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International audience; Industry is facing a deep transformation in production and consumption modes, moving towards sustainable and customer-oriented practices. In this context, Product-Service Systems (PSS) provide innovative business models that can create a higher value compared to traditional product-centric approaches. Fostering the transformation of the manufacturing industry towards PSS requires a holistic approach spanning over business model definition and transformation. During the last two decades, the research about business models has been generally focused on the economic and governance issues of the internal value chain. Only little literature has explained the business model as a dynamic system, which encompasses the value creation throughout the entire lifecycle of the offer. In this paper, we investigate and discuss the contribution of lifecycle thinking to the business model approach for PSS. This paper presents a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journals and indexed conference papers in order to get a large scope of analysis. 33 papers between 2010 and 2017 were analysed. As a result, we propose a conceptual framework for designing business models for PSS offers with a lifecycle perspective illustrated by an example inspired by a real case company.

Part 4: Capture and Reuse of Product and Process Information; International audience; Ecodesign is the improvement of the environmental performance of products or services throughout their whole lifecycle. Because there is less design freedom in the late stages of the design process, it is assumed that if the environmental constraint is introduced early, the designers would develop a product that would have a better environmental performance. Thus, case-based reasoning is proposed as a strategy to incorporate ecodesign early in the design process.The paper shows the investigation about the different possibilities of capturing information during the product development process. The idealized model to capture information called Core Product Model extension for environmental evaluation (CPMe3) is presented. This formal model would allow capturing the data from the whole product’s lifecycle with a link to the environmental evaluation.

INTRODUCTIONThe term “Integrated product deliveries (IPD)” encompasses complex building solutions, that not only include building materials and components but also different necessary services linked directly to them, as design and planning tasks, production, assembly, delivery and construction work. Furthermore, IPDs are produced in an industrial context, allowing higher quality products at competitive costs. Expanding the term to also include services during the components use phase and continued responsibility for the end-of-life, offers new possibilities for enhancing the sustainability of building components.APPROACH AND DISCUSSIONThe Danish building stock with its specifically high allocation of multi-storey social housing blocks from the 1960s and 70s, built mainly from prefabricated, modularized concrete elements in combination with new low energy building regulations creates a great market potential for IPDs aiming at the renovation of this building typology.With the current focus on reducing the energy demand of buildings, the impacts related to the production and construction of buildings seem to be underestimated. At the same time it seems that there are no incentives for a more material-focused approach in product development in the construction sector, as building materials usually have relatively low values and - in general – seem not to be dependent on yet-scarce resources.Sustainable IPDs can be categorized into two main streams – “sustainable by design” and “sustainable through operation”. The first type represents a sustainable product at the cradle-to-gate stage, while IPDs belonging to the second category will have produced considerable benefits to the buildings overall sustainability at the end-of-life.The research presented is mainly based on case studies on renovation projects from Denmark, using different forms of IPDs for façade renovation and discusses the different stakeholder’s perspectives on life cycle thinking and their interests and values regarding sustainable building.Furthermore is the concept of Product Service Systems (PSS) as a valuable extension to the concept of IPDs discussed. Due to extended product responsibility, the concept of PSSs will offer new possibilities of planning and pre-defining life cycles of IPDs more precisely than for regular building components. Reducing or eliminating point-of-sales will induce producers to optimize IPDs with regard to longevity and adaptability.CONCLUSIONThe new type of service-focused IPD and the related life-cycle responsibility (development, building phase, maintenance and dismantling/adaption/recycling) creates incentive to integrate life cycle thinking into the development process of IPDs, resulting in more sustainable building solutions with a greater extend of positive environmental, economical and social impacts.The research presented will also show the importance of adaption and configuration of these complex building components by architects and planners, as they will have a great influence on the building’s design and in effect the durability of not only the chosen solution, but also the whole building.Another main driver for connecting IPDs and PSS and thus expanding the producer’s responsibility for the product delivery, is the clients’ request for reducing risks in renovation projects. The combination of high quality building components, economical security and defined performance over an agreed timespan can be the key factor to access the marked for renovation of subsidized housing.

Le présent mémoire a pour objet les formes, les caractéristiques et les défis de la gouvernance des déchets électroniques. L’auteure explore les impactes socioéconomiques et environnementales de divers types d’instruments conçus pour mitiger les risques à la santé humaine et à l’environnement que présentent les produits électroniques en fin de vie, notamment: les traités multilatéraux qui visent à prohiber le transfert des déchets hasardeux au pays en développement, les législations régionales, nationales et provinciales mettant en vigueur des systèmes de recyclage obligatoire des déchets électroniques, ainsi que d’autres initiatives, publics et privées, basées sur le principe de la responsabilité élargie des producteurs (REP). L’objectif de ce travail est de comprendre comment les acteurs impliqués dans le commerce de l’équipement électronique peuvent modeler les systèmes de production, d’usage et du traitement fin de vie des technologies contemporaines pour que ces dernières puissent continuer à faire élever les standards de vie et à avancer le développement des communautés humaines, en respectant simultanément le principe international de l’équité globale, l’environnement naturel et la qualité de vie des générations futures., This thesis addresses the forms, characteristics and challenges of electronic waste governance. The author explores the socio-economic and environmental impacts of a diverse range of instruments that have been developed to mitigate the human health and environmental risks presented by end-of-life electronic equipment, namely: multilateral treaties restricting e-waste trade flows into developing countries, regional, national and provincial legislations imposing mandatory recycling systems for e-waste, as well as other public and private initiatives based on the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR). The objective of this study is to understand how stakeholders implicated in the electronic equipment sector can model the systems of production, use, and discard of electronics, so that the latter may continue to raise living standards and propel human development while simultaneously respecting the international principle of global equity, the natural environment and the quality of life of future generations.