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Background: Obstetric fistula develops from obstructed labor and is a devastating condition with significant consequences across several domains of a woman's life. This study presents a narrative review of the evidence on the economic consequences of obstetric fistula. Methods: Three databases were searched, and search results were limited to English language papers published after 2003. Search results were reviewed for relevance based on title and abstract followed by full text review using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bibliographies of papers were also scanned to identify relevant papers for inclusion. Data were extracted under three categories (defined a priori): the economic consequences of having the condition, the economic consequences of seeking care, and the macroeconomic impacts. Results: The search returned 517 unique papers, 49 of which were included after screening. Main findings identified from the studies include women losing their jobs, becoming dependent on others, and losing financial support when relationships are lost. Seeking care was economically costly for families or unaffordable entirely. There were no studies describing the impact of fistula on national economies. Conclusion: Economic consequences of obstetric fistula are multifaceted, pervasive, and are intertwined with the physical and psychosocial consequences of the condition. Understanding these consequences can help tailor existing fistula programs to better address the impacts of the condition. Further research to address the dearth of literature describing the macroeconomic impact of obstetric fistula will be critical to enhance the visibility of this condition on the health agendas of countries. Synopsis: Women experiencing obstetric fistula lose income, become financially dependent on others, and face economic barriers and hardships when seeking care for the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Following the development of a value of vaccination (VoV) framework for health technology assessment/cost-effectiveness analysis (HTA/CEA), and identification of three vaccination benefits for near-term inclusion in HTA/CEA, this final paper provides decision makers with methods and examples to consider benefits of health systems strengthening (HSS), equity, and macroeconomic gains. Expert working groups, targeted literature reviews, and case studies were used. Opportunity cost methods were applied for HSS benefits of rotavirus vaccination. Vaccination, with HSS benefits included, reduced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) by 1.4–50.5% (to GBP 11,552–GBP 23,016) depending on alternative conditions considered. Distributional CEA was applied for health equity benefits of meningococcal vaccination. Nearly 80% of prevented cases were among the three most deprived groups. Vaccination, with equity benefits included, reduced the ICER by 22–56% (to GBP 7014–GBP 12,460), depending on equity parameters. Macroeconomic models may inform HTA deliberative processes (e.g., disease impact on the labour force and the wider economy), or macroeconomic outcomes may be assessed for individuals in CEAs (e.g., impact on non-health consumption, leisure time, and income). These case studies show how to assess broader vaccination benefits in current HTA/CEA, providing decision makers with more accurate and complete VoV assessments. More work is needed to refine inputs and methods, especially for macroeconomic gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the risks associated with investing in Indonesia, as well as the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the country's macroeconomy. It uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analyze the short-term and long-term relationship between macroeconomic variables and FDI inflows. The study utilizes annual time series data spanning from 1984 to 2015. The exchange rate is critical in the short term because it has an inverse effect on foreign direct investment (FDI). On the other hand, factors like inflation, GDP growth risk, and economic and political concerns have a major impact on foreign direct investment (FDI) over a long period of time. Financial factors, however, do not exhibit long-term cointegration with FDI. Prudent international investors prioritize the instability of macroeconomic variables to optimize profits on invested funds, highlighting the necessity of government regulation over these variables to enhance foreign direct investment inflows. This study contributes to the current body of work regarding the influence of country risk on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Indonesia.

This research investigates the interplay between exchange rates, inflation, and interest rates, collectively influencing economic growth in the ASEAN Region. The study constructs a comprehensive analytical framework based on economic theories like purchasing power parity, monetary theories of inflation, and the International Fisher Effect theory of interest. It aims to discern the individual and interactive effects of exchange rate movements, inflation, and interest rate fluctuations on overall economic output. Through empirical analysis covering 2007 to 2022 in Southeast Asia, using a saturated sample, the study employs statistical models and time-series analysis. Classical assumption tests, descriptive statistics, and path analysis unravel the nuanced influence of these macroeconomic factors on GDP variations. Findings indicate that exchange rates have a positive yet statistically insignificant impact on inflation while significantly and positively influencing interest rates. Inflation, in turn, significantly affects interest rates. Exchange rates negatively impact gross domestic product, supporting the idea that a competitive real exchange rate fosters growth in developing regions. Additionally, inflation and interest rates negatively impact economic growth in the ASEAN Region, confirming the research hypotheses. This study provides significant insights into the intricate interactions shaping economic dynamics in Southeast Asia.

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of bank-specific determinants, macroeconomic factors, and governance factors on profitability in Iraq’s banking industry. In addition, bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants were included in the analysis. In terms of governance, the average of corruption control and rule of law was used. Different pre-estimation tests were used to check the properties of the data. The method of moment quantile regression was used as the baseline model. The PCSE and FGLS techniques were used for robustness checks. A sample of balanced panel data consisting of nine commercial banks listed on the Iraq stock exchange from 2012 to 2021 was selected. The results suggested that liquidity and total debt to total shareholders’ equity ratios have a significant positive relationship with ROA. Inflation and openness negatively impact bank profitability only at the 50th and 90th quantiles. Institutional governance appeared to be a positive and significant contributor to bank profitability. The findings suggest that a certain level of liquidity is required for a continuous increase in ROA. Moreover, institutional governance emerged as a noteworthy and positive factor influencing bank profitability.

Understanding the rationale for macroeconomic policy coordination with the aim of achieving greater policy credibility and effectiveness in West Africa still remains the subject of debate.

The Indonesian Central Government has granted local governments greater autonomy and authority in resource management, a process called decentralization. The impact of macroeconomic factors on regional autonomy in Jambi Province following fiscal decentralization explores how decentralization empowers local governments to optimize local income. The Financial Relations Law (UU HKPD) underscores the importance of local taxing Power for local administrations. Methodologically, this study utilizes panel data regression to investigate the influence of macroeconomic variables on regional autonomy. The qualitative analysis method is also employed to formulate policy strategies for enhancing local taxing Power. Results reveal some macroeconomic variables have a significant effect on regional autonomy. These are some recommendations to strengthen regional autonomy in Jambi Province, such as the identification of leading sectors regarding income tax, enhancement of supervision and law enforcement, taxpayer education, improvement of public service quality, the establishment of tax collection task forces, and innovation in tax administration.

The current account balance is a component of the balance of payments, in which a surplus or deficit is a form of a country's external balance or imbalance. Since the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries, especially developing countries, have experienced external imbalances, which is related to a continuous pattern of transactions with the rest of the world. Developing countries in the ASEAN region are often vulnerable to experiencing external imbalances which are reflected in their current account balance, which every year the country continues to fluctuate and tends to decrease until it experiences a current account deficit. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of monetary policy and macroeconomic indicators on the current account situation of developing countries in the ASEAN region during the 15 year period of 2007-2021. The Current Account Balance as the dependent variable and the independent variable uses Interest Rates in explaining monetary policy and macroeconomic variables including Exchange Rate, Inflation, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment, and Trade Openness. This study analyzes long-term and short-term effects using the VECM panel model. The results show that Interest Rates in the short term has no effect, but in the longer term has a significant negative effect. The Exchange Rate in the short term and long term have a significant positive effect. Inflation and GDP have no effect in the short term but have a significant negative effect in the long term. FDI has a significant positive effect in the short term and the long term. And finally, Trade Openness in the short term has a significant positive and in the long term has a significant negative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Houses, land, and property are vital human requirements, with increasing demands year after year. This is mostly due to Indonesia's favorable population growth and economic development, which leads the demand for land and property to be even higher. However, this industry also experienced difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected macroeconomic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to reinvestigate the role of internal and external factors on the capital structure and firm value of property and real estate firms listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period. In this study, the partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for the data analysis, whereas purposive sampling was used for company selection. The results showed that internal factors had a significant effect on capital structure and firm value, whereas external factors did not significantly impact capital structure and firm value. Lastly, capital structure is also proven to have no significant effect on firm value. These findings validate the signaling theory, where internal factors managed by the firm might produce a positive signal in the form of the firm's future prospects so that it can become essential information for stakeholders. This study contributes to helping policymakers with various considerations and sets realistic expectations about the role of internal and external factors on the capital structure and firm values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dividends have become increasingly important for capital market participants to achieve financial goals in the rapidly changing Indian economy. This study aims to simplify the evolving Indian dividend puzzle by analyzing the dividend trends, examining the evolving nature of firm and macroeconomic determinants of dividends, and developing a dividend policy prediction model. Dividend trends of 3,162 non-financial listed Indian firms from 2006–2022 are studied to gain insights about the Indian dividend puzzle. Regularization and logit models are used to explore the nature of impact of important dividend determinants. Data-mining methods are employed to build a robust model for dividend policy prediction. Trend analysis reveals a decline in the quantum of dividends and proportion of dividend-paying firms with approximately 90% of the dividend-payers belonging to the manufacturing and service sector. Further findings suggest that size, age, maturity, profitability, past dividends, earnings, and bank monitoring of firms had a favorable impact on the likelihood of dividend payments. Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth rate, repo rate, percentage change in equity issues, listings, gross fixed assets formation also had a positive impact. The annual percentage change in debt issues and new project announcements at the macro level with investment prospects at firm level negatively impacted dividends. Dividend prediction model based on the random forest technique achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 90.77% and 77.31% under binomial and multi-class situations. These findings are expected to help corporate executives, portfolio managers and investors proactively design optimal dividend policies and formulate their investment strategies.

AbstractThis study examined the effect of public debt on macroeconomic stability among 45 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries for the period 2005–2022 using the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The study disaggregated public debt into domestic and foreign borrowing and determined the effect of each on inflation and economic growth. In agreement with recent studies, we found compelling evidence of negative effect of both domestic and foreign borrowing on economic growth and a positive effect on inflation among SSA countries. The empirical results reveal that a unit increase in domestic borrowing reduces economic growth by 0.06 percent and raises inflation by about 0.14 percent, while the same increase in foreign borrowing reduces economic growth by 0.01 percent and increases inflation by 0.05 percent holding other factors constant. These results imply that increase in public debt causes macroeconomic instability, and that domestic borrowing has a relatively larger impact on macroeconomic variables compared to foreign borrowing. The policy implication of the current study is that SSA countries should avoid excessive borrowing by operating a fiscal deficit within individual country threshold limits to contain growth in public debt. The SSA countries should also ensure borrowed funds are channeled into projects that bring revenue and other investment opportunities to amortize the debt stock.

This study aimed to examine and analyse a company's characteristic variables. Its earnings per share and interest rates were the macroeconomic variables, and their effect on stock prices was mediated by firm value. This study used quantitative methods and path analysis of 30 financial companies belonging to banks and non-banks that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results showed that the direct effect of earnings per share on stock price had a positive and significant coefficient. Indirectly or through mediation (intervening) the firm value variable showed that the effect of the earning per share variable on the stock price was obtained by a positive and significant coefficient value. Furthermore, the results showed that the direct effect of interest rate on stock price had a positive direction coefficient and was not significant. The results of the research indirectly or through mediation (intervening) of firm value variable indicated that the effect of interest rate variable on stock price was obtained by positive and insignificant coefficient value. Meanwhile, the firm value directly on the stock price has a significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze significant variables that permit us to ascertain the profitability of Bangladeshi Shariah-based banks. In doing so, two profitability measurements, namely, return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), have been used as dependent variables, while capital adequacy, asset management quality, operational efficiency, credit risk, liquidity, and the size of the bank have been considered as bank-specific independent variables. In addition, the rate of interest, inflation, and GDP growth rate have also been taken as macroeconomic independent variables. This study examined panel data of eight Shariah-based Islamic banks over a thirteen-year period spanning from 2010 to 2022, applying different kinds of linear regression models, including pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects, and random effects. Subsequently, the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach is also applied to assess the robustness of the findings. The results revealed that the profitability of Bangladeshi Shariah-based Islamic banks is positively associated with asset management quality, liquidity, and credit risk. In contrast, capital adequacy, operational efficiency, and bank size are negatively correlated with the bank's profitability. Concerning the macroeconomic factors, the findings indicated a notable positive correlation between the profitability of Shariah-based banks in Bangladesh and both the inflation rate and the interest rate spread. However, this study has also found that the profitability of the sample banks of Bangladesh is not significantly influenced by GDP growth. By providing fresh empirical data, the current research aimed to close a significant vacuum in the body of knowledge on banks and provide important insights for policymakers, managers, and other stakeholders by focusing on particular bank-specific and macroeconomic aspects that influence the profitability of Shariah-based Islamic banks in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the Exchange Rate spill-over and Macro Economic Determinants in selected South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, India and Pakistan). The study employed 10 years of data from 2011 to 2021 of macroeconomic variables such as TIN- Total Investment, INF – Inflation, IMP – Imports, EXP – Exports, GTE – Government Total Expenditure, GNL – Government Net Lending, ER – Exchange Rate. The result evidenced that selected macroeconomic variables changes doesn’t have any connection in the changes of ER of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The ER changes are highly autocorrelated and act highly independence in the last ten years. Moreover, the depreciation of currency values replicates economic instability and drastically straight fall. Asian countries operating their currency based on a managed floating ER regime. It’s marking a market-determined ER regime of the currency with provision for timely intervention by the central bank. Managed float regime is an international financial environment in which ERs fluctuates from day to day, but central banks attempt to influence their countries’ ERs by buying and selling currencies to maintain a certain range. This study would be useful to the retail investors to speculate and arbitrage and (economic policy) policymakers to monitor, Forecasting and Simulation the ER movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the determinants of profitability in conventional banks. This study uses a quantitative method to analyze the factors influencing bank profitability. This study uses balanced panel data using the fixed-effects model from 18 conventional banks from 2009 to 2021 in Indonesia. The results suggest that COVID-19 has a negative impact on profitability. Nevertheless, bank specifics such as capital and bank size positively influenced profitability, while efficiency significantly negatively influenced profitability. Moreover, this study delves into macroeconomic indicators, revealing their pronounced significance. Economic growth and interest rates emerged as substantial drivers, positively shaping bank profitability. Conversely, the exchange rate exerted a noteworthy negative influence on profitability. Bank stakeholders are expected to improve performance by increasing the bank's capital and assets. A bank should be able to increase its size through its total assets. Monetary policies, such as controlling interest and exchange rates, are found to be an important factor in determining banking profitability.

Following the development of a value of vaccination (VoV) framework for health technology assessment/cost-effectiveness analysis (HTA/CEA), and identification of three vaccination benefits for near-term inclusion in HTA/CEA, this final paper provides decision makers with methods and examples to consider benefits of health systems strengthening (HSS), equity, and macroeconomic gains. Expert working groups, targeted literature reviews, and case studies were used. Opportunity cost methods were applied for HSS benefits of rotavirus vaccination. Vaccination, with HSS benefits included, reduced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) by 1.4–50.5% (to GBP 11,552–GBP 23,016) depending on alternative conditions considered. Distributional CEA was applied for health equity benefits of meningococcal vaccination. Nearly 80% of prevented cases were among the three most deprived groups. Vaccination, with equity benefits included, reduced the ICER by 22–56% (to GBP 7014–GBP 12,460), depending on equity parameters. Macroeconomic models may inform HTA deliberative processes (e.g., disease impact on the labour force and the wider economy), or macroeconomic outcomes may be assessed for individuals in CEAs (e.g., impact on non-health consumption, leisure time, and income). These case studies show how to assess broader vaccination benefits in current HTA/CEA, providing decision makers with more accurate and complete VoV assessments. More work is needed to refine inputs and methods, especially for macroeconomic gains.

Attention and sentiment from investors have been evidenced to significantly impact stock market dynamics, according to various research. For instance, Andrei & Hasler (2013) revealed that there's a positive correlation between investor attention and stock market volatility, suggesting that when investor focus intensifies, market volatility tends to rise correspondingly. On the other hand, Li & Yu (2012) delved into the relationship between psychological benchmarks and the predictability of stock returns, discovering that attention and psychological factors can substantially influence stock prices. Moreover, Baker & Wurgler (2007) examined the connection between investor [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic factors, firm financial position, and firm value in Indonesia's property and real estate sector from 2017 to 2022. The property and real estate sectors significantly influence Indonesia's economic growth. Nevertheless, the real estate sector has encountered significant obstacles in recent years, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to volatility in interest rates, high construction costs, and the sluggish property market. This study aims to address the existing research gap by investigating the relationship between macroeconomic indicators, including GDP growth, inflation rates, and interest rates, as well as financial factors, such as profitability and leverage, on the industry's firm value over a specified timeframe. Using panel data regressions, the study analyzes 162 observations from 27 listed property and real estate companies. The empirical findings demonstrate that property and real estate firms have the potential to enhance their overall performance and increase shareholder value by considering the interconnectedness of economic conditions and the financial position of the firm. Profitability emerges as a significant predictor of firm value, while the selected macroeconomic factors have significant and insignificant effects on the valuation of firms. Meanwhile, since this industry has substantial leverage, this variable does not affect firm value. This study also highlights that the critical component that drives the evaluation of a firm's value is heavily influenced by the specifics of the industry and the regulatory framework in which the business operates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of different facets of corruption on domestic investment (DI) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies. The main purpose of this empirical research to assess the influence of bribes, abuse of public office and nepotism on domestic investment in 14 MENA countries over the period 2005–2022. The results of 2SLS model indicate that corruption could affect negatively on domestic investments through two channels, namely: illegal payments (bribes) and the abuse of public office for private gain. In this case, the regulators and decision makers have to formulate new strategies that aimed particularly to fight these kinds of corruption to increase domestic investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pledges to realize a vast array of new functionalities, such as frictionless consumer payment and money-transfer systems, as well as precise supervision of money circulation, thereby enabling a number of new financial instruments and monetary policy levers. This study proposes, from a system feedback loop and cybernetics perspective, a Dynamic Issuance Mechanism (DIM) for CBDC that can theoretically enhance the vitality of economic operations. In accordance with this mechanism, the central bank implements dynamic issuance by monitoring cash leakage in real-time, so as to maintain the stability of the amount of money circulating on the market, thereby boosting the currency turnover rate and financial vitality. To demonstrate the efficacy of the DIM, we employ the Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) tool to develop a macroeconomic simulation model for qualitative analysis that includes four entities: Central Bank, households, firms, and commercial banks. The multi-cycle operation process of the model includes a variety of economic indicators demonstrating that DIM has the potential to boost economic vitality and social production efficiency without exerting an adverse effect on citizens' incomes, commodity prices, or the stability of the macroeconomic system. Finally, the function principle and potential risks of DIM are explained from a systems perspective, which offers a novel perspective for the functional design of CBDC and highlights that the hierarchical structure is a meaningful domain as the developmental direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pledges to realize a vast array of new functionalities, such as frictionless consumer payment and money-transfer systems, as well as precise supervision of money circulation, thereby enabling a number of new financial instruments and monetary policy levers. This study proposes, from a system feedback loop and cybernetics perspective, a Dynamic Issuance Mechanism (DIM) for CBDC that can theoretically enhance the vitality of economic operations. In accordance with this mechanism, the central bank implements dynamic issuance by monitoring cash leakage in real-time, so as to maintain the stability of the amount of money circulating on the market, thereby boosting the currency turnover rate and financial vitality. To demonstrate the efficacy of the DIM, we employ the Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) tool to develop a macroeconomic simulation model for qualitative analysis that includes four entities: Central Bank, households, firms, and commercial banks. The multi-cycle operation process of the model includes a variety of economic indicators demonstrating that DIM has the potential to boost economic vitality and social production efficiency without exerting an adverse effect on citizens' incomes, commodity prices, or the stability of the macroeconomic system. Finally, the function principle and potential risks of DIM are explained from a systems perspective, which offers a novel perspective for the functional design of CBDC and highlights that the hierarchical structure is a meaningful domain as the developmental direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capital market as one of the important instruments in the economy requires indicators to determine growth in it. The Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) is used as one of the capital market indicators with various influencing factors. This research was conducted to test and analyze the effect of inflation, exchange rate, the Bank Indonesia (BI) rate, and money supply (M2) on the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) in the period from January 2017 to March 2022. In this study, quantitative descriptive research was carried out with JCI as the dependent variable and inflation, exchange rate, BI-rate, and money supply as independent variables. The research used the vector autoregression (VAR) method using the EViews 12 analysis tool. From the tests conducted it showed that between variables only had a one-way relationship, with the R-squared value indicating that the independent variables in the model were able to explain changes in the dependent variable that occurred. The variables in the model are also indicated to have a simultaneous effect on the dependent variable; this is based on a high F-statistic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between commodity price cycles and the US business cycle. Commodity price cycles are known to foster capricious macroeconomic activity, and understanding their behaviour offers valuable economic insight. The US business cycle is a key indicator of the broader economic conditions, reflecting changes in economic activity, consumer spending, and overall market conditions. By examining the dynamics and interplay between these two cycles, this study provides insights into the potential synchronisation, lag, or lead between commodity price cycles and the US business cycle. The study employs a Fourier analysis of commodity price cycles and the US business cycle. In addition, the same empirical method will be used to analyse historical rainfall patterns in the US as a means of furthering the role of historical rainfall patterns in shaping agricultural productivity and subsequent price movements. Results show dominant cycles of 14.2 years throughout the commodity price dataset, 3.8 years within the US business cycle, and 14.2 years in US historical rainfall patterns. The study also identifies several factors that influence the relationship between these two cycles, including global demand, trade policies, and financial market fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research is one of the few studies that examine the association of bank-specific determinants and macroeconomic factors with profitability in the banking industry of a developing country. This paper evaluates how bank-specific factors and macroeconomic determinants affect the profitability of commercial banks in Bangladesh. This study demonstrates that bank-specific factors and macroeconomic determinants are crucial catalysts in ensuring financial institutions' continuity and stable performance. The paper uses return on assets (ROA) as a proxy of bank profitability. The study also employs a group of explanatory variables, such as bank-specific determinants, which include capital adequacy (CAD), bank branches, asset management, deposit (DEP), and assets quality. The paper also considers gross domestic product, inflation rate (IF), exchange rate (EXR), and stock traded as macroeconomic variables. Pooled, fixed, and random effects models and unit root tests are employed on panel data for 24 commercial banks listed in Dhaka stock exchange from 2014 to 2020. The study results indicate that all bank-specific factors except CAD and DEP affect ROA statistically significantly. The paper also shows that among the macroeconomic determinants, IF has a significant and positive effect on ROA, while EXRTE significantly negatively impacts bank profitability. The findings of this paper are limited to the banking industry in Bangladesh, and it will provide valuable insights for future studies. Graphical abstract

Despite marked advancements, life expectancy (LE) growth in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has remained stagnant compared to other developed nations. This study aims to investigate the significant correlation between macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) factors and LE to formulate an explanatory model for Saudi Arabia and the UAE—a previously unexplored area. Utilizing an ecological, retrospective, time-series study design, we delved into secondary data on SD, ME, and HSR factors and LE of the populations of the UAE and Saudi Arabia spanning three decades (1980–2020). We employed partial least squares–structural equation modeling for statistical analysis. Our analysis revealed significant direct impacts of HSR factors on LE for Saudi Arabia (β = 0.958, p < 0.001) and the UAE (β = 0.716, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we discerned a notable indirect influence of ME factors on LE, mediated through SD and HSR factors for Saudi Arabia (β = 0.507, p < 0.001) and the UAE (β = 0.509, p < 0.001), along with a considerable indirect effect of SD factors on LE through HSR (Saudi: β = 0.529, p < 0.001; UAE: β = 0.711, p < 0.001). This study underscores the mediating role of a nexus of ME–SD–HSR factors on LE in Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Consequently, these findings signal an imperative need for holistic policy interventions addressing ME, SD, and HSR factors, aiming to alter health behaviors and improve LE projections for Saudi Arabia and the UAE in the long run.

This research aims to examine the impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on profitability (ROA and ROE) in BPRS in Indonesia and the role of FDR as an intervening variable. This research uses analytical techniques Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The population was obtained from BPRS data recorded by OJK during 2017-2021. The total of sample are 154 BPRS through purposive sampling. The results showed that bank-specific factors through the DER variable did not affect profitability, BOPO negatively affected profitability, and NOM affected profitability. While macroeconomic factors through the GDP-Prov and Unemp variables do not affect profitability. Furthermore, the FDR affects ROA and does not affect ROE. then bank-specific factors through the DER variable have a positive FDR, BOPO negatively affect FDR, and NOM does not affects FDR. Meanwhile, macroeconomic factors through GDP-Prov did not affect FDR and Unemp negatively affected FDR. FDR does not mediate the affect of DER, BOPO, NOM, GDP-Prov and Unemp on profitability. The conclution is in Partially, not all variables affect profitability and there is no mediating role of the FDR variable between bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on profitability.

Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important reflection of the well-being of infants and the overall health of the population. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) effects on IMR, as well as how they may interact with each other. Methods: A retrospective time-series study using yearly data for Oman from 1980 to 2022. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to develop the exploratory model of the determinants of IMR. Results: The model indicates that HSR determinants directly, but negatively, affect IMR (β = −0.617, p < 0.001). SD directly and positively affects IMR (β = 0.447, p < 0.001). ME only indirectly affects IMR (β = −0.854, p < 0.001). ME determinants also exert some direct influences on both HSR (β = 0.722, p < 0.001) and SD (β = −0.916, p < 0.001) determinants. Conclusions: This study has indicated that IMR is a multi-faceted issue. It also highlighted the interplay of numerous variables and their influence on IMR, particularly the role that social status, the health sector, and the wealth of the country and its population play in reducing IMR. These findings indicate that an integrated policy that addresses socioeconomic and health-related factors and the overall ME environment is necessary for the health and well-being of the children and the population overall in Oman.

The Covid -19 pandemic and changes in macroeconomic conditions have had an impact on the performance and sustainability of companies around the world, including in Indonesia. This study analyzes the effects macroeconomic changes and the pandemic have on corporate performance and sustainability, proxied by stock prices. Five macroeconomic variables i.e. inflation, exchange rate, BI interest rate, world oil price, and palm oil price are used as the independent variables, the COVID-19 pandemic as a dummy variable and agribusiness company stock prices as the dependent variable. The data used is secondary data from 2015 to 2020 and analyzed by the ECM (Error Correction Model). The results show that in the short-run, world oil prices and palm oil prices affect upstream agribusiness companies’ share prices, while for the downstream companies, all variables including the COVID-19 pandemic have no effect on share price performance. In the long-run, however, all variables including the COVID-19 pandemic statistically affect upstream companies’ share price performance, while for the downstream companies, all variables but BI interest rate affect share price performance.

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the macroeconomic and firm-specific determinants of financial performance using 121 listed non-life insurance companies from 48 African countries for the period 2008–2019. Panel data of 1452 observations were examined using both ordinary least squares and two-step System Generalised Method of Moments estimators. The findings of this study show that lagged return on assets, equity capital, operational efficiency and leverage, investment capability and gross domestic product are the statistically significant determinants of financial performance in African non-life insurance companies even though equity capital, operational efficiency and leverage are inversely significant. It is concluded that insurance industries, policymakers, government and investors should take into consideration these significant factors in taking decision and improving their performance. Also, it is recommended that the capital structures of the sector should be restructured to maintain a favourable balance in the equity and debt of the companies. Also, mechanisms such as automated systems that can reduce operational cost should be adopted such that financial performance can be enhanced.

This research is one of the few studies that examine the association of bank-specific determinants and macroeconomic factors with profitability in the banking industry of a developing country. This paper evaluates how bank-specific factors and macroeconomic determinants affect the profitability of commercial banks in Bangladesh. This study demonstrates that bank-specific factors and macroeconomic determinants are crucial catalysts in ensuring financial institutions' continuity and stable performance. The paper uses return on assets (ROA) as a proxy of bank profitability. The study also employs a group of explanatory variables, such as bank-specific determinants, which include capital adequacy (CAD), bank branches, asset management, deposit (DEP), and assets quality. The paper also considers gross domestic product, inflation rate (IF), exchange rate (EXR), and stock traded as macroeconomic variables. Pooled, fixed, and random effects models and unit root tests are employed on panel data for 24 commercial banks listed in Dhaka stock exchange from 2014 to 2020. The study results indicate that all bank-specific factors except CAD and DEP affect ROA statistically significantly. The paper also shows that among the macroeconomic determinants, IF has a significant and positive effect on ROA, while EXRTE significantly negatively impacts bank profitability. The findings of this paper are limited to the banking industry in Bangladesh, and it will provide valuable insights for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred has damaged the economy of Indonesia and even the world. This poses a threat to companies in various sectors. Thus, this study aims to examine the role of financial ratios (current ratio, debt to asset ratio, return on assets, total asset turnover, sales growth) and macroeconomic factors (lending rate) in predicting potential bankruptcy conditions in transportation and health companies in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted with the Altman Z-Score of developing countries measured by the panel data regression method. The data used in this study were secondary data obtained from the Thomson-Reuter data stream. The population of this study is companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2021 period with a sample of 69 companies. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the factors of the current ratio, debt-to-asset ratio, and sales growth have a significant effect on the potential bankruptcy of the company. This research is limited by relevant data and time during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) among macroeconomic and bank-specific factors for the Islamic and conventional banking sectors in Bangladesh. We implement a dynamic panel data model with a two-stage system GMM for the period 2010-2021. Among the bank-specific factors, this study finds that return on assets, return on equity, bank size, and inefficiency help to reduce NPLs. In contrast, gross loan growth, leverage, and capital adequacy ratios contribute to increasing NPLs. Among macroeconomic determinants, inflation, and GDP growth have a significant negative impact on NPLs. Moreover, unemployment and exchange rates are also found to be significant determinants of NPLs. At the bank level, growth in gross loans reduces NPLs in Islamic banks, while the opposite is true for conventional banks. Our findings have significant implications for depositors and regulators in making appropriate decisions.

Despite marked advancements, life expectancy (LE) growth in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has remained stagnant compared to other developed nations. This study aims to investigate the significant correlation between macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) factors and LE to formulate an explanatory model for Saudi Arabia and the UAE—a previously unexplored area. Utilizing an ecological, retrospective, time-series study design, we delved into secondary data on SD, ME, and HSR factors and LE of the populations of the UAE and Saudi Arabia spanning three decades (1980–2020). We employed partial least squares–structural equation modeling for statistical analysis. Our analysis revealed significant direct impacts of HSR factors on LE for Saudi Arabia (β = 0.958, p < 0.001) and the UAE (β = 0.716, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we discerned a notable indirect influence of ME factors on LE, mediated through SD and HSR factors for Saudi Arabia (β = 0.507, p < 0.001) and the UAE (β = 0.509, p < 0.001), along with a considerable indirect effect of SD factors on LE through HSR (Saudi: β = 0.529, p < 0.001; UAE: β = 0.711, p < 0.001). This study underscores the mediating role of a nexus of ME–SD–HSR factors on LE in Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Consequently, these findings signal an imperative need for holistic policy interventions addressing ME, SD, and HSR factors, aiming to alter health behaviors and improve LE projections for Saudi Arabia and the UAE in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In early 2018, the corporate non-performing loan ratio began to climb steadily, showing some threats to the financial health of the Egyptian banking system. Therefore, the determinants of corporate and retail credit risks in the banking sector of Egypt during 2013-2020 were studied in the present work to provide better insight into how the macroeconomic and microeconomic determinants affect the level of credit risks. Methodology: the present research utilized the Dickey-Fuller test to assess the stationarity of the panel data and then employed the generalized method of moments (GMM) for data analysis. Findings: it was found that asset size, loans-to-deposits, inflation, gross domestic product (GDP), and lending interest rate were negatively associated with the corporate credit risk, while the capital adequacy ratio, foreign direct investment (FDI), and public debt were positively related. Moreover, the loans-to-deposits ratio was negatively associated with retail credit risk, while the capital adequacy ratio was positively related. Originality/Value: In this context, classifying the credit risk into corporate and retail credit risk was very crucial as it illustrated that the corporate credit risk was more sensitive to the determinants than the retail ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The print media industry is on a declining trend in both the number publications and revenue even though the print medium remains relevant in news dissemination. The Zimbabwe newspaper industry has recently been suffering from financial challenges as indicated by the published financial reports for the period under study, one of the reasons for the decline in revenue being the looming of social media. It is due to this background that the researchers sought to investigate the financial performance of print media in advent of social media. Methodology: A quantitative research methodology was adopted. Data was obtained from The Manica post using questionnaires. Regression of data gathered was analysed using SPSS software. Findings: The study reveal that social media has caused the print media, particularly the newspaper division a huge loss in revenue and advertisement and it indicated that there is a negative relationship between financial performance and social media. However other macroeconomic variables like politics and legislation should be taken into consideration. Originality value: The print media sector should adopt new technologies and establish plans to increase its online audience's clientele base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using both integrated and two‐stage dynamic partial adjustment capital structure models, we find evidence that macroeconomic conditions affect Chinese firms' capital structure adjustment speeds towards target leverage. Chinese firms revert towards target leverages faster in high economic growth states than in low economic growth states as measured by bond and stock market capitalization relative to GDP, banking sector development, real interest rate and risk premiums. Overall, firms that are financially unconstrained, of large size, and those with small deviation of actual leverage from target leverage rebalance faster towards the target leverage than the counterparts. The same findings occur during high economic growth states, while variations in adjustment speeds exist among firms with different financial constraints and distance to target leverage during low economic growth states. The firms' leverage adjustment speed depends on the adjustment cost associated with added debt or debt replaced with internal funds or equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]