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The linguistic landscape is an essential aspect of determining how language materializes in our surroundings. It is especially important in multilingual communities, as it reflects their identity. The linguistic landscape changes over time due to various factors, such as changes in politics, economics, and the national minority population. Study aims to explore how language manifested in the cultural landscape of Slavonia and Baranja, how it changed over time. Linguistic signs can also reflect the spatial identity of the population in the investigated periods (and its changes). Research compares the linguistic landscape of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the contemporary period. We used old postcards as sources for the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and conducted fieldwork for the modern period. The research involved analysing a vast corpus of linguistic signs in the cultural landscape. Research showed that the linguistic landscape, both in the past and present, is visible through various inscriptions on shops, craft stores, state institutions, and street names. Official inscriptions on public institutions in Croatia are written in the Croatian language, and in ethnically diverse areas, these inscriptions are bilingual, but not to the extent allowed by the Croatian Constitution. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of the linguistic landscape users determines its appearance. Croatian is the primary language in most of inscriptions. However, the status and dominance of other languages have changed, depending on the complex political and linguistic past of the region. The study has confirmed that the linguistic landscape reflects both the spatial identity as well as the heterogeneity and multilingualism of the linguistic landscape in urban and rural areas.

The linguistic landscape is an essential aspect of determining how language materializes in our surroundings. It is especially important in multilingual communities, as it reflects their identity. The linguistic landscape changes over time due to various factors, such as changes in politics, economics, and the national minority population. Study aims to explore how language manifested in the cultural landscape of Slavonia and Baranja, how it changed over time. Linguistic signs can also reflect the spatial identity of the population in the investigated periods (and its changes). Research compares the linguistic landscape of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the contemporary period. We used old postcards as sources for the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and conducted fieldwork for the modern period. The research involved analysing a vast corpus of linguistic signs in the cultural landscape. Research showed that the linguistic landscape, both in the past and present, is visible through various inscriptions on shops, craft stores, state institutions, and street names. Official inscriptions on public institutions in Croatia are written in the Croatian language, and in ethnically diverse areas, these inscriptions are bilingual, but not to the extent allowed by the Croatian Constitution. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of the linguistic landscape users determines its appearance. Croatian is the primary language in most of inscriptions. However, the status and dominance of other languages have changed, depending on the complex political and linguistic past of the region. The study has confirmed that the linguistic landscape reflects both the spatial identity as well as the heterogeneity and multilingualism of the linguistic landscape in urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of the relationship between meaning and sense has repeatedly become the subject of both - linguistic and philosophical discussions, because of the difference in conceptual approaches, and as a typical in the history of science result of the synonymous use of these terms in some works and differentiated use in others. The systemic linguistics has drawn attention to the accuracy of linguistic terminology and the value of precisely differentiated use of synonymous terms. The relevance of the undertaken study is determined by the significance of this problem for the further development of the linguistic theory, semiotics, and semantics. The problem of meaning and sense in relation to the sign was generally discussed in the works of G. Frege and representatives of the analytical philosophy of the 20th century (R. Carnap, G. Ryle, W. Quine). The issue of the meaning of a sign as an element of a linguistic (or any other semiotic) system was firstly brought to the fore by F. de Saussure. It was the subject of active discussion in Russian linguistics - in the 19th century in the works of A.A. Potebnya, I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay, in the 20th century - in the works of V.A. Zvegintsev, A.F. Losev, Ju.M. Lotman, V.M. Solntsev, Ju.S. Stepanov. In relation to grammar, the issue of meaning and sense was posed much less frequently; its detailed analysis is available in the systemic linguistics of G.P. Melnikov, and the functional grammar of A.V. Bondarko. The purpose is to study the possibilities of using the terms “meaning” and “sense”, consistently distinguished in systemic linguistics referring to the linguistic sign, for a particular case - the analysis of the semantics of case forms as a specific type of grammatical signs.

The linguistic sign is a perceptible and representative unit of human communication, which refers to the substitution of words in a linguistic system; where the oral signs of a language have different meanings. It justifies the use of certain characters that can cause writing and spelling problems, affecting academic performance and the ability to communicate; the same that seeks to identify new symbols and understand their impact on young people, who influence communication trends. To identify the linguistic signs used by young people based on a theoretical framework. A quantitative approach was used, where an analysis that goes from the general to the particular is employed. For which a survey of closed questions was used to initiate the research; where the occupied population consists of 20 young people attended monthly, considered as a sample. Young people do not know linguistic symbols well, but they use gestures, facial expressions and emojis in their verbal and written communication; for which images, sounds and colors are used as linguistic signs. This type of communication is common on platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp; so they also use body language in the study of various subjects. The linguistic signs used by young people were identified as emojis to express sentences with fewer words, as well as nonverbal communication through gestures, eye contact, body language and facial expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Namaa Magazine is the property of Namaa for Research & Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Research seeks to clarify signs and indicative connotations contained in the latest poetic experiences of the poet Mohammed Abdelbari in his Collection (Diwan) titled: “Song for Crossing the River Twice”. The latter was characterized by indicative and semiotic features on multiple levels. Therefore, the first section focused in studying the semiotics of textual parallelism across three themes: semiotics of the title, semiotics of quotation, and the semiotics of visual formation. In addition, the second section studies the semiotics of the structure of the poetic text through three themes: the linguistic sign, numerical sign, and the color sign, using the data of the semiotic approach based on monitoring and tracking the main signs in the poetic experience, and identifying their indication.

A new type of morphological expressive linguistic means and the corresponding linguistic sign are described: 1 — an expressive linguistic means that is an operation on the signified of the target lexeme; and 2 — a sign whose signifier is a metasemy1. Thus, the English metasemy2 painting, when applied to a human proper name, such as, e.g., Turner, produces a derived lexeme, in this case, painting(Turner) = [a] Turner '[a] painting by Turner' (I have seen two excellent Turners). A formal description of the Russian metasemy2 'place2' is presented, based on the analysis of the Russian phrase u otca 'at father's' = 'at father's place2', where the underlying lexeme otec 'father' and the derived lexeme (otec) are involved, the meaning 'place2' being expressed by the metasemy2 . The English and French translational equivalents of this phrase, Eng. at father's and Fr. chez le père, are shown to have different organizations: in at father's, the meaning 'place2' is carried by the 's-form, and in chez le père, by the preposition chez. A tentative list of known Russian metasemies2 is supplied, as well as the similar lists for English and French. A metasemy2 always expresses a metonymic semantic relation between the underlying lexeme and the resulting derived lexeme; it is a derivational morphological means, parallel to derivational affixes. Metasemy2 seems to exist universally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiotic problem of the triad “sign – meaning – sense” is discussed as a methodolog­ical problem caused by philosophy of external realism and the representational theory of cog­nition based on it. Reification of linguistic signs, along with the erroneous view of the nature and function of language as a communication tool rather than the mode of existence of hu­mans as living (cognitive) systems, impedes scientific explanation of both language and lin­guistic signs. As an alternative, the core problem of semiotics is approached within the fra­me­work of constructivist epistemology that allows us to resolve the contradictions in the objec­tivist interpretation and explanation of sign, meaning, and sense which are viewed as emer­gent phenomena.

The subject of this review article is the Festschrift „Grenzgänge: Eine Spritztour durch Text-, Stil- und Zeichengefilde“ (Border Crossings: A Journey through Textual, Stylistic and Significant Fields), edited by Bettina M. Bock, Steffen Pappert and Tanja Škerlavaj, published by Frank & Timme, Berlin, on the occasion of Ulla Fix‘s eightieth birthday. Based on the thesis formulated in the title of the Festschrift, the essence of the philological-scientific contribution of the jubilarian is reflected upon against the background of the model of the linguistic sign and the terminological considerations. The short contributions collected in the Festschrift present fields of research by Ulla Fix. These fields of research are thematised, reflected upon and thought about further. They are not rambling analyses, but succinct, apt brushstrokes to the research questions Ulla Fix opened up and worked on. The construction of the Festschrift and the contributions presented in it can be read as a model representation of the linguistic sign. The contributions provide the semantic equipment for what the naming signalled in the title contains. They are the imagined, thematised, reflected content, concept of what the name Grenzgängerin essentially means. This method of reading the contributions corresponds epistemologically with the anti-essentialist approach to meaning-making opened up by Karl Popper in opposition to Aristotle‘s naïve method and intuitive conception of knowledge. Thus, the jubilarian‘s border crossings become synonymous with the epistemological search for truth in the sense of classical, traditionally grounded and forward-looking philological research. The contributions are also forward-looking in their message - communicative, but above all stimulating and inspiring for every lover of language - for experienced scholars and for those who want to become one.

This article focuses on issues related to the arbitrary and non-arbitrary nature of the linguistic signs (monolexical and polylexical), the types and cases of linguistic motivation and the criteria of lexical denomination. Several issues regarding to stable polylexical units have been analysed from the motivational perspective: the genesis, existence and use of linguistic signs, whose signifiers are expressed by stable polylexical units, two types of semantic motivation (metaphorical motivation and symbol-based motivation) and intertextuality as a specific type of motivation. In the course of its history, each figurative expression has undergone its own evolution. In this context, the task of linguistic research is not only to identify the productive motivational links that affect the functioning of figurative expressions in actual discourse, but also to describe their true etymology.

Based on the material of value judgments contained in the narrator D-503’s diary entries, the publication carries out the semiotic reconstruction of models of ideologically incompatible societies, traces the possibilities of transition from one model to another model as a way of developing humanity in the author’s imaginary reality. As the research methodology, A.J. Greimas’s concepts of the actanial scheme and the semiotic square are used, which recognize the importance of the dichotomy of polar linguistic signs in the process of interpreting their semantics. The author analyzes the relations of contrarity established between the models of impeccable and imperfect (ancient and oppositional) societies based on the extraction of deep meanings from the surface narrative structure. It is established that each of these models, functioning as the semiotic construct, is filled with specific semantics against the background of the opposition of another model. The concept of an actanial scheme turns out to be relevant when identifying the specifics of the narrator’s assessment of social structure models. The antonymic content of these schemes is analyzed based on the Benefactor and ancient ancestors’ position. The holders of these positions change the actanial roles of the subject and the antisubject. A multiple interpretation of the semiotic square of the Benefactor’s impeccable society is given as a formed community of people against the background of the opposition of the model of a formless society, assuming both a positive and negative perspective of development. Accordingly, these models are investigated in terms of positive and negative deixis, as well as implicative and suppositional relations. Relevant / irrelevant strategies of transition from one model to another model are traced, which can be either straight-line or assume an intermediate stage. The concept of the semiotic square underlies the analysis of the development of models of societies on the dystopian narrative historical axis. The ideas of models reflecting the immediate period of the narrative and potential future events, as well as the imagined past, are systematized. It is concluded that the models of society related to the current moment of the narrative are in a state of formation, however, they have formed ideological attitudes, which increases the antagonism between them.

An idiom is a communicatively motivated complex language sign. Its emergence does not take place in accordance with the system of a language as it is currently stabilized; in a certain sense it represents its disruption. The poetic function of a language plays a significant role here. Its influence in spoken language creates figurative units with high persuasive value and a new phraseological meaning arises. However, it turns out that the process of phraseme creation also introduces new partial meanings in its components. It can be stated that there is a dependence between the polysemy of the word and its occurrence in idioms. Therefore, from the point of view of examining this phenomenon, it is necessary to consider the cognitive processes in speech activity. Thus, the issue of phraseology does not only belong to the phenomena of langue and parole but it is directly related to language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story continuation writing task (SCWT) is a newly emerging proficiency test of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in three provinces in China. Nevertheless, little is known with respect to how test-takers enhance their alignment of situation models in SCWT. This paper reports on a case study of the development of situational alignment of one L2 (second language) learner in a senior high school in Jiangsu Province, China, drawing on qualitative data collected via individual face-to-face interviews, and supplemented by face-to-face conversations and email exchanges, over a period of one year. This study investigates how the test-taker enhances her alignment of situation models, and what factors contribute to her development of situational alignment under the framework of a new semiotic research finding, a pan-indexicality model. This paper concludes that test-takers possess the capacity of developing their alignment of situation models, and that a pan-indexicality model, affording opportunities for test-takers to accurately decode the meaning of a linguistic sign at the overall sense level, plays a decisive role in identifying and integrating key dimensions of situation models and eventually enhancing test-takers’ situational alignment. This study suggests that a pan-indexicality model can be employed by test-takers to understand the meaning of a linguistic sign at the overall sense level, and test-takers’ encyclopedic knowledge, contextual information, and personal emotions regarding a linguistic sign should be highlighted in classroom instruction to help test-takers construct aligned situation models in SCWT.

From the discussion about the linguistic sign proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure, this study aims to explore fundamental concepts of this linguist's theory, focusing on the Course in General Linguistics, with the objective of sustaining a reinterpretation of the significant portion, encompassing three aspects: articulatory, acoustic, and representational. Based on the reading of the main Saussurian works, as well as works by linguists who focus on this theory, we used the concepts of unity, value, and the arbitrary, with emphasis on the relative arbitrary, to sediment this linguistic discussion, regarding the asymmetry of the sign and the influence of the signifier in the composition of the unit, and to substantiate the triune aspect of the signifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to being animated entities, human individuals are defined by the fact that they are endowed with consciousness and speech. As integral parts of the environment, they give names to the objects in their surrounding world and the fellow individuals who inhabit this universe. The linguistic signs employed in this respect may behave not only as opaque lexemes from the viewpoint of the signified, but also as emblems descriptive of various animated entities. Nevertheless, words are not lexically motivated units, and their arbitrariness is unanimously acknowledged. This paper analyses an alleged internal form of terms which designate personal names in opposition to the semantic void of lexemes designating classes of objects. The methodology consists of theoretical information pertaining to philosophy of language, pragmatics, and onomastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines discourse as a phenomenon that includes an extremely wide cultural sphere. The phenomenon of "gastronomic communication" is described, and attention is also paid to the key aspect of gastronomic discourse - communication. This article describes the classification of gastronomic terms, their specific aspects. How to translate gastronomic terms, their use in the translation process in transformations, how the menu and its content are cross-cultural. A theoretical answer to such questions can be found in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story continuation writing task (SCWT) is a newly emerging proficiency test of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in three provinces in China. Nevertheless, little is known with respect to how test-takers enhance their alignment of situationmodels in SCWT. This paper reports on a case study of the development of situational alignment of one L2 (second language) learner in a senior high school in Jiangsu Province, China, drawing on qualitative data collected via individual faceto- face interviews, and supplemented by face-to-face conversations and email exchanges, over a period of one year. This study investigates how the test-taker enhances her alignment of situation models, and what factors contribute to her development of situational alignment under the framework of a new semiotic research finding, a pan-indexicalitymodel. This paper concludes that test-takers possess the capacity of developing their alignment of situation models, and that a pan-indexicality model, affording opportunities for test-takers to accurately decode themeaning of a linguistic sign at the overall sense level, plays a decisive role in identifying and integrating key dimensions of situation models and eventually enhancing test-takers’ situational alignment. This study suggests that a pan-indexicality model can be employed by test-takers to understand the meaning of a linguistic sign at the overall sense level, and test-takers’ encyclopedic knowledge, contextual information, and personal emotions regarding a linguistic sign should be highlighted in classroom instruction to help test-takers construct aligned situation models in SCWT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our essay revisits a prominent theory in the sciences of language, namely structuralism, a paradigm that has linguistic signs at the core of its theoretical framework. In order to grasp this framework, we discuss the main concepts on which linguistic structuralism is founded: linguistic sign, signifiant/signifié, content/expression, langue/parole, diachrony/synchrony, mutability/immutability, and so forth. A special regard is given to the concept of value, by which language and linguistic signs form a system comparable to the game of chess or money and the monetary system.

The article argues for a necessity to increase human awareness of language as functional biological behavior rather than simply a tool in the service of communication, by emphasizing the difference between talk and text as ontologically different semiotic phenomena characteristic of the human cognitive domain. The established tradition to view written words as linguistic signs leads the studies of natural language astray, effectively hiding its nature as biologically functional orientational behavior in a consensual domain that evolved with the evolution of our species and was not a cultural invention. Because of the identification of text with talk in linguistic semiotics, the empirical validity of the core semiotic concept of natural linguistic sign, based on the so-called semiotic triangle, is undermined. While talk is a dynamic fact of nature, text is a static artifact; it is argued, therefore, that the analytical approach to linguistic signs as objects in the world is inadequate, and the notions of first- and second-order semiotics are introduced. It is concluded that awareness of the cognitive-semiotic difference between talk and text and their respective roles in the evolution of humans may facilitate further research into the nature and origin of humanness. • Talk and text are ontologically different semiotic phenomena. • Failure to see this difference leads the studies of natural language astray. • Viewing written words as linguistic signs hides the biological function of natural language and the role of writing in human evolution. • Increased language awareness may help facilitate research into the nature of humanness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To identify the features of the manipulation, which is based on the substitution of the semantic component of a linguistic sign.Methodology. The main content of the study is the analysis of the structure of manipulation observed in conflict communicative situations. In the course of the research, methods of lexical and semantic and propositional analysis, as well as methods of formal logic, were used.Results. The analysis showed that the basis of manipulative communication in a multicultural environment is the substitution of semantic components of the concepts that have a similar linguistic expression. The relations of outness and intersection between the volumes of these concepts are revealed, the semantics of language representatives is determined.Research implications. A number of directions for further research is identified: the use of methods of logical analysis of the language units representing manipulative communication, the influence of Internet resources on the development of conflict speech situations.

В статье представлены результаты исследования прототипов фразеологических интенсификаторов с точки зрения различных ассоциативных отношений. Проанализирован корпус текстов экологической тематики, который представляет новые языковые факты для исследования фразеологических интенсификаторов. Указывается, что прототип, являясь центром познавательного пространства, формирует категориальное значение с новым смыслом. Подчёркивается наличие словообразовательной связи между значением фразеологической единицы и значением прототипа. Делается вывод о том, что прототипы фразеологических интенсификаторов характеризуются общими знаниями, исторически связанными с социокультурным опытом носителей языка.

In early childhood, oral language should be enhanced due to its importance in social relations and learning, and it is notorious that children often grow up with difficulties in their orality due to poor stimulation at home or in schools. This is an essential factor in favoring linguistic competence. The objective of the present study was to determine the skills that influence oral language development in children aged 4 to 5 years for communication through the application and analysis of surveys. The methodological approach is qualitative and quantitative, using documentary and descriptive research through text analysis. Likewise, in the province of Santa Elena, a survey directed to 15 early education teachers and an interview with an institution's director in charge of the mentioned level were used. From the data collected, results point to an integration of skills in acquiring linguistic signs and manifesting thoughts and emotions; therefore, their application is essential. On the other hand, it was determined that the teachers, when defining the concept of skills, relate it to related terms such as abilities and competencies. Therefore, it is concluded that all skills influence oral language development, so they must be expressed in the lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is not only a service for a person, but a certain language is also a mirror that reflects the national-cultural level and mentality of a certain people. A person who is a product of nature and society, at the same time, is also considered their supreme example, reflects the world in the form of things and objects, events and events in his mind, perceives, thinks, conveys his thoughts to others, shares ideas, etc. In this process, language, which is a stable static phenomenon, imposes the task on speech, which is a dynamic phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines discourse as a phenomenon that includes an extremely wide cultural sphere. The phenomenon of "gastronomic communication" is described, and attention is also paid to the key aspect of gastronomic discourse - communication. This article describes the classification of gastronomic terms, their specific aspects. How to translate gastronomic terms, their use in the translation process in transformations, how the menu and its content are cross-cultural. A theoretical answer to such questions can be found in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arbitrariness of the linguistic sign is a key semiological concept. Saussure's Course in General Linguistics presented it, particularly in the context of the opposition between absolute and relative arbitrariness, as an irrational principle. The paper is an attempt to answer the questions of how exactly the differentiation between absolute and relative arbitrariness in Saussurean semiology relates to the systemic nature of language, what constitutes the irrationality of arbitrariness, and what could be considered its rational counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes lexical competition and processes of semantic variation in the verbs of "parlache," a variety of Colombian speech. Different types of lexical units are observed in the resemanticized verbs, and the processes and strategies involved in their production and comprehension are analyzed. The importance of resemanticization as a mechanism for language economy is highlighted, and examples of resemanticized verbs in "parlache" are presented. Additionally, criteria for organizing the different meanings of verbs in "parlache" are mentioned, such as etymological and historical criteria. [Extracted from the article]

The article studies the conceptualisation of the worldview, where language, as the system of signs and, hence, a means of cognition, is of high importance. Understanding the sign as a unity of the signifier and the signified, the research is focused on the latter, since it is not limited only to the reflection of objects, situations of objective reality, but also to displaying the observed, experienced, various phenomena of the person's inner world and speech activity. Due to the nature of information, the signifieds can be classed in cognitive, communicative, evaluative, exclamatory, and relational, where cognitive is the most essential since it is the basis of the communication content, a cognitive model which contains the knowledge of the speakers about the classes of realia. Thus, the cognitive signified is studied in terms of cognitive semantics, which describes the meaning as a result of categorisation and conceptualisation of the world by representatives of a particular culture and covers the experience, feelings, which may not correspond to the real situation. Hence, the cognitive signified is the frame for reflecting objective and subjective reality, being the result of cognition of individual realia in certain forms of human thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a response - it is one of the archival manuscripts of the outstanding philologist S.J. Preobrazhenskj, dedicated to the comprehension of the book “The Code of the Word” by O.O. Suleimenov. The author tries to analyze the hypothesis of O.O. Suleimenov from both strictly philological point of view, and the position of the researcher who recognizes the fact of genius poetic insights in the development of the History of Thought.

This article analyzes a notion that is shared by psychoanalysis and language studies: the signifier. Its purpose is to study the path that this term takes in the seminars and in the writings of Jacques Lacan. Although there is no doubt that the psychoanalyst appropriates this notion from the reading of the General Linguistics Course by Saussure (2007), the foundations on which it is built dialogue with other theoretical sources. The journey through the Lacanian texts has allowed us to identify three times in which different meanings are interwoven discursively around the signifier. In the first of them, between 1953 and 1957, it is the structure that is linked to the way in which this notion is conceived and organizes its theoretical developments. In the second, between 1957 and 1969, it is established the definition of the signifier that continues to be in force today and that links it to the Lacanian subject. Finally, in the third, whose beginning can be located from 1969, a signifier traversed by the imaginary register and the real register is denounced, which cannot be understood solely from the symbolic dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tertium Linguistic Journal / Pólrocznik Jezykoznawczy Tertium is the property of Cracow Tertium Society for the Promotion of Language Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article overviews the vicissitudes of the Saussurean notion of the two-sided linguistic sign in 20th-century linguistics. After having held centre stage for several decades in the Praguian and Copenhagian traditions of structuralism, this notion was sidelined if not rejected in the modular architecture of mainstream Generative Grammar, but has since been vindicated in the most influential linguistic schools to emerge in the wake of, and in reaction to, the Chomskyan revolution, viz. Cognitive Grammar and Construction Grammar. While the Saussurean theory of the linguistic sign may be claimed to be of foundational importance for the properly linguistic study of language, it was left for de Saussure’s successors to explore the implications and antinomies of the two-sided sign model. The article discusses a number of problems for the theory of the sign, such as the division between linguistically encoded and contextual meaning, the challenge of polysemy, the fluidity of the conventionalized linguistic sign in the continuous flow of diachronic processes, the Hjelmslevian dichotomy of semantic form and semantic substance, the place of syntax in a theory of the sign, etc.

Recently, I came across the statement that „adaptation is a procedure for the translation of the film” (Post). Adaptation reaches not only the increasing circles of the cinema or art, but also our lives, and the very concept of adaptation undergoes constant expansion. The main goal of this article is to show that film adaptation is an example of a multimodal translation pattern. As a result, we receive a completely new text, which is a film, in contrast to its literary prototype. To show that a film adaptation is an example of a multimodal translation pattern I will discuss it from a linguistic point of view. The article will often refer to modality or multimodal text. I will also present a small part of the research conducted on the film from a linguistic point of view at the Philology University (Wyższa Szkoła Filologiczna) in Wrocław.

The phenomenon of enantiosemy is due to the semantic evolution of the word has resulted in the formation of an opposite meaning to the main meaning of the same. Are key elements of this process, the dualism of human thinking, the asymmetry of the linguistic sign, the meaning diffuse the root of the etymon and the inversion of the relation subject-object, among others. Sometimes, as a result of the diachronic variation of the nuclear meaning the word lose in a certain period of time its original meaning which recur with time in some phrases or syntactical constructions which form the word.The lexical-semantic variants of a word count with nuclear common semes. Are opposed to them generally non-nuclear semes. The meaning of the enantiosemic word only you can reveal it from the context. The opposite meanings present a case of polysemy and form a single whole. The concepts that these words are complemented to designate objects, processes or phenomena, simultaneous or consecutive inextricably linked to each other.In the present work, we analyze cases of nominative, grammatical and conversive enantiosemy of some nouns, pronouns, adverbs and verbs. The study was carried out on the basis of lexicographical, literary and journalistic examples.

The article is executed from the position of development of the actual phenomenon in modern linguistics, which is the proprietary nomination forming the regional onomastic picture of the world. The author analyses the linguistic and semiotic aspect of ergonomov of Krasnodar based on the theory of reference, theory of the bilateral linguistic sign. The main conclusions made by the author suggest that the logic of the onomastic nomination is based on the systems of the basic units and their forming parts. This interaction allows you to extract the information contained in the name of your own, for the purpose of further use of this information in the interpretation of the secondary nomination.The result of the analysis of ergonomic units was the statement that the identification of the basic lexeme takes place against the background of additional information about the object: the type of object and its correlation with other objects; lexical and semantic restrictions within the semantic microsystem; the perception of the name by the person and his motivational reflection about this name.The main criteria of motivation of the nominator when choosing or creating a name of its own are detected in the article: defining the strategy for the selection of priority motif; choice of preferring their own names, which reflect the perceptive interaction with the environment; the choice of names by their function and social purpose; the choice of onims by the usual evaluations, emotions, and visual images which they express. The corresponding motivation is formed in relation to certain objects in the minds of the society members or its individual socio-role groups in a certain historical period.

Delusion is the most difficult problem in psychopathology. In the existing definitions of delusion there is no clear indication of the discriminant that enables us to reliably distinguish it from other psychopathologic phenomena. This paper proposes an approach to examine delusion as semiotic object that has a symbolic nature. The paper accentuates that a person, along with the biological means of processing and storage of information uses natural and artificial sign systems. Self reflection in our consciousness of objective reality is also an information process with sign-symbolic structure. Therefore, the use of ideas and methods of modern semiotics becomes the conceptual framework that can expand our understanding of the psychopathology of delusion. Destruction of semiosis, ie, the process of generating value, apparently is that discriminant, which allows us to distinguish delusion from other similar phenomena, for example, from overvalued ideas.

Nominal signs as important textual building constituents have a special function in the act of communication. This study attempts to highlight the function of nominal textual signs in the lyrics song ,,Martesa e Halilit” from collection ,,Kângë kreshnikësh dhe legenda” into the German version translated by M.Lambert. It also highlights the informative text constituents such as topic (Thema) and comment (Rhema) as textual coherences primary constituents in order to clarify the function of this text as integral unit. This article is based on the referential role of the nominal signs in the analyzed text, such as textual recurrences (textuelle Rekurrenz), the constituents of the textual theme (konstituive für die textuelle Thematik) and quasi-recurrences (Quasi-Rekurrenz) as components of text cohesion.

The following paper presents a reflection about the concept on the arbitrary nature of the inguistic sign. For that reason, the starting point taken here is the notion of the Formal Apparatus of Enunciation, by Émile Benveniste, spotlighting the categories of person, time and space. As we analyze these categories in configurations arising from the fields of iterature and cinema, we aim to establish a question about the theoretical- methodological statute of the object of a linguistics which assumes the experience of the speaker-listener. The deployments on this question go through the revision of studies already known about the theme of the arbitrary, and they follow some theoretical displacements operated in the field and, finally, they try to move forward up to a questioning about the limits of this important key-notion of Saussurean linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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