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Odpadki in ravnanje z njimi je velika prostorska in ekološka težava današnjega sveta. Zaradi naraščanja ozaveščenosti javnosti so se pričeli izvajati razni ukrepi. Namen diplomskega dela je preučiti stopnjo ozaveščenosti prebivalcev Občine Izola na področju ravnanja z odpadki in podati predloge za izboljšanje stanja. Statistični podatki glede ravnanja z odpadki na ravni Evropske unije, Slovenije in Občine Izola so predstavljeni ter primerjani glede na prejšnja leta. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se v splošnem povečuje količina odpadkov, vendar pa je več odpadkov recikliranih in ponovno uporabljenih. Vedno boljša je tudi ozaveščenost prebivalcev o učinkih odpadkov in o samem ločevanju odpadkov. Opravljen intervju z osebo, zaposleno na komunalnem podjetju, je pokazal, s kakšnimi izzivi se spopadajo, njihovo delovanje in sodelovanje z občani. Delovanje komunalnega podjetja Komunala Izola d. o. o. je bilo s strani občanov pozitivno ocenjeno, saj vlagajo veliko truda v komuniciranje z lokalno skupnostjo. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika je bilo ugotovljeno, da večina ljudi odpadke ločuje, imajo pa nekaj težav z ločevanjem določenih vrst odpadkov. Bolj dosledno odpadke ločujejo bolj izobraženi in starejši prebivalci. Za odpravo zaznanih pomanjkljivosti so v delu predlagane tudi rešitve v obliki predlogov in shem. Waste and its management present a big spatial and ecological challenge in our day and age. Due to the general public’s increasing awareness of the issue, the authorities started to implement measures to combat the problem. This work was created with the intent to study the level of awareness of the waste sorting system in the municipality of Izola and to present suggestions for its improvement. Statistical data on waste management at the European Union, National (Slovenia) and Municipal (Izola) levels are presented and compared. The data shows a general increase in the amount of waste as well as an increase in recycling and reuse. More people are aware of the effects of waste as well as the waste sorting system itself. The interview, conducted with an employee of the waste management company, informs of the challenges they face, their operations and cooperation efforts with the residents. Its performance was reviewed favorably by the people it serves, which can be attributed to the efforts taken to connect with locals. Information gathered with the help of a questionnaire shows that while the majority of people do recycle, a few types of trash are often sorted mistakenly. Sorting quality improves with age and education levels. The identified deficiencies were noted and suggestions were presented for their rectification.

V diplomski nalogi z naslovom Vzroki in posledice neustreznega ravnanja s plastičnimi odpadki je obravnavan problem onesnaževanja okolja s plastiko. V uvodu je predstavljen problem in namen diplomske naloge. Naslednje poglavje vsebuje značilnosti plastike ter njene prednosti in slabosti. Opisane so nekatere najbolj razširjene in uporabne vrste sintetičnih polimerov, dodatki v plastiki in mikroplastika. Predstavljena je tudi plastična embalaža in vrste bioplastike. Tretje poglavje opisuje posledice onesnaževanja okolja s plastiko. Predstavljene so posledice sežiganja odpadne plastike. Podrobno so opisane težave, ki jih povzročajo plastični odpadki v okolju in njihova škodljivost za organizme v morjih in oceanih. Posebno podpoglavje je namenjeno prisotnosti mikroplastike in nanoplastike v hrani, vodi in zraku, ki lahko vpliva na zdravje ljudi. Četrto poglavje vsebuje ukrepe in strategije za zmanjševanje količine plastičnih odpadkov, kot so recikliranje, ločevanje odpadkov, sežiganje in uporaba biološko razgradljive plastike. Posebej je predstavljena Evropska strategija za plastiko. Zadnje poglavje je namenjeno analizi in ugotovitvam raziskave o ozaveščenosti ljudi glede problema plastičnih odpadkov in škodljivosti plastike. Glede na preučeno literaturo so vzroki za dosedanje onesnaženje okolja v desetletjih nepremišljenega ravnanja s plastičnimi odpadki, neustreznem upravljanju na odlagališčih, povečani proizvodnji in raznolikosti plastičnih izdelkov, prenizkem recikliranju, neustreznem ločevanju in odlaganju plastičnih odpadkov. Posledice so vidne v globalnem onesnaženju okolja s plastičnimi odpadki in mikroplastiko, ki predstavljata tveganje za zdravje različnih živali in tudi ljudi. Ukrepi na ravni EU so usmerjeni v ponovno uporabo in recikliranje odpadne plastike, inovativne rešitve in učinkovitejše ozaveščanje javnosti. Rezultati opravljene raziskave kažejo, da je ozaveščenost ljudi o pomenu ločenega zbiranja odpadkov nizka. Osebe, vključene v raziskavo, neustrezno ločujejo plastične odpadke in embalažo. Zavedajo se škodljivosti plastike in menijo, da bi plastično embalažo morala zamenjati biorazgradljiva embalaža. Pripravljeni so se odpovedati izdelkom iz plastike tudi za ceno lastnega udobja. The diploma thesis entitled Causes and Consequences of Improper Management of Plastic Waste deals with the problem of environmental pollution with plastic. The introduction presents the problem and purpose of the diploma thesis. The next section contains the characteristics of plastic and its advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most common and useful types of synthetic polymers, plastic additives and microplastics are described. Plastic packaging and types of bioplastics are also presented. The third chapter describes the consequences of environmental pollution with plastic. The consequences of incineration of waste plastics are presented. The problems caused by plastic waste in the environment and their harmfulness to organisms in the seas and oceans are described in detail. A special subsection is devoted to the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, water and air, which can affect human health. Chapter 4 contains measures and strategies to reduce the amount of plastic waste, such as recycling, waste separation, incineration and the use of biodegradable plastics. The European Plastics Strategy is presented in particular. The last chapter is devoted to the analysis and findings of a research on people's awareness of the problem of plastic waste and the harmfulness of plastic. According to the studied literature, the causes of environmental pollution are decades of reckless plastic waste management, inadequate landfill management, increased production and diversity of plastic products, under-recycling, inadequate separation and disposal of plastic waste. The consequences are visible in the global pollution of the environment with plastic waste and microplastics, which pose a risk to the health of various animals as well as humans. Action at EU level is aimed at reusing and recycling plastic waste, innovative solutions and raising public awareness. The results of the research show that people's awareness of the importance of separate waste collection is low. Persons involved in the survey do not adequately separate plastic waste and packaging. They are aware of the harmful effects of plastic and believe that plastic packaging should be replaced by biodegradable packaging. They are willing to give up plastic products, even at the cost of their own comfort.

Video igre postajajo iz dneva v dan pomembnejši člen v izobraževanju, saj dan danes predstavljajo enega najbolj prisotnih medijev. S tem raste tudi zanimanje za izdelavo novih iger, s tem da se vedno več poudarka daje izobraževanju, saj so igre lahko za mlade odličen način izobraževanja skozi igro oz. zabavo s pomočjo igrifikacije. V diplomskem delu je opisan proces izdelave poučne igre v navidezni resničnosti (v nadaljevanju VR) z uporabo odprtokodnih programov. Takšen način razvijanja je vedno bolj popularen, saj se ga lahko loti vsak, ne glede na nivo znanja in finančnega stanja. Prav tako za take programe na spletu obstaja veliko poučne vsebine ter primerov in javno dostopnih projektov, ki so na voljo tako za uporabo kot izobraževanje. Tematika diplomskega dela na temo izdelave izobraževalne VR igre je usmerjena v področje ekologije, in sicer bolj natančno na ločevanje odpadkov z namenom ozaveščanja širše javnosti o pomembnosti teme ter pravilnem ločevanju odpadkov doma. Teoretični del vsebuje opis ozadja poučnih iger, VR medija ter najpogostejše napake recikliranja, medtem ko eksperimentalni del vsebuje opis programske opreme, ki je bila uporabljena pri izdelavi igre ter sam proces izdelave. V zaključku so predstavljeni večji izzivi s katerimi smo se soočili med izdelavo ter rezultati ankete, ki so kazali na uspeh projekta – to je uspešno izdelavo poučne VR igre. Končno diplomsko delo omogoča vpogled v celoten delokrog od priprave do postavitve končne aplikacije. Največja dobrobit izvedenega dela je v tem, da uporabnik, ki se loti izdelave podobne aplikacije, ne potrebuje nikakršnega finančnega vložka, ker je celoten proces izdelan z uporabo odprtokodnih, prosto dostopnih in s tem brezplačnih programov. Video games are becoming more and more present in the everyday life. Consequence of that is also growth in the field of educational video games as they can be one of the best sources of fun and education through gamification. This work describes the creation of an educational virtual reality (VR) game, using open source software. This style of development (indie game development (indie short for independent)), is likewise becoming more and more popular as it is becoming widely available due to decreasing costs and skill requirements. In addition, there are many tutorials and sample projects available online, helping potential users in reaching their goal. Theme of the work is centred on ecology with focus on recycling at home with the intent of raising awareness through fun gameplay experiences. Theoretic part encompasses a short history and background of educational video games, VR and common pitfalls of recycling at home while practical part consists of the biggest issues faced during development and a short questionnaire with findings which point towards a successful execution of the project. Therefore, work as a whole, offers an insight into the production cycle of video game creation, with wealth of information laying in educating future developers on the possibilities of near costless game development.

V diplomski nalogi sem raziskovala in analizirala ravnanje z odpadki v občini Izola. Predstavila sem osnovne načine ravnanja z odpadki, zakonodajo tega področja, ravnanje z odpadki v izolski občini, opisala Javno podjetje Komunala Izola, d. o. o., ki opravlja dejavnost ravnanja z odpadki na izbranem območju ter podala nekaj smernic za ravnanje z odpadki. Pridobila sem veliko znanja o ravnanju z odpadki, ekologiji in logistiki, kar mi bo služilo pri nadaljnjem delu na tem področju. Iz strokovnega dela lahko zaključim, da je v Sloveniji za naloge s področja okolja zadolžena Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje in da je na območju občine Izola za ravnanje z odpadki pooblaščeno Javno podjetje Komunala Izola d. o. o. Odpadke se zbira ločeno. Specifika občine Izola je v terenu in sezonskem nihanju. Teren v centru mesta je težko dostopen – ozke ulice, malo prostora, medtem ko so na obrobju mesta precejšne razdalje med zbirnimi mesti odpadkov. Izola je predvsem turistično mesto, kar pomeni večje količine odpadkov v času poletne sezone. Za dejavnost odvoza odpadkov je izrednega pomena dobro upravljanje logistike. Lahko zaključimo, da je ravnanje z odpadki kompleksno in pomembno za našo prihodnost. In my diploma thesis I research and analyse waste management in Izola. I have presented the basic waste management, legislation, described public – sector company Komunala Izola d.o.o., responsible for waste management in the selected area and presented some guidelines for handeling. I have gained a lot of konwledge in the field of waste handeling, ecology and logistics, all of which will come very helpful form y future work. From my research I can conclude Slovenian Environment Agency is responsible for enviromental issues in Slovenia and that in Izola the company Komunala Izola d.o.o. is authorized for waste management. Waste, collected in Izola, is recycled. Izola has a distinctive landscape and seasonal fluctuations. Due to narrow streets and tight spacess the access to the old city center is difficult, while there are large distances between waste collection points in the city center is difficult, while the countrysidenhas large distances between waste collecting points. Izola is mainly a turistic city, which results in is a large amount of waste in during turistic season. Logistics is highly important in waste collection. We can therefore conclude that waste management is a complex yet important ascpect for our future.

Odpadki danes v svetu predstavljajo velik problem, saj se iz leta v leto njihova količina povečuje. Za odpadno embalažo je zelo pomembno ločeno zbiranje, saj s tem omogočimo višjo stopnjo ponovne uporabe ali reciklaže. Javne službe in družbe, ki so odgovorne za zbiranje, ponovno uporabo, reciklažo ali predelavo, se soočajo z različnimi problemi. Zaradi lažjega razumevanja celotne diplomske naloge in s tem tudi slovenske zakonodaje, bodo na začetku podane teoretična izhodišča. Predstavil bom tudi sistem, ki ga pri nas uporabljamo, ter opisal krožno gospodarstvo, saj nam ta prinaša številne rešitve. Iz pridobljenih podatkov, ki so ključni za prikaz rezultatov, bomo ugotovili dejansko sliko, kaj se v Sloveniji dogaja z odpadno embalažo in poskušali najti učinkovitejše rešitve. Nowadays waste presents a huge ecological problem in the world, because its quantity is increasing year after year. It is very important to collect waste packaging separately. This enables higher reusing and recycling rates. Public services and companies, which are responsible for collecting, reusing, recycling or processing are confronted with different problems. At the beginning theoretical framework will be presented, due to a better understanding of the whole diploma paper as well as Slovenian legislation. The system, which is used in Slovenia and circular economy will also be presented, since they can provide many possible solutions. From the data, which is crucial for the presentation of the results, we will be able to determine the actual situation of what is happening with waste packaging in Slovenia and we will try to find efficient solutions.

S hitrim napredkom, prihodom novih tehnologij in širjenjem ponudb storitev v turizmu, hotelski objekti hitro postanejo zastareli. Za uspeh in sledenje konkurenci ter vzdrževanjem nivoja kakovosti ponudb, se zato slednji pogosto odločajo za rekonstrukcije, renovacije in estetske ažuracije. Hotelski kompleksi navadno obratujejo v točno določenih sezonskih obdobjih (poletje, zima, ...). Časovni okvir izvedbe projekta rekonstrukcije je zato navadno zelo omejen, rok končanja del pa strikten in ne dopušča odstopanj. V diplomski nalogi prikažemo postopek rušenja hotelskega objekta, ki ga analiziramo tako s časovnega kot tudi s stroškovnega vidika. Due to fast progress, implementation of new technologies and expansion of tourist services, it can be observed that the hotels become obsolete in relatively short time. In order ot maintain business performance and keep up with the competition, the hotel management frequently decides to undertake reconstruction or renovation works. Hotel facilities usually operate in pre-determined season periods (summer, winter, …), therefore the timeframe available for completing the reconstruction is extremely limited, with strict deadline and does not allow deviations from the plan. The thesis presents the process of multi storey hotel building demolition. Theoretical background, including relevant legislature, is first presented. The case study – demolition of hotel building - is described. The project is analyzed and optimized, and the results are presented from the viewpoint of costs and time of completion.

Ravnanje z odpadki je eden od ključnih problemov s katerimi se srečujejo skoraj vsa proizvodnja podjetja in eno izmed pomembnih področij varstva okolja. V diplomskem delu je obravnavan praktičen primer ravnanja z odpadki v podjetju Transpak d.o.o.. Podjetje v svoji proizvodnji uporablja različne vrste surovin, med katerimi so tudi take, ki so okolju škodljive. Zaradi možnega negativnega vpliva na okolje je pomembno, da so odpadki do odvoza v center za ravnanje z odpadki ustrezno sortirani in skladiščeni. Pravilno ravnanje z odpadki je imperativ, ki bi ga morali upoštevati vsi zaposleni v podjetju. Da bi dosegli potrebni nivo na tem področju je zaposlene potrebno izobraževati, kako se pravilno ravna z določeno vrsto odpadka, kako je odpadke potrebno ločevati in shranjevati. Obravnavano področje ureja zakonodaja na podlagi katere tudi podjetja morajo imeti svoje pravilnike in interno dokumentacijo podjetja. V pričujoči diplomski nalogi je podan posnetek trenutnega stanja v obravnavanem podjetju Transpak d.o.o.. Na podlagi ugotovljenih dejstev so predstavljene tudi nekatere možne rešitve, ki bi odpravile neustrezno ravnanje z odpadki, ki smo ga zaznali v času, ko smo v tem podjetju opravljali prakso. All the production companies have a problem how to properly deal with waste handling which is one of the most important areas of environmental protection. The diploma thesis discussed the practical example of the waste handling in the company TRANSPAK d.o.o.. In its production the company uses different kinds of raw materials, which include those that are harmful to the environment. Due to the potential negative impact on the environment, it is important that the waste is properly sorted and stored until it is removed to the center for the waste handling. Proper waste handling is imperative, which should be respected by all employees of the company. In order to achieve the necessary level in this area, it is required to educate employees on how to properly treat a certain type of waste, how waste should be separated and stored. The studied area is governed by the law under which the companies must have their own policies and internal documents. In the present diploma thesis is given a snapshot of the current situation in the company Transpak d.o.o.. Consequently, are presented some possible solutions how to eliminate improper waste handling, which was detected in time we performed our practice there.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljeno, kako pomembno je pravilno ravnanje s komunalnimi odpadki za nas in okolje, v katerem živimo. Predstavljeno je tudi, kako pomembno vlogo imata pri vsem tem izobraževanje in ozaveščenost. Z izobraževanjem začnemo že kot otroci, doma, pozneje v šoli in službi, ozavešča pa nas okolje, v katerem živimo s posrednimi ali neposrednimi oblikami ozaveščanja. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na ravnanje s komunalnimi odpadki ter na izobraževanje in ozaveščenost o pravilnem ravnanju s komunalnimi odpadki v občini Logatec. Občina Logatec je le ena od lokalnih skupnosti Slovenije, ki se trudi svojim prebivalcem čim bolj približati temo komunalnih odpadkov in ravnanje z njimi. Glede na statistične podatke in rezultate, ki smo jih dobili z raziskavo, lahko rečemo, da ji uspeva. Ampak vedno se da storiti še več, zato občina Logatec nadaljuje s svojim delom in skozi vse leto na različne načine izobražuje in ozavešča svoje občane. Tudi sami prebivalci občine Logatec so glede na rezultate ankete zadovoljni z delovanjem Komunalnega podjetja Logatec, d. o. o., a so nakazali (glede na rezultate ankete), da si želijo določenih manjših izboljšav, kar nam pove, da so željni pravilnega ravnanja s komunalnimi odpadki. In the thesis entitled »Education and awareness about waste management in municipality Logatec«, is presented how important is the correct disposal of municipal waste and how is that important for the environment that we live in. It is also described how important impact the education and awareness has on waste managament. We start to learn when we are little, at home, school and later at work. With different types of awareness, the environment that we live in aware us all the time. In the present graduate work we focused on waste management, environmental education and awareness in municipality Logatec. Logatec is only one of the local communities of Slovenia that wants to educate and aware their inhabitants about how to work correctly with municipal waste. Depending on the statistic informations and the results that we get with research (survey), we could say that the education and awareness about waste management is working. But there is always something that we can improve, so the municipality of Logatec continues with their work. Citizens of Logatec are depending on survey satisfied with work of their communitiy, but they also expressed that there is some things that could be better, so that show us that the citizens of Logatec wants to learn more about waste management.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljen problem ravnanja z odpadki v Sloveniji. Namen diplomskega dela je preučiti ravnanje z odpadki in ugotoviti v kolikšni meri se pojavlja nezakonito ravnanje z odpadki kot ena od oblik ekološke kriminalitete in kakšne so njene značilnosti. Zabojniki so zadnje čase natrpani in odpadki kar padajo iz njih. Pogosto so to celo odpadki, ki v določenem zabojniku nimajo kaj iskati. Nekateri pa odpadke vržejo v pravilen zabojnik, vendar kaj ko se med papirjem velikokrat znajdejo kar cele škatle, namesto da bi jih razstavili in bi tako zavzele manj prostora. Problematiko smo raziskovali s pomočjo ankete, katero smo dali v reševanje državljanom Republike Slovenije in raziskav narejenih na to tematiko drugih avtorjev. Ugotovili smo, da so ljudje kar dobro ozaveščeni o samem ravnanju z odpadki, vendar se kljub temu pojavljajo odpadki tam kjer se ne bi smeli. Naše mnenje je, da ljudje ne razmišljamo dovolj o posledicah, ki lahko nastanejo, če se ne držimo pravil samega ravnanja. Predlagamo, da bi se kazni za nepravilno ravnanje z odpadki zaostrile, da bi bilo več osveščanja o tej problematiki preko medijev, dobro pa bi bilo tudi, da bi osnovne in srednje šole posvetile več časa tej tematiki, kjer bi osnovnošolce in dijake seznanile s posledicami neprimernega ravnanja z odpadki. This thesis represents the problem with waste handling in Slovenia. The purpose of this thesis is to study waste handling and to find out how many times the illegal waste handling appears and what its features are. This is just one example of ecological crime. In last few years waste containers are so full that the wastes are dropping out of them. In many cases there are wastes in a right containers but in an inappropriate way. For examplethe boxes are ment to be ripped apart in a smaller peaces. In that case we can achieve the maximum capacity of waste containers. We made the research of waste handling with a survey and the research of waste handling of other autors and sources on the internet. The survey was conducted from rezidents of Republic of Slovenia. The research showed us that people are well informed about waste handling but many of them do not care fort he handling rules. In our opinion people are not responsible enough and they are not thinking about the consequences if you do not obey the rules od waste handling. For breaking the rules of waste handling we suggest bigger civil money penalties. Wealso recommend raising awareness of waste handling and separation in schools, media and with learning leaflets at home where it all starts.

Odpadki v današnjem času predstavljajo za človeštvo kar velik problem, saj jih je iz dneva v dan vse več, poleg tega pa nekateri ljudje z njimi ne ravnajo pravilno in jim je vseeno za njihovo ločevanje. V diplomskem delu smo predstavili trenutni pregled stanja v občini Mengeš pri ravnanju z odpadki z anketo ter analizo divjih odlagališč v naselju Topole. Ugotovili smo, da je v občini Mengeš ravnanje s komunalnimi odpadki dobro urejeno ter da so občani dobro obveščeni o ločevanju odpadkov. Rezultati so pokazali, da ima kar 74 odstotkov anketirancev dovolj informacij o ločevanju odpadkov, samo en odstotek ljudi pa meni, da ima informacij premalo. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je v občini Mengeš okoli 45 neočiščenih divjih odlagališč. Podatki kažejo, da je število divjih odlagališč v letu 2010 naraslo, po letu 2012, ko so opravili tudi čistilno akcijo, pa se je število divjih odlagališč zmanjšalo iz 47 na 45 ter tako ostalo nespremenjeno do danes. Tudi analiza divjih odlagališč na primeru naselja Topole je pokazala, da so bila od 10 odlagališč, ki smo jih analizirali, kar štiri očiščena, čeprav so bili v registru o divjih odlagališčih (2013) podatki drugačni. Eden izmed predlaganih ukrepov za preprečitev odlaganja odpadkov na divja odlagališča bi bil opomin ter globa posamezniku za takšno ravnanje. S takšnimi ukrepi bi ljudje začeli razmišljali, kaj se jim bolj izplača – ali plačati visoko globo ali stroške za odvoz odpadkov do zbiralnih centrov. Moramo se zavedati, da so vsi ukrepi zoper odpravo onesnaževanja le začasni, če v vsakem posamezniku ne dozori kultura varovanja okolja iz njemu lastnih notranjih razlogov. Nowadays waste is a big problem for humanity because every day produces more and more new ones. In addition, some people do not treat waste properly they do not separate it. In this dissertation, we present an overview of the current situation of the Mengeš municipality waste management with a survey and analysis of illegal dumpsites in the village of Topole. We came to the conclusion that municipal waste management in the Mengeš municipality is well organized and that the inhabitants are well informed about waste separation. The results showed that as many as 74 percent of respondents have sufficient information on waste separation and only one percent are of the opinion that they lack information. We have also found that the Mengeš municipality has about 45 unclean illegal dumpsites. The data shows that the number of illegal dumpsites in 2010 increased after 2012 when they were cleaned the number of illegal dumpsites decreased from 47 to 45 and remained unchanged until today. In addition, the analysis of illegal dumpsites in the village of Topole showed that from 10 dumpsites, which we had analysed, four were cleaned, even though the data on the illegal dumpsites register (2013) was different. One proposed solution is to warn and fine those who throw waste on illegal dumps for this behaviour. This might start people thinking about what is better for them pay a large fine or costs or go to a collection centre. We must also be aware that all measures against eliminating pollution would only help temporarily unless each individual embraces a mature culture of environmental protection for their own internal reasons.

Ljudje se že vrsto let srečujemo z odpadki. Najbolj je pomembno, kako z njimi ravnamo in kako jih ločujemo. Ločevanje od nas ne zahteva veliko napora, res pa je temu treba nameniti veliko časa in pa pozornosti. Tako lahko vsak pripomore k ohranjanju zdrave narave in okolja. V naši diplomski nalogi smo predstavili, kakšne odpadke sploh poznamo na bencinskih servisih in kakšna je zakonodaja o odpadkih. Vsekakor pa je ravnanje z odpadki odvisno od tega, kako so ljudje ozaveščeni glede ločevanja odpadkov. Ozaveščenost zaposlenih na Petrol-u, Molu in OMV-ju smo preverili z našimi vodenimi intervjuji. V njih smo preverjali, kam zaposleni odlagajo določene vrste odpadkov, kako poznajo delovanje lovilca olj in kako so jim poznani zakoni o odpadkih. Na koncu smo naredili tudi revizijo zabojnika za mešane komunalne odpadke, saj ima z ločevanjem odpadkov v takšen zabojnik veliko zaposlenih težave. Na podlagi ugotovljenih rezultatov smo oblikovali ustrezne predloge in rešitve. People have been facing with the waste for many years. It is very important how to treat it and how to separate it. Separation does not require much effort, but it should be given a lot of time and attention. Doing so everyone can help to maintain a healthy nature and the environment. In our thesis, we presented types of waste at service stations and the waste legislation. However, waste management depends on how people are informed about waste separation. Awareness of employees at Petrol, Mol and OMV has been checked with our guided interviews. Using them, we have examined where the certain types of waste were disposed, how the functioning of the oil trap is known and how the Waste Act is known. At the end we made a revision of the container for mixed municipal waste, because separating waste into this container causes a lot of problems for the employees. Based on the observed results appropriate proposals and solutions have been formed.

V poslovnem in vsakdanjem življenju sodobne družbe so vedno večja težava velike količine raznovrstnih odpadkov. Predvsem zaradi varstva okolja se moramo vse bolj zavedati pomena ločevanja odpadkov. Že ob ogledu ekoloških otokov na ulicah si lahko ustvarimo sliko ozaveščenosti prebivalstva o ločevanju odpadkov. To je še toliko pomembneje v ustanovah, kjer se izvaja zdravstvena dejavnost in poleg nenevarnih odpadkov nastajajo tudi nevarni odpadki. Ločevanje odpadkov iz zdravstva torej zahteva dosledno izvajanje postopkov evidentiranja, embaliranja in pravilnega začasnega skladiščenja za nadaljnje procesiranje odpadkov. To je urejeno z zakonodajo, njihovo kršenje pa zahteva plačilo globe za ustanovo oziroma odgovorno osebo, ki opravlja zdravstveno dejavnost. V diplomskem delu smo obravnavali ločevanje odpadkov iz zdravstva v Splošni bolnišnici Jesenice. Z anketo smo poskušali najti vzroke nepravilnega ločevanja odpadkov iz zdravstva na mestu nastanka in podati rešitev težave. One of the growing problems of today’s modern society is the large quantity of wastes produced at work and in everyday life. Due to protection of the environment we must increase the awareness of the importance of wastes sorting. The sorted recycling bins in the streets for example can give us an image of awareness of population about wastes sorting. The latter is even more important in the health institutions where hazardous and non-hazardous wastes are generated. Sorting of health wastes requires the consistent implementation of the procedures for recording, packaging and proper temporary storage for further processing. Waste sorting is regulated by legislation and the violation may result in payment of fine for responsible person/institutions in health care services. Presented thesis discusses the health wastes sorting on the origin site in General Hospital Jesenice. Based on a survey the thesis tries to identify the causes of improper healthcare wastes sorting and furthermore presents proper solutions to discussed problem.

Ekologija in skrb za naravo je tematika, ki sega na skoraj vsa področja posameznikovega življenja. Pomembno je, da otroke že v zgodnjih letih začnemo ozaveščati o skrbi za okolje in o tem, kako pomembno je to za ohranitev našega planeta. Bodoče generacije je potrebno ozavestiti o pomembnosti ločevanja odpadkov za ohranjanje čiste narave, saj je problematika okolja iz leta v leto večja. Glede na trende vzgoje v zadnjem desetletju se naša družba aktivno ukvarja s tem, da so starši veliko bolj prisotni pri izobraževanju in ozaveščanju otrok pri določenih tematikah, o katerih se še pred 15 leti ni tako aktivno razpravljalo. Današnje stanje družbe pa nas je pripeljalo do tega, da so etika, morala, skrb za drug drugega in ostale vrednote nekako potisnjene na stranski tir, saj je primanjkljaj časa, angažiranosti in konec koncev tudi zanimanja za določene vidike življenja otrok nekako prikrilo osnovne karakteristike otroka, kot je nesebična pomoč drugemu, neizmerna raven energije in zanimanje za vse, kar je novo. In prav zaradi tega bi morali tako starši kot vzgojitelji aktivneje spodbujati, razvijati in podajati otrokom dejanske priložnosti, da tudi sami z določeno aktivnostjo pripomorejo in prispevajo k čistejšemu okolju, zabavnemu recikliranju, spoznavanju vseh možnosti, ki so nam in njim na voljo za ohranjanje okolice in planeta. Starši in vzgojitelji so po našem mnenju moralno zavezani, da predajajo svoje znanje o okoljski vzgoji na svoje potomce oziroma varovance v vrtcih. Pri tem imajo na voljo kar nekaj izjemnih programov, ki so predstavljeni v diplomskem delu, in skladno s tem jim je olajšano delo pri ozaveščanju glede ločevanja odpadkov (npr. pri prikazu recikliranja, ki je za otroke izjemno zabavna veščina), pri ozaveščanju o pomembnosti ohranjanja gozdov in voda ipd. Namen diplomskega dela je bila analiza trenutnega stanja, kar smo izvedli z anketo med slovenskimi družinami s predšolskimi otroki, ki obiskujejo vrtce, vključene v projekt Ekošola/Ekovrtec, čigar namen je izobraževanje in ozaveščanje najmlajših članov družbe o ločevanju odpadkov in o varovanju okolja nasploh. Zanima nas, kako oz. v kolikšni meri otroci v vrtcu pridobljeno znanje dejansko uporabljajo tudi v domačem okolju. Ecology and care for nature is a theme that extends to almost all areas of one's life. It is important that we begin to raise awareness with children from an early age about caring for the environment and how important it is to preserve our planet. Future generations need to be made aware of the importance of waste sorting for the preservation of unspoiled nature, since the environmental problems are increasing from one year to the next. Considering the education trends of the last decade, our society is actively engaged in efforts to involve parents at a much greater level in the education and awareness of children on certain topics which 15 years ago were not even actively discussed. The present state of society has led us to the fact that ethics, morality, caring for each other and other values are somehow sidelined since the deficit of time, commitment and ultimately interest in certain aspects of children's lives somehow concealed the basic characteristics of the child, such as selfless help to others, an unprecedented level of energy and interest in everything new. That is why parents and teachers should actively promote, develop and convey to children real opportunities for them to engage in certain activities by which they can contribute to a cleaner environment, fun recycling, getting to know all the options that we and them have available for the conservation of the environment and the planet. Parents and educators are in our view under a moral obligation to pass on their knowledge on environmental education to their children and pupils in kindergartens. There are quite a few exceptional programs available to them and they are presented in the thesis. These programs make the work to raise awareness of waste sorting much easier, e.g. in view of recycling, which children find a very entertaining skill, in raising awareness of the importance of conservation of forests and water. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the current situation and we will do this by conducting a survey among Slovenian families with pre-school children attending kindergartens involved in the Ekošola/Ekovrtec (Eco School / Eco Kindergarten) project, the purpose of which is to educate and raise awareness of the youngest members of society on waste sorting and environmental protection in general. We wish to determine how and to what extent the knowledge gained at the kindergarten is later applied by the children in their home environment.

V današnjem času se po vsem svetu količina odpadne embalaže vedno veča. Vse več je izdelkov, ki po svoji uporabi niso podvrženi naravnemu procesu razpadanja in pa vse več je okolju nevarnih odpadkov. Ker prostora za odložitev teh odpadkov zmanjkuje, postaja strošek ravnanja z njimi vse večji. Vse družbe za ravnanje z odpadno embalažo ter vsi izvajalci javnih služb skušajo čimbolj usmerjati prebivalce k ločenemu zbiranju. Odgovorno ravnanje z odpadno embalažo je eden ključnih dejavnikov ohranjanja in varovanja okolja. V sedanjem času se količina odpadne embalaže ločeno zbira s pomočjo sistema zbiralnic oz. ekoloških otokov. Vendar s tem sistemom niso zagotovljene možnosti za popolno ločevanje embalaže od mešanih komunalnih odpadkov, tako sedanji sistem povzroča številne okoljske ter finančne težave pri fizičnih osebah, izvajalcih javnih služb ter družbah za ravnanje z odpadno embalažo. Skratka nastajajo številni nepotrebni stroški. Potrebno bi bilo uvesti nov sistem s ciljem preprečevanja nastajanja odpadkov, ločenega zbiranja na mestu nastanka, učinkovitejšim logističnim prevozom in obdelavo odpadkov pred odlaganjem ter tako preprečiti poleg obstoječih stroškov še dodatne stroške transporta in višje stroške končne dispozicije odlaganja odpadne embalaže. Today the quantity of waste packaging has been on the increase all over the world. There are more and more products which are not subjected to the natural process of deterioration after being used. Furthermore, there are even more waste hazardous to the environment. Since there is not enough space for waste collection the costs of waste management are higher. All companies dealing with waste packaging management and all executors of public services are trying to orient inhabitants towards separate collection. Responsible attitude towards waste packaging is one of key elements in preserving and protecting the environment. Nowadays waste packaging is collected separately with the help of collection centre system or ecologic islands. But this system does not provide possibilities for complete separation of packaging from other mixed municipal waste. On the other hand, the existing system causes different environmental and financial troubles for natural persons, executors of public services and companies dealing with waste packaging management. In other words there too many unnecessary costs. It is vital to introduce a new system in order to prevent waste production, introduce separate collection on the site where it is produced, efficient logistic transport and waste treatment before disposal. Only then can we prevent additional costs of transport and higher costs of final disposition of waste packaging disposal.

Družba se danes srečuje z različnimi vprašanji s področja varovanja okolja in ravnanja z odpadki, saj le-ti predstavljajo veliko okoljsko grožnjo. Čeprav je Slovenija majhna država, se srečuje z velikimi problemi na področju ravnanja z odpadki. Problemi se začnejo pri razlikah v ravnanju z odpadki med samimi občinami. Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje je zadolženo za primerno pravno podlago sistema ravnanja z odpadki ter ključnih akterjev v sistemu. Namen je preoblikovati zdajšnji sistem povratne embalaže za pijačo, ki predstavlja velik delež komunalnih odpadkov iz gospodinjstev. Danes je osnovni sistem odpadne embalaže za pijačo vključen v sistem ločenega zbiranja gospodinjskih odpadkov, kjer so vsi materiali embalaže za pijačo združeni v eno – mešano embalažo. Po sortiranju v gospodinjstvu embalažo čaka še eno sortiranje v sortirnih centrih min še le nato jih prevzamejo Družbe za ravnanje z odpadno embalažo (DROE). DROE nadaljujejo s sistemom reciklaže oziroma pravilnega ravnanja z odpadno embalažo. Izjema je tista embalaža v povratnem sistemu, za katerega proizvajalec sam poskrbi primeren reverzni obtok embalaže. Da dosežemo zmanjšanje odpadne embalaže, moramo za to poskrbeti že na izvoru. Sistem, ki ga želimo predstaviti, je kombinacija ravnanja z odpadki ter kavcijskega sistem za pijačo. Kot paralelni sistem bi pomenilo optimalno ravnanje z odpadno embalažo za pijačo. S spletnim vprašalnikom smo prišli do podatkov, da se Slovenci zavedajo problematike kopičenja embalaže ter podpirajo optimiziran sistem sistema za ravnanje z embalažo za pijačo. Today societies handle with various questions about waste management, which are representing the big environmental threat. Even so, that Slovenia is a small country it is facing a major problem regarding the waste management. The problems start with the different systems of waste management, which are basically the same but in the details they do have different approaches. For the uniform systems is responsible the Ministry for agriculture and environment, which is also in charge of fixing out the roles of all key players in the waste packaging chain. The purpose is to redesign the system of reverse packaging system for drink containers, which represent a big proportion in the municipal waste from households. Today the basic system of empty drink containers is integrated into the system of sorting out general household waste. In this system the drink containers end in the packaging waste, although they are made from different material. After sorting, the public service for waste removal collects the waste and sorts it again in the collection centers. Afterwards the packaging materials are stored for company for handling the packaging waste to take them away. These companies continue with the recycling process so that in the end we get the new source for production. Exceptions are those empty drink containers, for which producers set their own refund /return system. To reduce packaging waste from households, the best optimal solution would be reducing the waste at the source. The system we want to introduce is a combination of already known waste management with deposit system for drinks. As a parallel system this would represent an optimal waste handling. We made a survey which showed that Slovenians are ready for changes and charging the deposit which would be refunded it is not a bad idea.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati problematiko ločevanja odpadkov v Mestni občini Ljubljana in preučiti nadzor nad pravilnim ločevanjem odpadkov. Ločevanje odpadkov postaja vedno bolj pomembno, saj mora človeštvo z izčrpavanjem neobnovljivih naravnih virov, vire surovin iskati prav v odpadkih. Z ločevanjem odpadkov, tako podaljšujemo življenjsko dobo surovinam in ohranjamo naš planet čistejši tudi za prihodnje rodove. Z zavedanjem pomembnosti ločevanja odpadkov je ločevanje odpadkov postalo pravno obvezujoče ravnanje v vseh slovenskih gospodinjstvih. Poleg državnih zakonov, ločevanje odpadkov po posameznih občinah urejajo tudi občinski odloki o ravnanju z odpadki. V Mestni občini Ljubljana tako predpisana globa za fizične osebe, ki nepravilno ali pa sploh ne ločujejo odpadkov, znaša do 800 evrov. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika sem zbral podatke o navadah občank in občanov Mestne občine Ljubljana pri ločevanja odpadkov v njihovih gospodinjstvih, kot tudi delež tistih, katerih navade pri ločevanju odpadkov so že bile preverjene s strani inšpekcijske službe. Ugotovil sem, da med anketiranci vlada visoka stopnja ozaveščenosti o pomembnosti pravilnega načina ločevanja odpadkov, še vedno pa jih le razmeroma majhen del ločuje vse vrste odpadkov. Med vsemi anketiranimi pa je le en prejel opomin zaradi nepravilnega ločevanja odpadkov. To nakazuje na prisotnost problematike na področju ločevanja odpadkov in na slabo in premalo pogosto delo službe, ki se ukvarja z nadzorom nad pravilnim ločevanjem odpadkov v Mestni občini Ljubljana. Da pa vendarle ni vse tako slabo, kažejo statistični podatki Evropskega statističnega urada Eurostat. Slovenija proizvede najmanj odpadkov v kilogramih na državljana v Evropi in dobršen del proizvedenih odpadkov tudi reciklira. Žal pa v Sloveniji še vedno prevelik delež odpadkov konča na deponijah, kar nas ne uvršča med razvite države na področju ravnanja z odpadki. The aim of the thesis is to explore the issue of waste separation in the Municipality of Ljubljana, and to examine the effectiveness of household waste separation control. Waste separation is becoming increasingly important as we are exhausting the non-renewable natural resources therefore, waste has become the source for raw materials. Waste separation is prolonging the raw materials lifespan, thus keeping our planet cleaner for future generations. As the awareness of the waste separation importance in Slovenia has increased, it has also become legally binding in all households. In addition to state laws, waste separation is additionally governed by the municipal ordinances on waste management. In the Municipality of Ljubljana, fines up to €800 are prescribed for individuals who incorrectly separate waste or do not do it at all. The waste separation habits of individuals have been explored on the basis of a questionnaire, which also provided the percentage of respondents whose waste separation habits have been inspected by the inspection service. The results showed the respondents are highly aware of the importance of proper waste separation. However, there is still only a small percentage of the respondents who separate all types of waste in their households. Among all respondents, only one received a written warning for improper waste separation. This indicates there is room for improvement in the field of waste separation on the citizens' side as well as on the side of the competent authority in the Municipality of Ljubljana. Data from the European Statistical Office – Eurostat - show that the current situation in Slovenia is quite promising. We produce the least waste in kilograms per capita in Europe, and a significant part of all waste is recycled. But the percentage of waste that ends up in landfill is still too large, which does not place Slovenia among developed countries in the field of waste management.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja ureditev ravnanja s komunalnimi odpadki v Sloveniji in v Občini Ljutomer. Obravnavani so nekateri osnovni pojmi, kot so komunalni odpadki, ravnanje z odpadki, občinske obvezne lokalne gospodarske javne službe, zbirni centri, zbiralnica ločenih frakcij itd. V začetku diplomskega dela je opisano kako je pravno urejeno ravnanje s komunalnimi odpadki v Sloveniji in v nadaljevanju kako v Občini Ljutomer. Natančneje je predstavljeno kako poteka zbiranje, prevoz, predelava in odlaganje komunalnih odpadkov na območju občine Ljutomer v okviru izvajanja javne službe ravnanja s komunalnimi odpadki. Opisani so različni načini zbiranja komunalnih odpadkov in tudi kako pravilno razvrščati odpadke v predpisane posode. Na koncu diplomskega dela so navedeni tudi nekateri statistični podatki nastalih komunalnih odpadkov v občini Ljutomer in na celotnem območju države v različnih obdobjih ter medsebojna primerjava med posameznimi leti glede na količino odpadkov, ki se jih letno zbere. The thesis presents the system of waste management in Slovenia and in the municipality of Ljutomer. The thesis deals with some of the basic concepts, such as communal wastes, treatment of wastes, municipal compulsory local public services, collection centres, collection points for separate fractions etc. The beginning of the thesis describes the legal regulation of waste management in Slovenia and subsequently in the municipality of Ljutomer. It describes in detail the course of collecting, transportation, processing and deposition of communal waste in the municipality of Ljutomer as part of the execution of public services of waste management. I described different methods of communal waste collection as well as how to properly sort waste into specified bins. At the end of the thesis some statistical data of produced communal waste in the municipality of Ljutomer and the entire area of Slovenia in different periods are stated as well as the comparison between the years concerning the quantity of waste collected yearly.

Odpadki so naši vsakdanji spremljevalci. Žal je tako, da se jih ne moremo ogniti, človek pa jih proizvede iz leta v leto več. Komunalna podjetja želijo zmanjšati količino odpadkov na odlagališčih, zato gospodinjstva naprošajo in spodbujajo k ločevanju odpadkov. V diplomski nalogi smo opredelili vrste odpadkov ter si pogledali pravilno razporeditev odpadkov po zabojnikih na ekoloških otokih. Nadaljevali smo s pomenom recikliranja odpadkov ter podrobneje predstavili Komunalno podjetje Kostak, ki je odgovorno za odvoz odpadkov v občini Krško, hkrati pa si pogledali tudi Zbirni center Spodnji Stari Grad in njihovo sortirno linijo odpadkov. Proti koncu diplomske naloge je sledila analiza ankete, katere namen je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so prebivalci Krškega vestni pri ločevanju odpadkov ter ovrednotiti postavljene teze. Ugotovili smo, da se ločevanja odpadkov v občini Krško poslužuje čedalje več gospodinjstev, obenem pa smo navedli tudi nekatere predloge, ki bi to stopnjo ločevanja še povečali. Waste is what is around us all the time. The fact is that we cannot avoid it, on the contrary we produce it more and more every year. In order to reduce waste on dumps municipal companies encourage households to bo involved in waste separation. The diploma thesis introduces types of waste and where it should be placed on ecological islands. Another chapter deals with the purpose of waste recycling and presents the municipal company Kostak which is responsible for waste removal in Krško municipality. There is also a waste collection centre Spodnji Stari Grad with its own sorting line. The last part of the thesis shows the results of the questionnaire in order to find out if the inhabitants of Krško municipality are conscientious when waste is concerned and to evaluate the theses set at the beginning. The results indicate that more and more households in Krško municipality are involved in waste separation. But we have also se some suggestions how to increase the level of separation.

V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge sem se dotaknila pojma socializacija in zakaj so socialne igre pomemben del otrokove socializacije v šoli. Predstavila sem podaljšano bivanje ter cilje, ki jih tam dosegamo. Opisala sem vlogo učitelja in učenca, dejavnosti podaljšanega bivanja in potrebno dokumentacijo. Glavna tema diplomske naloge je bila integriranje ekologije v ustvarjalno preživljanje prostega časa v podaljšanem bivanju, kjer so se izvajale tudi dejavnosti, ki sem jih predstavila v svoji nalogi. Osrednji del diplomske naloge je predstavitev praktičnega dela, ki je potekalo v oddelku podaljšanega bivanja. Z učenci podaljšanega bivanja smo zbirali ter sproti ločevali odpadni material, iz katerega smo v naslednjih urah izdelali različne uporabne stvari. Ob zaključku vsakega dela je sledil preizkus oz. uporaba izdelka, pri čemer so učenci dobili potrditev svoje uspešnosti. Dobili smo povratno informacijo učiteljic razredničark ter zadovoljnih staršev. Ustvarjanje zahteva od otrok veliko natančnosti, ročnih spretnosti, vztrajnosti, medsebojne pomoči in ustvarjalnosti. Otroci so pri delu uživali, svojih izdelkov so se zelo razveseli. In the theoretical part of the diploma paper I have touched on the term socialization and why social games represent an important part of child's socialization in school. I presented the after school care and the goals to achieve there. I described the role of teacher and pupil, after school care activities and the necessary documentation. The main theme of the diploma paper was an integration of ecology into a creative free time at the after school care where the activities presented in the diploma paper have been performed. The main part of the diploma paper is the presentation of the practical work which has been done at the after school care. The pupils were collecting waste materials. These were used for various useful things which the pupils made in the following classes. After each product was finished it was tested whether it can be used. This way the pupils received the confirmation of their success. We got feedback from class teachers and satisfied parents. Creating crafts requires a lot of precision, manual skill, perseverance, mutual help and creativity. The children enjoyed themselves and were very happy about their products.

Diplomsko delo analizira gospodarjenje z odpadki v občini Bosanska Krupa. Prikazano je trenutno stanje ter izpostavljeni problemi. Žal neustrezen način ravnanja z odpadki v tej občini že vpliva na kakovost pitne vode in tudi na zdravje lokalnega prebivalstva. Teoretični del diplomskega dela obravnava pojme, ki definirajo gospodarjenje s komunalnimi odpadki, od načina prevzema do procesiranja in možnosti izrabe odpadkov kot sekundarnih surovin in sekundarnega goriva. Prikazano je trenutno stanje gospodarjenja s komunalnimi odpadki v občini Bosanska Krupa oz. Unsko-sanskem kantonu, kjer se omenjena občina nahaja. V nalogi sta podani analiza stanja in konkretna rešitev. Stanje je analizirano na osnovi obiska komunalnega podjetja v občini ter ankete med lokalnim prebivalstvom. Predlagana rešitev je izvedljiva in bo pozitivna za okolje in s tem za prebivalstvo. The diploma thesis analyzes waste management in the municipality Bosanska Krupa. The thesis shows the present situation and emphasizes the problems. Unfortunately, the inadequate method of waste management in Bosanska Krupa has already had an impact on the quality of drinking water and health of local people. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with terms which define management of municipal waste, including everything from collecting till processing this waste, as well as possibilities of using it as secondary raw materials and secondary fuel. This part illustrates the present situation of municipal waste management in Bosanska Krupa, in the Unsko-sanski canton, where this municipality is located. The thesis presents the analysis and gives a specific solution. The situation was analyzed based on the visit to the municipal company in Bosanska Krupa and the questionnaire provided among the local people. The solution given is realizable and can have positive effects on the environment as well as on the local inhabitants.

V diplomski nalogi sem preučil stanje na področju ravnanja s komunalnimi odpadki iz gospodinjstev v občinah Trebnje, Mokronog-Trebelno in Šentrupert in jih primerjal s strategijami in cilji Operativnega programa odstranjevanja odpadkov s ciljem zmanjšanja količin odloženih biorazgradljivih odpadkov. Prikazan je tak koncept ravnanja s komunalnimi odpadki iz gospodinjstev, ki bo privedel do želenih ciljev, določenih v državnem operativnem programu. The diploma thesis has examined the situation in the field of municipal waste management in households municipalities Trebnje, Mokronog-Trebelno and Šentrupert and compared with the strategies and objectives of the Operational Program of waste disposal with the aim of reducing quantities of biodegradable waste landfilled. Below is such a concept of municipal waste management in households, which will lead to desired objectives set out in the National Operational Program.

Predmet obravnave diplomskega dela je racionalizacija ravnanja z odpadno embalaţo v podjetju X. V podjetju X nastajajo velike količine odpadne embalaţe, ki jo kot zavezanci z druţbo Slopak, d. o. o., ne smemo mešati s komunalni odpadki. Diplomsko delo je usmerjeno k opredelitvi problema, določitvi cilja, namena in poti za reševanje, predpostavkam in omejitvam raziskave ter uporabljenim raziskovalnim metodam. V prvem poglavju so opredeljeni osnovni pojmi o embalaţi in odpadni embalaţi, vloga embalaţe v razvoju trgovine, vpliv embalaţe in odpadne embalaţe na okolje, primerjava uspešnosti posameznih strategij, katerih cilj je zmanjšati količino komunalnih odpadkov, načrt ravnanja z odpadki v podjetju X, delovanje sistema druţbe z odpadno embalaţo Slopak, d. o. o., sporočanje podatkov in vodenje evidence zaposlenega v podjetju X, analiza količin embalaţe, ki smo jo dali na trg, in odpadne embalaţe, ki je bila zbrana na zbirnem mestu v letih 2008 in 2009. Opredeljeni so cilji in način ločevanja odpadne embalaţe na osnovi notranjega navodila poslovanja. V drugem poglavju je opisan posnetek obstoječega stanja mešanih komunalnih odpadkov in odpadne embalaţe v komunalnih zabojnikih sedmih poslovnih enot z oceno strukture, zmanjšanja prostornine in prihranka. V tretjem poglavju je opisan posnetek stanja, ki smo ga opravili v poslovalnicah, kjer smo analizirali rezultat prenove, in v zadnjem poglavju je opredeljena moţnost nadaljnjega razvoja. There are vast amounts of waste material in the X company, which we with society waste packaging Slopak d. o. o. should not mix with municipal waste. A dissertation is guided to defines the problem, establishes a goal, purpose, a way to solve the problem, sets assumptions and limitations to the research and lists used research methods. In the first chapter we define the basic concepts of the packaging and waste, role of packaging within development of trade, influence of packaging and waste packaging on environment, we compare successful of individual strategies, of which goal is to reduce amount urban wastetreatment with waste materials, the companies waste plan Slopak, d. o. o. is activity and data processing with managing personnel. We also mention quantity analysis of products we put on the market and the waste material that was gathered in out yard/gathering location in the years of 2008 and 2009. Possibility of reduction of negative influences of packaging and waste packaging, comparison of successfulness of individual strategies, of which goal is to reduce amount urban waste. Goals and manner of separating of waste packaging, based on internal instruction of business. In the second chapter a photograph that captures the current state of waste material and packaging in the waste containers is described. It is of seven local branches and is graded by structure, lowering the volume and saving. The third chapter consists of a photographs took in the offices and we describe the renovation results. In the last chapter we define options for future development.

V diplomski nalogi želimo predstaviti odpadke in posledično z njimi povezane stroške, ki nastanejo v eni izmed vojašnic Slovenske vojske. Opisali bomo različne vrste odpadkov in njihovo klasifikacijo. Nekateri izmed njih spadajo med nevarne odpadke, zato zahtevajo posebne postopke ločevanja in zbiranja, da z njimi ne obremenjujemo okolja. Raziskali bomo, kako je zbiranje in ločevanje odpadkov pravno urejeno in kako je to na konkretnem primeru aplicirano v praksi. Osredotočili se bomo na problematiko ločevanja odpadkov, ki so se začeli organizirano ločevati šele pred kratkim in so zaradi tega statistični podatki še dokaj skopi. Dobro načrtovano zbiranje, ločevanje in oddajanje odpadkov pripomore k zmanjševnju obremenjevanja okolja in odpadnih voda, kar je zelo pomembno s stališča ekologije. Prav tako je tukaj zelo pomemben tudi ekonomski vidik, saj je z vestnim ločevanjem in recikliranjem mogoče prihraniti precej finančnih sredstev oziroma se izogniti nepotrebnim stroškom ob neupoštevanju določb, ki jih prinaša zakonodaja. Na izbiro teme diplomske naloge je vplivalo delovno okolje, saj se vsakodnevno srečujemo z najrazličnejšimi odpadki in nedavno v prakso vpeljan sistem za njihovo ločevanje. The present work deals with waste and related costs resulting as a consequence in one of the Slovenian army barracks. The diploma describes different sorts of waste and their classification. Some of them are hazardous waste and in order to lessen environmental burden, require special collection and separation procedures. The work investigates the legal regulation of waste collection and separation as well as the actual application in everyday life. The focus is laid on problems of waste separation as the organized form of separating is being used only for a short time and consequently, statistical data are rather stingy. A well planned collection, separation and disposal of waste helps to lessen environmental burden and waste water what is very important from ecological point of view. Likewise, economical viewpoint is of essential importance as conscientious separation and recycling can save many financial means and unnecessary costs related to infringement of provisions laid down by new legislation can be avoided. The subject of diploma was influenced by working environment as we deal with different waste and recently introduced system for their separation every day.