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Fouling of heat exchangers is a major problem in the dairy industry. Deposits indeed produce a thermally insulating layer over the surface of the heat exchanger that decreases the heat transfer toward fluids and increases the pressure drop. Additionally , fouling can seriously affect the quality of food product s by favoring the development of harmful bacteria, and thus increase the costs and environmental impacts because thorough cleaning procedures have to be used. In this context, fouling control solut ions are thus required. The present work thus aimed at testin g graphite -based materials to heat exchangers for the dairy ind ustry. The fouling behavior was analyzed for four commercial graphite plates, submitted to pasteurization conditions in a pilot pasteurizer.

Background: Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species of global medical concern as its distribution has recently expanded to Africa, the Americas and Europe. In the absence of prophylaxis protecting human populations from emerging arboviruses transmitted by this mosquito species, the most straightforward control measures rely on the suppression or manipulation of vector natural populations. A number of environmental-friendly methods using mass releases of sterilizing males are currently under development. However, these strategies are still lacking an efficient sexing method required for production of males at an industrial scale.[br/] Results: We present the first Genetic Sexing Strain (GSS) in Ae. albopictus, hereafter referred as Tikok, obtained by sex linkage of the rdl gene conferring dieldrin resistance. Hatch rate, larval survival and sex ratio were followed during twelve generations. The use of dieldrin at the third larval stage allowed selecting 98 % of males on average.[br/] Conclusion: A good production rate of Tikok males makes this GSS suitable for any control method based on mass production of Ae. albopictus males. Despite limitations resulting from reduced egg hatch as well as the nature of the used insecticide, the construction of this GSS paves the way for industrial sex separation of Ae. albopictus.

Les erreurs médicamenteuses associées aux anticancéreux injectables peuvent avoir des conséquences graves sur les patients que ce soit en termes d’effets indésirables ou d’échec thérapeutique. Plusieurs études ont décrit les erreurs de préparation associées aux chimiothérapies et on retrouve généralement un taux d’erreur qui va jusqu’à 4 %. Le contrôle de la préparation des cytotoxiques injectables que ce soit en cours de processus ou sur le produit fini s’impose de plus en plus comme un outil de sécurisation incontournable. L’objectif de ce travail était donc de présenter les différentes solutions existantes pour le contrôle de la préparation des chimiothérapies avec leurs avantages et inconvénients et les raisons qui ont engendré le choix de la solution vidéo-informatique Drugcam® au CHU de Grenoble. La présentation de l’unité de reconstitution centralisée des cytotoxiques et de son fonctionnement associée à la présentation de Drugcam® a ensuite permis de conclure à la faisabilité de la mise en place de cette solution. Enfin, tout équipement devant être validé avant utilisation, ce travail propose un protocole d’évaluation complet de la solution vidéo-informatique Drugcam®. Les perspectives d’un tel projet sont de cerner les impacts de cette nouvelle technologie sur la sécurisation du processus de préparation mais aussi sur d’autres critères comme l’impact sur le délai de mise à disposition des préparations aux services.

International audience; The use of tanniferous plants or tannins represents one alternative approach to the control of gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants but most data have been obtained in sheep. The current study was therefore performed in goats with two objectives: firstly, to investigate the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on adult populations of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta; secondly, to examine their effects on the establishment of infective larvae of these two species. In experiment 1, two groups of kids were infected with 6 000 L3 of T. colubriformis and 6 000 L3 of T. circumcincta. After 7 weeks, quebracho extracts were administered per os for 8 days to one group. A comparable group which did not receive tannins was included as the control. The kids were slaughtered on week 11. Parasitological and pathophysiological parameters were measured weekly. Worm counts were assessed and mast cells, globule leukocytes and eosinophils were counted in the abomasal and intestinal mucosae. Tannin administration was associated with a decrease in egg excretion, and a decrease in female fecundity, but with no changes in worm numbers. These changes were associated with an increased number of intestinal mast cells. In experiment 2, 24 goats were used according to a 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design, depending on infection and tannin administration. Two groups were either infected with 6 000 L3 of T. colubriformis or T. circumcincta. Within each group, the goats were either drenched or undrenched with tannin extracts. Pathophysiological parameters were measured weekly. Twelve days after the cessation of tannin administration, the goats were slaughtered. Worm counts and female worm fecundity were determined. Tannin consumption was associated with a significant reduction ($P < 0.01$) of Trichostrongylus populations and a close to significant reduction for Teladorsagia. No effect on fecundity was observed. Our results (1) confirm the consequences of condensed tannins on nematodes in goats as in sheep and (2) indicate divergent effects depending on the parasitic stage exposed to the condensed tannins.