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Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What does ironic language indicate about an emotional state? When we experience negative events, we may produce an ironic comment about our experience to cope. We tested whether using irony indexes less negative emotional states of speakers and listeners compared to literal statements. In addition, we tested whether comments directed at the self (“How clumsy/careful of me!”) lead to a different emotional state compared to statements directed at someone else (“How clumsy/careful of you!”). We found that listeners were rated as feeling more negative and more aroused when a statement was directed at them, whereas for speakers, direction did not matter. Further, self-irony led to lower ratings of negativity in speakers. Our results show that whether or not someone is an addressee of a statement matters for their perceived emotional state, and that self-irony may index down-regulated emotional states.

Depending on the social features of the speaker and the social setting in which they are speaking, the relationship between meaning and context might alter. In order to interpret the meaning from dysarthric speech, this paper proposes a theoretical framework for employing speech-event representations, also known as situational projections. The multi-layered approach has been broken down into four main components: a few-shot learner that builds up speaker familiarity; a situational projection component that marshals natural sentences and the built-up familiarity markers into a vector triple; a contextualizer that builds up ontological concepts of the input triple; and finally, a transducer that assumes the function of a logical listener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition is the property of Global Media Journal, Turkish Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article dwells upon massive open online courses in the professional self-education of health policy makers in the system of continuous training.

This study aims to assess (i) which acoustic characteristics of snoring sounds are associated with the annoying nature of snoring sounds; (ii) whether listeners' heart rates correlate with their perceived annoyance; and (iii) whether perceived annoyance is different between listeners with different experiences with their bedpartners' snoring sounds. Six snoring epochs with distinct acoustic characteristics (viz., reference, high pitch, high intensity, short interval, irregular intensity, and irregular intervals) were collected from snoring patients. Twenty physicians and technicians were involved in the healthcare of snoring patients, and were divided into three groups based on personal experience with their bedpartners' snoring sounds (viz., non-snoring, snoring but not annoying, and snoring and annoying). The test subjects listened to each epoch and rated its level of annoyance. Listeners' heart rates were also recorded during the test using a finger plethysmograph. Within the limitations of this study, it was found that, compared with other snoring sounds, snoring sounds with high intensity and irregularity were associated with higher perceived annoyance. However, higher perceived annoyance of snoring sound was not reflected in heart rate-related parameters. In addition, listeners' personal experiences do not seem to affect their perceived annoyance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are certain traits that differentiate great doctors from good doctors. This article will discuss some of these traits along with tips you can incorporate to go from good to great. By applying these tips, I hope you will enhance your ability to practice medicine and improve your patients' experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital platforms have become a priority in the development of communication, being vital for traditional media to offer a service that allows access to their content at any time, day or place, even allowing them to create a close connection with the public. Radio "La U Online" is a format that appears as the vanguard of digital communication at the University of Guayaquil, based on the academic project of the faculty of social communication. The intention of the communication career is to create this resource for practices pre-professional training of students, interacting with all the academic units of the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The act of speech is a two-way process that involves understanding the speech itself, listening to it, and listening to it. Pragmatics covers all types of speech acts, in particular, urging, asking, threatening, ordering, thanking, demanding, etc., and this article focuses on the analysis of Korean speech acts. More precisely, the expression of this act of speech in the verb "주다", which joins the leading verb and acts as an auxiliary, is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Premier Publishing s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the ‘Classical’ format of the radio. For centenary history of the industry’s development, a wealth of factual material has been accumulated and it needs systematization and conceptualization, however classical music is rarely noticed by media researches. The exception is the formative stage of musical broadcasting with organization of the first symphony’s and opera performances’ broadcasting. Meanwhile, there’s a lot of topics, discussion of which can not only interest theorists, but make a significant practical difference. Particular emphasis should be given to the filling of musical air, analyzation of which will help to identify new horizons of applied musicology and to correct radio stations’ strategies. Even though the radio of classical music outlines trends which are specific for academic art in general, there is a number of specialties arising from the nature of mass-media. Duality like this distinguishes the structure of its program too, the quality of which can not be evaluated without taking into account the functional specific of radio. The work of different broadcast’s filling is based on unified principles in accordance with certain set parameters, which helps to choose from basis and form in playlists the compositions of certain styles, genres, characters, duration, connecting them with the elements of sound design and the hosts’ commentaries. Nevertheless, undeniable artistic merit of the content not only ineffective radio of classical music and don’t give them considerable advantages over competitors, but overshadow it to the end of rating. At the same time behind the imaginary easiness of adhering the FM-standards hides the danger of homogenizing the important characteristics of airing compositions, which calls into question the possible realization the humanitarian mission of the classic radio, including the save of cultural heritage, musical education and creative development. In this situation just technology can’t guarantee the result, so it is important to create multi-level approach to the research of radio’s ‘Classical’ format as a original artistic phenomenon and a effective instrument of cultural policy. Статья посвящена вопросам изучения радио формата Classical. За столетнюю историю развития отрасли накоплен огромный фактологический материал, который нуждается в систематизации и осмыслении. Тем не менее классическая музыка редко попадает в поле зрения исследователей медиа. Исключением является этап становления музыкального вещания с организацией первых трансляций симфонических концертов и оперных спектаклей. Однако существует множество тем, обсуждение которых способно не только заинтересовать теоретиков, но принести ощутимую практическую пользу. Особый акцент должен быть сделан на содержании эфира, анализ которого поможет обозначить новые горизонты прикладного музыковедения и скорректировать стратегические планы радиостанций. Несмотря на то, что радио классической музыки отражает тенденции, характерные для академического искусства в целом, существует ряд особенностей, обусловленных природой средства массовой информации. Подобная двойственность отличает и структуру его программы, качество которой нельзя оценивать без учета функциональной специфики радио. Работа по эфирному наполнению музыкальных радиостанций разных форматов строится по общим принципам в соответствии с заданными параметрами, что позволяет отбирать из базы и объединять в плейлисты сочинения определенных стилей, жанров, характера, длительности, сочленяя их элементами звукового оформления и комментариями ведущих. За мнимой легкостью следования FM-стандартам скрывается опасность нивелирования ценностных характеристик транслируемых сочинений, что не только лишает радио классической музыки ощутимых преимуществ перед конкурентами, но ставит под сомнение саму возможность реализации его гуманитарной миссии, включающей сохранение культурного наследия, музыкальное просвещение и творческое развитие. В этой ситуации голая технология не может гарантировать результат, и потому важно выработать многоуровневый подход к исследованию радио формата Classical, как самобытного художественного явления и действенного инструмента культурной политики.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who live in homes in which the primary language is different than the predominant language in their community need to be able to engage in listener skills in both languages in order to be successful across environments (e.g., school vs. home). Instructional strategies that promote effective acquisition of maximum skills with minimal training are optimal for bilingual children with ASD. The present study evaluated whether teaching listener skills in English while providing instructive feedback in Spanish to three boys with ASD would result in participants displaying the listener skill when presented with the Spanish discriminative stimulus. Participants displayed various levels of transfer from English to Spanish listener responses, with a total of 12 out of the 18 possible transfer targets displayed without direct instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study consisted of a systematic replication of previous research examining the effects of tact and listener instruction on the emergence of native‐to‐foreign (NF) and foreign‐to‐native (FN) intraverbals in children who had experienced difficulties learning to read and write. We assigned different sets of stimuli to tact and listener conditions, and taught 4 children to tact or respond as listeners in a foreign language using a progressive prompt delay with differential reinforcement. All participants mastered tacts and listener responses in the foreign language. For all participants, tact instruction yielded greater emergence of intraverbals compared to listener instruction. Tact instruction also produced all possible bidirectional (NF and FN) intraverbals relations for 3 of 4 participants, but listener instruction never resulted in the emergence of all possible relations. These results replicate previous findings suggesting that tact instruction is a more efficient way to teach a foreign language and extend them to progressive prompt‐delay procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Esferas is the property of Esferas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Language form is affected by many factors. This study is intended to investigate the information distribution in the simple Persian marked and unmarked structures. Information structure deals with how old (evoked) and new information are distributed in the sentences of a text. The present study is aimed at investigating the information structure of Pre-posed constituents of Persian simple sentences. Grammatical role and syntactic category of the pre-posed constituents were, also, investigated. To achieve the goals, a corpus including 226 simple sentences from a football match between Real Madrid and Juventus was investigated to analyze the information status of pre-posed constituents. The collected sentences were all simple (marked and unmarked) sentences. Prince (1992), Ward and Birner (2004) and Birner (2013) were referred to frequently as theoretical model of this study. After collecting the data, they were codified and analyzed employing SPSS software version 23. Findings revealed that most of the pre-posed constituents were old (evoked or inferential) in terms of discourse, while new in listeners' view. As far as grammatical role is concerned, indirect objects were found to be pre-posed more than other grammatical roles. Finally, in terms of syntactic categories, the pre-posed constituents were found to be mainly noun phrases and prepositional phrases.

Communicative difficulties of a speaker as a specific issue of dialogical interaction This article is dedicated to the description and classification of difficulties arising at the first stage of dialogic interaction. They represent an extremely complex, variable and ambiguously interpreted class of communicative phenomena that can be systematized based on criteria such as speech generation level, situational or sustainable nature, linguistic or pragmatic causes of occurrence and formal indicators.

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines the sonic experiences of the listener in digital environments by using a Bluetooth speaker as an example. It discusses how the everyday use of a speaker highlights human beings' material and multi-sensory situatedness in digital environments. Based on the analytical approaches concerning embodiment, movement, and infrastructures, the paper aims to develop further the idea of musicking in everyday life contexts. It suggests that in addition to the social importance of music, the material approach to musicking reveals new political and ethical questions, especially those concerning the power of code and planetary sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to discuss the listener's participation on the radio and present it as a way of contract, in other words, as an intersubjective relationship that brings media and audience closer. Based on the methodological framework of French Semiotics, we suggest this approach from a specific case, Debates do Povo. Driven by O Povo/CBN radio station, between Monday and Friday, the show frequently invites the audience to participate in its subjects. It is concluded that it is up to the media to build participation under positive values, as it is based on persuasion and epistemic judgement. In this process, the listener takes an important place of choice, making the relationship less automatic and more complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the peculiarities of interpretation as a unique phenomenon of musical art in the context of the specifics of sound recording. Methodology. The method of culturalhistorical analysis was applied, which contributed to the consideration of the process of development and transformation of interpretation in musical art, and also helped to trace the specifics of the evolution of the art of sound recording; the comparative method, thanks to which the features of the interpretation of a piece of music by the performer, sound engineer and listener are revealed; philosophical, cultural and art history methods of analysis, which contributed to the identification of cause-and-effect relationships and regularities in the functioning of the peculiarities of musical interpretation in the art of sound recording, its consideration, and understanding in the unity of all elements, the reproduction of the context of the socio-cultural space in which this phenomenon developed. Scientific novelty. The musical interpretation is investigated in the context of the specifics of the art of sound recording; the influence of postmodern tendencies on the formation of a new paradigm of interpretation of recorded musical work is revealed; the problem of interpretation in the art of sound recording is characterized at the level of performing an interpretation of a musical work, its fixation as an important semantic process that generates new cultural meanings and sound engineering activities. Conclusions. The study revealed that in the context of the art of sound recording, musical interpretation manifests itself on several levels, since in a recorded musical work, as a material object that is accessible to the senses "in infinite variability of reading" (according to J. Derrida), through the prism of the personality of the author of the musical work, the performer and sound engineer embody ideas about reality, and artistic information encoded and decoded by them takes on its final form only in the mind of the listener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Information Technology is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose of the article. To reveal the peculiarities of the communicative process in the «composer – listener» link in the choral activity. Methodology. The principles of cognition, reflected in the systematic, knowledge-based, performing approaches constitute the theoretical and methodological basis of the article, the combination of which allows identifying the most problematic aspects of the phenomenon of communication in choral performance, namely in the interaction of its main participants: a composer, a conductor, choir, listeners in particular. Scientific novelty. The article describes important signs of the conductor’s communication with the choir in the following links: composer-conductor, conductor – choral work, conductor – choir, conductor – listener; the role of a conductor – the main subject of communication, ensuring the information exchange between its participants. Conclusions. Based on the study of theoretical sources and generalization of hands-on experience, the main aspects of communication in choral performance were identified, taking into account the key task of the conductor: skillful, accurate, convincing «reading» of the score, the study and sounding of which requires general and musical knowledge, psychological and pedagogical competence, conductor’s abilities and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of narration and listening conditions in autobiographical memory of a staged event. Eighty young adults were recruited for the present research. First, they were interviewed on current issues (staged event). Second, they were asked to complete a memory questionnaire about the content of the interview. Then, they were assigned to three retrieval conditions: narration to an empathic listener, narration to a detached listener, and retrieving thinking silently about the event. Finally, 1 week later, the participants were asked to complete the memory questionnaire again to assess the influence of narration and listening conditions on memory. The results show that the experimental conditions significantly influenced the memory trend for a staged event. The emphatic listening condition promoted memory significantly more than did the other two conditions. The authors interpret these results in terms of the theory of narrativization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how podcasting presents national communities within the temporality of public circulation. It uses the NPR Politics Podcast as a case study, arguing that it presents two forms of imagined nationality that can be seen in podcasting in general. One form works along the lines of the punctual circulation of media released regularly and professionally into the public sphere. The other emphasizes media accessibility and the present moment, creating a sense of continual connection with the national public. These two representations work alongside each other within podcasting, complicating a clear division between national communities imagined through "new" and "old" media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effects of listener training on the emergence of analogical reasoning, as measured via equivalence‐equivalence and explored the role of verbal behavior when solving analogy‐type tasks. We taught 18 college students to select component stimuli from 2 classes, labeled "vek" and "zog," and evaluated tacts and relational responding in the presence of baseline (AB and BC), symmetry (BA and CB), and transitivity (AC and CA) compounds. In Experiment 1, 5 out of 6 participants passed analogy tests, but none of them engaged in the relational tacts "same" and "different" during tact tests, possibly due to lack of instructional control. A change in instructions during Experiment 2 produced relational tacts in 4 of 6 participants, and 5 participants passed analogy tests. In Experiment 3, we implemented a talk‐aloud procedure to determine if the participants were emitting relational tacts during analogy tests. All 6 participants tacted stimuli relationally and engaged in problem‐solving statements to solve analogy tests. Results from these studies suggest that listener and speaker behavior in the form of relational tacts and other problem‐solving statements influenced the participants' equivalence–equivalence performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the problem of the role of language in autobiographical memory, that is barely considered in studies on autobiographical memories and narratives. As a matter of fact, most of the current studies on autobiographical memory confounded memory and narrative together. The present paper focuses on two main issues. Firstly, it debates how narratives contribute to the construction of autobiographical memories through self-other communication. Secondly, it reflects on how language and communication should be manipulated in studies about autobiographical memory. This paper is made of three sections: the first section discusses the role of language, particularly in the form of narrative, as a social tool by which autobiographical memories can be organised in a life story; the second section examines previous methods of investigation used in the study of autobiographical memories; finally, the third section proposes different methodological alternatives to overcome the problems emerging from our analysis of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is a transcript of the act of being a witness. By this expression, we mean to be found in the background of the life section where the verbal narratives of the everyday life of a life that is not ordinary, or the verbal narratives in a moment, which increases the value of existence with the thinking and speaking characteristics compared to all creatures, leaving behind the identity of the researcher. When individuals come together and form the plural, we see that they form a huge one paradoxically in every moment of the communication they establish with each other in the environment. We can call this unity a common cultural memory. In other words, people coming together on the ground of time and space are connected to each other as a result of their words and actions such as the rings of the chain for certain functions and purposes related to life; as well as focusing on the conceptual value of the word art, they also perform oral art as they come from their hearts and are cast from their languages without falling into the scope of definition. This gives us the understanding that ordinary everyday lives are not ordinary and that they can perform ores as art, which can reflect the whole / common cultural memory at any moment. In this regard, we have examined two examples of narratives that the two narrators quoted in an instant of their daily lives, within the framework of the reasons for the narrators to begin their narratives. In a sense, this is an effort to get to know our people and society in their naturalness and to introduce them to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)