Search

Copyright of Galician Journal of Economics / Revista Galega de Economía is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is devoted to the study of certain aspects of the formation of local self-government budgets, namely united territorial hromadas. It is summarized that the armed actions of the aggressor led to a deep economic crisis in Ukraine, which affected the financial capacity of the state as a whole and local self-government bodies, in particular. Attention is focused on the fact that with the beginning of a full-scale invasion, the process of approving the budget of local self-government has undergone certain changes: the heads of the respective territorial communities can dispose of the funds of local budgets only in the territory where hostilities are not conducted and the military administration of the settlement (settlements) is not formed. The amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine related to the payment of personal income tax by military personnel are analyzed. Attention is paid to the content of these innovations, namely, to direct to the state budget revenues from the paid tax on the income of an individual from payersmilitary personnel. It is noted that these changes should contribute to a more efficient distribution of financial resources, in particular, to influence the state’s ability to purchase drones and weapons to ensure the country’s defense capability. Particular attention was paid to the issues of formation of local budgets, their distribution and use. It is emphasized that the process of decentralization of power, proposed by the government to meet the financial needs of hromadas, is based on local budgets, which will ensure financial independence and personalize responsibility for the consequences of ineffective management of local finances. It is emphasized that the successor of the property and duties of territorial communities are the communities themselves, but according to the innovations, the remaining funds received from the community budget over the past year will be directed to activities related to Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine. The article focuses on the importance of ensuring transparency in spending budget funds and the right of communities to establish their own mandatory procedures for ensuring publicity in managing local finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the fiscal dynamics of local governments' finances in the Western Balkan countries, focusing on their own source revenues and capital investments, made from the municipalities. While spending for capital investment has increased in nominal terms, the share of municipal spending on capital investments has been downwardly unstable over the past 16 years. In addition to central government transfers, several significant factors contribute to the determination of municipal own-source revenues, including central and local public investment, current expenditures, and municipal development index. The study reveals that capital investment depends on its own source revenues or capital transfers from the central government, where local capital expenditure emerges as a robust determinant, exerting a stronger influence on municipal fiscal autonomy compared to central government investments. This finding underscores the importance of local capital expenditure in enhancing fiscal independence at the local level. This research emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of investment allocation, development indicators, and promoting local revenue mobilization. The findings suggest that enhancing local fiscal autonomy requires a shift in policy focus towards stimulating local capital expenditure and prioritizing human development. By identifying the factors that influence municipal own-source revenues, this study provides valuable insights for local management in strengthening the financial capacities of local governments in the Western Balkan countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to review and analyze the potential of local taxes in terms of increasing revenue to municipalities in Bulgaria. The analysis of local taxation covers a period of 4 years (2018- 2021) and it is focused on two directions: to evaluate the collection level of local taxes and to indicate the degree of importance of local taxes compared to the revenues in the municipal budget. In order to guarantee proper information processing, the following methods are used: analysis and synthesis; grouping, systematization, classification, and structural analysis. Results and conclusions are providing information about the local taxes status and the need for change in the local policies in certain municipalities depending on their size and collection levels. The results will have a local impact on the evaluation of missed opportunities to the local budget's revenue capacity and the possibilities to increase their results.

The main goal of this article is to review and analyze the potential of local taxes in terms of increasing revenue to municipalities in Bulgaria. The analysis of local taxation covers a period of 4 years (2018-2021) and it is focused on two directions: to evaluate the collection level of local taxes and to indicate the degree of importance of local taxes compared to the revenues in the municipal budget. In order to guarantee proper information processing, the following methods are used: analysis and synthesis; grouping, systematization, classification, and structural analysis. Results and conclusions are providing information about the local taxes status and the need for change in the local policies in certain municipalities depending on their size and collection levels. The results will have a local impact on the evaluation of missed opportunities to the local budget's revenue capacity and the possibilities to increase their results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following article studies the effects of the competition for funds among Chilean municipalities. For this, a group of local officers with experience bidding to the Fondo de Desarrollo Regional (fndr) was interviewed. Regardless of its local relevance the competition for capital funds has been commonly scrutinized from a hierarchical perspective isolated from the administrative processes that took place before and after the fund's distribution. The article shows that the competition for fndr funds, despite securing the social return of investment, would favour better-off municipalities with larger populations jeopardizing the accomplishment of its objectives. Also, local projects would tend to seek central government compliance at the expense of what was locally proposed, evidencing an asymmetry between local and central officers. Finally, the competition would encourage the design of projects from a smaller magnitude and more visible for the community, thus affecting the development of the municipalities and the communities that inhabit them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the current state of formation of local budgets in the conditions of decentralization of financial resources, taking into account the changes made to the budget and tax legislation. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of formation and use of funds of local budgets. Development of proposals for improving the existing functioning mechanism and filling local budgets. The state and local self-government share tasks and responsibilities for providing citizens with public services. The effectiveness and scale of activities of local authorities in the field of providing public services depend mainly on the state of finances of local authorities. The system of local budgets exists in all countries of the world. The urgent task of financial decentralization is to ensure the necessary volume of financial resources for the implementation of the specified activity. Studies show that at the moment the system of local budget revenue generation has an insufficient level of own revenue and a large share of transfer payments in the revenue part of local budgets. With the beginning of Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine, local self-government bodies, like the entire state as a whole, faced new challenges and problems, the solution of which, first of all, requires additional financial resources. According to the results of 10 months of 2022, revenues to local budgets decreased by an average of 16% compared to January-October 2021. Studies have shown that the largest specific weight in the structure of the revenue part of local budgets is occupied by tax revenues, namely personal income tax, a single tax, land tax. Based on this, it is proposed that the leaders of the united territorial communities focus specifically on the administration of personal income tax, cooperation with natural persons entrepreneurs, legalization of labor relations, raising the level of wages at economically active economic entities and on other measures, the purpose of which is to increase revenues from this tax. Today, the issue of increasing the level of financial capacity of communities is solved by developing the economy in their territories, ensuring strategic management of the development of territories, popularizing territories, promoting investment attraction, supporting local business and developing industries. Each of the communities determines the priority industries in its territories. Rural areas give priority to the development of agro-industrial complex branches, farming for the cultivation of those crops that are characteristic of a certain area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the relations of new reforms that have been introduced to support the fiscal capacity of the municipalities in North Macedonia. These reforms involve the transfer of VAT through new formula, offering positive benefits to enhance performance and supporting fiscal equalization to improve local finances. Fiscal equalization is necessary to address horizontal imbalances. Horizontal imbalances occur when the spatial distribution of local revenue sources does not align with spatial distribution of local government expenditures. National governments attempt to mitigate horizontal imbalances both on the grounds of social solidarity and economic efficiency, aiming to prevent fiscally induced misallocation of economic resources. In relation to expenditure needs, economic efficiency concerns situation where benefits from local services vary across different population strata rather than being uniform for all local residents. In this case, an efficiency-inducing grant formula should consider the differences in the proportion of entitled population in various localities. In this study we conduct empiric analyses (focused only on the VAT grant) to examine the correlation between higher performance, higher VAT transfers for municipalities in the country, and the implementation of two new funds in the formula linked to higher collected own revenues and better realized budgets compared to planned figures. Additionally, we will use the Pearson Correlation Coefficients to see did increasing the VAT subsidy rate lead to improve the fiscal capacity and increase the revenues of the municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability of municipal finance implies steady revenue generation. Pinpointing their determinants creates the necessary background in their management and policy creation. Great municipal dependence on central government finance remains a serious challenge in the process of fiscal decentralisation. So far, studies have been focusing on the expenditure side, while revenues were treated mostly marginally. A random-effects Generalized Least Squares (GLS) panel regression for the period of 2015–2019 is estimated for targeting revenue determinants of municipalities in North Macedonia. Own and total tax revenues are modelled separately through the impact of capital expenditures, salary expenditures, active transparency index, municipality type, and local government’s ideology. The general results indicate that capital expenditure, municipal transparency, and the level of development are significant determinants of municipal revenues in both estimated models. Using such knowledge on municipal revenue reactions can help governments formulate policies that provide sustainable and effective fiscal decentralisation, lowering the pressure on central governments in developing economies.

The article is aimed at substantiating the need to introduce innovative public-private projects in order to strengthen local finance. The article presents a definition of the concept of «innovative public-private project», based on the analysis of literary sources, generalizes the main problems of integration of science and business within the innovative public-private projects together with the reasons for their occurrence. Using the methods of analysis of root causes and regression-correlation analysis of statistical data referring to European countries, it was concluded that, despite the financing of research and development costs affects the volume of high-tech exports and the number of researchers in the field of research and development, however, a greater number of researchers does not guarantee a greater volume of high-tech exports, which, in turn, means that the main problems of integration of science and business within the innovative public-private projects should be addressed not by increasing the funding of scientific research, but introducing new, effective mechanisms of public-private partnership at the regional level. It is proved that the transfer of part of the functions of public-private partnership to the regional level of their distribution will contribute to the socio-economic development of the regions. According to the results of the carried out research, the authors allocate such directons of implementation of innovative public-private partnerships at the local level as participation of the State regional authorities in the development of educational programs of local universities and the formation of an innovation network with regional industrial enterprises, as well as information promotion of innovative centers that unite science and business, in the plane of organization of training seminars, conferences, etc..

Slovenian communities were eager to re-establish autonomous local governments after the introduction of democracy. These newly established municipalities corresponded territorially to the previous regime’s local communities; however, only 194 municipalities were formed from over 1,200 communities. Some municipalities comprised a cluster of communities, some of which later became proponents of splits, due to the sense that they were being neglected by the rest of the municipality and in the hope of receiving more funds as separate municipalities. Although stricter criteria for establishing municipalities were imposed and the scope of formal initiators was narrowed to limit the splits, the proponents found loopholes in the form of political patrons (deputies) and, as a last resort, sought justice from the constitutional court. The splits occurred in both underdeveloped and developed municipalities. The breakaway municipalities were not more developed than the mother municipality; about a third were less developed. There were no clear financial advantages in creating separate municipalities.

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between non-returnable sources of financing for local development and the ability to repay and service the debt by local government units in Poland. The formulated research problem becomes particularly important in the situation of limiting the level of own-source revenues (reduction of income independence) due to the influence of external factors, independent from local authorities. The research was carried out on the entire population of local government units in Poland, considering their statutory types, municipalities, powiats, cities with powiat status, and voivodeships. The existence of a strong correlation between own-source revenues and the operating surplus was confirmed. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to assess creditworthiness, taking into account own-source revenue and the operating surplus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the historical preconditions for the formation and development of local finances. Diverse directions of development of local finances in different countries, in different economic systems, are identified. The signs of public finances at the level of low-urbanized territories in modern conditions are formulated. it is proved that the formation of local finance subsystem as a component of public finance cannot be considered in isolation from the processes of formation of local self-government: the subjectivity of local authorities itself, whose decisions should have an overwhelming influence on the current socio-economic processes in a community and determine strategic priorities for its development, cannot be implemented without proper financial support.

This study presents the newest legislative regulations regarding the financial and economic attributions of the Romanian administrative local authorities. In the middle of the summer of 2019 the Romanian administrative law area was enriched by the Administrative Code. This new comprehensive act, containing more than 600 articles, regulates the organization of local public administration and the general rules applied to local autonomy. Local public administration is one of the important sectors of state administration. Through public administration, state achieves its goals, respecting legal regulations. Local authorities - city councils and mayors - must manage in the name and interest of local collectivities the public business and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern transformational changes occurring in the socio-economic life of countries are conditioned by the evolution of information and communication technologies, the deployment of globalization, decentralization, the strengthening of the openness policy and the increase of efficiency of use and hence the transition from a bureaucratic model of government to a consensus model, a built model. implementation of entrepreneurial management mechanisms in providing social services to the population actualize the need for rethinking and justification the structure of public finance in the new environment. On the basis of systematic analysis, the theoretical aspects of «public finances» are revealed in the article, their structure is substantiated and the necessity of application in scientific circulation as an important dominant of civil society is proved. It is emphasized that the essential characteristics of this definition are revealed by the existence of financial and economic relations between the population, the state, other public institutions and economic entities regarding the formation, distribution, and use of public funds to meet the public needs of the population. It is shown that the structure of public finances is formed by state and local finances, finances of communal enterprises and state corporations, finances of enterprises and organizations of communal ownership, extrabudgetary trust funds and public funds. Among the dominant features of public finances in the context of modern transformations are transparency and imperative character. It has been argued that the vector of public finance reform must continue to be decentralization, which, in addition to the redistribution of resources and powers, should promote the extension of the financial powers of local governments, increase the transparency of both public and local finances, and raise public accountability. the public sector and improving the quality of life of the population.

Slovenian communities were eager to re-establish autonomous local governments after the introduction of democracy. These newly established municipalities corresponded territorially to the previous regime's local communities; however, only 194 municipalities were formed from over 1,200 communities. Some municipalities comprised a cluster of communities, some of which later became proponents of splits, due to the sense that they were being neglected by the rest of the municipality and in the hope of receiving more funds as separate municipalities. Although stricter criteria for establishing municipalities were imposed and the scope of formal initiators was narrowed to limit the splits, the proponents found loopholes in the form of political patrons (deputies) and, as a last resort, sought justice from the constitutional court. The splits occurred in both underdeveloped and developed municipalities. The breakaway municipalities were not more developed than the mother municipality; about a third were less developed. There were no clear financial advantages in creating separate municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, to re-energize discussion on local personal tax, and second, to show how such a tax could curb urban sprawl. The authors start with a short description of the communal tax and its potential links to urban sprawl. In the current system of communities' financing in Poland, suburban municipalities have a significant incentive to increase the number of inhabitants as the PIT revenues follow their inflow. The authors propose and discuss a simple variant of local PIT called Self-government Tax Rate which is a flat tax on a broadly defined tax base. Contrary to the present system of Polish local government units' share in progressive PIT, this system is linear, which reduces the gains in PIT revenues from taxpayers in the second tax bracket moving to suburbia. This is the first paper in the relevant literature that investigates the links between communal tax and urban sprawl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at disclosing the essence and role of budgets of territorial communities in the system of financial provision of the local self-government, defining the approaches to formation of local budgets as a weighty instrument of the socio-economic development of territories. Achieving the financial self-sufficiency of local government will allow implementing of the principle of balanced functioning of local finances. An important task is to determine the role of the institution of local finances in the modern economic environment, the need to introduce institutional changes in the budget process, the carrying out of administrative-territorial transformations. The inter-budgetary transfers and budget expenditures play a decisive role in increasing the volume of financing of social programs, ensuring financial stability, and strengthening its influence on the socio-economic development of territory along with balance of the local budget. It is expedient to increase the innovation component of local budgets, the volume of financing of social programs, decrease dependence of local budgets on transfers from the State budget, ensuring economic and financial stability, strengthening the influence of regulation of the inter-budgetary relations on the socio-economic development of territories.

In work the analysis of experience realization reforming administratively-territorial device and decentralization of management in the European countries is carried out. The comparisons of different models of decentralization of authority are carried out. The features of administrative-territorial transformations in the countries - members of EU are investigated which have resulted in positive and negative results. Is shown, that the European practice demonstrates a growing role of local self-management in system of public authority and opportunity of effective delimitation of powers of bodies of the executive authority and local self-management in nation-wide and territorial management. Is established, that in the majority of the countries of Europe at local and regional levels practically all to the competence, except for competent of nation-wide meaning(importance), belong to powers of bodies of local self-management. Is established, that in the countries of Europe the tendency to integration of administrative - territorial units of a base level is traced which answers a level of communities in Ukraine and also decentralization and reforming of functional powers in system administratively - territorial device. The carried out comparative analysis of powers of administrative-territorial units in the different countries, structure and features of formation of the incomes of local bodies self-management. On the basis of the carried out(spent) analysis the carried out offers concerning formation of the Ukrainian model of decentralization. Is proved, that for reception of positive results of decentralization of authority in Ukraine it is necessary simultaneously to take into account such aspects: introduction of mechanisms of wide attraction of the members of territorial communities to participation in management; to develop communities as public corporations on own resources; to ensure wide scope of local self-management, to expand their jurisdiction on territory outside the occupied items; the decentralization of powers can be accompanied by decentralization of budget resources.

In work the analysis of experience realization reforming administratively-territorial device and decentralization of management in the European countries is carried out. The comparisons of different models of decentralization of authority are carried out. The features of administrative-territorial transformations in the countries - members of EU are investigated which have resulted in positive and negative results. Is shown, that the European practice demonstrates a growing role of local self-management in system of public authority and opportunity of effective delimitation of powers of bodies of the executive authority and local self-management in nation-wide and territorial management. Is established, that in the majority of the countries of Europe at local and regional levels practically all to the competence, except for competent of nation-wide meaning(importance), belong to powers of bodies of local self-management. Is established, that in the countries of Europe the tendency to integration of administrative - territorial units of a base level is traced which answers a level of communities in Ukraine and also decentralization and reforming of functional powers in system administratively - territorial device. The carried out comparative analysis of powers of administrative-territorial units in the different countries, structure and features of formation of the incomes of local bodies self-management. On the basis of the carried out(spent) analysis the carried out offers concerning formation of the Ukrainian model of decentralization. Is proved, that for reception of positive results of decentralization of authority in Ukraine it is necessary simultaneously to take into account such aspects: introduction of mechanisms of wide attraction of the members of territorial communities to participation in management; to develop communities as public corporations on own resources; to ensure w ide scope of local self-management, to expand their jurisdiction on territory outside the occupied items; the decentralization of powers can be accompanied by decentralization of budget resources.

The article proposes a comprehensive vision of the personal income tax system issues in the context of its use as a tool for the formation of local public finances, a systemic approach to increasing its effectiveness in the context of the need to balance the interests in the chains of the individual-society general system: individual-local community, the territory of the labor force supplier-the territory of the labor force recipient (scope of application of labor), the local community-the territory/sphere where social services are provided. A conclusion is drawn about the dominant fiscal function of the personal income tax and the tax on real property other than a parcel of land, which exhibits the constant growth of its tax rates without an acceptable extension of the preferential part. The process of transforming these taxes and their budget-forming role in the formation of the capable united territorial communities were investigated. The main issues of enrollment and distribution of income tax among the budgets of different territorial communities as subjects of the process of decentralization of public finances were revealed. The significant amount of work is required to assess the actual and potential capacity of the respective territories in order to provide the relevant services in the context of the entire array of the settlement network, which requires the development of a budget classification that would contribute to more detailed local budgets in developing a model for their distribution of profitable tax that would better take into account the parameters of the capacity of territorial communities, provision of their residents with the relevant services. The conclusion is made on the necessity of forming the preferential part of the mentioned taxes on the new conceptual principles, which provide for an extensive and effective system of tax incentives that would be provided to taxpayers, indirectly through the participation of the state, opportunities for obtaining education, treatment, introduction of energy-saving technologies, saving, investing in construction of housing, etc., and also formed the motivation for legalization of incomes as the basis for expanding the tax base, increasing budget formation of relevant taxes.

Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the process of creation, functioning of the Yelysavetgrad City Public Bank during 1865-1883. On the basis of the investigated materials, an attempt is made to analyze the bank financial operations in the following areas: taking deposits, bill discounting, issuing loans against collateral of finance instruments, goods, valuables, real estate, land. It reveals the influence of the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War and the Jewish pogroms of April 15-17, 1881 in Yelysavetgrad on the city bank's activities. The peculiarities of the public bank net profit distribution are investigated and its role and importance for the development of Yelysavetgrad city government are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at defining theoretical and methodological bases of development of local finances, analyzing decentralization of power, which is the purpose of redistribution of powers between local self-government bodies and the State authorities in the process of reform. Development of the process of decentralization in Ukraine and abroad has been researched; problematic aspects of the decentralization process and the main changes in the legislation of Ukraine have been disclosed. The current status of decentralization of local budgets has been assessed; the main problems in local self-government of Ukraine have been identified, and the status of decentralization in foreign countries has been analyzed. Ways to improve implementation of decentralization reform in order to ensure sustainable development of territories have been suggested. On the basis of the theoretical principles of fiscal decentralization significant ways to increase the level of decentralization in Ukraine, related to the transition from theoretical aspects of the reform to concrete practical implementation, have been analyzed and substantiated.

It is substantiated that the decrease due to the robotization of manufacturing process of the number of working places, should aim the state for the need to revise the tax system and change the approaches to financing free access of citizens to public goods. The robotization and automation of manufacturing process must be taxed, and the appropriate funds should be directed at the social security of citizens. These funds should be directed in accordance with the newly adopted laws on professional, spiritual, cultural and physical development of the individual through the creation of a system of free access to public goods. The robotization and automation of manufacturing process should be aimed at facilitating and improving the lives and health of workers, in particular by reducing the workplaces in hazardous, harmful and difficult working conditions, which requires appropriate changes to labor legislation. Free from work time appeared due to robotization and automation of the manufacturing process should be aimed at the training of workers, and it should also get its regulatory consolidation. There are defended the following key ideas in the article: 1) taxation of roboters’ work in proportion to reduced workplaces; 2) the formation, distribution and use of tax revenues from robotization should be subordinated to social goals based on the principles of «justice» and «social function of property». The funds from the taxation of robots should be aimed at ensuring standards of decent life such as: education, health, culture, security; 3) the states should stimulate the primary robotization of manufacturing processes conducted in hazardous, unsafe and difficult working conditions. For example, the manufacturing processes carried out in contaminated with harmful substances in the sites; underground work; work at low or high temperatures; heavy work related to lifting and moving loads etc.; 4) today it is necessary to reform the system of education and training of specialists in accordance with the perspective needs of labor market, where continuity of training should become the basis for professional development of the employee.

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article is to present the local government in Georgia. Among post-Soviet, non-EU states, Georgia may be praised for the greatest progress in reforming local and regional authorities. It does not mean, however, that the decentralisation process is over. It has been blocked mainly by the lack of own incomes of local governments and limitations of a political nature. In order to assess the state of development of local government in Georgia, the author has made a review of legislation and an analysis of press releases, statistical data and reports of experts. He also used a case study of the former mayor of Tbilisi, Gigi Ugulava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the necessity of financial logistic coordination, which involves attracting financial resources in those subsystems of the territories that are most favorable for the rational use of socio-ecological and economic resources, their reproduction, achievement of socio-ecological and economic security and increase in logistics efficiency. It is determined that in order to solve territorial communities’ functioning issues and to ensure their development there is a need to combine local, state and private finances. Effective financial coordination will make it possible to use the resources of the territories efficiently, reduce the use of territories' external resources sub-systems and maximize the provision of their functioning by internal resources. The main resources, revenues and expenditures that provide financial logistics of the territories in Ukraine are estimated. The first results from the implementation of decentralization reform revealed a number of issues: the dependence of Ukraine's local finances on public finances, the social orientation of expenditures etc.. The necessity of completing the process of inter-budgetary relations decentralization and coordination was singled out. The authors identified necessary changes on the state level in order to improve coordination of financial flows and development of the territories. Financial logistics coordination at the local level should solve a number of problems: filling of local budgets with their own financial resources; regulation of prices and tariffs for utilities; increase of communal enterprises and institutions financing; increase of capital expenditures in the spheres of local governments improvement and modernization; investment attraction ; improve the use of local debt securities.

Decentralisation of public finance in Poland was an important element of changes in the political system of the country. As a result, some tasks of the state were transferred to the local government level. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the budget expenses on cultural tasks incurred by local government units in Poland in the years 2003–2012 and outlines the legal frameworks of the local government financial management in Poland. Using a model based on the double logarithmic function, the author tests a hypothesis, according to which the broadly understood culture might be regarded as a necessity or luxury good, depending on the value of the coefficient of elasticity of the expenses on culture incurred by local government units in relation to the gross regional product.

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Proceedings of Ostroh Academy National University Series, Economics is the property of National University of Ostroh Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The searching for new ways to finance Ukrainian education, science and culture leads to the studying of the historical experience of the previous years. These lessons could be very helpful. Nevertheless, this topic is still less researched in the Ukrainian historiography. The article deals with the problems of the material support of the educational and cultural institutions in the cities of the Ukrainian SSR during the 1920s. The main attention is paid to the highlighting of the role of the cities budgets to the problem mentioned above. The process of the legislative regulation of the financing of the educational and cultural spheres and in particular – the division of the funding for the institutions of the social education, the vocational education and the political literacy between the state and local budgets is traced on the basis of the analysis of the normative legal acts of the Ukrainian Soviet authorities. The working out the operational and reporting documentation of the different departments, statistical data and the materials of the periodicals make it possible to reveal the practical consequences of transferring a large part of education spending to the local finances. In the early 20’s XX century this decision led to the reducing of the educational institutions, the number of teachers and, of course, the number of children covered with education. Studying the expenditure part of the cities budgets allows us to determine how much money was allocated to the development of the educational and cultural institutions in 1923–1928, to outline the priority of the financing of the certain spheres and to highlight the specific appointment of the educational expenditures. The research showed that budget spending on education had been steadily increasing. Ukrainian cities spent more than 80 million rubles on the item during that period. Most of these funds were absorbed by social education institutions. The institutions of the political literacy were on the second place and the institutions of the vocational education were the last. At the same time, more than half of all the educational expenditures were spent on the salary of the pedagogical and technical workers. The Ukrainian cities directed the average 19.5 % of the total cities budgets to the development of the education and culture at the end of the 1920s. However, it was not enough to satisfy all the needs of the urban citizens. This problem was partly solved by the transferring of some institutions on the system of patronage, partly – by the introduction of tuition fees, but mainly – by self-taxation of the population of the Ukrainian SSR.

The deteriorating state of municipal budgets creates a number of obstacles to their use as a tool for policy-making. The discontinued fiscal decentralization process and some of the recent attempts to address the problem of increasing indebtedness among local authorities created prerequisites for an increase in the local tax burden, while prospects for improving the fiscal situation of municipalities are still lacking. The structure of municipal expenditures shows an increasing importance of the absorption of EU funds and a continuing dependence on the decisions of the central government. The relocation of personal income tax proceeds back to municipalities seems the only viable alternative within the existing tax system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article systemises risks, which influence revenue and spending parts of local budgets. It marks internal and external factors and conditions, which influence the level of the budget risk. It develops a system of assessment of risks of formation and execution of local budgets, which facilitates timely managerial decision making on their optimisation and reduction.В статье систематизированы риски, которые влияют на доходную и расходную части местных бюджетов. Выделены внутренние и внешние факторы и условия, которые оказывают воздействия на уровень бюджетного риска. Разработана система оценки рисков формирования и исполнения местных бюджетов, способствующая своевременному принятию управленческих решений по их оптимизации и уменьшению.

Systematization of methods and approaches for the estimations of management quality local finances is carried out in the article. It was worked out and was offered for Ukraine system of indicative indexes for the estimations of financial and management internalss by finances of local authorities, in the conditions of height of financial independence of territorial educations.В статье осуществлена систематизация методов и подходов по оценки качества управления местными финансами. Разработана и предложена для Украины система индикативных показателей по оценки финансового и качества управления финансами местных органов власти, в условиях роста финансовой самостоятельности территориальных образований.