Search

To examine the relationship between physical activity and p-tau and Aβ in observational and experimental studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Sciences, and SCOPUS databases from inception to July 20, 2023, with no language or time restriction. We included observational and experimental studies that evaluated the association of physical activity with Aβ burden tau accumulation in adults. We calculated the standard mean difference (SMD) of the mean difference between active and inactive participants for observational studies and between changes in intervention and control groups in experimental studies. We included seven observational and five experimental studies in the systematic review, totaling 2039 adults. The association of physical activity with Aβ burden and P-tau accumulation was investigated mostly in cognitively healthy individuals (50%) and adults with mild cognitive impairment (16.7%) or AD (25%). In observational studies, physical activity was associated with lower Aβ burden (SMD: –0.31; 95% CI: –0.52, –0.09; I2: 98.2%), P-tau accumulation (SMD: –0.33; –0.61, –0.06; I2: 98.1%), and higher soluble Aβ42 (SMD: –1.66; –1.94, –1.37; I2: 96.3%). We did not observe a significant effect of exercise interventions on Aβ burden in older adults. Our study provides evidence that physical activity is associated with improved Aβ burden and P-tau accumulation in older adults. We encourage additional experimental studies with larger sample sizes to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study represents the inaugural attempt to systematically review and analyse the efficacy of bright light therapy on depression among women experiencing major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms during the perinatal period, encompassing its efficacy on depression scores, remission rates, and response rates. Methods: We searched 10 databases for randomized controlled trials examining bright light therapy's efficacy on perinatal depression up to January 2024. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 investigators. The Cochrane Handbook guidelines appraised the study quality, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach assessed evidence certainty. Results: We incorporated 6 studies, encompassing 151 participants. When contrasted with dim light therapy, bright light therapy did not significantly alter depression scores (standard mean difference = −0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.62 to 0.04, P = 0.08, I ² = 34%) or response rates (risk ratio [RR] = 1.56, 95% CI, 0.98 to 2.49, P = 0.06, I ² = 0%) in women experiencing perinatal depression. Conversely, bright light therapy was associated with a substantial increase in remission rates (RR = 2.63, 95% CI, 1.29 to 5.38, P = 0.008, I ² = 2%). Conclusion: Bright light therapy did not show efficacy in treating perinatal depression in terms of depression scores and response rates. However, regarding the remission rate, bright light did show efficacy compared to control conditions. Due to the limited sample size in the included studies, type II err or may occur. To obtain more conclusive evidence, future studies must employ larger sample sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analyses are a central part of systematic reviews. The term meta-analysis describes the statistical methods to summarize the results of the available scientific studies providing the highest possible evidence. In medicine, meta-analyses aim to guide clinical decisions. This article provides an overview of the necessary work steps. The classical meta-analysis summarizes the results of randomized controlled trials that compare an intervention against a control intervention. This is illustrated by means of an example from a Cochrane Review on videolaryngoscopy in comparison to direct laryngoscopy. Crucial methodological aspects such as the weighting of individual studies when pooling their results as well as the evaluation of study heterogeneity and potential publication bias are explained. The second part of the article focusses on two extensions of meta-analyses: the individual patient data meta-analysis and the network meta-analysis. The individual patient data meta-analysis makes use of the information that is available from the patient-level data of the included studies. As an example, the work accomplished by an international collaboration on the efficacy of acupuncture in chronic pain is presented. A network meta-analysis enables the comparison of more than two interventions by making use not only of the available direct but also of the respective indirect evidence. This is illustrated by means of a Cochrane Review on drugs for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have confirmed that irisin is released during and after exercise, a subset of physical activity. However, the association between incidental physical activity, including walking up the stairs or to the bus stop, and irisin levels in adults remains unclear. We investigated the association between incidental physical activity and circulating irisin levels in adults. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to March 1, 2023. Studies investigating the association between physical activity (but not exercise) and irisin levels in adults were included. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that could modify the association between physical activity and irisin. The primary outcome was the standardized mean difference (SMD) in circulating irisin levels between the least and most active groups. Twenty articles were included in this systematic review, totaling 6881 adults. Adults engaging in physical activity showed a higher circulating irisin concentration than inactive counterparts (SMD: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.49, 1.63; I2 = 99.1%). Meta-regression revealed that the SMD between active and inactive adults was lower in women than men. Sporadic physical activity is positively associated with circulating irisin levels in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure. Search multiple databases to find randomized controlled trials of vitamin D for chronic heart failure from the self-built database until September 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and Stata15.0 software. Eighteen articles were included. Vitamin D supplementation has improved left ventricular ejection fraction [WMD = 3.18%, 95%CI (1.07, 5.3), P < 0.05] and 6-minute walking distance [MD = −11.54, 95%CI (−22,215, −0.871), P < 0.05], has decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [MD = −1.67, 95%CI (−2.88, −0.46), P < 0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic volume [MD = −11.94, 95%CI (−20.59, −3.29), P < 0.05], N-terminal forebrain natriuretic peptide [WMD = −0.7, 95%CI (0.24, 1.16), P < 0.05]. Vitamin D supplementation can improve cardiac function, inhibit ventricular remodeling, and increase exercise endurance inpatients with chronic heart failure. 202440032. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major marker of aging, and alterations in the structure or content of cardiolipin (CL), a phospholipid unique to mitochondria, are thought to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased physical performance. Exercise induces upregulation of CL levels and improves physical fitness, however, current studies reported in the literature addressing the effects of exercise interventions on cardiolipin biosynthesis are inconsistent, and the improved outcomes of different intervention protocols and cycles are controversial. Therefore, a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis were performed in this study to evaluate the effect of exercise training on CL biosynthesis. A literature search based on electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORT Discus, and EBSCO host) was performed and the final literature was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool and meta-analysis was performed, and Stata 17.0 software was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 1037 articles were screened, of which 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the fixed-effects meta-analysis showed that exercise significantly promoted CL biosynthesis compared to pre-intervention (SMD:0.62, 95%CI: 0.30–0.94). In subgroup analysis, the duration of exercise < 16 weeks (SMD: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.09–1.25) and ≥ 16 weeks (SMD: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.21–0.98), single exercise intervention (SMD: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.30–1.08) and combined exercise and calorie restriction intervention (SMD: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.16–1.33) all had significant promoting effects on CL biosynthesis. The findings of this study indicate that exercise training can significantly increases human skeletal muscle CL levels regardless of the duration of exercise or the type of exercise intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Neuropathic pain is an occasionally reported complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that has received increased attention in scientific literature. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide information on the frequency of neuropathic pain associated with Covid-19. Databases and Data Treatment: We systematically reviewed and analysed literature regarding neuropathic pain associated with Covid-19. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. We considered prospective and retrospective studies published up until September 2022 (limitations included English language, full-text publications and studies including at least 10 patients). A random effects meta-analysis was performed and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Results: We identified 149 studies. We included 17 studies in the systematic review, and six studies reporting the frequency of neuropathic pain in the acute/subacute phase of Covid-19 in the meta-analysis. The estimated frequency of neuropathic pain ranged between 0.4 and 25%. Forest plot analysis showed that the random effect overall frequency was 10% (95% confidence interval: 5%–15%), with a high level of heterogeneity (Chi2 = 104; Tau2 = 0.004; df = 5; I2 = 95%; test for overall effect: Z = 3.584; p < 0.0005). The overall risk of bias was moderate in all studies selected, particularly due to the poor description of neuropathic pain diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The pooled estimated frequency of neuropathic pain associated with Covid-19 should be considered with caution due to the high heterogeneity across studies and the poor description of the neuropathic pain diagnostic criteria applied. Significance : Emerging evidence supports the development of neuropathic pain as a complication of Covid-19. However, longitudinal studies enrolling consecutive patients with Covid-19 that detail the diagnostic criteria for neuropathic pain are needed to better assess the frequency of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on factors influencing information credibility judgment is increasing, whereas their findings are mixed. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 85 empirical studies, synthesizing the effects of 12 frequently examined source, content, channel, and receiver factors on information credibility perception. Results reveal that message quality, source credibility, and message fluency have large correlations with credibility perception, while other factors show small-to-medium correlations. Personal topic knowledge does not have a significant relationship with credibility perception. Gender composition, information channel, topic, and research method significantly moderate the aggregated relationships. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improved physical fitness is important for preventing COVID-19-related mortality. So, combined training can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and the healthrelated characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the elderly remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of combined training on older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until April 2021) for randomized trials comparing the effect of combined training on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. Combined training significantly improved peak oxygen consumption compared to no exercise (WMD = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.83 to 3.37). Combined resistance and aerobic training induced favorable changes in physical fitness (timed up-and-go = −1.06, 30-s chair stand = 3.85, sit and reach = 4.43, 6-minute walking test = 39.22, arm curl = 4.60, grip strength = 3.65, 10-m walk = −0.47, maximum walking speed = 0.15, one-leg balance = 2.71), body composition (fat mass = −2.91, body fat% = −2.31, body mass index = −0.87, waist circumference = −2.91), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure = −8.11, diastolic blood pressure = −4.55), and cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose = −0.53, HOMA-IR = −0.14, high-density lipoprotein = 2.32, total cholesterol = −5.32) in older individuals. Finally, the optimal exercise prescription was ≥ 30 min/session × 50–80% VO2peak, ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 12 weeks and resistance intensity 70–75% one-repetition maximum, 8–12 repetitions × 3 sets. Combined training improved VO2peak and some cardiometabolic risk factors in older populations. The dose–effect relationship varied between different parameters. Exercise prescriptions must be formulated considering individual needs during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the intermittent fasting dietary strategies, Time Restricted Feeding (TRF) has received attention in recent years. However, the relationship between TRF and physical activity is unclear. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the effects of TRF dietary strategies on body weight and other anthropometric parameters in physically active individuals. The English literature in the PubMed database were searched and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, 6 studies were included for meta-analysis. All studies were 16/8 TRF protocol, and the duration was 4–10 weeks. The study found that after the intervention, compared with the control group (normal diet), the participants had a significant decrease in body mass (MD: –3.08; 95% CI: –5.29 to –0.86; P = 0.006; I 2: 0%) and fat mass (MD: –1.79; 95% CI: –2.61 to –0.97; P < 0.0001; I 2: 0%), and there was no difference in fat-free mass (MD: –1.04; 95% CI: –3.24 to 1.17; P = 0.36; I 2: 0%). TRF intervention also resulted in decreased testosterone levels in participants, but the effect on cortisol and IGF-1 is not clear. TRF combined with exercise may lead to healthier weight loss, but more experiments are needed to prove whether long-term fasting strategy is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review and meta-analysis examine the effects of aerobic exercise training on central arterial stiffness in obese individuals. Original articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Coachrane from January 2005 to December 2021. Fixed-effects modeling was used to compare changes between pre- and post-interventions and control group. Comparisons between pre- and post-interventions (n = 13 studies) reveals a significant decrease in central PWV [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.263; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.101 to 0.426, p = 0.001]. However, comparisons between control and exercised individuals (n = 4 studies) show no significant differences in central PWV [SMD: 0.241 (CI 95%, −0.116 to 0.599), p = 0.186]. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training reduces central arterial stiffness in obese adults. These results are of clinical relevance since it might be associated with reduced cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis summarizes experiments that have assessed quadriceps pain intensity (PI) during cycling in healthy individuals. Secondly, it tested the impact of eleven plausible moderators of that pain: data source, pain measure, participant sex and fitness, study purpose and comparison condition, analgesic intervention, and exercise task, duration, number of bouts, and intensity. Articles published before September 15, 2022 were found by searching PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo, SportDiscus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were (i) a randomized between-subjects design or a within-subjects crossover design, (ii) healthy participants without preexisting pain conditions, (iii) leg cycling on a stationary ergometer, and (iv) quadriceps PI measured during cycling. Study quality was assessed, Hedge's d effect sizes were computed, and a mixed effects model was used to generate a mean effect size (Δ). Moderators were chosen a priori to account for heterogeneity. A total of 95 effects were derived from 35 studies. A mixed effects model indicated the mean effect size (Δ) was 0.671 (95% CI = 0.442 to 0.899, z = 5.754, P < 0.001). Total heterogeneity was high in this model (τ2 = 0.942, I2 = 80.90%, H2 = 5.24). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'artérite à cellules géantes est une vascularite granulomateuse systémique hétérogène qui touche l'aorte et ses principales collatérales. Bien que l'atteinte des gros vaisseaux soit de plus en plus connue, les études qui décrivent l'incidence, les caractéristiques et les complications de l'artérite à cellules géantes touchant les gros vaisseaux ont des résultats contradictoires en raison d'incohérences dans les définitions de la maladie, de différences méthodologiques et de l'étendue du spectre des présentations cliniques. L'objectif de cette revue systématique de la littérature était de mieux définir l'artérite à cellules géantes avec atteinte des gros vaisseaux à partir des publications disponibles et d'identifier des caractéristiques distinctives pouvant permettre de différencier les patients atteints de cette forme d'artérite de ceux dont la maladie est limitée aux vaisseaux crâniens. Les études publiées indexées dans Medline et Embase entre la création de la base de données et le 7 mai 2021 ont été recherchées. Ont été incluses celles qui présentaient des données longitudinales ou transversales sur au moins 25 patients atteints d'artérite à cellules géantes avec atteinte des gros vaisseaux. Les groupes témoins ont été utilisés lorsqu'il existait des données sur les patients atteints d'artérite à cellules géantes limitées aux vaisseaux crâniens. Une synthèse quantitative des données a été effectuée par méta-régression avec un modèle à effets aléatoires, à l'aide du logiciel Stata. La recherche a identifié 3488 études, dont 46 ont été incluses. Les critères de diagnostic de l'artérite à cellules géantes avec atteinte des gros vaisseaux différaient entre les articles mais reposaient généralement sur l'imagerie ou l'histopathologie. Les patients présentant une atteinte des gros vaisseaux étaient globalement plus jeunes au moment du diagnostic que ceux dont la maladie était limitée aux vaisseaux crâniens (différence d'âge moyenne –4,53 ans), le délai avant leur diagnostic était plus long (différence moyenne 3,03 mois) et leurs taux de positivité de la biopsie de l'artère temporale étaient plus faibles (OR 0,52 [IC 95 % 0,3 à 0,91]). Les patients atteints d'artérite à cellules géantes avec atteinte des gros vaisseaux présentant des manifestations crâniennes étaient moins nombreux et seuls 53 % remplissaient les critères de classification de 1990 de l'ACR pour l'artérite à cellules géantes. La vascularite était détectée le plus souvent dans l'aorte thoracique, puis dans les artères sous-clavières, le tronc brachiocéphalique et les artères axillaires. La dose cumulée moyenne de prednisolone à 12 mois était de 6056,5 mg chez les patients présentant une atteinte des gros vaisseaux, les taux de récidive étaient similaires entre les deux formes et 12 % des décès de patients atteints d'artérite à cellules géantes avec atteinte des gros vaisseaux ont pu être directement attribués à une complication touchant les gros vaisseaux. Les caractéristiques de la maladie diffèrent entre les formes d'artérite à cellules géantes touchant les gros vaisseaux et uniquement les vaisseaux crâniens, ce qui a des implications sur le diagnostic, les stratégies de traitement et la surveillance des séquelles à long terme. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a heterogenous systemic granulomatous vasculitis involving the aorta and any of its major tributaries. Despite increased awareness of large vessel (LV) involvement, studies reporting incidence, clinical characteristics and complications of large-vessel GCA (LV-GCA) show conflicting results due to inconsistent disease definitions, differences in study methodologies and the broad spectrum of clinical presentations. The aim of this systematic literature review was to better define LV-GCA based on the available literature and identify distinguishing characteristics that may differentiate LV-GCA patients from those with limited cranial disease. Published studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from database inception to 7 May 2021. Studies were included if they presented cohort or cross-sectional data on a minimum of 25 patients with LV-GCA. Control groups were included if data was available on patients with limited cranial GCA (C-GCA). Data was quantitatively synthesised with application of a random effects meta-regression model, using Stata. The search yielded 3488 studies, of which 46 were included. Diagnostic criteria for LV-GCA differed between papers, but were typically dependent on imaging or histopathology. Patients with LV-GCA were generally younger at diagnosis compared to C-GCA patients (mean age difference –4.53 years), had longer delay to diagnosis (mean difference 3.03 months) and lower rates of positive temporal artery biopsy (OR : 0.52 [95% CI : 0.3, 0.91]). Fewer LV-GCA patients presented with cranial manifestations and only 53% met the 1990 ACR Classification Criteria for GCA. Vasculitis was detected most commonly in the thoracic aorta, followed by the subclavian, brachiocephalic trunk and axillary arteries. The mean cumulative prednisolone dose at 12-months was 6056.5 mg for LV-GCA patients, relapse rates were similar between LV- and C-GCA patients, and 12% of deaths in LV-GCA patients could be directly attributed to an LV complication. Patients with LV-GCA have distinct disease features when compared to C-GCA, and this has implications on diagnosis, treatment strategies and surveillance of long-term sequalae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biologie Aujourd'hui is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The neoadjuvant radiotherapy is now standard treatment in soft tissue sarcoma. Using ultra-hypofractionation radiotherapy shorten the treatment time. In the era of COVID pandemic, using less fraction to treat patient is an urgent need. Thus, we aim to use meta-analysis to investigate the clinical efficacy of preoperative stereotactic body radiotherapy. PRISMA guideline was used in this study. PubMed, Cochrane and Embase were used. We include only prospective study. The main endpoint was set as wound complication rate. Other endpoints include R0 resection rate, overall survival, local control, and distant metastasis free survival. Seven studies were included. The pooled wound complication rate is 0.30 (95% CI = 0.26–0.35). The pooled R0 resection rate is 0.87(95%CI: 0.74–0.94). The pooled 2-year overall survival is 0.86 (95%CI: 0.72–0.94). The pooled 2-year local control rate is 0.96(95%CI: 0.89–0.99). The pooled 2-year distant metastasis free survival is 0.60 (95%CI = 0.50–0.70). Neoadjuvant ultra-hypofractionation radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma is a feasible and well tolerable treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abnormalities in climate in recent years have been attributed to climate change. In particular, an increase in the frequency of droughts has started to influence the way we live. There is an urgent need to study and monitor droughts to prevent severe damage. Drought monitoring research is conducted using the meteorological drought index, a compilation of weather data. Although weather data are highly dependent on climatic zones, existing studies have not considered the drought index by climatic zones. This study aims to identify the spatial and climatic distribution of meteorological drought index studies and provide a well-matched combination of the drought index and climatic classification through a meta-analytic review. Data were used in the form of research papers covering the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) published from 2011 to 2021. The trends showed that SPEI has become a leading index for the study of drought monitoring among the three drought indices since 2015. Additionally, Asia was the focus of much of this drought research due to climate events in China. Each continent and climate classification was assigned to a different dominant drought index. For example, PDSI was commonly used in North America and continental climates, SPI in Africa, Europe, South America, and tropical and dry climates, and SPEI in Asia and temperate climates. This evaluates countries, in which drought monitoring studies are rare, using a meteorological index based on the same climatic zones. Monitoring and predicting drought patterns would improve the basic needs of humankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production effect refers to the finding that words read aloud are better remembered than those read silently. This pattern has most often been explained as arising from the incorporation of sensorimotor elements into the item representation at study, which could then be used to guide performance at later test. This theoretical framework views aloud items as being distinctive in relation to silent items, and thus the effect was thought to emerge only when production was manipulated within-subjects. This claim was later challenged, and a reliable (albeit smaller) between-subject production effect has since been shown in recognition memory. Across a series of meta-analyses, we extend this earlier work, replicating the between-subject production effect for recognition, and demonstrating no such effect for overall target recall. However, supporting recent theoretical claims, we further observed an interaction between the production effect and serial position within recall, such that a production effect was observed for late time points but not early time points (a similar, albeit smaller and noncredible trend was observed for recognition). Finally, we provide evidence that production reduces off-list intrusions. In summary, production has a reliable impact on recognition memory when manipulated between-subjects, but a more complex relationship with recall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research project aiming to measure, describe, and monitor sex offender recidivism (SOR) rates across two waves of sex offender laws is briefly described and contextualized. A methodology was designed to examine the evolution of sexual recidivism rates since the 1940s. The findings of the study showed that, in Canada, sexual recidivism rates have dropped almost 70%. This historic recidivism drop appeared to have started during the 1970s, several decades before the enactment of the national non-public sex offender registration law. While the factors responsible for the sexual recidivism drop remain unclear, it is hypothesized that improved training, evidence-based practices, and university-corrections collaborations might have played a key role. The study points toward the importance of examining period effects on risk, risk management, and sexual offending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Physiotherapy Canada is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Importance: Knowing the scale of rare inborn errors is important for screening and resource allocation. Evidence on the prevalence of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) among newborns and the clinical-suspected population from large-scale screening programs needs to be systematically synthesized. Objective: To estimate the worldwide prevalence of MMA for newborns and the clinical-suspected population and explore the differences in different regions, periods, and diagnostic technologies. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, CRD, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and PROSPERO. Study Selection: All studies reporting the epidemiology characteristics of MMA were selected. Data extraction and synthesis Characteristics of study, subjects, and epidemiology were extracted, random-effect models were used for meta-analyses. Main outcome and measure Pooled prevalence of MMA. Results This study included 111 studies. The pooled prevalence of MMA worldwide was 1.14 per 100,000 newborns (1516/190,229,777 newborns, 95% CI: 0.99–1.29) and 652.11 per 100,000 clinical-suspected patients (1360/4,805,665 clinical-suspected individuals, CI: 544.14–760.07). Asia and Africa got a higher pooled prevalence of MMA. The prevalence of MMA in newborns increased through the years, while that in the clinical-suspected population decreased. Collecting blood ≥ 72 h after birth had a higher pooled prevalence of MMA than collecting during 24 h–72 h after birth. The combining-use of MS/MS and GC/MS had a higher pooled prevalence than the single-use of MS/MS or GC/MS. Prevalence of cbl C, mut, cbl B, cbl A, isolated MMA, combined MMA and homocystinuria, vitamin B12-responsive MMA was synthesized. Conclusions and relevance Prevalence of MMA among newborns was extremely low, but considerably high in the clinical-suspected population, indicating the need for more efficient newborn screening strategies and closer monitoring of the high-risk population for the early signs of MMA. Asia and Africa should attach importance to the high prevalence of MMA. Further diagnostic tests were recommended for the combining-use vs single-use of MS/MS and GC/MS and for collecting blood after 72 h vs during 24–72 h after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardiovascular illnesses are well-known to be among the leading causes of death worldwide. HDL, LDL, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG), which make up the blood lipid profile are all indications of cardiovascular disease. Although exercise is known to improve these biomarkers, it is not clear which type of exercise is more effective in improving the blood lipid profile. The present study aimed to examine which type of exercise is best for improving blood lipid profiles. Using the meta-analysis technique, data from the Google Scholar database, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were extracted until November 2021. Mean differences (MDs) were pooled using random or fixed-effects models according to the degree of heterogeneity of the respective outcomes. Eighteen studies [total of 562 participants (260 females and 182 males) (3 studies not specifying male-female numbers)] that met the inclusion criteria were grouped and evaluated. Meta-analysis results showed that aerobic exercise significantly decreased TC and TG (MD = 14.06 mg/d 95% CI [−0.80 to 27.33] p = 0.04; MD = 23.82 mg/d 95% CI [13.27 to 34.38] p < 0.00001), anaerobic exercise decreased LDL, TC, and TG (MD = 16.91 mg/d 95% CI [1.49 to 32.34] p = 0.03; MD = 15.13 mg/d 95% CI [0.68 to 29.57] p = 0.04; MD) = 32.47 mg/d 95% CI [27.89 to 37.05] p < 0.00001) and resistance exercise significantly decreased TG (MD = 29.07 mg/d 95% CI [9.09 to 49.05] p = 0.004). The anaerobic exercise was the most effective type of exercise by developing more biomarkers. In addition, aerobic and resistance exercise effectively improved blood lipid profile. Unexpectedly, neither type of exercise showed a significant effect on HDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Les effets indésirables rhumatologiques immunomédiés (c.-à-d. arthrite inflammatoire, pseudopolyarthrite rhizomélique, myosite, vascularite) des inhibiteurs de PD-(L)1 dans le cancer du poumon semblent sous-rapportés ou mal classifiés dans les essais cliniques de phase III. • Parmi les effets indésirables rhumatismaux classés comme non immunomédiés, les rachialgies sont significativement associées aux inhibiteurs de point de contrôle immunitaire ciblant PD-(L)1, quelle que soit leur sévérité. • Les arthralgies sont significativement associées aux inhibiteurs de point de contrôle ciblant PD-(L)1 uniquement lorsqu'ils sont ajoutés à une chimiothérapie conventionnelle. Analyser les effets indésirables (EI) immunomédiés (IM) et non immunomédiés des inhibiteurs de point de contrôle immunitaire (IPCI) ou « inhibiteurs d'immune check point » ciblant la protéine « Programmed-cell Death » (PD)-1 ou son ligand PD-(L)1 chez des patients présentant un cancer du poumon à partir des données disponibles dans la littérature. Nous avons effectué une revue systématique et une méta-analyse des essais cliniques randomisés (ECR) de phase III évaluant les IPCI ciblant le PD-(L)1 chez des patients atteints de cancer du poumon, publiés jusqu'au 12 janvier 2021. Nous avons extrait les données de chacun des essais afin d'estimer l'Odds Ratio (OR) des EI rhumatologiques IM et non IM classés dans les données de sécurité des ECR. Des analyses de sensibilité (par IPCI, groupe de traitement et type histologique) ont été réalisées. Dix-huit ECR remplissaient les critères d'inclusion (n = 12 172 patients). L'OR (IC 95 %) des EI rhumatologiques IM dans les groupes IPCI comparés aux groupes témoins (placebo ou chimiothérapie) était de 2,20 (0,85–5,72). Parmi les EI rhumatologiques non IM, les rachialgies modérées et sévères (grade ≥ 3) étaient significativement plus fréquentes sous IPCI que chez les témoins (2,01 [1,09–3,73] et 2,90 [1,18–7,08] respectivement). La fréquence globale de des arthralgies était similaire dans les deux groupes ; les analyses de sensibilité des ECR évaluant les IPCI combinés à la chimiothérapie ont montré une association significative avec les arthralgies (1,55 [1,15–2,10]). De même, la fréquence des myalgies était significativement plus faible dans les ECR évaluant les IPCI seuls par comparaison avec la chimiothérapie (0,32 [0,24–0,42]). Les douleurs musculaires n'étaient pas plus fréquentes sous IPCI. Les EI rhumatologiques IM sont plus fréquents mais de façon non significative dans les ECR évaluant les inhibiteurs de PD-(L)1, ce qui ne reflète probablement pas leur incidence réelle, suggérant que ces EI sont probablement sous-rapportés ou mal classifiés. Les rachialgies, quelle que soit leur sévérité, sont significativement associées aux IPCI anti-PD-(L)1, tandis que les arthralgies ne sont associées aux IPCI que lorsqu'ils sont ajoutés à une chimiothérapie conventionnelle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chez les patients atteints de RIC, le traitement par rituximab est associé à une faible réponse sérologique après 2 doses de vaccination anti-coronavirus. • Le délai entre la dernière perfusion de rituximab et la vaccination semble être le principal facteur associé à la séroconversion. Un délai minimal de 5–6 mois est recommandé lorsque cela est possible. • Le méthotrexate, le léflunomide et l'abatacept ont également un impact négatif sur le taux de séroconversion. La vaccination contre le coronavirus constitue l'une des pierres angulaires dans la gestion de la crise sanitaire liée au COVID-19. Alors que la vaccination confère une protection efficace chez les sujets immunocompétents, son immunogénicité dans la population atteinte de rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique (RIC) n'est pas clairement établie. Nous avons conduit une étude monocentrique rétrospective évaluant la réponse sérologique après deux doses de vaccination contre le coronavirus chez des patients adultes atteints de RIC et traités par traitements ciblés ou biologiques (n = 123). Les titres d'anticorps IgG dirigés contre la protéine spike du coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ont été mesurés après la seconde dose de vaccin. De plus, nous avons conduit une recherche systématique jusqu'au 31 septembre 2021 dans les bases de données PUBMED, preprint et littérature grise non encore publiée des études observationnelles des taux sérologiques après vaccination chez des patients atteints de RIC traités par médicaments ciblés ou biologiques (numéro d'enregistrement PROSPERO : CRD42021259410). Les études rapportant la taille d'échantillon, la date, le pays d'origine, le taux de séroconversion ont été incluses. Nous avons ensuite conduit une méta-analyse afin d'identifier des facteurs associés à la séroconversion. Sur nos 123 patients (âge médian 66 ans écart interquartile (EI) 57–75), 69,9 % ont séroconverti après 2 doses de vaccination. Les patients ayant eu une séroconversion étaient plus âgés que ceux qui n'en ont pas eu. Les patients traités par rituximab sont ceux qui ont le moins répondu à la vaccination. Nous avons identifié 20 études de séroprévalence en plus de notre cohorte, représentant un total de 4423 patients dans 11 pays. La méta-analyse a confirmé un impact négatif sur le taux de séroconversion du rituximab et dans une moindre mesure de l'abatacept, du léflunomide et du méthotrexate. Le rituximab diminue la réponse sérologique à la vaccination contre le SARS-Cov2 chez les patients atteints de RIC. Ce travail suggère également un impact négatif de l'abatacept, du méthotrexate ou du léflunomide particulièrement en cas d'association à un médicament biologique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous study results have been inconclusive, so this meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between ovarian cancer and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)., Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies on the association between OCPs and ovarian cancer from January 1, 2000 through February 5, 2023. The pooled relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) were used to measure this relationship., Results: A total of 67 studies were included. In the association between ever-use compared with never-use of OCPs and ovarian cancer risk, the pooled RR in cohort studies was 0.69 [95% CI: 0.61, 0.78]. For the relationship between duration of OCPs use and ovarian cancer in the cohort studies, no association between duration of use1-12 months 0.92 [95% CI: 0.82, 1.03] and duration of use 13-60 months 0.87 [95% CI: 0.73, 1.04], but there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between duration of use 61-120 months 0.62 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.81] and more than 120 months 0.51 [95% CI: 0.32, 0.80] and ovarian cancer. For the relationship between OCPs and histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer in the cohort studies, the pooled RR for invasive was 0.70 [95% CI: 0.56, 0.87], but no association between OCPs and borderline ovarian cancer 0.64 [95% CI: 0.31, 1.31]., Conclusion: Our analysis shows a statistically significant inverse relationship between ever-use compared to never-use of OCPs and ovarian cancer risk,and also between invasive cancer and OCPs. By increasing the duration of OCPs use, the risk of ovarian cancer decreased., (Copyright © 2024 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of this work is to assess the quality of observational studies and to make direct and indirect comparisons of robotic surgery with other approaches., Method: We searched various databases between 2014 and 2024 for observational studies comparing robotic-assisted surgery to thoracoscopy or thoracotomy., Results: Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Risk of confounding bias was present in 90% of studies, while risk of classification bias appeared in 80%. Robotic-assisted surgery reduced the risk of conversion to thoracotomy compared with thoracoscopy with an odds ratio of 0.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.65), with high heterogeneity between studies (I 2 =80%). Robotic-assisted surgery did not significantly reduce postoperative complications or 30-day mortality compared with thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. For 5-year overall survival, comparisons of robotic-assisted surgery to thoracoscopy or thoracotomy were non-significant with I 2 of 55%., Conclusion: This work demonstrates the need for a randomized controlled trial to validate robotic surgery for the treatment of bronchial cancer., (Copyright © 2024 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes movement disorders [called motor symptoms (MS)], and motor dysfunction poses a great barrier to the quality of life. Although pharmacological therapy like levodopa can relieve the symptoms, it can also cause complications, such as psychosis, nausea, and dyskinesia. A therapy with more minor side effects is needed for PD. Therapeutic massages are the most commonly used forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but no systematic review and meta-analysis have focused on the efficacy of massage on PD. Objective: To evaluate the quality of evidence and efficacy of therapeutic massage for improving MS in PD. Methods: We independently searched four electronic databases, including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic massage and other available manual therapies improving MS in PD from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021 (recent 10 years). The main outcome measures were total effectiveness and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), including UPDRS total, II, and III. For the statistical analysis, the risk ratio, standard mean difference, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate effect sizes between groups. To determine heterogeneity, statistical index I² was used. Results: A total of 363 PD participants in seven RCTs and one randomized pilot-control study were included in this meta-analysis. The total effectiveness showed that therapeutic massage was more effective than the intervention of the control group for improving MS [ratio risk (RR): 1.33, 95% CI (1.14-1.55), p = 0.0002]. The UPDRS-III scores showed that massage improves motor function more than the control group [SMD = -0.46, 95% CI (-0.67, -0.24), p < 0.00001]. But we found that massage performed no better than the control group in improving daily life activities [SMD = -0.15, 95% CI (-0.40, 0.10), p = 0.23]. Conclusion: Therapeutic massage was effective in improving MS in PD. It is suggested to be an appropriate form of CAM in treating PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]