3,401 results on '"lin, Lei"'
Search Results
2. An Attention-Based Denoising Framework for Personality Detection in Social Media Texts
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Tang, Qirui, Jiang, Wenkang, Du, Yihua, and Lin, Lei
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Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
In social media networks, users produce a large amount of text content anytime, providing researchers with a valuable approach to digging for personality-related information. Personality detection based on user-generated texts is a universal method that can be used to build user portraits. The presence of noise in social media texts hinders personality detection. However, previous studies have not fully addressed this challenge. Inspired by the scanning reading technique, we propose an attention-based information extraction mechanism (AIEM) for long texts, which is applied to quickly locate valuable pieces of information, and focus more attention on the deep semantics of key pieces. Then, we provide a novel attention-based denoising framework (ADF) for personality detection tasks and achieve state-of-the-art performance on two commonly used datasets. Notably, we obtain an average accuracy improvement of 10.2% on the gold standard Twitter-Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Twitter-MBTI) dataset. We made our code publicly available on GitHub. We shed light on how AIEM works to magnify personality-related signals.
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- 2023
3. Just Ask One More Time! Self-Agreement Improves Reasoning of Language Models in (Almost) All Scenarios
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Lin, Lei, Fu, Jiayi, Liu, Pengli, Li, Qingyang, Gong, Yan, Wan, Junchen, Zhang, Fuzheng, Wang, Zhongyuan, Zhang, Di, and Gai, Kun
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Although chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting combined with language models has achieved encouraging results on complex reasoning tasks, the naive greedy decoding used in CoT prompting usually causes the repetitiveness and local optimality. To address this shortcoming, ensemble-optimization tries to obtain multiple reasoning paths to get the final answer assembly. However, current ensemble-optimization methods either simply employ rule-based post-processing such as \textit{self-consistency}, or train an additional model based on several task-related human annotations to select the best one among multiple reasoning paths, yet fail to generalize to realistic settings where the type of input questions is unknown or the answer format of reasoning paths is unknown. To avoid their limitations, we propose \textbf{Self-Agreement}, a generalizable ensemble-optimization method applying in almost all scenarios where the type of input questions and the answer format of reasoning paths may be known or unknown. Self-agreement firstly samples from language model's decoder to generate a \textit{diverse} set of reasoning paths, and subsequently prompts the language model \textit{one more time} to determine the optimal answer by selecting the most \textit{agreed} answer among the sampled reasoning paths. Self-agreement simultaneously achieves remarkable performance on six public reasoning benchmarks and superior generalization capabilities., Comment: Accepted by Findings of ACL 2024
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- 2023
4. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity associated with an endangered species, Chamaecyparis formosensis, in the nature habitat
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Lin, Tzu-Chao, Lin, Wan-Rou, Lin, Lei-Chen, and Wang, Pi-Han
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- 2024
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5. SeisGAN: Improving Seismic Image Resolution and Reducing Random Noise Using a Generative Adversarial Network
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Lin, Lei, Zhong, Zhi, Cai, Chuyang, Li, Chenglong, and Zhang, Heng
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- 2024
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6. Skywork: A More Open Bilingual Foundation Model
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Wei, Tianwen, Zhao, Liang, Zhang, Lichang, Zhu, Bo, Wang, Lijie, Yang, Haihua, Li, Biye, Cheng, Cheng, Lü, Weiwei, Hu, Rui, Li, Chenxia, Yang, Liu, Luo, Xilin, Wu, Xuejie, Liu, Lunan, Cheng, Wenjun, Cheng, Peng, Zhang, Jianhao, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Lin, Lei, Wang, Xiaokun, Ma, Yutuan, Dong, Chuanhai, Sun, Yanqi, Chen, Yifu, Peng, Yongyi, Liang, Xiaojuan, Yan, Shuicheng, Fang, Han, and Zhou, Yahui
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
In this technical report, we present Skywork-13B, a family of large language models (LLMs) trained on a corpus of over 3.2 trillion tokens drawn from both English and Chinese texts. This bilingual foundation model is the most extensively trained and openly published LLMs of comparable size to date. We introduce a two-stage training methodology using a segmented corpus, targeting general purpose training and then domain-specific enhancement training, respectively. We show that our model not only excels on popular benchmarks, but also achieves \emph{state of the art} performance in Chinese language modeling on diverse domains. Furthermore, we propose a novel leakage detection method, demonstrating that test data contamination is a pressing issue warranting further investigation by the LLM community. To spur future research, we release Skywork-13B along with checkpoints obtained during intermediate stages of the training process. We are also releasing part of our SkyPile corpus, a collection of over 150 billion tokens of web text, which is the largest high quality open Chinese pre-training corpus to date. We hope Skywork-13B and our open corpus will serve as a valuable open-source resource to democratize access to high-quality LLMs.
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- 2023
7. SkyMath: Technical Report
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Yang, Liu, Yang, Haihua, Cheng, Wenjun, Lin, Lei, Li, Chenxia, Chen, Yifu, Liu, Lunan, Pan, Jianfei, Wei, Tianwen, Li, Biye, Zhao, Liang, Wang, Lijie, Zhu, Bo, Li, Guoliang, Wu, Xuejie, Luo, Xilin, and Hu, Rui
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential to solve varieties of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including mathematical reasoning. In this work, we present SkyMath, a large language model for mathematics with 13 billion parameters. By applying self-compare fine-tuning, we have enhanced mathematical reasoning abilities of Skywork-13B-Base remarkably. On GSM8K, SkyMath outperforms all known open-source models of similar size and has established a new SOTA performance.
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- 2023
8. KwaiYiiMath: Technical Report
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Fu, Jiayi, Lin, Lei, Gao, Xiaoyang, Liu, Pengli, Chen, Zhengzong, Yang, Zhirui, Zhang, Shengnan, Zheng, Xue, Li, Yan, Liu, Yuliang, Ye, Xucheng, Liao, Yiqiao, Liao, Chao, Chen, Bin, Song, Chengru, Wan, Junchen, Lin, Zijia, Zhang, Fuzheng, Wang, Zhongyuan, Zhang, Di, and Gai, Kun
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in handling a variety of natural language processing (NLP) downstream tasks, even on mathematical tasks requiring multi-step reasoning. In this report, we introduce the KwaiYiiMath which enhances the mathematical reasoning abilities of KwaiYiiBase1, by applying Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforced Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), including on both English and Chinese mathematical tasks. Meanwhile, we also constructed a small-scale Chinese primary school mathematics test set (named KMath), consisting of 188 examples to evaluate the correctness of the problem-solving process generated by the models. Empirical studies demonstrate that KwaiYiiMath can achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on GSM8k, CMath, and KMath compared with the similar size models, respectively., Comment: technical report. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2306.16636 by other authors
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- 2023
9. SkipcrossNets: Adaptive Skip-cross Fusion for Road Detection
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Gong, Yan, Zhang, Xinyu, Liu, Hao, Jiang, Xinmin, Li, Zhiwei, Gao, Xin, Lin, Lei, Jin, Dafeng, Li, Jun, and Liu, Huaping
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Multi-modal fusion is increasingly being used for autonomous driving tasks, as different modalities provide unique information for feature extraction. However, the existing two-stream networks are only fused at a specific network layer, which requires a lot of manual attempts to set up. As the CNN goes deeper, the two modal features become more and more advanced and abstract, and the fusion occurs at the feature level with a large gap, which can easily hurt the performance. To reduce the loss of height and depth information during the process of projecting point clouds into 2D space, we utilize calibration parameters to project the point cloud into Altitude Difference Images (ADIs), which exhibit more distinct road features. In this study, we propose a novel fusion architecture called Skip-cross Networks (SkipcrossNets), which combine adaptively ADIs and camera images without being bound to a certain fusion epoch. Specifically, skip-cross fusion strategy connects each layer to each layer in a feed-forward manner, and for each layer, the feature maps of all previous layers are used as input and its own feature maps are used as input to all subsequent layers for the other modality, enhancing feature propagation and multi-modal features fusion. This strategy facilitates selection of the most similar feature layers from two modalities, enhancing feature reuse and providing complementary effects for sparse point cloud features. The advantages of skip-cross fusion strategy is demonstrated through application to the KITTI and A2D2 datasets, achieving a MaxF score of 96.85% on KITTI and an F1 score of 84.84% on A2D2. The model parameters require only 2.33 MB of memory at a speed of 68.24 FPS, which can be viable for mobile terminals and embedded devices.
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- 2023
10. An adaptive finite element DtN method for the acoustic-elastic interaction problem
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Lin, Lei, Lv, Junliang, and Li, Shuxin
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- 2024
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11. Lineage-specific pathogenicity, immune evasion, and virological features of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86/JN.1 and EG.5.1/HK.3
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Yuanchen Liu, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jialu Shi, Yajie Wang, Huan Liu, Ye-Fan Hu, Bingjie Hu, Huiping Shuai, Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen, Yue Chai, Feifei Liu, Hua-Rui Gong, Jiayan Li, Xun Wang, Shujun Jiang, Xiang Zhang, Yanliang Zhang, Xiangnan Li, Lei Wang, Madeline Hartnoll, Tianrenzheng Zhu, Yuxin Hou, Xiner Huang, Chaemin Yoon, Yang Wang, Yixin He, Minmin Zhou, Lianzhao Du, Xiaojuan Zhang, Wan-Mui Chan, Lin-Lei Chen, Jian-Piao Cai, Shuofeng Yuan, Jie Zhou, Jian-Dong Huang, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Bao-Zhong Zhang, Lei Sun, Pengfei Wang, and Hin Chu
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Science - Abstract
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 with an additional L455S mutation on spike when compared with its parental variant BA.2.86 has outcompeted all earlier variants to become the dominant circulating variant. Recent studies investigated the immune resistance of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 but additional factors are speculated to contribute to its global dominance, which remain elusive until today. Here, we find that SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 has a higher infectivity than BA.2.86 in differentiated primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the gained infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 over BA.2.86 associates with increased entry efficiency conferred by L455S and better spike cleavage in hNECs. Structurally, S455 altered the mode of binding of JN.1 spike protein to ACE2 when compared to BA.2.86 spike at ACE2H34, and modified the internal structure of JN.1 spike protein by increasing the number of hydrogen bonds with neighboring residues. These findings indicate that a single mutation (L455S) enhances virus entry in hNECs and increases immune evasiveness, which contribute to the robust transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1. We further evaluate the in vitro and in vivo virological characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86/JN.1 and EG.5.1/HK.3, and identify key lineage-specific features of the two Omicron sublineages that contribute to our understanding on Omicron antigenicity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity.
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- 2024
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12. Expression of hepatic genes involved in bile acid metabolism in dairy cows with fatty liver
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Xiliang Du, Mingchao Liu, Erminio Trevisi, Lingxue Ju, Yuting Yang, Wenwen Gao, Yuxiang Song, Lin Lei, Majigsuren Zolzaya, Xinwei Li, Zhiyuan Fang, and Guowen Liu
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bile acid ,CYP7A1 ,FXR ,hepatocyte ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bile acids are cholesterol-derived molecules that are primarily produced in the liver. In nonruminants with fatty liver, overproduction of bile acids is associated with liver injury. During the transition period, fatty liver is a metabolic disorder that can affect up to 50% of high-producing dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of hepatic bile acid metabolism in dairy cows with fatty liver by assessing the expression changes of genes involved in bile acid synthesis, export, and uptake. The serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase and the concentration of total bile acids were all greater, whereas the serum concentration of total cholesterol was lower in cows with fatty liver than in healthy cows. The content of total bile acids was higher, but total cholesterol was slightly lower in liver tissues from fatty liver cows than from healthy cows. The hepatic mRNA abundance of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1); hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 β- and steroid delta-isomerase 7 (HSD3B7); and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1), enzymes involved in the classic pathway of bile acid synthesis, was higher in fatty liver cows than in healthy cows. Compared with healthy cows, the hepatic mRNA abundance of alternative bile acid synthesis pathway-related genes sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) did not differ in cows with fatty liver. The protein and mRNA abundances of bile acid transporter bile salt efflux pump (BSEP) were lower in the liver of dairy cow with fatty liver. Compared with healthy cows, the hepatic mRNA abundance of bile acid transporters solute carrier family 51 subunit α (SLC51A) and ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) and 3 (ABCC3) was greater in cows with fatty liver, whereas the solute carrier family 51 subunit β (SLC51B) did not differ. The expression of genes involved in bile acid uptake, including solute carrier family 10 member 1 (NTCP), solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 (SLCO1A2) and 2B1 (SLCO2B1) was upregulated in dairy cows with fatty liver. Furthermore, the hepatic protein and mRNA abundance of bile acid metabolism regulators farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) were lower in cows with fatty liver than in healthy cows. Overall, these data suggest that inhibition of the FXR signaling pathway may lead to increased bile acid synthesis and uptake and decreased secretion of bile acids from hepatocytes to the bile, which elevates hepatic bile acid content in dairy cows with fatty liver. Because the hepatotoxicity of bile acids has been demonstrated on nonruminant hepatocytes, it is likely that liver injury is induced by increased hepatic bile acid content in dairy cows with fatty liver.
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- 2024
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13. Targeting PHB2-mediated mitophagy alleviates nonesterified fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary epithelial cells
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Guojin Li, Liguang Cao, Kai Liu, Yifei Dong, Zifeng Yang, Jianchun Luo, Wenrui Gao, Lin Lei, Yuxiang Song, Xiliang Du, Xinwei Li, Wenwen Gao, and Guowen Liu
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clinical ketosis ,prohibitin 2 ,mitophagy ,mitochondrial dysfunction ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the mammary gland of dairy cows suffering from ketosis. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) plays a crucial role in regulating mitophagy, which clears impaired mitochondria to maintain normal mitochondrial function. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate how PHB2 mediates mitophagy, thereby influencing mitochondrial function in the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T cells). First, mammary gland tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (n = 15, BHB 3.0 mM). Compared with healthy cows, cows with clinical ketosis exhibited lower DMI, milk production, milk protein, milk lactose, and serum glucose. In contrast, milk fat, serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHB were greater in cows with clinical ketosis. The protein abundance of PHB2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) in whole cell lysates (WCL), as well as PHB2, sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (MAP1LC3-II, also called LC3-II), and ubiquitinated proteins in mitochondrial fraction were significantly lower in cows with clinical ketosis. The ATP content of mammary gland tissue in cows with clinical ketosis was lower than that of healthy cows. Second, MAC-T were cultured and treated with NEFA (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 mM). The MAC-T treated with 1.2 mM NEFA displayed decreased protein abundance of PHB2, PGC-1α, and MFN2 in WCL, as well as protein abundance of PHB2, p62, LC3-II, and ubiquitinated proteins in mitochondrial fraction. The content of ATP and JC-1 aggregates in 1.2 mM NEFA group were lower than in the 0 mM NEFA group. Additionally, 1.2 mM NEFA disrupted the fusion between mitochondria and lysosomes. The MAC-T were then pretreated with 100 nM rapamycin, followed by treatment with or without NEFA. Rapamycin alleviated impaired mitophagy and mitochondria dysfunction induced by 1.2 mM NEFA. Third, MAC-T were transfected with small interfering RNA to silence PHB2 or a plasmid for overexpression of PHB2, followed by treatment with or without NEFA. The silencing of PHB2 aggravated 1.2 mM NEFA-induced impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the overexpression of PHB2 alleviated these effects. Overall, this study provides evidence that PHB2, in regulation of mitophagy, is a mechanism for bovine mammary epithelial cells to counteract NEFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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- 2024
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14. Lipidomics profiling and circulating triglyceride concentrations in sub-Saharan African individuals
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Amy R. Bentley, Ayo P. Doumatey, Jie Zhou, Lin Lei, Karlijn A. C. Meeks, Elisabeth F. Heuston, Charles N. Rotimi, and Adebowale A. Adeyemo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Elevated triglycerides (TG) are a risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders. There are limited data on lipidomics profiles associated with serum triglycerides concentrations, although these could advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations. We conducted a lipidomics study of 308 Nigerians with replication in 199 Kenyans. Regression models were used to assess the association of TG with 480 lipid metabolites. Association and mediation analyses were conducted to determine the relationship among TG, metabolites, and several cardiometabolic traits. Ninety-nine metabolites were significantly associated with TG, and 91% of these associations replicated. Overrepresentation analysis identified enrichment of diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerophosphoethanolamines, monoacylglycerophosphocholines, ceramide phosphocholines, and diacylglycerophosphocholines. TG-cardiometabolic trait associations were largely mediated by TG-associated metabolites. Associations with type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, body mass index, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were independently mediated by metabolites in multiple subpathways. This lipidomics study in sub-Saharan Africans demonstrated that TG is associated with several non-TG lipids classes, including phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, lysophospholipids, and plasmalogens, some of which may mediate the effect of TG as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders. The study identifies metabolites that are more proximal to cardiometabolic traits, which may be useful for understanding the underlying biology as well as differences in TG-trait associations across ancestries.
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- 2024
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15. The serological diagnostic value of EBV-related IgA antibody panels for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
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Han Liu, Lin Lei, Song Song, Xianyi Geng, Kaihao Lin, Ni Li, Wanqing Chen, Ji Peng, and Jiansong Ren
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ,Serum ,IgA ,Screening ,Early detection ,Meta-analysis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is diagnosed relatively late and has a poor prognosis, requiring early detection to reduce the disease burden. This diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis evaluated the serological diagnostic value of nine EBV-related IgA antibody panels (EBNA1-IgA, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, Zta-IgA, EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA, VCA-IgA + EA-IgA, VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG, EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA + Zta-IgA and VCA-IgA + EA-IgA + Rta-IgG), aiming to identify suitable serological detection biomarkers for NPC screening. Methods PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database were searched from January 1st, 2000 to September 30th, 2023, with keywords nasopharyngeal carcinoma, IgA, screening, early detection, early diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity. Articles on the diagnostic value of serum EBV-related IgA antibody panels for NPC were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers, and a third researcher was consulted in the case of disagreement. Bivariate models were used for statistical analysis. The quality of included studies was evaluated through Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS-2). Results A total of 70 articles were included, involving 11 863 NPC cases and 34 995 controls. Among the nine EBV-related IgA antibody panels, EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA [0.928 (0.898, 0.950)], VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG [0.925 (0.890, 0.949)], EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA + Zta-IgA [0.962 (0.909, 0.985)] and VCA-IgA + EA-IgA + Rta-IgG [0.945 (0.918, 0.964)] demonstrated higher pooled sensitivity (95%CI). In terms of diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (95%CI), EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA [107.647 (61.173, 189.430)], VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG [105.988 (60.118, 186.857)] and EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA + Zta-IgA [344.450 (136.351, 870.153)] showed superior performance. Additionally, the SROC curves for EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA and VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG were more favorable. However, publication bias was detected for VCA-IgA (P = 0.005) and EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA (P = 0.042). Conclusions In general, parallel detection of serum EBNA1-IgA, VCA-IgA and Zta-IgA antibodies using ELISA demonstrates better pooled sensitivity and DOR among the studied panels. In the cases where fewer indicators are used, serum VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA/Rta-IgG antibody panel exhibits a comparable performance. Trial registration The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42023426984, registered on May 28, 2023.
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- 2024
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16. Gefitinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus anlotinib (an multikinase inhibitor) for untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (FL-ALTER): a multicenter phase III trial
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Hua-Qiang Zhou, Ya-Xiong Zhang, Gang Chen, Qi-Tao Yu, Hua Zhang, Guo-Wu Wu, Di Wu, Ying-Cheng Lin, Jun-Fei Zhu, Jian-Hua Chen, Xiao-Hua Hu, Bin Lan, Ze-Qiang Zhou, Hai-Feng Lin, Zi-Bing Wang, Xiao-Lin Lei, Suo-Ming Pan, Li-Ming Chen, Jian Zhang, Tian-Dong Kong, Ji-Cheng Yao, Xin Zheng, Feng Li, Li Zhang, and Wen-Feng Fang
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Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Dual inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways offers the prospect of improving the effectiveness of EFGR-targeted therapy. In this phase 3 study (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04028778), 315 patients with treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomized (1:1) to receive anlotinib or placebo plus gefitinib once daily on days 1–14 per a 3-week cycle. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), a significant improvement in PFS was observed for the anlotinib arm over the placebo arm (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.48–0.80, P = 0.003). Particularly, patients with brain metastasis and those harboring EGFR amplification or high tumor mutation load gained significant more benefits in PFS from gefitinib plus anlotinib. The incidence of grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events was 49.7% of the patients receiving gefitinib plus anlotinib versus 31.0% of the patients receiving gefitinib plus placebo. Anlotinib plus gefitinib significantly improves PFS in patients with treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC, with a manageable safety profile.
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- 2024
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17. Layer-wise Representation Fusion for Compositional Generalization
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Zheng, Yafang, Lin, Lei, Li, Shuangtao, Yuan, Yuxuan, Lai, Zhaohong, Liu, Shan, Fu, Biao, Chen, Yidong, and Shi, Xiaodong
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Existing neural models are demonstrated to struggle with compositional generalization (CG), i.e., the ability to systematically generalize to unseen compositions of seen components. A key reason for failure on CG is that the syntactic and semantic representations of sequences in both the uppermost layer of the encoder and decoder are entangled. However, previous work concentrates on separating the learning of syntax and semantics instead of exploring the reasons behind the representation entanglement (RE) problem to solve it. We explain why it exists by analyzing the representation evolving mechanism from the bottom to the top of the Transformer layers. We find that the ``shallow'' residual connections within each layer fail to fuse previous layers' information effectively, leading to information forgetting between layers and further the RE problems. Inspired by this, we propose LRF, a novel \textbf{L}ayer-wise \textbf{R}epresentation \textbf{F}usion framework for CG, which learns to fuse previous layers' information back into the encoding and decoding process effectively through introducing a \emph{fuse-attention module} at each encoder and decoder layer. LRF achieves promising results on two realistic benchmarks, empirically demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposal., Comment: accepted by aaai24. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2305.12169
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- 2023
18. Learning to Compose Representations of Different Encoder Layers towards Improving Compositional Generalization
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Lin, Lei, Li, Shuangtao, Zheng, Yafang, Fu, Biao, Liu, Shan, Chen, Yidong, and Shi, Xiaodong
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Recent studies have shown that sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models struggle with compositional generalization (CG), i.e., the ability to systematically generalize to unseen compositions of seen components. There is mounting evidence that one of the reasons hindering CG is the representation of the encoder uppermost layer is entangled, i.e., the syntactic and semantic representations of sequences are entangled. However, we consider that the previously identified representation entanglement problem is not comprehensive enough. Additionally, we hypothesize that the source keys and values representations passing into different decoder layers are also entangled. Starting from this intuition, we propose \textsc{CompoSition} (\textbf{Compo}se \textbf{S}yntactic and Semant\textbf{i}c Representa\textbf{tion}s), an extension to seq2seq models which learns to compose representations of different encoder layers dynamically for different tasks, since recent studies reveal that the bottom layers of the Transformer encoder contain more syntactic information and the top ones contain more semantic information. Specifically, we introduce a \textit{composed layer} between the encoder and decoder to compose different encoder layers' representations to generate specific keys and values passing into different decoder layers. \textsc{CompoSition} achieves competitive results on two comprehensive and realistic benchmarks, which empirically demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposal. Codes are available at~\url{https://github.com/thinkaboutzero/COMPOSITION}., Comment: Accepted by Findings of EMNLP 2023
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- 2023
19. Lineage-specific pathogenicity, immune evasion, and virological features of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86/JN.1 and EG.5.1/HK.3
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Liu, Yuanchen, Zhao, Xiaoyu, Shi, Jialu, Wang, Yajie, Liu, Huan, Hu, Ye-Fan, Hu, Bingjie, Shuai, Huiping, Yuen, Terrence Tsz-Tai, Chai, Yue, Liu, Feifei, Gong, Hua-Rui, Li, Jiayan, Wang, Xun, Jiang, Shujun, Zhang, Xiang, Zhang, Yanliang, Li, Xiangnan, Wang, Lei, Hartnoll, Madeline, Zhu, Tianrenzheng, Hou, Yuxin, Huang, Xiner, Yoon, Chaemin, Wang, Yang, He, Yixin, Zhou, Minmin, Du, Lianzhao, Zhang, Xiaojuan, Chan, Wan-Mui, Chen, Lin-Lei, Cai, Jian-Piao, Yuan, Shuofeng, Zhou, Jie, Huang, Jian-Dong, Yuen, Kwok-Yung, To, Kelvin Kai-Wang, Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo, Zhang, Bao-Zhong, Sun, Lei, Wang, Pengfei, and Chu, Hin
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- 2024
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20. Catalytic pyrolysis of tar-rich coal for coal tar to light oil with catalysts of modified granulated blast furnace slag
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Jia, Yang, Liu, Yuling, Shu, Hao, Wang, Zhuoran, Wang, Yinhe, Li, Shuaishuai, Lin, Lei, and Lian, Feifei
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- 2024
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21. Exploring key social capital indicators for disaster preparedness in rural disaster-prone areas: a boosted regression tree approach
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Tan, Jing and Lin, Lei
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- 2024
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22. Factors associated with progressive anisometropia after bilateral intraocular lens implantation in patients with pediatric cataract
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liu, Enze, Lin, Lei, Zhang, Mengdi, Liu, Jiasheng, Zhu, Mengchao, Zhu, Kaiyi, Mo, Er, Xu, Jialin, Zhao, Yun-e, and Li, Jin
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- 2024
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23. LEAPT: Learning Adaptive Prefix-to-prefix Translation For Simultaneous Machine Translation
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Lin, Lei, Li, Shuangtao, and Shi, Xiaodong
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Simultaneous machine translation, which aims at a real-time translation, is useful in many live scenarios but very challenging due to the trade-off between accuracy and latency. To achieve the balance for both, the model needs to wait for appropriate streaming text (READ policy) and then generates its translation (WRITE policy). However, WRITE policies of previous work either are specific to the method itself due to the end-to-end training or suffer from the input mismatch between training and decoding for the non-end-to-end training. Therefore, it is essential to learn a generic and better WRITE policy for simultaneous machine translation. Inspired by strategies utilized by human interpreters and "wait" policies, we propose a novel adaptive prefix-to-prefix training policy called LEAPT, which allows our machine translation model to learn how to translate source sentence prefixes and make use of the future context. Experiments show that our proposed methods greatly outperform competitive baselines and achieve promising results., Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 2023
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- 2023
24. Clinical application of a GPU-accelerated monte carlo dose verification for cyberknife M6 with Iris collimator
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Peng Zhou, Yankui Chang, Shijun Li, Jia Luo, Lin Lei, Yufen Shang, Xi Pei, Qiang Ren, and Chuan Chen
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GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo ,CyberKnife ,Patient-specific quality assurance ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose To apply an independent GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) dose verification for CyberKnife M6 with Iris collimator and evaluate the dose calculation accuracy of RayTracing (TPS-RT) algorithm and Monte Carlo (TPS-MC) algorithm in the Precision treatment planning system (TPS). Methods GPU-accelerated MC algorithm (ArcherQA-CK) was integrated into a commercial dose verification system, ArcherQA, to implement the patient-specific quality assurance in the CyberKnife M6 system. 30 clinical cases (10 cases in head, and 10 cases in chest, and 10 cases in abdomen) were collected in this study. For each case, three different dose calculation methods (TPS-MC, TPS-RT and ArcherQA-CK) were implemented based on the same treatment plan and compared with each other. For evaluation, the 3D global gamma analysis and dose parameters of the target volume and organs at risk (OARs) were analyzed comparatively. Results For gamma pass rates at the criterion of 2%/2 mm, the results were over 98.0% for TPS-MC vs.TPS-RT, TPS-MC vs. ArcherQA-CK and TPS-RT vs. ArcherQA-CK in head cases, 84.9% for TPS-MC vs.TPS-RT, 98.0% for TPS-MC vs. ArcherQA-CK and 83.3% for TPS-RT vs. ArcherQA-CK in chest cases, 98.2% for TPS-MC vs.TPS-RT, 99.4% for TPS-MC vs. ArcherQA-CK and 94.5% for TPS-RT vs. ArcherQA-CK in abdomen cases. For dose parameters of planning target volume (PTV) in chest cases, the deviations of TPS-RT vs. TPS-MC and ArcherQA-CK vs. TPS-MC had significant difference (P 0.05). ArcherQA-CK had less calculation time compared with TPS-MC (1.66 min vs. 65.11 min). Conclusions Our proposed MC dose engine (ArcherQA-CK) has a high degree of consistency with the Precision TPS-MC algorithm, which can quickly identify the calculation errors of TPS-RT algorithm for some chest cases. ArcherQA-CK can provide accurate patient-specific quality assurance in clinical practice.
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- 2024
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25. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis activation contributes to intracellular lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes
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Wenwen Gao, Yanxi Wang, Siyu Liu, Guojin Li, Qi Shao, Cai Zhang, Liguang Cao, Kai Liu, Wenrui Gao, Zifeng Yang, Yifei Dong, Xiliang Du, Lin Lei, Guowen Liu, and Xinwei Li
- Subjects
fatty liver ,c-Jun N-terminal kinase ,inositol-requiring enzyme 1α ,hepatic lipid metabolism ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: During the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance, resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver. Both inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been validated for their association with hepatic lipid accumulation, including their regulatory functions in calf hepatocyte insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, both IRE1α and JNK are involved in lipid metabolism in nonruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how IRE1α and JNK regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. An experiment was conducted on randomly selected 10 healthy cows (hepatic triglyceride [TG] content 5%). Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from experimental cows. Serum concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were greater, whereas serum concentrations of glucose and milk production were lower in cows with fatty liver. The western blot results revealed that dairy cows with fatty liver had higher phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α in the liver tissue. Three in vitro experiments were conducted using primary calf hepatocytes isolated from 5 healthy calves (body weight: 30–40 kg; 1 d old). First, hepatocytes were treated with NEFA (1.2 mM) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 12 h, which showed that the phosphorylated levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α increased in both linear and quadratic effects. In the second experiment, hepatocytes were treated with high concentrations of NEFA (1.2 mM) for 12 h with or without SP600125, a canonical inhibitor of JNK. Western blot results showed that SP600125 treatment could decrease the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and SREBP-1c) and increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated proteins (CPT1A and PPARα) in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. The perturbed expression of lipogenesis-associated genes (FASN, ACACA, and CD36) and FAO-associated gene ACOX1 were also recovered by JNK inhibition, indicating that JNK reduced excessive NEFA-induced lipogenesis and FAO dysregulation in calf hepatocytes. Third, short hairpin RNA targeting IRE1α (sh-IRE1α) was transfected into calf hepatocytes to silence IRE1α, and KIRA6 was used to inhibit the kinase activity of IRE1α. The blockage of IRE1α could at least partially suppressed NEFA-induced JNK activation. Moreover, the blockage of IRE1α downregulated the expression of lipogenesis genes and upregulated the expression of FAO genes in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting the IRE1α-JNK axis can reduce NEFA-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes by modulating lipogenesis and FAO. This may offer a prospective therapeutic target for fatty liver in dairy cows.
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- 2024
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26. Evaluation of hepatic AMPK, mTORC1, and autophagy-lysosomal pathway in cows with mild or moderate fatty liver
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Xiliang Du, Meng Chen, Zhiyuan Fang, Qi Shao, Hao Yu, Xue Hao, Xinxing Gao, Lingxue Ju, Chenxu Li, Yuting Yang, Yuxiang Song, Lin Lei, Guowen Liu, and Xinwei Li
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fatty liver ,energy metabolism ,TFEB ,autophagy ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to investigate the activity of AMPK and mTORC1 as well as TFEB transcriptional activity and autophagy-lysosomal function in the liver of dairy cows with mild fatty liver (FL) and cows with moderate FL. Liver and blood samples were collected from healthy dairy cows (n = 10; hepatic triglyceride content
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- 2024
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27. Terahertz for Tracking the Cadmium Heavy Metal Accumulation During Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) Food Production Processes
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Zhao, Yinglei, Gouda, Mostafa, Lin, Lei, He, Yong, Sant'Ana, Anderson S., Series Editor, Gouda, Mostafa, editor, Li, Xiaoli, editor, and He, Yong, editor
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- 2024
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28. Enhancing Recommender System with Multi-modal Knowledge Graph
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Sun, Chengjie, Chen, Weiwei, Lin, Lei, Shan, Lili, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Liu, Qingshan, editor, Wang, Hanzi, editor, Ma, Zhanyu, editor, Zheng, Weishi, editor, Zha, Hongbin, editor, Chen, Xilin, editor, Wang, Liang, editor, and Ji, Rongrong, editor
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- 2024
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29. Effective Guidance in Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation via Multiple Language Prototypes
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Zheng, Yafang, Lin, Lei, Yuan, Yuxuan, Shi, Xiaodong, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Luo, Biao, editor, Cheng, Long, editor, Wu, Zheng-Guang, editor, Li, Hongyi, editor, and Li, Chaojie, editor
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- 2024
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30. Spatio-temporal Tendency Reasoning for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimation from Videos
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Zhang, Boyang, Wu, SuPing, Cao, Hu, Ma, Kehua, Li, Pan, and Lin, Lei
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal tendency reasoning (STR) network for recovering human body pose and shape from videos. Previous approaches have focused on how to extend 3D human datasets and temporal-based learning to promote accuracy and temporal smoothing. Different from them, our STR aims to learn accurate and natural motion sequences in an unconstrained environment through temporal and spatial tendency and to fully excavate the spatio-temporal features of existing video data. To this end, our STR learns the representation of features in the temporal and spatial dimensions respectively, to concentrate on a more robust representation of spatio-temporal features. More specifically, for efficient temporal modeling, we first propose a temporal tendency reasoning (TTR) module. TTR constructs a time-dimensional hierarchical residual connection representation within a video sequence to effectively reason temporal sequences' tendencies and retain effective dissemination of human information. Meanwhile, for enhancing the spatial representation, we design a spatial tendency enhancing (STE) module to further learns to excite spatially time-frequency domain sensitive features in human motion information representations. Finally, we introduce integration strategies to integrate and refine the spatio-temporal feature representations. Extensive experimental findings on large-scale publically available datasets reveal that our STR remains competitive with the state-of-the-art on three datasets. Our code are available at https://github.com/Changboyang/STR.git., Comment: Accepted by BMVC2022
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- 2022
31. Trx4, a novel thioredoxin protein, is important for Toxoplasma gondii fitness
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Zhi-Wei Zhang, Meng Wang, Li-Xiu Sun, Hany M. Elsheikha, Cheng-Lin Lei, Jin-Lei Wang, Bao-Quan Fu, Jian-Xun Luo, Xing-Quan Zhu, and Ting-Ting Li
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Toxoplasma gondii ,Thioredoxin ,Parasitophorous vacuole ,Virulence ,TurboID ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background To successfully replicate within the host cell, Toxoplasma gondii employs several mechanisms to overcome the host cell defenses and mitigate the harmful effects of the free radicals resulting from its own metabolic processes using effectors such as thioredoxin proteins. In this study, we characterize the location and functions of a newly identified thioredoxin in T. gondii, which was named Trx4. Methods We characterized the functional role of Trx4 in T. gondii Type I RH and Type II Pru strains by gene knockout and studied its subcellular localization by endogenous protein HA tagging using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. The enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling technique, the TurboID system, was employed to identify the proteins in proximity to Trx4. Results Trx4 was identified as a dense granule protein of T. gondii predominantly expressed in the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and was partially co-localized with GRA1 and GRA5. Functional analysis showed that deletion of trx4 markedly influenced the parasite lytic cycle, resulting in impaired host cell invasion capacity in both RH and Pru strains. Mutation of Trx domains in Trx4 in RH strain revealed that two Trx domains were important for the parasite invasion. By utilizing the TurboID system to biotinylate proteins in proximity to Trx4, we identified a substantial number of proteins, some of which are novel, and others are previously characterized, predominantly distributed in the dense granules. In addition, we uncovered three novel proteins co-localized with Trx4. Intriguingly, deletion of trx4 did not affect the localization of these three proteins. Finally, a virulence assay demonstrated that knockout of trx4 resulted in a significant attenuation of virulence and a significant reduction in brain cyst loads in mice. Conclusions Trx4 plays an important role in T. gondii invasion and virulence in Type I RH strain and Type II Pru strain. Combining the TurboID system with CRISPR-Cas9 technique revealed many PV-localized proximity proteins associated with Trx4. These findings suggest a versatile role of Trx4 in mediating the processes that occur in this distinctive intracellular membrane-bound vacuolar compartment. Graphical Abstract
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- 2024
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32. Untargeted metabolomic profiling reveals molecular signatures associated with type 2 diabetes in Nigerians
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Ayo P. Doumatey, Daniel Shriner, Jie Zhou, Lin Lei, Guanjie Chen, Omolara Oluwasola-Taiwo, Susan Nkem, Adela Ogundeji, Sally N. Adebamowo, Amy R. Bentley, Mateus H. Gouveia, Karlijn A. C. Meeks, Clement A. Adebamowo, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, and Charles N. Rotimi
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Metabolomics ,Type 2 diabetes ,Africans ,Biomarkers ,Medicine ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions globally, including in Africa. However, molecular studies to understand the pathophysiology of T2D remain scarce outside Europe and North America. The aims of this study are to use an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify: (a) metabolites that are differentially expressed between individuals with and without T2D and (b) a metabolic signature associated with T2D in a population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods A total of 580 adult Nigerians from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study were studied. The discovery study included 310 individuals (210 without T2D, 100 with T2D). Metabolites in plasma were assessed by reverse phase, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (RP)/UPLC-MS/MS methods on the Metabolon Platform. Welch’s two-sample t-test was used to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), followed by the construction of a biomarker panel using a random forest (RF) algorithm. The biomarker panel was evaluated in a replication sample of 270 individuals (110 without T2D and 160 with T2D) from the same study. Results Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed 280 DEMs between individuals with and without T2D. The DEMs predominantly belonged to the lipid (51%, 142/280), amino acid (21%, 59/280), xenobiotics (13%, 35/280), carbohydrate (4%, 10/280) and nucleotide (4%, 10/280) super pathways. At the sub-pathway level, glycolysis, free fatty acid, bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism were altered in T2D individuals. A 10-metabolite biomarker panel including glucose, gluconate, mannose, mannonate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructose, fructosyl-lysine, 1-carboxylethylleucine, metformin, and methyl-glucopyranoside predicted T2D with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.924 (95% CI: 0.845–0.966) and a predicted accuracy of 89.3%. The panel was validated with a similar AUC (0.935, 95% CI 0.906–0.958) in the replication cohort. The 10 metabolites in the biomarker panel correlated significantly with several T2D-related glycemic indices, including Hba1C, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and diabetes duration. Conclusions We demonstrate that metabolomic dysregulation associated with T2D in Nigerians affects multiple processes, including glycolysis, free fatty acid and bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism. Our study replicated previous findings in other populations and identified a metabolic signature that could be used as a biomarker panel of T2D risk and glycemic control thus enhancing our knowledge of molecular pathophysiologic changes in T2D. The metabolomics dataset generated in this study represents an invaluable addition to publicly available multi-omics data on understudied African ancestry populations.
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- 2024
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33. Efficient organized colorectal cancer screening in Shenzhen: a microsimulation modelling study
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Minmin Zhu, Xuan Zhong, Tong Liao, Xiaolin Peng, Lin Lei, Ji Peng, and Yong Cao
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Microsimulation model ,Colorectal cancer ,Screening ,Fecal immunochemical test ,Risk assessment tool ,Shenzhen ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health issue with noticeably high incidence and mortality. Microsimulation models offer a time-efficient method to dynamically analyze multiple screening strategies. The study aimed to identify the efficient organized CRC screening strategies for Shenzhen City. Methods A microsimulation model named CMOST was employed to simulate CRC screening among 1 million people without migration in Shenzhen, with two CRC developing pathways and real-world participation rates. Initial screening included the National Colorectal Polyp Care score (NCPCS), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and risk-stratification model (RS model), followed by diagnostic colonoscopy for positive results. Several start-ages (40, 45, 50 years), stop-ages (70, 75, 80 years), and screening intervals (annual, biennial, triennial) were assessed for each strategy. The efficiency of CRC screening was assessed by number of colonoscopies versus life-years gained (LYG). Results The screening strategies reduced CRC lifetime incidence by 14–27 cases (30.9–59.0%) and mortality by 7–12 deaths (41.5–71.3%), yielded 83–155 LYG, while requiring 920 to 5901 colonoscopies per 1000 individuals. Out of 81 screening, 23 strategies were estimated efficient. Most of the efficient screening strategies started at age 40 (17 out of 23 strategies) and stopped at age 70 (13 out of 23 strategies). Predominant screening intervals identified were annual for NCPCS, biennial for FIT, and triennial for RS models. The incremental colonoscopies to LYG ratios of efficient screening increased with shorter intervals within the same test category. Compared with no screening, when screening at the same start-to-stop age and interval, the additional colonoscopies per LYG increased progressively for FIT, NCPCS and RS model. Conclusion This study identifies efficient CRC screening strategies for the average-risk population in Shenzhen. Most efficient screening strategies indeed start at age 40, but the optimal starting age depends on the chosen willingness-to-pay threshold. Within insufficient colonoscopy resources, efficient FIT and NCPCS screening strategies might be CRC initial screening strategies. We acknowledged the age-dependency bias of the results with NCPCS and RS.
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- 2024
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34. Change detection of multisource remote sensing images: a review
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Wandong Jiang, Yuli Sun, Lin Lei, Gangyao Kuang, and Kefeng Ji
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Change detection ,remote sensing ,multisource images ,image processing ,review ,Mathematical geography. Cartography ,GA1-1776 - Abstract
Change detection (CD) is essential in remote sensing (RS) for natural resource monitoring, territorial planning, and disaster assessment. With the abundance of data collected by satellite, aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles, the utilization of multisource RS image CD (RSICD) enables the efficient acquisition of ground object change information and timely updates to existing databases. Although CD techniques have been developed and successfully applied for approximately six decades, a systematic and comprehensive review that addresses emerging trends, including multisource, data-driven, and large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models, is lacking. Therefore, first, the development process of RSICD was reviewed. Second, the characteristics of multisource RS images were analyzed, and all publicly available RSICD data that we could gather were collected and organized. Third, RSICD methods were systematically classified and summarized on the basis of the detection framework, detection granularity, and data sources. Fourth, the suitability of specific data and CD methods for diverse applications and tasks was assessed. Finally, challenges, opportunities, and future directions for RSICD were discussed within the context of high-resolution imagery, multisource data, and large-scale AI models. This review can help researchers better understand this field, shed light on this topic, and inspire further RSICD research efforts.
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- 2024
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35. Long‐Lasting Hydrogen Evolution and Efficient Dew Harvest Realized via Electrospinning Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane on Hybrid Hydrogels
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Jie Yu, Mengmeng Chen, Neng Hu, Weijia Wang, Lin Lei, Huiqing Fan, Peter Müller‐Buschbaum, and Qi Zhong
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dew harvests ,electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes ,hybrid hydrogels ,Janus structures ,photocatalytic hydrogen evolutions ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Long‐lasting hydrogen evolution and efficient dew harvest is realized via electrospinning a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on hybrid hydrogels embedded with photocatalytic g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets. Due to the hindrance of water evaporation by the hydrophobic PVDF membrane, the drying process of the hybrid hydrogels significantly slows down. Hence, the g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets can continue working on photocatalytic splitting of the water molecules in the hydrogels. When the thickness of the PVDF membrane is 48 μm, the hydrogen evolution rate can reach 2,543 μmol h−1 g−1, which is 38% more than that of the hybrid hydrogel without covering. Therefore, the hybrid hydrogels covered with PVDF membrane are able to work with high efficiency for 12 h, sufficient for hydrogen evolution during the daytime. In addition, the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and hydrophilic hydrogels construct a Janus structure and induce a fast transport of water molecules from the hydrophobic to hydrophilic side. It is beneficial for the rapid collection of dew in the morning. Based on the long‐lasting hydrogen evolution and efficient dew harvest, the present hybrid hydrogels covered with PVDF membrane are very suitable for the environment rich in solar resource and lack of water supply, such as desert or prairie.
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- 2024
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36. Simulated Data-Guided Incremental SAR ATR Through Feature Aggregation.
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Ziyang Tang, Yuli Sun, Chenfang Liu, Yanjie Xu, and Lin Lei
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- 2024
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37. A Review of Optical and SAR Image Deep Feature Fusion in Semantic Segmentation.
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Chenfang Liu, Yuli Sun, Yanjie Xu, Zhongzhen Sun, Xianghui Zhang, Lin Lei, and Gangyao Kuang
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- 2024
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38. Study on cluster centers optimization of max-min distance k-means clustering algorithm based on inter-cluster separation measure.
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Wenhao Xie, Lin Lei, Xiangyi Liu, and Yuan Liu
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- 2024
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39. Image Regression With Structure Cycle Consistency for Heterogeneous Change Detection.
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Yuli Sun, Lin Lei, Dongdong Guan, Junzheng Wu, Gangyao Kuang, and Li Liu 0002
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- 2024
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40. Path analysis for controlling climate change in global aviation
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Qiang Cui, Yi-lin Lei, Zi-ke Jia, Yu Wang, and Ye Li
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Environmental science ,Global change ,Energy policy ,Global carbon cycle ,Aviation ,Science - Abstract
Summary: The aviation industry’s emissions have had a significant impact on global climate change. This study focuses on carbon emission trading schemes, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), and hydrogen energy, as vital means for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. To evaluate the climate effects of global routes under four scenarios (24 sub-scenarios) until 2100, this study proposes the Aviation-FAIR (Aviation-Finite Amplitude Impulse Response) method. The findings reveal that while CO2 emissions and concentrations are significant, other emissions, such as N2O and CH4, have a greater effective radiative forcing (ERF) and contribute significantly to climate change. Moreover, SAFs are more effective in mitigating airline pollutant emissions than relying solely on carbon trading schemes. The effectiveness of hydrogen fuel cells may be hindered by technical limitations compared to hydrogen turbine engines. The findings of this study provide reference for the global aviation industry to adopt emission reduction measures.
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- 2024
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41. Polygenic risk-stratified screening for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in high-risk endemic areas of China: a cost-effectiveness study
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Da-Wei Yang, Jacob A. Miller, Wen-Qiong Xue, Minzhong Tang, Lin Lei, Yuming Zheng, Hua Diao, Tong-Min Wang, Ying Liao, Yan-Xia Wu, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Ting Zhou, Xi-Zhao Li, Pei-Fen Zhang, Xue-Yin Chen, Xia Yu, Fugui Li, Mingfang Ji, Ying Sun, Yong-Qiao He, and Wei-Hua Jia
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polygenic risk stratification ,nasopharyngeal carcinoma ,screening ,cost-effectiveness ,modeling study ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has an extremely high incidence rate in Southern China, resulting in a severe disease burden for the local population. Current EBV serologic screening is limited by false positives, and there is opportunity to integrate polygenic risk scores for personalized screening which may enhance cost-effectiveness and resource utilization.MethodsA Markov model was developed based on epidemiological and genetic data specific to endemic areas of China, and further compared polygenic risk-stratified screening [subjects with a 10-year absolute risk (AR) greater than a threshold risk underwent EBV serological screening] to age-based screening (EBV serological screening for all subjects). For each initial screening age (30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, and 65–69 years), a modeled cohort of 100,000 participants was screened until age 69, and then followed until age 79.ResultsAmong subjects aged 30 to 54 years, polygenic risk-stratified screening strategies were more cost-effective than age-based screening strategies, and almost comprised the cost-effectiveness efficiency frontier. For men, screening strategies with a 1-year frequency and a 10-year absolute risk (AR) threshold of 0.7% or higher were cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) below the willingness to pay (¥203,810, twice the local per capita GDP). Specifically, the strategies with a 10-year AR threshold of 0.7% or 0.8% are the most cost-effective strategies, with an ICER ranging from ¥159,752 to ¥201,738 compared to lower-cost non-dominated strategies on the cost-effectiveness frontiers. The optimal strategies have a higher probability (29.4–35.8%) of being cost-effective compared to other strategies on the frontier. Additionally, they reduce the need for nasopharyngoscopies by 5.1–27.7% compared to optimal age-based strategies. Likewise, for women aged 30–54 years, the optimal strategy with a 0.3% threshold showed similar results. Among subjects aged 55 to 69 years, age-based screening strategies were more cost-effective for men, while no screening may be preferred for women.ConclusionOur economic evaluation found that the polygenic risk-stratified screening could improve the cost-effectiveness among individuals aged 30–54, providing valuable guidance for NPC prevention and control policies in endemic areas of China.
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- 2024
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42. Characterizing fitness and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 sublineage using elderly serum and nasal organoid
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Xiaojuan Zhang, Stephanie Joy-Ann Lam, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Carol Ho-Yan Fong, Allen Wing-Ho Chu, Wan-Mui Chan, Yoyo Suet-Yiu Lai, Hoi-Wah Tsoi, Brian Pui-Chun Chan, Lin-Lei Chen, Xinjie Meng, Shuofeng Yuan, Hanjun Zhao, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Jacqueline Kwan Yuk Yuen, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Jie Zhou, and Kelvin Kai-Wang To
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Immunology ,Immune response ,Virology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has evolved into sublineages. Here, we compared the neutralization susceptibility and viral fitness of EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1. Serum neutralization antibody titer against EG.5.1 was 1.71-fold lower than that for XBB.1.9.1. However, there was no significant difference in virus replication between EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1 in human nasal organoids and TMPRSS2/ACE2 over-expressing A549 cells. No significant difference was observed in competitive fitness and cytokine/chemokine response between EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1. Both EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1 replicated more robustly in the nasal organoid from a younger adult than that from an older adult. Our findings suggest that enhanced immune escape contributes to the dominance of EG.5.1 over earlier sublineages. The combination of population serum susceptibility testing and viral fitness evaluation with nasal organoids may hold promise in risk assessment of upcoming variants. Utilization of serum specimens and nasal organoid derived from older adults provides a targeted risk assessment for this vulnerable population.
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- 2024
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43. Enhancing Recommender System with Multi-modal Knowledge Graph
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Sun, Chengjie, primary, Chen, Weiwei, additional, Lin, Lei, additional, and Shan, Lili, additional
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- 2023
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44. Effective Guidance in Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation via Multiple Language Prototypes
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Zheng, Yafang, primary, Lin, Lei, additional, Yuan, Yuxuan, additional, and Shi, Xiaodong, additional
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- 2023
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45. Machine learning for subsurface geological feature identification from seismic data: Methods, datasets, challenges, and opportunities
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Lin, Lei, Zhong, Zhi, Li, Chenglong, Gorman, Andrew, Wei, Hao, Kuang, Yanbin, Wen, Shiqi, Cai, Zhongxian, and Hao, Fang
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- 2024
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46. Evaluation of RPV closure head penetration integrity considering fitting and residual stresses
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Chen, Mingya, Gao, Hongbo, Sun, Xin, Yu, Weiwei, Wang, Shuiyong, Lin, Lei, Zhao, Wanxiang, Peng, QunJia, and Shi, Fangjie
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- 2024
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47. Nuciferine protects bovine hepatocytes against free fatty acid–induced oxidative damage by activating the transcription factor EB/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha pathway
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Zhiyuan Fang, Xiuhuan Jiang, Shu Wang, Wenjun Tai, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Hao Yu, Xue Hao, Meng Chen, Qi Shao, Yuxiang Song, Lin Lei, Guowen Liu, Xiliang Du, and Xinwei Li
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oxidative stress ,liver injury ,periparturient period ,dairy cow ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Excessive free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation and related metabolism are the major cause of oxidative stress and liver injury in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. In nonruminants, activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) can improve cell damage and reduce the overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. As a downstream target of TFEB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α, gene name PPARGC1A) is a critical regulator of oxidative metabolism. Nuciferine (Nuc), a major bioactive compound isolated from the lotus leaf, has been reported to possess hepatoprotective activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Nuc could protect bovine hepatocytes from FFA-induced lipotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. A mixture of FFA was diluted in RPMI-1640 basic medium containing 2% low fatty acid bovine serum albumin to treat hepatocytes. Bovine hepatocytes were isolated from newborn calves and treated with various concentrations of FFA mixture (0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mM) or Nuc (0, 25, 50, or 100 μM), as well as co-treated with 1.2 mM FFA and different concentrations of Nuc. For the experiments of gene silencing, bovine hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA targeted against TFEB or PPARGC1A for 36 h followed by treatment with 1.2 mM FFA for 12 h in presence or absence of 100 μΜ Nuc. The results revealed that FFA treatment decreased protein abundance of nuclear TFEB, cytosolic TFEB, total (t)-TFEB, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and PGC-1α and mRNA abundance of LAMP1, but increased phosphorylated (p)-TFEB. In addition, FFA treatment increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in bovine hepatocytes. Moreover, FFA administration enhanced the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) in the medium of FFA-treated hepatocytes, but reduced the content of urea. In FFA-treated bovine hepatocytes, Nuc administration increased TFEB nuclear localization and the protein abundance of t-TFEB, LAMP1, and PGC-1α and mRNA abundance of LAMP1, decreased the contents of MDA and H2O2 and the protein abundance of p-TFEB, and enhanced the activities of CAT and GSH-Px in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, Nuc administration reduced the activities of ALT, AST, and LDH and increased the content of urea in the medium of FFA-treated hepatocytes. Importantly, knockdown of TFEB reduced the protein abundance of p-TFEB, t-TFEB, LAMP1, and PGC-1α and mRNA abundance of LAMP1, and impeded the beneficial effects of Nuc on FFA-induced oxidative damage in bovine hepatocytes. In addition, PPARGC1A silencing did not alter Nuc-induced nuclear translocation of TFEB, increase of the protein abundance of t-TFEB, LAMP1, and PGC-1α and mRNA abundance of LAMP1, or decrease of the protein abundance of p-TFEB, whereas it partially reduced the beneficial effects of Nuc on FFA-caused oxidative injury. Taken together, Nuc exerts protective effects against FFA-induced oxidative damage in bovine hepatocytes through activation of the TFEB/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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- 2024
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48. Inhibition of cluster antigen 36 protects against fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in bovine hepatocytes
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Chenchen Zhao, Jinxia Li, Menglin Liu, Linfang Chen, Yiwei Zhu, Wenwen Gao, Xiliang Du, Yuxiang Song, Guowen Liu, Lin Lei, and Xinwei Li
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ketosis ,CD36 ,lipid accumulation ,oxidative stress ,inflammation ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: When ketosis occurs, supraphysiological concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) display lipotoxicity and are closely related to the occurrence of hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, resulting in hepatic damage and exacerbating the progression of ketosis. However, the mechanism of these lipotoxic effects caused by high concentrations of NEFA in ketosis is still unclear. Cluster antigen 36 (CD36), a fatty acid transporter, plays a vital role in the development of hepatic pathological injury in nonruminants. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether CD36 plays a role in NEFA-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy (n = 10) and clinically ketotic (n = 10) cows at 3 to 15 d in milk. In addition, hepatocytes isolated from healthy calves were treated with 0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM NEFA for 12 h; or infected with CD36 expressing adenovirus or CD36 silencing small interfering RNA for 48 h and then treated with 1.2 mM NEFA for 12 h. Compared with healthy cows, clinically ketotic cows had greater concentrations of serum NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase but lower serum glucose. In addition, dairy cows with clinical ketosis displayed excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. More importantly, these alterations were accompanied by an increased abundance of hepatic CD36. In the cell culture model, exogenous NEFA (0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM) treatment could dose-dependently increase the abundance of CD36. Meanwhile, NEFA (1.2 mM) increased the content of triacylglycerol, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, NEFA upregulated phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) α, along with the upregulation of protein abundance of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1, and mRNA abundance of IL1B, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA). These alterations induced by NEFA in bovine hepatocytes were associated with increased lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation, which could be further aggravated by CD36 overexpression. Conversely, silencing CD36 attenuated these NEFA-induced detriments. Overall, these data suggest that CD36 may be a potential therapeutic target for NEFA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in dairy cows.
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- 2023
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49. The role of physical activity on healthcare utilization in China
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Xiao-Lin Lei, Ke Gao, Huan Wang, Wei Chen, Gen-Rui Chen, and Xing Wen
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Physical activity ,Healthcare utilization ,Healthcare expenditure ,Catastrophic health expenditures ,Public health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Evidence on the role of physical activity (PA) on healthcare utilization and expenditure is limited in China. We aimed to examine the association between the total physical activity (TPA) per week, healthcare service use and expenditure. Methods We extracted the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011, 2013, and 2015. Participants more than 50 years old who completed the follow-up for the three waves were enrolled. We converted the volume of vigorous physical activity (VPA) into an equivalent volume of moderate physical activity (MPA) and calculated the TPA per week for each participant. 12,927 of the 17,708 participants in CHARLS were included in our analysis. More than one-third of participants over 50 years old never participate in any moderate or intensity activity, and the median of self-reported moderate or intensity PA was about 525 (IQR 0–1680) MET-minutes per week in 2015. Results Compared to inactive subjects, the highest level of TPA was significantly related to the decreased risk number of inpatient visits (IRR: 0.58; 95% CI:0.50–0.67, p
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- 2023
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50. Determination of seroprevalence and kinetics of humoral response using mpox virus A29 protein
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Jian-Piao Cai, Wing-Ming Chu, Anthony Raymond Tam, Kun Wang, Yuting Han, Lin-Lei Chen, Xiaojuan Zhang, Charlotte Yee-Ki Choi, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Kwok-Hung Chan, Zhiwei Chen, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Carol Ho-Yan Fong, and Kelvin Kai-Wang To
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Mpox virus (MPXV), previously known as monkeypox virus, has spread globally in 2022. An accurate and convenient antibody test is essential for the determination of seroprevalence and for studying immune response after natural infection or vaccination. Most seroprevalence or vaccine studies used either live MPXV (or vaccinia virus [VACV]) or inactivated MPXV (or VACV) culture lysate for serological assays, but MPXV culture can only be performed in biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facilities. Here, we developed and evaluated an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the MPXV A29 surface envelope protein. Methods We compared the specificity of the MPXV A29, VACV A27, and VACV lysate EIA using serum specimens collected prior to the global spread of MPXV. Next, we performed these EIAs for serum specimens collected from two mpox patients and an MVA-BN vaccine recipient. We also assessed the kinetics of plasmblast and MPXV A29-specific B-cell response. Results Using sera collected from different age groups in Hong Kong, we found that most individuals, including those born before 1981 who have received the smallpox vaccine, tested negative using the MPXV A29 protein. MPXV A29-specific antibody could be detected in the serum of mpox patients and an MVA-BN recipient. In a mpox patient, the frequency of plasmablast and MPXV A29-specific B cell peaked on day 8 post-symptom onset and gradually decreased. Finally, we demonstrated that antibodies against the A29 protein can be used for immunofluorescence staining of MPXV-infected cells. Conclusions MPXV A29 protein is suitable for studying the immune response against MPXV infection.
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- 2023
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