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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder related to lipid metabolism affecting skeletal muscle. The first cases of CPT II deficiency causing myopathy were reported in 1973. In 1983, Werneck et al published the first two Brazilian patients with myopathy due to CPT II deficiency, where the biochemical analysis confirmed deficient CPT activity in the muscle of both cases. Over the past 40 years since the pioneering publication, clinical phenotypes and genetic loci in the CPT2 gene have been described, and pathogenic mechanisms have been better elucidated. Genetic analysis of one of the original cases disclosed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (p.Ser113Leu/p.Pro50His) in the CPT2 gene. Our report highlights the historical aspects of the first Brazilian publication of the myopathic form of CPT II deficiency and updates the genetic background of this pioneering publication.

Objetivo: definir a ação do licopeno sob CT, HDL, LDL e TG e analisar quais dosagens suficientes que apresentam efeito positivo nos marcadores metabólicos. Metodologia: A investigação foi baseada no efeito dos produtos contendo licopeno e seu efeito nos marcadores metabólicos séricos de Colesterol total, LDL, HDL e Triglicerídeos. Para análise de estudos in vivo foram incluídos estudos que preenchiam critérios de intervenção com delineamento controlado, dieta ou manipulado controlado por placebo cruzado ou paralelo, ensaio clínico randomizado com dosagem padronizada de licopeno no tratamento e grupo controle e intervenção 2≤ semanas que avaliaram colesterol total, HDL, LDL e triglicerídeos. Resultados: Foi visto que o licopeno apresenta importante atuação sobre marcadores metabólicos isto devido a sua capacidade de reduzir o mecanismo de HMG-Coa redutase, diminuindo a síntese de colesterol e sua capacidade antioxidante sob LDL. O licopeno também modulou a atividade de PPAR e LXR, modulando ação de ABCA1, Apoa1 e caveolinas melhorando a síntese de HDL e efluxo de colesterol. As dosagens com efeito positivo de colesterol variam, mas ficam em torno de 26,5 mg de licopeno por dia, relatado em estudos in vivo com suplementação de colesterol. Conclusão: A revisão sugere a eficácia do licopeno na redução de marcadores metabólicos, reduzindo assim riscos de doenças ateroscleróticas.

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Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive technique used to reduce localized body fat mass. The changes in fat percentage have been assessed by many analytical methods, including bioelectrical impedance analysis. The most common effects of cryolipolysis on reducing subcutaneous fat tissue have been addressed but potential changes in biochemical and hematological biomarkers have been not safely approached. This study investigates potential changes in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers following the reduction of body fat mass. A prospective longitudinal approach included a total of 20 participants divided into groups of 5 men and women in each with ages between 25 and 45 years. They were submitted to standard cooling exposure for 60 minutes at -5°C and -10°C with 360° and "shielded" equipment, respectively. The blood samples were analyzed at times T0 (baseline), T1 (2 days), T2 (14 days), T3 (30 days) and T4 (60 days) after the procedure. The percentage of body fat mass were analyzed by bioimpedance at times T0 (baseline), T1(30 days), T2 (60 days), T3 (90 days) and T4 (120 days). No changes in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers serum levels were observed in both temperatures. Bioimpedance analysis revealed a reduction in the percentage of body fat mass only in men, with a decrease of 28 (24.5/29.9) compared to 30 (26.2/33.30) when submitted to -5°C after 120 days. These findings support that cryolipolysis can be considered an effective and safe method for localized body fat reduction without significant changes in blood biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Fundamento A aterosclerose é a principal causa da maioria das doenças cardiovasculares, e novos biomarcadores para essa condição são sempre necessários. O domínio da peptidase M20 contendo 1 (PM20D1) está associado ao metabolismo lipídico e à obesidade. No entanto, nenhum estudo se concentra no papel do PM20D1 na aterosclerose carotídea. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel do PM20D1 em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea. Métodos Estudo observacional prospectivo conduzido com um total de 231 pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea que estiveram em nosso departamento entre julho de 2018 e dezembro de 2019. Amostras de sangue e dados médicas foram obtidos de outros 231 indivíduos saudáveis com o mesmo índice de massa corporal (IMC) dos pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea. O PM20D1 sérico foi determinado por ensaio imunossorvente ligado a enzima (ELISA). As características clínicas e demográficas de todos os pacientes foram listadas, incluindo idade, sexo biológico, IMC e histórico médico. Os níveis de proteína C reativa (PCR), fator de necrose tumoral, homocisteína, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, leptina-colesterol de alta densidade e leptina-colesterol de baixa densidade foram registrados. Realizou-se análise estatística no software SPSS, com p

Resumo Fundamento A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e de outros distúrbios metabólicos tem aumentado em indivíduos jovens. Entretanto, não há estudos representativos sobre esse assunto com a população do Distrito Federal (DF). Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de HAS e a sua associação com parâmetros lipídicos, glicídicos e de adiposidade em adolescentes do DF. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal com participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). Foram avaliados pressão arterial, glicemia sanguínea, hemoglobina glicada, insulina, modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR), triglicerídeos, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e perímetro da cintura, além de variáveis econômicas, demográficas e de maturação sexual. A análise de dados foi feita no software Stata e foi dividida nas seguintes etapas: análises descritiva, bruta e ajustada. Considerou-se p < 0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos 1.200 adolescentes com média de idade de 14,8 anos. A prevalência de HAS foi de 8% (intervalo de confiança de 95%: 6,3; 9,9). A maioria dos parâmetros se associou com a PA na análise bruta; na ajustada, os parâmetros glicídicos, lipídicos e de adiposidade mantiveram a associação, tendo IMC e HOMA-IR a maior magnitude na relação. Conclusão O estudo revelou elevada prevalência de HAS em adolescentes do DF, e os níveis pressóricos apresentaram-se associados a outros marcadores de perfil lipídico, glicídico e de adiposidade, evidenciando a relevância da vigilância em saúde para o planejamento de ações efetivas para a reversão do quadro e prevenção de novos casos.

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Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: there is a recent increase in interest in the use of medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants. Objective: to verify the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of fruits of two species of the genus Syzygium, on glucose and lipid levels in the blood, using animal models. Results: the bark extract of the seeds of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels proved to be effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This same extract was also effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels. The extract from the seed nuclei of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and S. paniculatum (Gaertn) were effective in reducing blood triglyceride levels. Extracts from all parts of the fruits of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and of the seed nuclei of S. paniculatum (Gaertn) prevented weight gain in the animals. Conclusion: in general, the seed extract of both species showed a direct influence on the parameters and characteristics under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apesar da importância de proteínas (PTN), lipídios (LIP) e Cálcio (Ca) no desenvolvimento de recém-nascidos algumas lacunas acerca das possíveis diferenças no leite de genitoras a termo (LMAT) comparado ao leite de genitoras pré-termo (LMPT) precisam ser elucidadas. É objetivo deste estudo caracterizar adaptações fisiológicas e nutricionais comparando o LMAT com o LMPT, especificamente em relação às PTN, LIP ou Ca. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa nas bases Google Acadêmico e PubMed, no período de 2004 a 2020, com idiomas em português e inglês. Foram critérios de inclusão: artigos e teses que discutiam a composição nutricional do leite considerando teor de LIP, PTN ou Ca. Para a realização da pesquisa os seguintes termos livres foram relacionados: Leite materno, pré-termo, a termo, proteína, lipídeos e cálcio. Em conclusão, o conjunto de estudos demonstra haver variação no conteúdo de PTN e LIP quando se compara o LMPT ao LMAT, o que ocorre possivelmente pela necessidade diferenciada dos bebês para cada situação. Adicionalmente, verifica-se carência de Ca no LMPT, o que não atende as necessidades nutricionais de prematuros. Estes dados permitem a particularização para o aleitamento materno exclusivo e a compreensão das especificidades fisiológicas e nutricionais nestas diferentes condições de gestação.

Resumo Um dos grandes desafios do desenvolvimento de produtos com baixos teores de gordura é manter suas características sensoriais. A polidextrose pode ser utilizada como um substituto de gordura, sem causar grandes alterações no produto final. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas, propriedades nutricionais e investigar o potencial de aceitação de pães de queijo formulados com polidextrose. Foram elaboradas 4 formulações: formulação 1 (sem substituição de óleo por polidextrose); formulações 2, 3 e 4 (contendo diferentes concentrações de substituição de óleo e polidextrose). Participaram da avaliação sensorial 100 provadores não treinados, de 18 a 62 anos. Nas análises físico-químicas foram determinados os teores de água, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, textura, volume específico e cor, sendo realizado cálculo teórico para quantificação de carboidratos (por diferença) e fibras. Os resultados demonstraram que nos atributos avaliados as formulações obtiveram aceitabilidade superior a 70%, exceto o atributo intenção de compra da formulação padrão. Foi observado que o desenvolvimento de formulações contendo 4% de polidextrose apresentaram textura semelhante à formulação padrão. Assim, a adição de polidextrose em pães de queijo permitiu a obtenção de produtos com menores teores de lipídeos, maior teor de fibras, boa aceitação sensorial e características tecnológicas semelhantes ao padrão, indicando seu potencial de comercialização.

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Atualmente já são amplamente documentados os benefícios que a ingestão de ácidos graxos polinsaturados proporcionam à saúde humana, principalmente ácidos graxos da série ômega-3. Entretanto, o baixo consumo de alimentos fontes destes nutrientes, principalmente na população ocidental, tem sido associado à distúrbios cardiovasculares, comprometimento em relação a formação de tecido nervoso, cerebral e ao desenvolvimento da visão. No intuito de aumentar a disponibilidade de alimentos que sejam fontes destes nutrientes à população, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas visando o enriquecimento de ovos, visto que, são fonte de proteínas, gorduras e micronutrientes que desempenham papel importante na nutrição humana além disso diversos trabalhos tem mostrado que é possível alterar a composição dos ovosa partir da manipulação das dietas das poedeiras. O presente artigo de revisão é proposto visando caracterizar o cenário atual sobre o enriquecimento de ovos com ácidos graxos da série ômega-3, através de diversas fontes de alimentos utilizadas na dieta das aves, bem como seus impactos na nutrição humana.

Lophiosilurus alexandri is a carnivorous freshwater fish endemic of São Francisco basin and an endangered species. In this study, we analysed the chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash and lipid), fatty acid profile, and nutritional quality (atherogenic index, thrombogenecity index, ratio between hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids and ω6/ω3 = ratio) of L. alexandri in lotic (river), lentic (hydroelectric dams) environments, under natural fed, and in laboratory controlled conditions fed with commercial diets. Cultured and lentic fish had significantly higher lipid levels (1.5 and 1.9- fold, respectively) than lotic fish. Lentic L. alexandri had significantly higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels (4×) than cultured or lotic L. alexandri. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were the highest in lentic fish, followed by lotic fish. Lentic fish had greater proportion of fatty acid ω6/ω3 than lotic or cultured fish. The results of this study showed that L. alexandri is a lean fish (1-2% of total lipids) and that the environment has a great influence on the fatty acid profile. These results may be a reference for further studies, primarily as a source of information for conservation L. alexandri through restocking and the development of commercial projects of aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT Information about the morphology, chemical composition and reserve mobilization is important in understanding the establishment of native and exotic species. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology, chemical composition, and mobilization of reserves during germination of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Biometric and morphological analyzes were performed with 100 randomly selected dried seeds. Other seeds were treated with sulfuric acid PA and soaked in Petri dishes. Collected seeds of five different times of germination were used for cytochemical and chemical analysis. For cytochemical analysis, the cuts of 5μm were submitted to dyes TB at pH 4.0; XP at pH 2.5, reaction of PAS and Sudan IV. The seeds were crushed for chemical analysis with lipids, proteins and soluble sugars extraction that were determined gravimetrically, by the Bradford method and the Antrona method, respectively. The fatty acid composition of the dry seed was determined by gas chromatography. Noni seeds are albuminous and have a thick seed coat, rich in lignin. Lipid and protein bodies were observed inside the endosperm cells, representing 43.50% and 9.15% respectively, while the reservoir of soluble sugars was less than 5%. Linoleic acid was the most prevalent with 68.1%. The lipids were mobilized during germination, suffering a reduction of up to 38% of its total. Proteins, as well as lipids decreased by 25.78% during the germination period observed. The main reserves of noni seeds are lipids and proteins that are mobilized during germination to provide energy and matter to the developing embryo and synthesis of more complex compounds.

Objetivo: Analisar os teores de gordura total, saturada, monoinsaturada, poli-insaturada e trans de empanadas comercializadas em cantinas escolares e comparar com a rotulagem nutricional. Método: Analisaram-se 14 empanadas dos sabores frango, frango com requeijão, quatro queijos e calabresa, comercializadas em cantinas escolares do Centro de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os lipídios totais foram analisados via extração por Soxlethe; o perfil de ácidos graxos foi avaliado por cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com as informações nutricionais dos rótulos. Resultados: Todas as amostras apresentaram rotulagem nutricional obrigatória, mas com alguma irregularidade (especialmente com relação à gordura trans), segundo a legislação. A gordura vegetal hidrogenada, fonte de trans, foi a mais citada na lista de ingredientes. Os resultados das análises mostraram teores (g/porção de 40 g) de: gordura total variando de 2,7 a 6,4; saturada de 0,61 a 2,9; monoinsaturada de 0,82 a 2,5; poli-insaturada de 0,33 a 0,84 e trans de 0,51 a 2,1. Das nove amostras que declararam ter zero trans na porção, todas possuíam teores acima de 0,2g/porção, limite permitido para ser considerado zero trans. Conclusão: As empanadas analisadas apresentaram inconformidades na rotulagem nutricional, as quais prejudicam a escolha saudável de alimentos. Além disso, apresentaram quantidades elevadas de gordura trans e baixo percentual de poli-insaturada, apontando inadequação das gorduras presentes nesses alimentos. Esses resultados servem de alerta sobre a qualidade nutricional de alimentos liberados para comercialização em cantinas escolares. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.16167

ABSTRACT: Objective: To examine relations between fatty acids intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status among overweight and obese women (n = 223). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The physical and laboratory tests included anthropometry, body composition evaluation and measurements of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulinemia and lipid profiles. A three-day food diary was used to evaluate fatty acids consumption. Statistical analysis included χ2 test and odds ratio measurements. Results: The women had 35.2 (6.9) years old and 15.2% presented MetS. Women with MetS presented higher serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin in addition to higher diastolic blood pressure in comparison to women without MetS. Overweight women with MetS consumed higher amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids - 24.3 g (24.7 - 36.4) versus overweight women without MetS - 23.9 g (23.8 - 26.8), polyunsaturated fatty acids - 16.7 g (14.6 - 21.1) versus overweight women without MetS - 13.6 g (13.8 - 15.8) and linoleic fatty acids - 15.9 g (6.5) versus overweight women without MetS - 13.1 g (5.1). Among obese women with MetS, higher intake of linoleic fatty acids was also noted - 17.6 g (6.1) versus obese women without MetS - 14.3 g (6.6) in addition to higher consumption of trans fatty acids - 4.7 g (4.8 - 6.3) versus obese women without MetS - 3.9 g (2.9 - 4.6). Increased quartiles of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, linoleic and trans fatty acid intake were significantly associated with a greater occurrence of MetS. Conclusion: Lipid intake may be related to MetS, although other factors also need to be considered, such as lifestyle, genetics and metabolism.

BackgroundIn cirrhosis the production of cholesterol and lipoproteins is altered.ObjectiveEvaluate the lipid profile by measuring total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in patients with cirrhosis caused by alcoholism and/or hepatitis C virus infection and determine its association with Child-Pugh and MELD scores.MethodsCross-sectional retrospective study of patients treated at the outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 2006 to 2010.ResultsIn total, 314 records were reviewed, and 153 (48.7%) met the inclusion criteria, of which 82 (53.6%) had cirrhosis that was due to hepatitis C virus infection, 50 (32.7%) were due to alcoholism, and 21 (13.7%) were due to alcoholism and hepatitis C virus infection. The total cholesterol levels diminished with a Child-Pugh progression (P20 was associated with lower total cholesterol levels (

This study aimed at analyzing the energetic substrate (ES) in the main storage tissues of Steindachneridion parahybae, throughout the reproductive cycle in captivity. Differently from wild, in captivity, feeding is not interrupted during the reproductive period, the females do not spawn spontaneously, and they are sedentary. Adult females were sampled monthly and based on their histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovaries were classified into: previtellogenic (PRV), vitellogenic (VTG), and regression (REG) stages. Ovaries at the VTG stage showed higher protein and lipids levels than at the PRV stage with a positive correlation between these substrates and the GSI. Muscle was the main source of proteins transferred to the ovaries, according to the negative correlation between these organs. Lipids remained unchanged in the liver, which is an important supplier in vitellogenesis, a pattern that probably occurs due to the continuous feeding. Muscular glycogen levels were higher at the VTG and REG than at the PRV stages. Plasma triglycerides were also higher during REG, while glucose levels were more elevated during the VTG stage. These results suggest that with constant food supply, the pattern of deposition of ES in S. parahybae is different from that described for other wild potamodromous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary intake of fiber present in banana peel and stalk on the blood glucose and lipid profiles of Wistar rats. Methodology: This research was conducted for 65 days to study the influence of diets containing fiber from banana peel (PGF), banana stalks (SFG) and both types of fiber (PSFG), as compared with the control diet (CG), on the glycemic and lipid profile of 24 male Wistar rats, with a mean initial weight of 54.06 g, distributed equally into four groups. The control group (CG) received the AIN diet plus 1% crystalline cholesterol and 0.1% colic acid and the experimental diets were similar to the control group, except for substitution of the fiber source. Results: In the treatment groups (PFG, SFG and PSFG), there was an increase in glycemic, triglyceride and serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared with the control group (CG). The levels of VLDL-C were reduced only in the group containing fibers from the peel. Conclusions: Inclusion of dietary fiber from banana peels and stalks, as well as the mixture of both types of fiber, showed effectiveness of use on the lipid profile and the ability to maintain the blood glucose levels of rats fed on diets containing fiber from the peel and the stalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to advances in recent decades in maternalfoetal and neonatal medicine, a greater survival of preterm infants with progressively smaller birth weight and gestational age is observed, increasing the risk of future morbidities on those infants. Among these morbidities, alterations in growth and metabolism are found. Objective: To analyze the evolution of the growth and the metabolic profile of preterm infants' cohort from birth at six months of corrected age (CA). Methods: A descriptive and prospective study with a sample of 107 mothers and 115 preterm infants at birth and 72 preterm infants and 68 mothers at the end of followup. Growth (body weight, height, cephalic perimeter) was evaluated at six time points. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin of premature infants were assessed during three periods, from birth to 6 months of CA. Comparative analysis of the initial sample and the sample that finished the follow-up was used in chi-square family tests. To Evaluate the growth over the 6-month period by using repeated measurements. Results: Sociodemographic variables and maternal biochemical profile without statistical differences in the comparison of the mothers of the initial sample with those who completed the follow-up. Linear growth of preterm infants at six months of CA, however without recovery of growth. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (birth = 48.1, 6 months = 151.1) and cholesterol (birth = 82.7, 6 months = 139.9) increased during the evaluations. Glycaemia remained stable (birth 80.4, 6 months = 83.3) and insulin decreased from 11.0 to 4.2. Conclusion: Growth of preterm infants, although linear, was lower than expected for age. Lipid profiles presented an ascending curve from birth onward. Therefore, this group is prone to delayed growth and to developing cardiovascular changes throughout life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyslipidemia is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and statins have been effective in controlling lipid levels. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of statins contribute to interindividual variations in drug efficacy and toxicity. Objective: To evaluate the presence of sexual dimorphism in the efficacy and safety of simvastatin/atorvastatin treatment. Methods: Lipid levels of 495 patients (331 women and 164 men) were measured at baseline and after 6 ± 3 months of simvastatin/atorvastatin treatment to assess the efficacy and safety profiles of both drugs. Results: Women had higher baseline levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with men (p < 0.0001). After treatment, women exhibited a greater decrease in plasma TC and LDL-C levels compared with men. After adjustment for covariates, baseline levels of TC and LDL-C influenced more than 30% of the efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy (p < 0.001), regardless of sex. Myalgia [with or without changes in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels] occurred more frequently in women (25.9%; p = 0.002), whereas an increase in CPK and/or abnormal liver function was more frequent in in men (17.9%; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Our results show that baseline TC and LDL-C levels are the main predictors of simvastatin/atorvastatin therapy efficacy, regardless of sex. In addition, they suggest the presence of sexual dimorphism in the safety of simvastatin/atorvastatin. The effect of sex differences on receptors, transporter proteins, and gene expression pathways needs to be better evaluated and characterized to confirm these observations.

O abacateiro é cultivado em algumas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Seus frutos podem ser aproveitados de várias formas, utilizados ao natural ou na indústria de cosméticos, além da possibilidade de uso de seu óleo como fonte alternativa de biocombustível. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fenológicas e físicoquímicas das variedades de abacateiros, visando a identificar variedades promissoras para Carmo da Cachoeira, Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi realizado durante os ciclos reprodutivos de 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. As variedades avaliadas foram: 'Breda', 'Fortuna', 'Fuerte', 'Hass', 'Margarida', 'Ouro Verde' e 'Quintal'. Foram avaliadas as características fenológicas (início das brotações, início da floração, plena floração, final de floração e período de duração da floração, início da frutificação, início e final da colheita e tempo de colheita). As análises físicas e químicas incluíram: diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, percentagens de polpa, casca e caroço em relação à massa total, composição centesimal (lipídeos e umidade). Para as avaliações fenológicas, foram marcadas ao acaso seis plantas de cada variedade. Para as análises físico-químicas, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com sete tratamentos (variedades), seis repetições, com seis frutos por parcela. Concluiu-se que, em relação à fenologia, todas as variedades floresceram de maneira satisfatória na região estudada. As variedades 'Fortuna', 'Quintal' destacaram-se para o consumo in natura, para o mercado interno, por apresentarem características desejáveis para o consumidor brasileiro. As variedades 'Hass' e 'Fuerte' apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto ao teor de óleo na polpa, destacando-se como as mais promissoras para a extração de óleo.

Introdução: a banana, quando verde, apresenta uma elevada concentração de amido resistente (AR), que resiste à digestão no intestino delgado, é fermentado no intestino grosso e possivelmente proporciona uma série de efeitos benéficos à saúde. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da farinha de banana verde sobre peso corporal, consumo alimentar, excreção fecal e perfil lipídico e glicídico de ratos. Material e Métodos: utilizaram-se 18 ratos adultos da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em três grupos experimentais, que receberam, por um período de 28 dias, ração controle (GC), ração com adição de amido resistente comercial (GAR) e com acréscimo de farinha de banana verde (GFBV), ambas com 15% de amido resistente (AR). Foram observados, três vezes por semana, ingestão alimentar, peso corporal e fecal e, no final do experimento a glicemia e o perfil lipídico. Para comparação das médias das variáveis dependentes foram realizadas Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: o consumo alimentar médio foi semelhante entre os grupos. O GFBV apresentou perda de peso superior aos demais. Em todas as semanas de experimento, as médias de excreção fecal do GFBV foram superiores aos GC e GAR. Não houve diferença significativa nos valores médios de glicemia e de lipídios plasmáticos. Conclusão: a adição de farinha de banana verde a 15% de AR à dieta influenciou nos pesos corporal e fecal dos animais, sem alteração significativa nas concentrações de glicose e lipídios plasmáticos.

Introdução: As gorduras e o sódio têm contribuído significantemente para o aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, Objetivo: avaliar os teores de lipídeos e sódio de refeições oferecidas em dois restaurantes comerciais à La carte de uma praça de alimentação de uma Universidade da cidade de São Paulo (SP), em 2010, Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cuja coleta ocorreu em três dias alternados, durante uma mesma semana, Cada alimento foi analisado separadamente e em duplicata, totalizando 36 amostras, Os lipídeos foram determinados pelo método de Soxhlet e os teores de sódio por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica, Resultados: Um dos restaurantes excedeu o limite recomendável de lipídeos em dois dias enquanto o outro permaneceu dentro dos parâmetros de tolerância nos três dias avaliados, Um dos restaurantes apresentou quantidades expressivas de sódio em apenas um dos dias, enquanto o segundo restaurante obteve teores de sódio acima do limite tolerável para uma refeição em todos os dias avaliados, Conclusão: os valores de sódio e lipídeos encontrados neste estudo apontam para uma possibilidade de risco à saúde, principalmente entre os que fazem uso diário dos restaurantes.

Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in the adipose tissue mass, and is associated with higher incidence of several chronic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, its increasing prevalence is a public health concern, and it is important to better understand its etiology to develop new therapeutic strategies. Evidence accumulated over the years indicates that obesity is associated with a marked activation in adipose tissue of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling pathway that controls lipid metabolism, and adipocyte formation and maintenance. Curiously, mTORC1 is also involved in the control of nonshivering thermogenesis and recruitment as well as browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we explored mTORC1 functions in adipocytes and presented evidence, suggesting that mTORC1 may either increase or reduce adiposity, depending on the conditions and activation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study evaluated the performance and mortality of piglets from birth to weaning undergoing a diet supplemented with coconut oil, as well as performed the environmental characterization of facilities. The experiment was carried out using pig maternity facilities. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized block design with two treatments, eight blocks and twelve piglets per experimental unit. The supplemented piglets received 12 ml of coconut oil. Piglets creeps provided stable conditions in the hottest hours of the day for the stalls. The relative humidity remained below the optimal levels for pigs at the hottest times of the day; BGTHI was appropriate for the recommendation of thermal comfort. No effect (p>0.05) of the supplementation with coconut oil on the average daily gain weight of (g/day) of piglets until weaning was reported and the values obtained were 227 g/day and 228 g/day, without the use and the use of coconut oil, respectively. The mortality rate of supplemented piglets 1.66 % and those who did not receive supplementation 5%, showed the importance of coconut oil when taking the production of piglets per sow into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional, lipid and feeding habits of school children in two municipalities in South Brazil are compared. Transversal study analyzed indicators of obesity, lipid profile and feeding habits of school children, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil, and Chapecó SC Brazil. Difference (p<0.05) in overweight/obesity (37.0% Chapecó vs 29.2% Santa Cruz do Sul) and high waist circumference (34.8% Chapecó vs 21.2% Santa Cruz do Sul); triglycerides (41.4%) and HDL-C (23.5%) showed higher rates in Chapecó (p<0.001); total cholesterol (56.1%), LDL-C (36.4%) and glycaemia (8.7%) were higher in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Chapecó had a high input of fruit (16.8% infrequent) and sweets (41.3% frequent) contrasting with beans/rice (57.0% daily), soft drinks (24.4% daily) and snacks (24.0% daily) in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Results show that differences in nutritional profile existed between the two municipalities and, consequently, health indicators vary within different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV infection is associated with anemia and with changes in the profile of lipids in HIV-infected people. Current retrospective study described the prevalence of anemia and changes in lipid levels in pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and was performed with 117 pregnant women who were using antiretroviral therapy in prenatal clinics, between 2010 and 2012, through secondary data. The prevalence of anemia reached 45.6%, although no one had severe anemia. There was a progressive increase in total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.05), LDL (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.001), with greater increase in triglycerides levels throughout pregnancy. Monitoring anemia and lipid levels during pregnancy is crucial for early interventions since undesirable complications and unwanted results are avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The metabolic responses of adult and young freshwater Kinosternon scorpioides turtles raised in captivity were evaluated. Two experiments were performed: a) blood metabolite changes caused by food deprivation, and b) liver and muscle glycogen and total lipid differences after fasting and refeeding. Blood glucose concentration of young animals was susceptible to food deprivation. In both groups this metabolite decreased after 30 days of fasting. Feeding for 15 days did not recover blood glucose. Total seric proteins were not affected by food deprivation. Fasting decreased blood urea nitrogen and the highest difference was found around 30 days. Uric acid increased in young animals after 60 days of fasting. Triacylglicerol decreased after 15 days of fasting and refeeding for 15 days recovered the pre-fasting levels. Free fatty acid plasma tended to increase around 15 days of fasting. Liver glycogen decreased at day 15 of fasting, being stable thereafter while muscle glycogen decreased at a slower rate. Total liver lipid stabilized after 30 days and then decreased 70% after 60 days of fasting. Muscle lipids remained stable throughout fasting. It could be concluded that fasting of Kinosternon scorpioides led to metabolic adaptations similar to the one reported from reptiles and fish.

O diabete mellitus (DM) é uma doença multifatorial que acomete diversos sistemas corporais com complicações teciduais e vasculares. Diversas hipóteses bioquímicas estão implicadas na indução das complicações tardias da diabete, como: radicais livres, rota dos polióis e glicação não enzimática de proteínas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar o perfil lipídico e lipoperoxidação em indivíduos diabéticos. Realizou-se uma análise do perfil lipídico de 30 pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2, com uma média de 4 anos da evolução da doença. Analisou-se a concentração sanguínea de glicose, colesterol total, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc, triglicerídeos, hemoglobina glicada e peroxidação lipídica (TBARS). Encontrou-se uma forte correlação entre a concentração de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e VLDLc com o dano oxidativo e uma fraca correlação com colesterol LDLc e HDLc. A análise dos resultados mostra uma forte correlação da lipoperoxidação lipídica com o perfil lipídico dos pacientes que pode reafirmar a necessidade de monitoramento dos lipídios plasmáticos como forma de prevenir complicações tardias inerentes ao diabete.

FUNDAMENTO: A prevalência das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) tem aumentado nos últimos anos. A literatura revela que cerca de 35% dos eventos ateroscleróticos ocorrem na ausência dos fatores de risco clássicos, requerendo uma avaliação individual minuciosa para melhor caracterizar o risco. Os índices lipídicos tetravalente (LTI) e pentavalente (LPI) constituem uma nova e eficiente forma de avaliação do perfil lipídico e do risco para DCV. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo avaliou o LTI e o LPI em estudantes de graduação, estabelecendo estes índices em indivíduos saudáveis e correlacionando-os com o perfil lipídico tradicional. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 110 estudantes, 48 (44%) do sexo masculino e 62 (56%) do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 20,9 ± 1,7 anos. Apolipoproteína-AI, apolipoproteína B, colesterol total, lipoproteína (a), triglicérides, HDL e LDL foram analisados usando-se métodos diagnósticos específicos. LTI e LPI foram calculados por meio das equações LTI = [colesterol total x triglicérides x lipoproteína (a) / HDL] e LPI = [colesterol total x triglicérides x lipoproteína (a) x apolipoproteína B / apolipoproteína A-I], respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Os valores de LTI e de LPI foram significativamente maiores nas mulheres quando comparados aos dos homens. Para os outros parâmetros, houve diferenças significativas entre os gêneros apenas para colesterol total, HDL e apolipoproteína A-I. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre LDL e LTI e entre LDL e LPI. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados indicam que LTI e LPI estavam associados com LDL, um parâmetro não utilizado para calcular os índices lipídicos e amplamente usado na prática clínica para investigação do risco cardiovascular.BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased steadily in recent years. Literature data show that about 35% of atherosclerotic events occur in the absence of classic risk factors, requiring a broader assessment of the individual to better characterize the risk. Lipid Tetrad Index (LTI) and Lipid Pentad Index (LPI) constitute a new and efficient evaluation of the lipid profile and CVD risk. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed LTI and LPI in undergraduate students, seeking to establish the parameters of these indices in healthy subjects and correlate them with the conventional lipid profile. METHODS: The study included 110 students, 48 (44%) males and 62 (56%) females, mean age 20.9 ± 1.7. Apolipoprotein-AI, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed, using specific diagnostic methods. LTI and LPI indices were calculated using the equations LTI = [total cholesterol x triglycerides x lipoprotein(a) / HDL] and LPI = [total cholesterol x triglycerides x lipoprotein(a) x apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein-AI], respectively. RESULTS: LTI and LPI values were significantly higher in females compared to males. As for the other parameters, there were significant differences between males and females only regarding total cholesterol, HDL and apolipoprotein-AI. There were significant and positive correlations between LDL and LTI and between LDL and LPI. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that both LTI and LPI were associated with LDL, a parameter not used to calculate lipid indices and widely used in clinical practice for cardiovascular risk assessment.

OBJETIVO: verificar as alterações no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos treinados, suplementados com maltodextrina. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: o protocolo de treinamento consistiu de 8 semanas de natação em padrão contínuo (60min.dia-1) ou intermitente (2 períodos de 30min, com intervalo de 10min), com sobrecargas correspondentes a 5% e 10% do peso corporal, respectivamente. Durante 37 dias os animais foram suplementados com uma dose diária de 0,48g.kg-1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura. RESULTADOS: o exercício aeróbio ocasionou aumento significativo no nível glicêmico. Os exercícios e a maltodextrina não causaram alterações no perfil lipídico. CONCLUSÃO: o exercício aeróbio proporcionou elevação no nível glicêmico, não causando hipoglicemia.El objetivo fue comprobar los cambios en los lípidos y los niveles de glucosa de las ratas entrenadas complementados con maltodextrina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El protocolo consistió en 8 semanas de patrón de natación continua (60min.dia-1) o intermitente (2 períodos de 30 min, con un intervalo de 10 min), con sobrecargas que corresponden al 5% y el 10% del peso corporal. Durante 37 días los animales fueron suplementados con una dosis diaria de 0,48 g.kg-1 maltodextrina disuelta en agua o agua pura. RESULTADOS: El ejercicio aeróbico provocó un aumento significativo en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre. Los ejercicios y la maltodextrina no causó cambios en el perfil lipídico. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio aeróbico dio lugar en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, sin causar hipoglucemia.The objective was to verify changes in lipids and glucose levels of trained rats supplemented with maltodextrin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of continuous swimming pattern (60min.dia-1) or intermittent (2 periods of 30 minutes, with an interval of 10 minutes), with overloads corresponding to 5% and 10% of body weight, respectively. For 37 days the animals were supplemented with a daily dose of 0.48 g.kg-1 maltodextrin dissolved in water or pure water. RESULTS: Aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in blood glucose levels. The exercises and maltodextrin did not cause changes in lipid profile. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise gave rise in blood glucose levels, without causing hypoglycemia.

Foram testados os efeitos de dois níveis de extrato etéreo à base de óleo de arroz no concentrado em 30 cabras Saanen durante a fase inicial de lactação. A alimentação baseou-se na relação 60% de volumoso (feno de alfafa) e 40% de concentrado comercial com dois níveis de extrato etéreo (3% e 5%). As variáveis estudadas foram a quantificação e qualificação do perfil de ácidos graxos do leite total e frente ao tempo de lactação. O acréscimo de óleo de arroz na dieta diminuiu (P