Search

Objetivo: Verificar por meio de revisão da literatura a evidência de efeito do medicamento homeopático nos mecanismos da imunossenescência. Métodos: Realizou-se a busca de artigos baseados em estudos in vitro nas bases de dados Medline (PubMed), Lilacs e Cochrane dos últimos 10 anos. A pesquisa utilizou revistas científicas de língua inglesa, francesa e espanhola. Resultados: Foram identificados cinco artigos; todos evidenciavam ação imunomoduladora e/ou imunoestimulante e anti-inflamatória em alguma fase da resposta imune. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados animadores das investigações experimentais, são recomendados estudos clínicos com a população de idosos para a avaliação de efeito do medicamento homeopático no processo do envelhecimento e nas doenças que apresentam um desequilíbrio na resposta imunológica.

La inmunodeficiencia combinada severa (IDCS) es una enfermedad perteneciente al grupo de inmunodeficiencias primarias (IDP), actualmente conocidas como “Errores Innatos de la Inmunidad”, las cuales son causados por mutaciones genéticas heredadas de forma recesiva ligada al cromosoma X o de manera autosómica recesiva ligada a cromosomas no sexuales; dichas mutaciones afectan la función y producción de los linfocitos T, B y células asesinas naturales (NK) importantes para el funcionamiento del sistema inmune. Los niños con IDCS son muy vulnerables a infecciones graves y recurrentes durante sus primeros meses de vida, lo que resalta la importancia del diagnóstico temprano para iniciar los tratamientos a tiempo. En Costa Rica, la IDCS representa un 9.8% de los 298 casos de IDP reportados, con una prevalencia de 3.3 por cada 100,000 habitantes. El trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas (TCMH) es el tratamiento más eficaz, ofreciendo posibilidades de cura si se realiza durante los primeros meses de vida. Las complicaciones económicas y psicológicas representan un desafío para los niños y familias costarricenses, donde actores como la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) son cruciales para brindar apoyo integral y mitigar los gastos de las pruebas diagnósticas y tratamientos. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión teórica es analizar la enfermedad genética denominada “Inmunodeficiencia combinada severa” propiamente en Costa Rica, en cuanto a su epidemiología, métodos de diagnóstico temprano y tratamientos.

El envejecimiento poblacional representa un desafío en el ámbito social durante las últimas décadas. En la vejez existe un aumento en la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedades y traumas, constituyendo el trauma térmico una de las lesiones más devastantes que afectan al adulto mayor. La inmunodeficiencia senil ha sido señalada como uno de los factores que empeoran el pronóstico. El objetivo es determinar el valor predictivo del Índice neutrófilos-linfocitos en la aparición de complicaciones en el lesionado geriátrico con quemaduras extensas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo, en la Unidad de Quemaduras del Hospital Universitario¨ General Calixto García, entre el 2021 -2023. Se incluyeron ingresados con quemaduras mayores de 25 % de superficie corporal y edades entre 60 y 90 años. Las enfermedades crónicas descompensadas e inmunodeficiencias constituyeron criterios de exclusión. Se determinaron los agentes etiológicos y mecanismos de producción del trauma. Se realizaron determinaciones de índice neutrófilos linfocitos. Se diagnosticaron las complicaciones y se relacionaron con dichos valores. El universo de trabajo estuvo conformado por 96 lesionados. Predominó el sexo masculino, (51%). El grupo de 60 a 69 años fue el más afectado. El fuego directo fue el principal agente causal y prevalecieron los accidentes sobre otros mecanismos de producción. El 29 % de los lesionados sufrió complicaciones y el 94,8 % egresó vivo. Valores elevados de índice neutrófilos-linfocitos se asociaron a la aparición de complicaciones y mayor mortalidad. Se concluye que Índice neutrófilos linfocitos tiene un valor predictivo para el diagnóstico precoz de complicaciones en ancianos con quemaduras extensas.

Background: Colombia is joining global initiatives to mitigate climate change through bioethanol production, as it has large sugar cane plantations and sugar mills, particularly in the Valle del Cauca region. One of the main by-products of the bioethanol industry is vinasse, which consists mainly of water, organic solids and heavy metals. Some of the compounds present in vinasses, such as melanoidins and phthalates, show genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic activity in onion cells, tilapia and aquatic organisms. Various methods, such as bio-oxidation and Fenton reaction, have been used to reduce the organic load of vinasses. Among the most commonly used assays to study genotoxicity and mutagenicity are single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and the Ames test. Objective: In this study, the genotoxicity in human lymphocytes and the mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium induced by different dilutions of vinasse produced at the bioethanol production plant in Frontino, Antioquia, before and after being subjected to biooxidation and Fenton processes, were evaluated. Methods: Genotoxicity was evaluated by the comet assay in human lymphocytes, and mutagenic activity was evaluated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without the addition of microsomal enzymes (S9). Both tests were applied to each type of vinasse considered in this study, including raw vinasse (RV), bio-oxidised vinasse (BV) and Fenton oxidised vinasse (FV). Results: The results showed that at RV doses above 3%, viability decreased to values between 70% and 88%, whereas for BV and FV, viability remained above 93% and 94%, respectively. Vinasse was also found to have a dose-dependent effect on genotoxicity. However, no mutagenic activity was observed in any of the Salmonella strains evaluated, indicating that vinasse does not induce mutations. Conclusion: The importance of addressing vinasse pollution and treatment methods to reduce its toxicity is emphasised. However, further research is needed to fully understand the risks associated with vinasse exposure and to develop effective mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To determine if there is an association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) diagnosed and treated in a Spanish population. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who had neutrophil and lymphocyte values in complete blood count before the histopathological diagnosis and survival of at least three months, in an intermediate complexity hospital. Convenience sampling. Measured variables included age, menopausal stage, parity, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, treatment type, residual tumor, lymph node involvement, presence of ascites, cytology, histologic type, differentiation grade, and CA-125 values. Additionally, outcomes, overall survival, disease/progression-free survival were also measured. Bivariate inferential and Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: Out of 78 candidates, 60 women with EOC were included. Of them, 24 (40%) had a low NLR (≤2,9) while 36 (60%) had a high NLR (>2,9). An association was found between high NLR levels and suboptimal cytoreductive surgery. High NLR ratios were associated with lower overall survival (Hazard ratio (HR): 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4-11.8) and lower 5-year disease-free survival (HR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.7). Conclusions: A plasma neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio of more than 2.9 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in our setting. There is a need to establish the optimal cut-off point and conduct prospective studies with larger patient numbers in order to support this information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In solid and malignant tumors, innate and adaptive immunity are combined in antitumor responses. This study aimed to analyze the activation of plasma cells and the correlation between the infiltration of B and T lymphocytes with the degree of malignancy or Gleason grade in human prostate biopsies diagnosed with cancer. Prostate cancer biopsies were obtained from the Clinical Hospital of Universidad de Chile (n=70), according to the bioethical norms of the institution. Histological sections of 5mm thickness were processed for immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies against BL and total TL (HRP/DAB). Recognition and quantification were performed under a Leica DM750 optical microscope. Microsoft Excel and GraphPad software were used for the statistical study. Correlation coefficient (Pearson) and mean comparison tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn) and p£ 0.05 were developed. B and T lymphocyte populations were inversely interregulated in prostate cancer (Gleason) (r= -0.46). Their relationship with Gleason grade is variable according to lymphocyte type (LB vs. Gleason r= -0.0.47 and LT vs. Gleason r= -0.21). Histological diagnosis of prostate cancer correlates with a predominance of LT. The malignancy of the pathology correlates with a predominance of LTs, according to the Gleason grade. The increased knowledge of B and T lymphocyte infiltration and plasma cell activation could be used to better target clinical trials on treatments based on immune system responses. Immunotherapy could be a new paradigm to apply better antitumor therapy strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationship between PLR with GRACE and TIMI score in ACS patients. Materials and method: This study included 1,000 ACS patients who were assigned to the Cardiology Department at Dustira Army Hospital. Patient examination and medical record were completed from January 2019 to June 2020. Results: The GRACE risk score was substantially greater in the high PLR group compared to the moderate and low PLR groups [158 (144-174), 130 (114.5-149) and 124 (104- 147.75)], respectively (p < 0.000). Similarly, the high PLR group had significantly higher TIMI scores for unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) than the moderate and low PLR groups [3 (3-4), 3 (3-4), 3 (3-3), p = 0.001; 5 (4-5), 4 (4-5), 4.5 (4-5), p < 0.000, and 6 (5-7), 6 (5-6), 6 (5.5-6), p = 0.003]. In addition, GRACE risk score (r = 0.314, p < 0.000), TIMI risk score for UAP (r = 0.365, p < 0.000), TIMI risk score for NSTEMI (r = 0.314, p = 0.001), and TIMI risk score for STEMI (r = 0.227, p = 0.001) also had a favorable link with PLR. Conclusion: PLR is an inexpensive, convenient and reproducible laboratory marker in routine clinical practice that could predict the prognosis in patients with ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents the greatest health crisis of our times; it was declared by WHO a pandemic in March 2020. The risk of presenting a severe disease is inter-individual, since it varies according to age, comorbidities, and immunological status, in addition to the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) are widely used markers to assess the severity and predict the course of the disease in patients with COVID-19, with a direct relationship of higher value-worse prognosis. Objective: To verify if the LDH-neutrophil-lymphocyte index calculated from laboratory tests taken within the first 24 hours of admission is useful as a predictor of 28-day mortality in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Material and methods: Retrospective and analytical cohort study. All consecutive patients over 16 years of any gender, admitted to a tertiary care center from March 2020 to March 2021, who had a diagnosis of COVID-19 with a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, were included. Results: Higher levels of the LDHNL index were associated with higher mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 (Q2 vs. Q1: RR 1.52 [1.24-1.87], p < 0.05; Q3 vs. Q1: RR 1.87 [1.55-2.25], p < 0.05; and Q4 vs. Q1: RR 2.74 [2.22-3- 39], p < 0.05). Conclusions: The serum LDHNL index taken in the first 24 hours of admission can help to predict early the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: mortality in patients with acute kidney injury is high and sometimes low- and medium-income health systems lack tools capable of predicting the prognosis of these patients. Objective: to estimate the prognostic value of short-term mortality of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute kidney injury in an intensive unit care. Methods: a retrospective cohort analytical study was conducted in 124 patients with acute kidney injury from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. A k-means cluster analysis was performed, requesting the creation of three clusters according to values of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the survival means were compared using the Log-Rank test. The optimal cut-off point of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was established for the prediction of mortality and the discriminatory capacity was evaluated through the area under the curve of the C statistic. Results: mortality was higher in the third tercil (76.74 %). The deceased patients had a significantly higher median index than the survivors (6.73 vs. 4.55; p

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dairy production systems are a sensitive sector of the primary economy frequently affected by pathogens that negatively impact production parameters, the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) one of these. In this study, the molecular prevalence of BLV was determined in the specialized dairy sector of Antioquia using the viral marker of the envelope gene (env). Blood samples were taken from 575 bovines from specialized dairies in Antioquia distributed in 53 herds and located in the three specialized milk production areas of Antioquia (north, east, and Valle de Aburrá). DNA extraction was performed by salting out, and a nested PCR was performed to detect the env gene. The products were visualized on a 2% agarose gel with GelRed as an intercalator. A molecular prevalence of BLV of 17.0% in animals and 71.7% in herds were found, being Valle de Aburrá the area where the highest rate of positive animals was obtained (21.1%), unlike the northern area with the lowest rate (15.6%). The molecular prevalence of BLV in this study is lower than that of previous studies in the department, which ranged between 47 and 73%, and this may be associated with factors of breed resistance, the age of the animals, or management practices in the herds. These results can contribute to creating BLV control strategies and optimizing milk production in the department of Antioquia, being relevant to paying attention to the behavior of this pathogen under different production system conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La COVID-19 en edades pediátricas presenta características singulares; un pequeño número de pacientes pediátricos desarrollan un estado clínico grave. Objetivos: Evaluar si la linfocitopenia es un predictor de gravedad en pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19. Métodos: Se estudiaron en 706 pacientes, las variables edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales de enfermedades crónicas de la infancia (asma bronquial, diabetes mellitus), comorbilidades, estado clínico, valores de linfocitos, conteo absoluto de linfocitos (= 1 x 109/L = linfocitopenia). De acuerdo con el estado clínico los pacientes se agruparon en 5 grupos, de asintomáticos a críticos. Se determinó la correlación entre el estado clínico y el conteo absoluto de linfocitos; de este se determinó su capacidad discriminativa para estimar el pronóstico. Resultados: La media de la edad fue 8,6 años; el 6,2 % de los pacientes evolucionó al estado grave o crítico; 74,6 % tuvo valores normales de linfocitos, el 16,14 % altos y el 9,2 % bajos. Linfocitopenia presentó el 4,2 %; se correlacionó significativamente con estado grave, área bajo la curva de 0,711 (IC 95 %: 0,595-0,827); 46 % de sensibilidad y 98 % de especificidad. Conclusiones. La linfocitopenia es un biomarcador que puede estimar el pronóstico en pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19 que desarrollan un estado clínico grave.

O linfoma mediastinal é uma neoplasia que ocorre pela proliferação desordenada de linfócitos malignos e pode acometer animais de diferentes faixas etárias. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar o caso de um felino, Sem Raça Definida, de quatro anos de idade, atendido em emergência, apresentando dificuldade respiratória e anorexia. Após realização de exame radiográfico, verificou-se efusão pleural, no qual foi realizado toracocentese em ambos os lados. Foi possível realizar o hemograma, no qual não apresentou alterações dignas de nota. O animal apresentou piora do quadro e veio a óbito. Sendo assim, realizou-se a necropsia, revelando uma enorme massa em região de mediastino. Na sequência, foi confirmado o linfoma no mediastino por meio do exame histopatológico.

Introduction: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease that primarily affects the skin and joints. Despite advances in the comprehension of the disease, there is still a lack of biomarkers available for clinical use. Objective: To evaluate neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of systemic inflammatory status in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis vulgaris, compared with controls. Methods: Observational case-control study, conducted in a public hospital unit, focused on skin disease. A total of 165 patients with psoriasis and 187 healthy subjects seen between August and December 2020 were studied. Results: The group of cases showed a greater median of NLR compared with controls (medium = 1.96, p = 0.032). When stratified by age, the median NLR was higher in individuals between 31 and 60 years, with statistical significance. No differences were identified in gender, presence of arthritis or comorbidities. Study limitations: Observational, retrospective, single-center study based on medical records review. Conclusion: NLR was higher in individuals with psoriasis when compared with controls. It is simple, inexpensive and available in all levels of care, based on an elementary laboratory test that is already part of the routine care of patients with psoriasis. Its use in evaluating systemic inflammation could contribute to better management of psoriatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphopenia has been documented as a marker of severity and complications in the COVID-19 patient. The objective was to determine lymphopenia as a severity parameter in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, by means of an observational, analytical, correlational casecontrol study, in which 140 medical records were reviewed. Sociodemographic, admission and hospitalization clinical variables, blood count values and serum biomarkers were recorded. Statistical associations were estimated using Chi² and Student's t-tests, in addition to ANOVA, Pearson's R and receiver operating characteristic (COR) curves, considering significant values of p<0.05. The most frequent gender was male. The most affected age group was 61-75 years old. The most prominent clinical forms were moderate and severe. There were differences between comorbidities and days of hospitalization. When the correlation of the relative lymphocyte value was analyzed, no association strengths were found with the variables, only with the form of clinical presentation (r2: -.290) and the outcome of the disease, the lymphocyte value showed better performance for predicting the outcome of the disease. It is suggested to use the relative value of lymphocytes during the therapeutic management of patient COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated Tweety Family Member 3 (TTYH3) level in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relationship with immune infiltration in tumors by bioinformatics. Differential expressions of TTYH3 in lung cancer were analyzed with Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, UALCAN and HPA. Relationship of TTYH3 mRNA/protein levels with clinical parameters was analyzed by UALCAN. Co-expressed genes of TTYH3 in LUAD were analyzed using Cbioportal. Its relationship with LUAD prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier plotter. GO and KEGG analysis were performed. Correlation between TTYH3 and tumor immune infiltration were tested by TIMER, TISIDB and GEPIA. We found that TTYH3 was significantly increased in LUAD tissues. TTYH3 high expression was closely related to poor overall survival, post progression survival and first progression in LUAD patients. TTYH3 mRNA/protein levels were significantly associated with multiple pathways. Specifically, TTYH3 up-regulation was mostly related to biological regulation, metabolic process, protein blinding, extracellular matrix organization and pathways in cancer. Moreover, TTYH3 was positively associated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Finally, TTYH3 was highly expressed in LUAD as revealed by meta-analysis. TTYH3 is closely related to the prognosis of LUAD and immune cell infiltration, and it can be used as a prognostic biomarker for LUAD and immune infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To determine the genotoxic effect of tartrazine on peripheral blood lymphocytes of BALB/c Mus musculus. Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out using five groups, with five mice in each group. Their weight was registered for 17 weeks, and at week 15 they were administered physiological saline solution (negative control), potassium dichromate at 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) (positive control) and tartrazine at doses of 0.75 mg/kg bw, 7.5 mg/kg bw and 75 mg/kg bw, for seven days, with the exception of the positive control which was a single dose. Then, every 24 hours, a peripheral blood sample was obtained from the tail, which was then smeared, dried and stained. Subsequently, 1000 lymphocytes were counted for each sample from each mouse, for all treatment groups. Results. The three tartrazine treatments did not cause significant differences in the weight of mice at week 15, but did produce significant differences in the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes, with the 75 mg/kg bw tartrazine treatment having the greatest genotoxic effect, inducing an average of 1.63 ± 0.08 micronucleated lymphocytes, compared to the positive control which obtained an average of 1.42 ± 0.08 micronucleated lymphocytes. Conclusions. Tartrazine produced a genotoxic effect, increasing the number of micronucleated lymphocytes, at doses of 0.75; 7.5 and 75 mg/kg bw and did not affect body weight during seven days of administration to BALB/c M. musculus.

Resumo Fundamento A estratégia farmacoinvasiva é uma alternativa na inviabilidade da intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICP). Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da estratégia farmacoinvasiva precoce sobre o tamanho da área infartada e a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda em pacientes idosos e não idosos. O papel dos marcadores inflamatórios também foi avaliado. Métodos Pacientes (n=223) com infarto do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (IAMCSST) foram prospectivamente incluídos e submetidos à trombólise medicamentosa nas primeiras seis horas, e à angiografia coronariana e à ICP, quando necessária, nas primeiras 24 horas. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas no primeiro dia (D1) e 30 dias após (D30). A ressonância magnética cardíaca foi realizada no D30. O nível de significância estatística foi estabelecido em p

Se ha documentado que la linfopenia es un marcador de gravedad y complicaciones en el paciente COVID-19. El objetivo fue determinar la linfopenia como parámetro de severidad en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2, mediante un estudio observacional, analítico correlacional caso-control, en el cual se revisaron 140 historias clínicas. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas de ingreso, de hospitalización, valores del hemograma y biomarcadores séricos. Las asociaciones estadísticas se estimaron mediante las pruebas Chi2 y t de student, además de ANOVA, R de Pearson y curvas de las características operativas del receptor (COR), considerando significativos valores de p

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a multisystemic disease. Despite the improvement in mortality rate since the introduction of immunosuppression, long-term prognosis is still uncertain not only because of the disease activity but also due to treatment associated adverse effects. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been demonstrated as an inflammatory marker in multiple settings. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic ability of the NLR in AAV patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of all adult patients with AVV admitted to the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte from January 2006 to December 2019. NLR was calculated at admission. The outcomes measured were severe infection at 3 months and one-year mortality. The prognostic ability of the NLR was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A cut-off value was defined as that with the highest validity. All variables underwent univariate analysis to determine statistically significant factors that may have outcomes. Only variables which significantly differed were used in the multivariate analysis using the logistic regression method. Results: We registered 45 cases of AVV. The mean age at diagnosis was 67.5 ± 12.1 years and 23 patients were male. The mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) at presentation was 26.0 ± 10.4. Twenty-nine patients were ANCA-MPO positive, 7 ANCA-PR3 positive and 9 were considered negative ANCA vasculitis. At admission, mean serum creatinine (SCr) was 4.9 ± 2.5 mg/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 76.9 ± 33.8 mm/h, hemoglobin was 9.5 ± 1.7 g/dL, C-reactive protein was 13.2 ± 5.8 mg/dL and NLR was 8.5 ± 6.8. Thirty-five patients were treated with cyclophosphamide, eight patients with rituximab for induction therapy. Twenty patients developed severe infection within the first three months after starting induction immunosuppression. In a multivariate analysis, older age (73.6 ± 10.5 vs. 62.6 ± 11.3, p = 0.002, adjusted OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.01–1.16], p = 0.035) and higher NLR (11.9 ± 7.4 vs. 5.9 ± 5.0, p = 0.002, adjusted OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.01–1.29], p = 0.035) were predictors of severe infection at 3 months. NLR ≥4.04 predicted severe infection at 3 months with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 52% and the AUROC curve was 0.0794 (95% CI 0.647–0.900). Nine patients died within the first year. Severe infection at 3 months was independently associated with mortality within the first year (OR 6.19 [95% CI 1.12–34.32], p = 0.037). Conclusions: NLR at diagnosis was an independent predictor of severe infection within the first 3 months after immunosuppression start, and severe infection within the first three months was consequently correlated with one-year mortality. NLR is an easily calculated and low-cost laboratory inflammation biomarker and can prove useful in identifying AAV patients at risk of infection and poorer prognosis. Resumen: Introducción: La vasculitis asociada a anticuerpos (VAA) contra citoplasma de neutrófilos es una enfermedad multisistémica. A pesar de la mejora de la tasa de mortalidad desde la introducción de la inmunosupresión, el pronóstico a largo plazo sigue siendo incierto no solo por la actividad de la enfermedad sino también por los efectos adversos asociados al tratamiento. Se ha demostrado que la proporción entre neutrófilos y linfocitos (PNL) es un marcador de inflamación en varios contextos. En este estudio se propuso investigar la capacidad de pronóstico de la PNL en pacientes con VAA. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes adultos con VAA ingresados en el Departamento de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal del Centro Hospitalario Universitario Lisboa Norte entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2019. La PNL se calculó en el momento del ingreso. Los resultados medidos fueron la infección grave a los 3 meses y la mortalidad al año. La capacidad de pronóstico de la PNL se determinó utilizando la curva de características operativas del receptor (COR). Se definió un valor de corte como el de mayor validez. Todas las variables se sometieron a un análisis univariado para determinar los factores estadísticamente significativos que pueden tener resultados. En el análisis multivariado se utilizaron solo las variables que diferían significativamente, empleando el método de regresión logística. Resultados: Se registraron 45 casos de VAA. La edad media en el momento del diagnóstico era de 67,5 ± 12,1 años y 23 pacientes eran hombres. La media de la puntuación de actividad de la vasculitis de Birmingham (BVAS) en el momento de la presentación era de 26,0 ± 10,4. Veintinueve pacientes dieron positivo en MPO-ANCA, 7 dieron positivo en PR3-ANCA y 9 dieron negativo en vasculitis asociada a ANCA. En el momento del ingreso, el nivel de creatinina sérica (SCr) media era de 4,9 ± 2,5 mg/dl, la velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG) era de 76,9 ± 33,8 mm/h, el nivel de hemoglobina era de 9,5 ± 1,7 g/dl, el nivel de proteína C reactiva era de 13,2 ± 5,8 mg/dl y la PNL era de 8,5 ± 6,8. Treinta y cinco pacientes se trataron con ciclofosfamida y 8 con rituximab para un tratamiento de inducción. Veinte pacientes desarrollaron una infección grave en los primeros 3 meses después de iniciar la inmunosupresión por inducción. En un análisis multivariado, una edad superior (73,6 ± 10,5 frente a 62,6 ± 11,3, p = 0,002, OR ajustado 1,08 [IC del 95%: 1,01-1,16], p = 0,035) y una PNL superior (11,9 ± 7,4 frente a 5,9 ± 5,0, p = 0,002, OR ajustado 1,14 [IC del 95%: 1,01-1,29], p = 0,035) fueron indicadores de una infección grave a los 3 meses. Una PNL ≥ 4,04 predijo una infección grave a los 3 meses con una sensibilidad del 95% y una especificidad del 52% y la curva AUROC fue de 0,0794 (IC del 95%: 0,647-0,900). Nueve pacientes fallecieron en el primer año. La infección grave a los 3 meses estaba asociada de manera independiente a la mortalidad en el primer año (OR 6,19 [IC del 95%: 1,12-34,32], p = 0,037). Conclusiones: La PNL en el momento del diagnóstico fue un indicador independiente de la infección grave en los primeros 3 meses después del inicio de la inmunosupresión. La infección grave en los primeros 3 meses se correlacionó como consecuencia con la mortalidad al año. La PNL es un biomarcador de inflamación para pruebas analíticas fácil de calcular y de bajo coste, y puede resultar útil para identificar a los pacientes con VAA que corren riesgo de contraer una infección y tienen un pronóstico más desfavorable.

INTRODUÇÃO. A pandemia pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) trouxe muitas incertezas sobre quais parâmetros laboratoriais seriam mais adequados durante a evolução da COVID 19. OBJETIVOS. Correlacionar os resultados do hemograma (HGM), da relação neutrófilos/linfócitos (R N/L), da proteína C reativa (PCR) e dos achados morfológicos de indivíduos diagnosticados com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 através de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (RT-PCR) em um laboratório particular de Belém, Pará, no período de março a setembro de 2020. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS. Estudo retrospectivo com 30 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, qualquer idade e queixa clínica, de origem domiciliar ou hospitalar que realizaram HGM, PCR e RT-PCR para COVID 19 até o 8o dia de infecção. As alterações morfológicas foram analisadas após a seleção das lâminas desses pacientes. RESULTADOS. Amostra composta por 15 homens e 15 mulheres, com idades entre 7 e 92 anos. Desses, 12/30 indivíduos estavam em domicílio e 18/30 internados. As principais queixas foram febre, mal-estar geral, diarreia e desconforto respiratório. O estudo estatístico mostrou a existência de relação de dependência direta entre os aumentos da R N/L, PCR e necessidade de internação (p=0,0005). A análise morfológica mostrou neutrófilos hipossegmentados com granulações tóxicas, monócitos vacuolizados e linfócitos reativos com citoplasma basofílico. CONCLUSÃO. Nossos resultados associam os níveis intermediários e elevados da R N/L com o aumento de PCR e a gravidade da doença, porém, sem relação com os achados morfológicos em neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos que foram comuns a todos os pacientes diagnosticados até o 8o dia de infecção.

Disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is characterized by fever, cough, and affection of the lower respiratory tract. It is associated with age, comorbidities and a weakened immune system. Typically, lymphopenias have been evidenced in severe cases and an excessive production of inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), which would explain the role of the hyperinflammatory response in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Secondary inflammatory responses from virus reinfections may induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a viremic phenomenon that may be an alternative mechanism of cellular infection and should be considered when designing vaccines or immunotherapies involving the stimulation of neutralizing antibodies or the use of monoclonal antibodies. Currently, no vaccines or treatments demonstrate safety and efficacy in patients with COVID-19. However, the results from phase III clinical trials which involve the application of an mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) nucleic acid vaccine and an antiviral drug (remdisivir), are yet to be concluded. For the time being, the best measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is by implementing social isolation, this measure has been adopted by several countries as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of post-thoracotomy analgesia with dexmedetomidine and morphine on immunocytes. Methods: A total of 118 patients with post-thoracotomy Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA) in our hospital from March 2016 to July 2018 were randomly selected and divided into the Composite (COM) Group (57 patients administered with dexmedetomidine [1.0 μg.kg-1 body weight] and morphine [0.48 mg.kg-1 body weight]) and the Morphine (MOR) group (61 patients administered with morphine [0.48 mg.kg-1]). The values of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and Natural Killer cells in the peripheral blood of these two groups were detected by FACSCalibur flow cytometry at different time points (before anesthesia induction [T0], immediately after tracheal extubation [T1], 12 hours after surgery [T2], 24 hours after surgery [T3], 48 hours after surgery [T4], 72 hours after surgery [T5], and 7 days after surgery [T6]). The doses of morphine at T3 to T5 and the adverse reactions between the two groups were also recorded and compared. Results: The CD3+ level and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio at T2 to T5 and the CD4+ level and NK cells at T3 to T5 were significantly higher in the COM Group than in the MOR Group (p< 0.05). The postoperative morphine dose and the incidence of postoperative itching, nausea, and vomiting were significantly lower in the COM Group than in the MOR Group (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine combined with morphine for post-thoracotomy PCIA can improve the function of immunocytes, reduce morphine consumption, and reduce the adverse reactions during analgesia induction. Resumo: Objetivo: Estudar o impacto em linfócitos causado pelo uso da dexmedetomidina associada à morfina para analgesia pós-toracotomia. Método: Um total de 118 pacientes utilizando Analgesia Intravenosa Controlada pelo Paciente (AICP) pós-toracotomia em nosso hospital de Março de 2016 a Julho de 2018 foram selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo Gombinado [COM, 57 pacientes que receberam dexmedetomidina (1,0 μg.kg-1 de peso corpóreo) associada à morfina (0,48 mg.kg-1 de peso corpóreo)] e o Grupo Morfina [MOR, 61 pacientes, que receberam somente morfina (0,48 mg.kg-1)]. Os valores dos subconjuntos de linfócitos (CD3+, CD4+ e CD8+) e das células NK no sangue periférico desses dois grupos foram medidos por citometria de fluxo FACSCalibur em diferentes momentos do estudo [antes da indução anestésica (T0), imediatamente após extubação traqueal (T1), 12 horas após a cirurgia (T2), 24 horas após a cirurgia (T3), 48 horas após a cirurgia (T4), 72 horas após a cirurgia (T5) e 7 dias após a cirurgia (T6)]. As doses de morfina do momento T3 ao T5 e as reações adversas entre os dois grupos também foram registradas e comparadas. Resultados: O nível de CD3+ e a razão CD4+/CD8+ de T2 a T5, e o nível de CD4+ e as células NK de T3 a T5 do Grupo COM foram significantemente maiores (p < 0,05), quando comparados ao Grupo MOR. A dose de morfina no pós-operatório e a incidência de prurido, náusea e vômito no pós-operatório foram significantemente menores no grupo MOR (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Dexmedetomidina combinada com morfina para AICP no período pós-toracotomia pode melhorar a função dos linfócitos, reduzir o consumo de morfina e diminuir reações adversas durante a analgesia.

En 1980 se describe por primera vez que la vitamina D, además de su función reguladora en la homeostasis del calcio y fósforo, tiene un papel relevante en la modulación de la respuesta inmune. Su acción se ejerce a través de la unión con su receptor. El receptor se encuentra presente en células de diferentes tejidos y del sistema inmune como las células dendríticas, macrófagos y linfocitos T. En el sistema inmune produce inhibición de la diferenciación y maduración de las células dendríticas, interfiriendo en su capacidad presentadora de antígenos a los linfocitos T específicos. Produce además disminución de la transcripción de genes que codifican interleuquina 2, interleuquina 12, interferón y factor de necrosis tumoral Q produciendo un desequilibrio entre los linfocitos T auxiliares Th 1 y Th 2. La actividad inmunorreguladora de la vitamina D podría ser utilizada como estrategia terapéutica en enfermedades autoinmunes.

La inmunodeficiencia combinada grave es una enfermedad hereditaria ligada al cromosoma X en donde existen anomalías en las funciones de los linfocitos T, B y NK, el cual puede ser mixta y afectar dos o más de estas poblaciones celulares, aún no existe un registro amplio de esta enfermedad dado que es de muy baja incidencia, y a pesar de no tener cura, su pronóstico es relativamente favorable si es detectado a tiempo. Actualmente existen algunos tratamientos para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente como el trasplante de medula ósea, o remplazo de inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV), esta revisión pretende explicar los procesos involucrados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad.

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) of the cervix involve dysplastic change, or abnormal cell maturation and their progression can result in cervical carcinoma. Some studies have reported the importance of the immune system in the process of tumor progression. Therefore, it is important to characterize the inflammatory infiltration as a possible marker of prognosis. Aim: to analyze density of the inflammatory infiltrate in different degrees of SIL and in cervical cancer to understand local and systemic changes in the interactions between HPV associated cervical lesions and the immune system. Methods: one hundred and eight (108) cervical biopsy specimens were obtained from patients treated at the tertiary hospital and were stratified into four groups: Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), cervical cancer (CC) and negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy (NILM). Histomorphometric analysis was performed from the identification and quantification of inflammatory cells in ten (10) fields per sample in images captured by a digital system and analyzed using the software Leica Qwin Pro V 3.5.1, Leica Microsystems Ltd. Differences between groups were evaluated by Anova followed by Tukey test. Tests yielding p values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: we found a significant increase in the average number of lymphocytes (cells/mm² and cells/field) in samples of CC in relation to the other groups. No statistical difference was observed in relation to neutrophils, plasma cells and eosinophils. Conclusion: cervical cancer specimens had significantly more lymphocytes than NILM, or LSIL and HSIL, suggesting that this cell type plays a central role in cellular immunity against cervical carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inflammatory infiltrates are frequently present in melanocytic lesions, with different distribution and composition. Much attention has been devoted to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the tumor microenvironment, establishing their prognostic and predictive value in many malignancies, including melanoma. However, lymphocytes, albeit the most numerous and consistent presence, constitute only part of the immune microenvironment. Other inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils and mast cells, are found in melanoma and other melanocytic lesions. Few studies offer a detailed count of these inflammatory infiltrates across the spectrum of melanocytic lesions. By using whole slide image analysis and open source software, in the present study we report the enumeration of different inflammatory infiltrates in benign melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, melanoma in situ and invasive malignant melanomas. Significant higher numbers of plasma cells and neutrophils were observed in melanoma. These results indicate that composition of the inflammatory infiltrate may contribute to the diagnostic algorithm of melanocytic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se evaluó el efecto del plaguicida organofosforado diazinón sobre el cultivo de linfocitos de sangre periférica humana. Este plaguicida se utiliza para el control de plagas de insectos y como acaricida. Las aplicaciones se hicieron con dos presentaciones distintas: una comercial de uso común, denominado Knox Out® y otra presentación de grado analítico de estándar. Para la obtención de células se empleó el método de sedimentación de eritrocitos. Los linfocitos aislados se incubaron en medio de cultivo por 24, 48 y 72 h, y fueron expuestos a diferentes concentraciones de diazinón (μM-mM). Los diferentes tratamientos se realizaron en ausencia o presencia del mitógeno fitohemaglutinina (PHA). Se realizó un primer set de barridos de diazinón sin PHA utilizando un amplio margen de concentraciones de 0.1 a 1 mM y un segundo set de experimentos con concentraciones de 5 μM hasta un máximo de 50 μM, en ausencia y presencia de PHA. Los resultados del primer set no mostraron efectos totalmente letales sobre los linfocitos visiblemente expuestos al microscopio. Las concentraciones del set de entre 5 y 50 μM fueron las que presentaron un mayor efecto sobre los linfocitos, disminuyendo el número de células viables o estimulando la proliferación sobre el control. Este resultado no se observó con diazinón comercial y PHA, donde sólo disminuyó el número de células viables. Se visualizaron, de forma ocasional, células con indicios de necrosis y apoptosis en los cultivos expuestos al diazinón. Abstract The effect of diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide used to control pests such as acarine and insects, was evaluated in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocyres. Two diazinon presentations were used: commercially available diazinon (Knox Out®, Mexico) and an analytical grade standard. The lymphocytes cellular pellet was obtained by the erythrocyte sedimentation method to obtain the mononuclear cells suspended in plasma. The lymphocytes were incubated in culture medium for 24, 48 and 72 h, in absence and presence of different diazinon concentrations (μM-mM). These treatments were in absence and presence of mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). An initial study was carried out with a broad range of diazinon concentrations (0.1-1 mM) without PHA and since high concentration showed no effect, a second set of experiments was repeated using concentrations ranging from 5 until 50 μM of both pure and commercial diazinon, in the absence or presence of PHA. No significant effects were detected for the concentrations between 0.1 and 1 mM. Concentrations of 5 to 50 μM drastically caused reduction of cell viability or stimulated lymphocyte proliferation over control. Nevertheless, this effect was not observed in the presence of diazinon and PHA, only a decrease the quantity of viable cells was observed. Additionally, necrotic and apoptotic cells were visualized in cultures exposed to diazinon. Keywords: Organophosphate pesticide, lymphocyte, cell culture.

O exercício físico gera um desvio da homeostase e a reorganização das respostas de diversos sistemas, entre eles o sistema imune. A resposta aguda do sistema imune pode estar sujeita a mudanças de acordo com a intensidade do exercício praticado. O objetivo do estudo é observar a resposta da proliferação linfocitária à prática de sessões de exercício físico aeróbio de diferentes intensidades. Para tal, foram avaliados dez voluntários (23,50 ± 3,43 anos), que realizaram sessões de exercício aeróbio em bicicleta indoor nas intensidades moderada (40-59% da frequência cardíaca de reserva - FCr) e vigorosa (60-89% da FCr). Houve coleta de sangue venoso para análise da proliferação linfocitária antes (baseline) e após cada uma das sessões. A proliferação linfocitária foi estimulada através de Concanavalina A e mensurada através do ensaio de Alamar Blue® por análise fluorimétrica após 24h, 48h e 72h de cultivo. A análise estatística compreendeu comparações repetidas entre as diferentes sessões e o baseline por ANOVA two-way, considerando um p < 0,05. A sessão de exercício de intensidade vigorosa apresentou diminuição significativa da proliferação linfocitária basal de 21,96% (p = 0,011) em 24h, 37,46% (p = 0,001) em 48h e 27,61% (p = 0,005) em 72h quando comparada com o baseline. A sessão de exercício de intensidade moderada mostrou um aumento de 42,17% (p = 0,001), 36,89% (p = 0,011) e 30,84% (p = 0,001) para os mesmos tempos. Houve diferença significativa no delta de variação na comparação entre as intensidades (p < 0,005). A prática aguda de exercício físico aeróbio em intensidades moderada e vigorosa foi associada ao aumento e diminuição, respectivamente, da proliferação linfocitária de adultos.

Objetivo: evaluar efecto genotóxico y mutagénico en linfocitos humanos expuestos a nanotubos de carbono (NTC) prístinos y dopados con Nitrógeno. Métodos: linfocitos humanos fueron expuestos a NTC dopados y prístinos (0.08, 0.09, 0.1mg/mL), se evaluó alteraciones cromosómicas e intercambio de cromátidas hermanas (ICH). Resultados: se presentaron rupturas cromatídicas y cromosómicas en linfocitos expuestos a 0.1mg/mL y 0.08mg/mL de NTC prístinos. NTC dopados, indujeron cromosomas dicéntricos y anillos cromosómicos. Se presentó diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de ICH de células tratadas con NTC dopados versus control negativo y NTC prístinos (p

The purpose of this research is to clarify aspects of the pathogenesis of Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally inoculated day-old turkeys. Three treatments were conducted among a total of 120 turkeys; one control group and two treatment groups in which 6 x 102 CFU mL-1 and 7 x 105 CFU mL-1, respectively, of Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated in the crops. Two birds from each treatment were sacrificed and necropsied at 1, 3, 4, 12, 18, and 24 hours, and 3, 4, 38, and 49 days post-inoculation. We re-isolated Salmonella, measured lymphocytes, and conducted immunohistochemical tests. Six hours post-inoculation, Salmonella was found in the investigated organs (yolk sac, cecum, fragments of spleen, and bursa of Fabricius) with conventional bacteriology and immunohistochemistry, and was continuously detected in almost all analyzed organs until turkeys were four-days old. Further, Salmonella was detected after 38 days in cecum, when the concentration 7 x 105 CFU mL-1 was given. At both inoculation concentrations, the number of lymphocytes was similar; larger quantities were found in the first hour post-inoculation, followed by a gradual reduction, reaching the lowest levels at 24 hours after inoculation. Afterwards, lymphocytes increased discreetly, remaining at the same level until 49 days after inoculation. In conclusion, inoculation concentration influences mitigation, dissemination, elimination, and persistence of this pathogen in turkeys. Lower concentrations promote less invasion as well as lower cell stain and lower lymphocyte count.

Objective: To evaluate the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of pre-eclampsia in pregnant patients of the Hospital General de Latacunga, Ecuador. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, control case study was carried out in patients with pre-eclampsia diagnosis admitted in the mentioned hospital, during the period January to June 2018. The sample selection was made by an intentional sampling, obtaining a final sample of 110 pre-eclamptic patients and at least 1 control patient. All of them had a complete hematology and the LNR was classified as low (<4.1) and high (>4.1). Results: In total, 110 patients with pre-eclampsia and 177 control patients were evaluated. Patients with pre-eclampsia showed a higher frequency of cesarean delivery, nulliparity, and a history of pre-eclampsia, as well as a higher overall age, weeks of gestational age, neutrophil count, and NLR (normotensive: 3±0.4 vs pre-eclamptic: 4.9±1.2). When classifying the NLR, it was observed a sensitivity: 83.6%; specificity: 83.1%; Positive Predictive Value: 75.4%; Negative Predictive Value: 89.1%forthe diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: NLR is an inflammatory biomarker that is higher in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to normotensive patients, and it also shows high sensitivity and specificity values for pre-eclampsia diagnosis in pregnant women admitted to the Hospital General de Latacunga, Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estudar o impacto em linfócitos causado pelo uso da dexmedetomidina associada à morfina para analgesia pós‐toracotomia. Um total de 118 pacientes utilizando Analgesia Intravenosa Controlada pelo Paciente (AICP) pós‐toracotomia em nosso hospital, de março de 2016 a julho de 2018, foram selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo Combinado [COM, 57 pacientes que receberam dexmedetomidina (1,0 μg.kg‐1 de peso corpóreo) associada à morfina (0,48 mg.kg‐1 de peso corpóreo)] e o Grupo Morfina [MOR, 61 pacientes, que receberam somente morfina (0,48 mg.kg‐)]. Os valores dos subconjuntos de linfócitos (CD3+, CD4+ e CD8+) e das células NK no sangue periférico desses dois grupos foram medidos por citometria de fluxo FACSCalibur em diferentes momentos do estudo [antes da indução anestésica (T0), imediatamente após extubação traqueal (T1), 12 horas após a cirurgia (T2), 24 horas após a cirurgia (T3), 48 horas após a cirurgia (T4), 72 horas após a cirurgia (T5) e 7 dias após a cirurgia (T6)]. As doses de morfina do momento T3 ao T5 e as reações adversas entre os dois grupos também foram registradas e comparadas. O nível de CD3+ e a razão CD4+/CD8+ de T2 a T5, e o nível de CD4+ e as células NK de T3 a T5 do Grupo COM foram significantemente maiores (p < 0,05) quando comparados ao Grupo MOR. A dose de morfina no pós‐operatório e a incidência de prurido, náusea e vômito no pós‐operatório foram significantemente menores no grupo MOR (p < 0,05). Dexmedetomidina combinada com morfina para AICP no período pós‐toracotomia pode melhorar a função dos linfócitos, reduzir o consumo de morfina e diminuir reações adversas durante a analgesia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of post‐thoracotomy analgesia with dexmedetomidine and morphine on immunocytes. A total of 118 patients with post‐thoracotomy Patient‐Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA) in our hospital from March 2016 to July 2018 were randomly selected and divided into the Composite (COM) Group (57 patients administered with dexmedetomidine [1.0 μg.kg‐1 body weight] and morphine [0.48 mg.kg‐1 body weight]) and the Morphine (MOR) Group (61 patients administered with morphine [0.48 mg.kg‐1). The values of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and Natural Killer cells in the peripheral blood of these two groups were detected by FACSCalibur flow cytometry at different time points (before anesthesia induction [T0], immediately after tracheal extubation [T1], 12 hours after surgery [T2], 24 hours after surgery [T3], 48 hours after surgery [T4], 72 hours after surgery [T5], and 7 days after surgery [T6]). The doses of morphine at T3 to T5 and the adverse reactions between the two groups were also recorded and compared. The CD3+ level and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio at T2 to T5 and the CD4+ level and NK cells at T3 to T5 were significantly higher in the COM Group than in the MOR Group (p < 0.05). The postoperative morphine dose and the incidence of postoperative itching, nausea, and vomiting were significantly lower in the COM Group than in the MOR Group (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine combined with morphine for post‐thoracotomy PCIA can improve the function of immunocytes, reduce morphine consumption, and reduce the adverse reactions during analgesia induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: Clorpirifos es un pesticida altamente tóxico, que puede producir inmunotoxicidad con efectos deletéreos sobre la salud a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, las plantas americanas pueden tener derivados con actividad protectora e inmunoestimulante. Por lo tanto, debe evaluarse el potencial de estas plantas frente a clorpirifos. Objetivo: Identificar extractos acuosos bioactivos de Lantana grisebachii (LG), Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (AQ), Peumus boldus (PB), e Ilex paraguariensis (IP), contra la toxicidad de clorpirifos sobre esplenocitos de hembras Balb/c. Materiales y Métodos: Esplenocitos fueron tratados in vitro por 72 horas con 0-35 µg/mL de clorpirifos, 0-100 µg/mL de cada extracto (LG, AQ, PB, IP) y 0-5 µg/mL de concanavalina A. Luego, se midió y analizó estadísticamente viabilidad y muerte celular (tinciones de resazurina y yoduro de propidio), hidroperóxidos, lipoperóxidos (ensayos basados en naranja de xilenol), actividad de la ?-glutamiltranspeptidasa (método de Szasz). Resultados: Clorpirifos redujo la viabilidad celular de forma dosis dependiente, lo que fue contrarrestado por AQ e IP, los que fueron menos activos en las células inducibles por concanavalina A (pIlex paraguariensis y Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco protegieron in vitro a los esplenocitos frente a clorpirifos. Este efecto dependió del tipo celular, dado que las células inducibles por concanavalina A fueron más susceptibles a este tóxico.