength envelope curve linked with a distinct hysteresis law. Several welldocumented experimental tests are chosen for the evaluation of the simulation results obtained by utilizing a set of different macromodels. They represent the proposed modeling techniques of RC frame elements and URM infill walls as well as different hysteretic models. By comparing the experimental and numerical results the model quality has been assessed with respect to deformation and stiffness properties as well as application of error measures. A tested four-story RC frame structure with URM infill walls, considering the IP response only, will be used to re-assess the failure mechanism of the structure through the use of the proposed simplified numerical model. Finally, a simple and reliable model can be recommended to be further used.
- Published
- 2019
13. Definition of a fiber macro-model for nonlinear analysis of infilled frames
- Author
-
Giuseppe Mancini, F. Di Trapani, Gabriele Bertagnoli, Diego Gino, Liborio Cavaleri, Marzia Malavisi, Di Trapani F., Cavaleri L., Bertagnoli G., Mancini G., Gino D., and Malavisi M.
- Subjects
Infilled frames ,Computer science ,Correlations ,FEM ,Fiber-section elements ,Macromodelling ,Micromodelling ,Stress-strain ,Computational Mathematics ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,A fibers ,Macro ,business.industry ,Stress–strain curve ,Computational mathematics ,Structural engineering ,Fiber-section element ,Finite element method ,Correlation ,Nonlinear system ,Settore ICAR/09 - Tecnica Delle Costruzioni ,business ,Infilled frame - Abstract
A common way to model infill-frame interaction is the use equivalent strut macromodels. In most cases these are compression only resistant truss elements defined with a multi-linear axial-force / axial-displacement law. The main difficulty in using this approach is to correctly calibrate such a force-displacement curve (slope of ascending and post-peak branches, critical yielding, peak and residual forces) because of the large number of variables (mechanical and elastic properties of materials) and the different possible damage mechanisms activated for the frame-infill system. Another possible way is using fiber-section elements as diagonal struts. In this case the force-displacement law is substituted by a stressstrain curve. In both cases a reliable definition of inelastic response of the strut, based on mechanical approaches, which are valid in general is not easy, as most of models provide rules valid for specific typologies of infills (e.g. weak or strong infills) and frames (e.g. concrete or steel frames). Based on this, the paper proposes the use of fiber-section diagonal struts with a concrete-type stress-strain relationship calibrated using a semi-empirical approach. The Kent-Scott-Park model, depending on four parameters, is used as reference constitutive law for the strut. Experimental data and additional numerical simulations are used to derive semiempirical correlations linking geometrical and mechanical properties of the frame-infill system to the aforementioned parameters governing nonlinear response of the diagonal. Analytical expressions of the best fitting curves are finally provided and suggested as design equation.
- Published
- 2017
14. The three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine nozzle cascade
- Subjects
meridional shape ,nozzle cascade of axial turbine ,turbine ,integral losses ,macromodelling ,інтегральні втрати ,CFD simulations ,меридіональний обвід ,CFD розрахунки ,методика просторової оптимізації ,автореферат дисертації ,621.165 ,решітка осьової турбіни ,турбіни ,methods of three-dimensional optimization ,макромоделювання - Abstract
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.05.16 – турбомашини та турбоустановки. – національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016. Дисертація присвячена розробці методики просторової аеродинамічної оптимізації напрямних решіток осьових турбін шляхом пошуку оптимальних форми профілів та меридіональних обводів міжлопаткових каналів. Використання даної методики дозволяє при постановці оптимізаційної задачі врахувати додаткові резерви підвищення ефективності. При реалізації цієї методики було виконано проектування турбінних профілів з використанням різного роду кривих. Для кожного типу кривої визначені її параметри управління, що дозволяють в широких межах варіювати геометрію профілю. Достовірність отриманих результатів підтверджується проведеною верифікацією на направляючій та робочій решітці. На основі розробленої методики проведено оптимізацію направляючої решітки третього ступеня потужної парової турбіни з постійним по висоті профілем при побудові його різними типами кривих. Аналіз результатів оптимізації показав, що найбільше зниження інтегральних втрат склало 7% у відносних величинах. Подальша оптимізація периферійного меридіонального обводу за допомогою розробленого методу дозволила збільшити цю величину на 1,4%. Використання лопатки перемінного по висоті профілю при постановці оптимізаційної задачі також дозволяє знизити інтегральні втрати. Thesis for degree of Candidate of Sciences in Technique for speciality 05.05.16 – turbomachine and turbo-installation. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to development the methods of the three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine nozzle cascades by defining the optimal shape of profiles and nozzle channel meridional shape. The formulation of an optimization problem using this methods allows to consider the additional efficiency reserves.While implementing developed method design of the turbine profiles using different kinds of curves was carried out. For each of the curve types the control parameters that allow to widely vary the profile geometry were determined. The results reliability was confirmed by providing verification of the nozzle and blade cascade simulations with experimental data. Using developed methods the optimization of the third stage nozzle cascade with a constant height profile of the powerful steam turbine using different types of curves was conducted. As a result of optimization the largest reduction of the integral losses by 7% in relative values was shown. Further optimization of the shroud meridional shape using developed optimization method increased this value by 1.4%. Formulation optimization task Using variable nozzle height profile also reduces the integral loses.
- Published
- 2016
15. Software for modeling of macro control system MicroGrid
- Author
-
Yamnenko, Yuliia Sergiivna, Morhun, Artem Viktorovych, and Komarevych, O. M.
- Subjects
MicroGrid ,software ,macro model ,макромоделирование ,macromodelling ,004.4 ,PLC ,макромодели ,програмне забезпечення ,макромоделювання ,программное обеспечение - Abstract
У статті наведено порівняльний аналіз існуючих програмних продуктів для моделювання систем електроживлення MicroGrid та запропоноване програмне забезпечення для MicroGrid масштабу житлового будинку з системою розподіленої генерації (відновлювальні та альтернативні джерела енергії). Наведено модульну структуру та показано взаємозв’язки між модулями програмного забезпечення. Для кожного з основних модулів наведено опис та функціональне призначення. Окрему увагу приділено модулю представлення структури MicroGrid за допомогою математичного апарату структурних чисел. Показано роль модуля комунікації на основі Power Line Communication (PLC). In this work provides an overview and comparative analysis of existing software for simulation of power systems MicroGrid. Based on comparative analysis determined that for a relatively small scale MicroGrid no adequate software for modeling the power consumption of the system. Thus, the authors have proposed appropriate software and are its modular structure. Showing the relationship between software modules. Identified seven core modules, each of which represents a specific set of functions to perform tasks assigned to the software. The description of each main module, namely its functionality. The authors paid particular attention to the module that provides the process macromodelling. Showing stages of the process and parameters that affect the terms and simulation results, based on which the proposed use advanced algebra of structural numbers. It was also shown a relationship between the module and the module macromodelling interaction with the PLC communication environment. This is necessary because the relationship is realized directly control devices that are in the PLC communication environment. В данной работе приведен обзор и сравнительный анализ существующих программных продуктов для моделирования системы электропитания MicroGrid. На основании сравнительного анализа определено, что для MicroGrid относительно небольшого масштаба отсутствует адекватное программное обеспечение для проведения моделирования мощности потребления компонентов системы. Таким образом, авторами было предложено соответствующее программное обеспечение и приведена его модульная структура. Показаны взаимосвязи между модулями программного обеспечения. Определены семь основных модулей, каждый из которых представляет определенный набор функций для выполнения поставленных перед ПО задач. Приведено описание каждого основного модуля, а именно его функциональное назначение. Авторами было уделено особое внимание на модуль, обеспечивающий процесс макромоделирования. Показаны этапы данного процесса и параметры, от которых зависят условия и результаты моделирования, в основу которого предложено использовать расширенную алгебру структурных чисел. Также была показана взаимосвязь между модулем макромоделирования и модулем взаимодействия с коммуникационной средой PLC. Данныая взаимосвязь необходима, поскольку реализуется непосредственное управление устройствами, находящимися в PLC коммуникационной среде.
- Published
- 2016
16. The three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine nozzle cascade
- Subjects
meridional shape ,nozzle cascade of axial turbine ,турбины ,макромоделирование ,интегральные потери ,turbine ,integral losses ,меридиональный обвод ,macromodelling ,решетка осевой турбины ,CFD simulations ,диссертации ,методика пространственной оптимизации ,621.165 ,CFD расчеты ,methods of three-dimensional optimization - Abstract
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.05.16 – турбомашины и турбоустановки. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016. Диссертация посвящена разработке методики пространственной аэродинамической оптимизации направляющих решеток осевых турбин путем поиска оптимальных формы профилей и меридиональных обводов межлопаточных каналов. Использование данной методики позволяет при решении оптимизационной задачи учесть дополнительные резервы повышения эффективности. Поиск оптимального варианта осуществлялся с использованием теории планирования эксперимента и ЛПτ – последовательности. Для описания полимодальных целевых функций исходная формальная макромодель в виде полного квадратичного полинома была уточнена путем замены суперпозиции параболы на суперпозицию кубического интерполяционного сплайна. На основе разработанной методики проведена оптимизация направляющей решетки третьей степени мощной паровой турбины с постоянным по высоте профилем при построении его различными типами кривых. Анализ результатов оптимизации показал, что наибольшее снижение интегральных потерь составило 7% в относительных величинах. Снижение потерь было достигнуто, как в ядре потока, так и в области вторичных течений. Существенно влиять на структуру течения в турбинных решетках, а следовательно получать дополнительных выигрыш при постановке оптимизационной задачи позволяет меридиональное профилирование поверхностей межлопаточного канала. Оптимизация периферийного меридионального обвода с помощью разработанного метода позволила дополнительно снизить интегральные потери 1,4%. в относительных величинах. Построение формы меридионального обвода осуществляется с использованием кривых Безье 4-го порядка для решеток без раскрытия и 3-го порядка – для решеток с раскрытием. Использование лопатки переменного по высоте профиля при постановке оптимизационной задачи также позволяет снизить интегральные потери. Thesis for degree of Candidate of Sciences in Technique for speciality 05.05.16 – turbomachine and turbo-installation. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to development the methods of the three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine nozzle cascades by defining the optimal shape of profiles and nozzle channel meridional shape. The formulation of an optimization problem using this methods allows to consider the additional efficiency reserves.While implementing developed method design of the turbine profiles using different kinds of curves was carried out. For each of the curve types the control parameters that allow to widely vary the profile geometry were determined. The results reliability was confirmed by providing verification of the nozzle and blade cascade simulations with experimental data. Using developed methods the optimization of the third stage nozzle cascade with a constant height profile of the powerful steam turbine using different types of curves was conducted. As a result of optimization the largest reduction of the integral losses by 7% in relative values was shown. Further optimization of the shroud meridional shape using developed optimization method increased this value by 1.4%. Formulation optimization task Using variable nozzle height profile also reduces the integral loses.
- Published
- 2016
17. Analysis of Very Fast Transients Using Black Box Macromodels in ATP-EMTP.
- Author
-
James, Jonathan, Albano, Maurizio, Clark, David, Guo, Dongsheng, and Haddad, Abderrahmane (Manu)
- Subjects
FINITE element method ,LAPLACIAN matrices ,ELECTRIC transients ,ELECTRIC lines ,OVERVOLTAGE - Abstract
Modelling for very fast transients (VFTs) requires good knowledge of the behaviour of gas insulated substation (GIS) components when subjected to high frequencies. Modelling usually takes the form of circuit-based insulation coordination type studies, in an effort to determine the maximum overvoltages and waveshapes present around the system. At very high frequencies, standard transmission line modelling assumptions may not be valid. Therefore, the approach to modelling of these transients must be re-evaluated. In this work, the high frequency finite element analysis (FEA) was used to enhance circuit-based models, allowing direct computation of parameters from geometric and material characteristics. Equivalent models that replicate a finite element model's frequency response for bus-spacer and 90° elbow components were incorporated in alternative transients program-electromagnetic transients program (ATP-EMTP) using a pole-residue equivalent circuit derived following rational fitting using the well-established and robust method of vector fitting (VF). A large model order is often required to represent this frequency dependent behaviour through admittance matrices, leading to increased computational burden. Moreover, while highly accurate models can be derived, the data extracted from finite element solutions can be non-passive, leading to instability when included in time domain simulations. A simple method of improved stability for FEA derived responses along with a method for identification of a minimum required model order for stability of transient simulations is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The object-oriented complex optimization of flow path of powerful steam turbines
- Subjects
CFD modeling ,об'єктно-орієнтований підхід ,object-oriented approach ,macromodelling ,CFD моделювання ,steam turbine ,loss of energy ,автореферат дисертації ,621.165 ,парова турбіна ,optimal design ,оптимальне проектування ,втрати енергії ,макромоделювання - Abstract
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.05.16 – турбомашини та турбоустановки. – Національний тех-нічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2015. Дисертація присвячена розробці методології об'єктно-орієнтованої комплексної оптимізації проточної частини потужних парових турбін, яка основана на спільному розрахунку термогазодинамічних процесів в елементах проточної частини парової турбіни. У зв'язку з постійним зростанням попиту суспільства на електроенергію стає актуальним проектування нових та модернізація існуючих парових турбін. Для підвищення їх ефективності розроблена методологія об'єктно-орієнтованої комплексної оптимізації проточної частини потужних парових турбін. При реалізації цієї методології було вдосконалено математичну модель термогазодинамічних процесів моделювання спільної роботи системи соплового паророзподілу, вирівнюючої камери та багатоциліндрової проточної частини турбоагрегату, розроблені методики визначення: втрат тиску в камері за регулюючим ступенем з урахуванням режимних і конструктивних параметрів; коефіцієнта втрат і кута виходу потоку робочого тіла з решітки від величини підрізки вихідної кромки, а також оцінено вплив зміни міжвінцевого зазору і схеми подачі робочого тіла до сегментів направляючого апарату на ефективність регулюючого ступеня та включено до єдиного інтегрованого інформаційного простору САПР "Турбоагрегат". За допомогою запропонованої методології виконана оптимізація турбіни К-310-240, її потужність збільшена на 6,18 МВт, а абсолютний ККД циклу – на 0,83%. Thesis for degree of Candidate of Sciences in Technique for speciality 05.05.16 – turbomachine and turbine-installations. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2015. This thesis deals with the development of object-oriented methodology for complex optimization of the flow path of powerful steam turbines based on joint calculations of the thermal and gasdynamic processes in the elements of the steam turbine's flow path. Due to the constant growth of the consumption of the electricity by society, it is necessary to design new one or modernize the existing steam turbines. To improve the efficiency of steam turbines the methodology of object-oriented complex optimization of the flow path of powerful steam turbines is developed. The mathematical model of the thermal and gasdynamic processes for combined calculating of the nozzle steam distribution, equalizing chamber, and multicylinder turbine flow path is improved. In this work the methods for determining pressure losses in the regulating chamber with respect to operational and design parameters are developed. The dependence of loss factor and the blade outflow angle on the size of the original trimmed edge is obtained. It is also assessed the impact of changes of axial gap downstream stator and the fluid supply circuit to the nozzle segments on the stage efficiency. This model is included to the integrated information space CAD "Turboagregat". Developed methodology is implemented while optimization of the K-310–240 turbine. As result, it power increases by 6,179 MW, and the absolute efficiency of the cycle - by 0,83%.
- Published
- 2015
19. The object-oriented complex optimization of flow path of powerful steam turbines
- Subjects
CFD modeling ,макромоделирование ,object-oriented approach ,macromodelling ,steam turbine ,объектно-ориентированный подход ,диссертации ,потери енергии ,loss of energy ,оптимальное проектирование ,621.165 ,паровая турбина ,СFD моделирование ,optimal design - Abstract
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.05.16 – турбомашины и турбоустановки. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2015. Диссертация посвящена разработке методологии объектно-ориентированной комплексной оптимизации проточной части мощных паровых турбин, которая основана на совместном расчете термогазодинамических процессов в элементах проточной части паровой турбины. На основании современной тенденции постоянного роста спроса общества на электроэнергию становится актуальным проектирование новых и модернизация существующих паровых турбин. Разработана методология объектно-ориентированной комплексной оптимизации проточной части мощных паровых турбин. При реализации этой методологии была усовершенствована математическая модель термогазодинамических процессов моделирования совместной работы системы соплового парораспределения, уравнительной камеры и многоцилиндровой проточной части турбоагрегата, разработаны методики определения: потерь давления в камере за регулирующей степенью с учетом режимных и конструктивных параметров; коэффициента потерь и угла выхода потока рабочего тела с решетки от величины подрезки выходной кромки, а также оценено влияние изменения межвенцового зазора и схемы подачи рабочего тела к сегментам направляющего аппарата на эффективность регулирующей ступени и включено в единое интегрированное информационное пространство САПР "Турбоагрегат". С помощью предложенной методологии выполнена оптимизация проточной части турбины К-310-240 с помощью двух подходов. Первый подход – оптимизация турбины с раздельным определением оптимальных геометрических параметров её объектов, а второй подход – комплексная оптимизация всей турбины. Результаты проведенных расчетов, показали эффективность второго подхода при оптимизации проточной части мощной паровой турбины по сравнению с первым. Использование предложенной методологии позволило увеличить мощность турбины К-310-240 на 6,179 МВт, а абсолютный КПД цикла – на 0,83%. Thesis for degree of Candidate of Sciences in Technique for speciality 05.05.16 – turbomachine and turbine-installations. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2015. This thesis deals with the development of object-oriented methodology for complex optimization of the flow path of powerful steam turbines based on joint calculations of the thermal and gasdynamic processes in the elements of the steam turbine's flow path. Due to the constant growth of the consumption of the electricity by society, it is necessary to design new one or modernize the existing steam turbines. To improve the efficiency of steam turbines the methodology of object-oriented complex optimization of the flow path of powerful steam turbines is developed. The mathematical model of the thermal and gasdynamic processes for combined calculating of the nozzle steam distribution, equalizing chamber, and multicylinder turbine flow path is improved. In this work the methods for determining pressure losses in the regulating chamber with respect to operational and design parameters are developed. The dependence of loss factor and the blade outflow angle on the size of the original trimmed edge is obtained. It is also assessed the impact of changes of axial gap downstream stator and the fluid supply circuit to the nozzle segments on the stage efficiency. This model is included to the integrated information space CAD "Turboagregat". Developed methodology is implemented while optimization of the K-310–240 turbine. As result, it power increases by 6,179 MW, and the absolute efficiency of the cycle - by 0,83%.
- Published
- 2015
20. The price-wage inflationary spiral in Poland
- Author
-
Welfe, Aleksander
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Analysis of Equivalent Circuit Sensitivity on Extraction Procedure
- Author
-
Sami Barmada, Rodolfo Araneo, and Antonino Musolino
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,Frequency response ,Radiation ,interconnects ,particle swarm optimization ,Computer science ,equivalent circuit ,macromodelling ,Particle swarm optimization ,finite integration technique ,sensitivity ,wavelets ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Wavelet ,Robustness (computer science) ,Coincident ,equivalent circuits ,Equivalent circuit ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Multi-swarm optimization ,Algorithm ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
The present article proposes an approach to evaluate the “quality” of equivalent circuits of complex devices obtained by a novel technique based on constitutive subcircuits and particle swarm optimization and to “improve” their performances. In particular, the robustness of the obtained circuits is evaluated by a sensitivity analysis, which leads to the identification of the bounds of its frequency response, since different runs of the global extraction procedure lead to slightly different equivalent circuits (yet topologically coincident). The analysis of the numerical results gives insight on the robustness of a single case and, at the same time, attests to the efficiency of the proposed method.
- Published
- 2010
22. Sensitivity of Equivalent Circuits on the Extraction Procedure
- Author
-
Araneo, R., Barmada, Sami, and Musolino, Antonino
- Subjects
EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS ,SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ,MACROMODELLING - Published
- 2009
23. Macromodeling of High-Speed Interconnects with Complex Disontinuities
- Author
-
Araneo, Rodolfo, Celozzi, Salvatore, and Maradei, Francescaromana
- Subjects
INTERCONNECTS ,MACROMODELLING - Published
- 2007
24. Passive equivalent circuits of complex discontinuities: an improved extraction technique
- Author
-
F. Maradei and R. Aranco
- Subjects
Admittance ,Computer science ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Classification of discontinuities ,Impedance parameters ,Equivalent impedance transforms ,Topology ,EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS ,MACROMODELLING ,Circuit extraction ,Computer Science::Emerging Technologies ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Equivalent circuit ,Network synthesis filters ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
The paper deals with the modelization of complex discontinuities by passive lumped equivalent circuits. To this aim, an improved circuit extraction technique is proposed The procedure is based on the approximation of the admittance/impedance parameters of the discontinuities derived by full-wave numerical simulations, in terms of rational functions suitable for the synthesis of high-order equivalent lumped circuits. The proposed extraction technique permits to derive directly feasible equivalent circuits which implicitly satisfy the passivity requirement.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Extraction of broad-band passive lumped equivalent circuits of microwave discontinuities
- Author
-
Rodolfo Araneo
- Subjects
Engineering ,printed circuit board (pcb) ,finite difference time domain (fdtd) ,Integrated circuit ,Classification of discontinuities ,law.invention ,Printed circuit board ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic engineering ,genetic algorithm ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,equivalent circuit ,equivalent circuits ,lumped discontinuity ,macromodelling ,vector fitting (vf) ,Interconnection ,Radiation ,business.industry ,Numerical analysis ,Emphasis (telecommunications) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Equivalent circuit ,business ,Microwave - Abstract
A systematic general-purpose technique for the extraction of equivalent circuits of lumped discontinuities and interconnects from full-wave electromagnetic-field numerical data is presented. The main feature of the method consists of approximating the simulated data in order to generate a passive and feasible circuit in an automatic way. All the aspects of the methodology are addressed. Particular emphasis is laid on the approximation step, about which a new technique is proposed
- Published
- 2006
26. Equivalent Circuit Extraction of Printed Circuit Discontinuity
- Author
-
Araneo, Rodolfo and Celozzi, Salvatore
- Subjects
MACROMODELLING ,PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS - Published
- 2002
27. Efficient Modelling of Discontinuities and Dispersive Media in Printed Transmission Lines
- Author
-
Araneo, Rodolfo, Wang, C., Gu, X., Drewniak, J., and Celozzi, Salvatore
- Subjects
TRANSMISSION LINES ,MACROMODELLING - Published
- 2001
28. Numerical analysis of stone structures
- Author
-
Marović, Pavao, Štambuk, Nataša, Saje, Franc, and Lopatić, Jože
- Subjects
numerical analysis ,stone structures ,micromodelling ,macromodelling - Abstract
We have recently witnessed the destruction of many existing and valuable stone structures in ancient urban cores of European cities due to earthquakes or warlike situations. Assuming that we are interested in safety aspect of existing structures under actual and/or increasing loading conditions, we have become aware of the tasks imposed by present situation, i.e. to preserve such structures which usually have some historic importance. While some small structures will be reconstructed by simple civil engineering and ston/cutting works, other more significantstructures or their details will require complex analyses. This paper presents some aspects of numerical analysis and modelling of stone structures, namely three numerical models based upon finite element techniques which can be used to perform numerical analyses of stone structures. These three models are: (1) standard linear model ; (2) linear model with contact (interface) elements ; (3) non-linear elasto- plastic (orthotropic) model. The applicability of these models will be presented performing analyses of some characteristic details of stone structures.
- Published
- 1997
29. Financial sector reforms in the ASEAN economies in the 1980s : macromodelling of debt and twin deficits
- Author
-
Wan Latifah, W.M. and Wan Latifah, W.M.
- Abstract
This thesis addresses issues of debt and the twin deficits - two serious ‘economic ills’. The central issue in this thesis (Part II) is on macromodelling of the twin deficits in an attempt to identify their determinants. This involves an investigation of the underlying theory and empirical evidence to show the workings of the links between debt and the twin deficits and between the twin deficits themselves. The usual practice in both theory and in empirical work, is to take the accounting identity and one or two other variables that are hypothesised to have effects on the twin deficits and posit causal linkages. We try to avoid this by building on the stylized facts on each of the macroeconomic aggregates and linking them to debt issues in building a full structural model of debt and the twin deficits. We arrive at a system of simultaneous equations, which none of the previous theory or empirical work has derived. We rename the deficit system of simultaneous equations which incorporates a debt identity and an output equation the `new twin deficits' model – signifying a departure from the conventional wisdom discussed in the literature survey. With the macromodel, we address three issues simultaneously, which are: (1) the linkages between twin deficits and increased indebtedness. (2) the details of internal policies that have effects on the twin-deficits and increased indebtedness. (3) the linkages between debt, twin-deficits and output. The first issue involves the broader mechanism that explains the link between the government, the private and the external sector balances, and their links to changes in debt. Previous studies on the twin deficits covers the first part of this issue and gives evidence for the U. S. that the government sector caused the unprecedented level of external deficits in the mid 1980s and early 1990s. In our case, we argue that the change in debt equals the external deficits because according to our findings in Part I debt and deficits seem t
30. Financial sector reforms in the ASEAN economies in the 1980s : macromodelling of debt and twin deficits
- Author
-
Wan Latifah, W.M. and Wan Latifah, W.M.
- Abstract
This thesis addresses issues of debt and the twin deficits - two serious ‘economic ills’. The central issue in this thesis (Part II) is on macromodelling of the twin deficits in an attempt to identify their determinants. This involves an investigation of the underlying theory and empirical evidence to show the workings of the links between debt and the twin deficits and between the twin deficits themselves. The usual practice in both theory and in empirical work, is to take the accounting identity and one or two other variables that are hypothesised to have effects on the twin deficits and posit causal linkages. We try to avoid this by building on the stylized facts on each of the macroeconomic aggregates and linking them to debt issues in building a full structural model of debt and the twin deficits. We arrive at a system of simultaneous equations, which none of the previous theory or empirical work has derived. We rename the deficit system of simultaneous equations which incorporates a debt identity and an output equation the `new twin deficits' model – signifying a departure from the conventional wisdom discussed in the literature survey. With the macromodel, we address three issues simultaneously, which are: (1) the linkages between twin deficits and increased indebtedness. (2) the details of internal policies that have effects on the twin-deficits and increased indebtedness. (3) the linkages between debt, twin-deficits and output. The first issue involves the broader mechanism that explains the link between the government, the private and the external sector balances, and their links to changes in debt. Previous studies on the twin deficits covers the first part of this issue and gives evidence for the U. S. that the government sector caused the unprecedented level of external deficits in the mid 1980s and early 1990s. In our case, we argue that the change in debt equals the external deficits because according to our findings in Part I debt and deficits seem t
31. Study of the seismic vulnerability of complex masonry buildings
- Author
-
maria rosa valluzzi, Cardani, G., Saisi, A., Binda, L., and Modena, C.
- Subjects
macromodelling ,macro-modelling ,masonry typologies ,seismic vulnerability, masonry typologies, complex buildings, macromodelling, limit analysis, kinematics mechanisms ,limit analysis ,seismic vulnerability ,complex buildings ,kinematics mechanisms
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.